Building Renovation

SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology PoliMI SpringerBriefs Editorial Board Barbara Pernici, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Stefano Della Torre, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Bianca M. Colosimo, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Tiziano Faravelli, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Roberto Paolucci, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Silvia Piardi, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy More information about this subseries at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/11159 http://www.polimi.it Manuela Grecchi Building Renovation How to Retrofit and Reuse Existing Buildings to Save Energy and Respond to New Needs Manuela Grecchi Dipartimento ABC Politecnico di Milano Milan, Italy ISSN 2191-530X ISSN 2191-5318 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology ISSN 2282-2577 ISSN 2282-2585 (electronic) PoliMI SpringerBriefs ISBN 978-3-030-89835-9 ISBN 978-3-030-89836-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89836-6 © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface The chapters in this book deal with building renovation and the resulting urban renewal. The urgency of climate change and all the problems associated with the excessive use of energy are forcing a reorganisation of the process interested in reusing the existing building stock with a more sustainable approach. The adaptive conversion of old buildings has become a dominant theme in many urban renewal projects. It must necessarily include strategies for energy efficiency and reduction of pollutant emissions, improvement of environmental performance, economic sustainability and cultural identity. The topics covered in the chapters are the result of various research projects on building renovation and adaptive reuse, as well as the refurbishment course that the author has been teaching for more than 10 years. The book aims to review the process of building renovation by systematising the phases of analysis and prior knowledge with a project that not only pays attention to energy saving, but also thoroughly examines complex issues, such as defining correct new functions and answers to new needs. The examples selected in this book are intended to provide evidence of good practice in the review and transformation of old buildings, with two main focuses that represent critical situations in many cities: the conversion of former industrial areas to initiate urban renewals, and the adaptation to new needs and high construction performance of existing residential districts with critical social problems. Milan, Italy Manuela Grecchi v Contents 1 Building Renovation Opportunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 The Need for Building Renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Building Obsolescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 3 4 8 9 2 Building Renovation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Preliminary Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Box: Building Pathology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 The Decision-Making Process for Renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 A Sustainable Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1 Main Criteria for Environmental Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.2 Design Principles with Low Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . 2.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11 12 13 16 25 27 28 32 33 34 3 Building Adaptive Reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Factors that Influence Adaptive Reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Design Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Strategies for Sustainable Building Renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 The Need for Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 35 36 40 43 49 51 51 4 Industrial Heritage: Sustainable Adaptive Reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Cultural and Social Value of Abandoned Industrial Buildings . . . . . 53 53 54 vii viii Contents 4.3 Adaptive Reuse as a Driver for Urban Regeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Successful Adaptive Reuse Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Strategies for Building Renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 61 64 69 69 5 Building Technical Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 5.2 Criticality of Construction Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 5.2.1 Box: Exterior Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 5.2.2 Box: Roofs and Floor Slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 5.3 Repair Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 5.3.1 Box: External Wall Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 5.3.2 Box: Roof and Floor Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 5.4 Improving Building Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 5.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 6 Energy Retrofit of Suburban Districts: An Opportunity for Social Regeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Social Housing Neighborhoods: An Overview of the Current Situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Regeneration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.1 Strategies for Retrofitting the Building Envelope . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.2 Strategies for Sustainable Urban District Redevelopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 107 109 112 115 118 121 122