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Philosophy of History: Twenty-First-Century Perspectives
Historical Evitability: The Return of the Philosophy of History2020 •
Journal of anthropological archaeology
Metaphorically Veiled Image-Schema in the Kinship and Political Organization of Ceremonial Plazas: A South Andean Case2024 •
This study is an interdisciplinary approach to a veiled metaphoric design expressed in the present-day spatial layout of ecologically-derived patronyms of Mapuche lineages and families positioned in public ceremonial plazas. The perspective combines ethnoarchaeological, cognitive, iconographic, oral tradition, allegoric metaphor, and historical approaches to the organization and meaning of this design, taking into account the past and present dimensions of ritual media (e.g., political, ideological and sensorial) to render a concept publicly graspable. Shamans and other informants state that the design represents an ancient foundational schema established for intercommunity political solidarity during times of conflict in the Spanish colonial and Republican era of the south-central Andes of Chile. Shamans were asked to draw their mental image of the hidden design of the plaza to pictographically reveal its visual representation. By examining the iconography of patronyms depicting a loosely structured order of families hierarchically positioned in ceremonial space, the invisible nature of this pattern and its wider political and kinship meaning is considered. Viewed from an archaeological perspective, this schema is suggested to be associated with a "chiefdom" or intermediate, politylevel society, and may represent a type of mental imagery and template that served as a precursor to the visible iconography on wood, stone, adobe, ceramic, textile and other media of complex Pre-Colombian societies. Ultimately, this schema is a conceptual metaphor: mapping and structuring knowledge of a trophic hierarchy of elements in the natural world to evoke a political and public organizational principle through sensorial experiences and life concerns in the invisible and visible domains of an Andean-like ceremonial format.
K. Popek, Muzułmanie w Bułgarii 1878–1912, Kraków: Historia Iagellonica 2022, ss. 562 (ISBN 978-83-66304-99-4). | In 1878, the Balkan Peninsula underwent crucial changes, of which the most important ones dealt with the Bulgarian state. Instead of “Greater Bulgaria” proposed after the San Stefano Treaty, two entities came into existence: the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia. Neither of them, however, constituted a truly independent state, the former being a Turkish vassal and a Russian protectorate while the latter an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire. Like the whole area of the Balkans, they were ethnically and religiously heterogenous. In particular, both were inhabited by many Muslims, 527 thousand in the Principality (26 pct. of the population) and 175 thousand in Eastern Rumelia (21 pct.). Later on, their number systematically declined. After the Unification, in 1887, 676 thousand (21 pct.) Muslims inhabited the whole Bulgarian territory; in 1900, 643 thousand (17 pct.); and in 1905, 603 thousand (15 pct.). Although considered a minority in Bulgaria, Muslims actually constituted a heterogenous group, consisting of Turks, Pomaks (native Bulgarian Muslims), Roma, Tatars, and—before the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)—Circassians. Most of them inhabited two Bulgarian regions, its northeastern part and the Rhodope mountains, located in the south; their small communities, however, lived throughout the whole territory. The Bulgarian policy towards the Muslim minority from 1878 to 1912 can be divided into two periods, separated by the year 1885. During the first period, from 1878 to 1885, Sofia’s authorities led a harsh policy towards Muslims, violating minority rights guaranteed by the constitution. Eastern Rumelia showed the opposite attitude: After the Russian occupation, the Islamic community encountered a tolerant attitude there. In 1885, a liberal period started, also in the Principality. It lasted until the krastilka, the forced Christianization of Rhodope Pomaks, which happened in 1912. It is difficult to assess the Muslim minority’s situation in the Bulgarian lands at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. From a political point of view, their situation was not bad. Postwar repressions quickly ended, a point constantly overlooked by Western and Turkish historians. The only anti-Muslim actions that the Bulgarian state organized were those against armed resistance and banditry. During that time, Eastern Rumelia accepted Muslim separatism, and neither of the Bulgarian governments supported Christianization actions or other forms of assimilation. Despite that, many Muslims emigrated (350 thousand from 1878 to 1912), although not because of governmental actions. They had full civil rights, so they could participate in the political life at the central and local levels. They failed to fully use these rights, but it was their own fault or decision. The states respected religious-educational autonomy, so Muslims had their own religious communes and schools, both playing crucial roles in their social life and education. From an economic point of view, however, the Muslim minority’s situation was far worse than that from the political point of view. The “Agrarian Revolution” strongly affected their lives, as many became victims of confiscations, lost their economic position, disappeared from cities, and moved to rural areas, where they became poor peasants, isolated from accelerating modernization that Bulgarian agriculture and industry encountered. From a cultural point of view, Muslims also diminished their position. Islamic culture lost its dominance in this part of the Balkans. It was particularly visible in cities, which gradually de-Ottomanized and Europeanized. Muslims still had their own schools and press, but they faced various financial and organizational problems. The schools focused mainly on religious education and offered poor education. The press suffered from censorship: not only in the Ottoman Empire, but also in Bulgaria criticizing the Hamidian regime more often than not meant the end of a Muslim newspaper.
2024 •
This research analyzed the effect of collaborative learning approaches on improving English communication skills in ninth-grade Thai students. A quasi-experimental design was used to develop students' speaking skills. One class acted as an experimental group and participated in collaborative activities for ten weeks, while the other was a control group receiving standard training. Both groups received a standardized pre-and post-test to measure their changes in speech, listening, presentation, and group work skills. Moreover, classroom observations and students gained more information about opinions on learning processes. In the experimental group, there was a significant improvement in scores of quantifiable oral communication skills after collaborative intervention compared to the baseline tests. This supports the first hypothesis. Secondly, teamwork validated the second hypothesis by proving increased students' selfconfidence regarding their skills. Thus, the observational evidence showed that active engagement increased due to peer talks and collaborative assignments. The study showed that participants evaluated themselves as having gained new skills and preferred social constructivist techniques over passive learning. The research revealed that using collaborative strategies can enhance the communication skills of Thai adolescents. According to sociocultural learning theories, this is done by providing them opportunities to use language in communicative settings that improve their self-confidence.
Kegiatan pengembangan pariwisata secara sederhana dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu proses membangun dan meningkatkan potensi wisata yang terdapat di suatu wilayah, dalam konteks ini pembahasan terfokus pada kegiatan pengembangan wisata air panas yang terdapat di Desa Penen, Deli Serdang. Pada umumnya pengembangan wisata berbasiskan air berkutat pada penggunaan air sebagai satu-satunya sumber kegiatan wisata, dalam hal ini pengembangan wisata yang akan dilakukan merupakan pengembangan potensi wisata yang terdapat di Desa Penen, meliputi mata air panas, gua, hutan, sungai dan keindahan alam. Seluruh potensi wisata yang terdapat di Desa Penen berusaha untuk mensinergikan potensi untuk mewujudkan suatu kegiatan wisata yang kompleks, sehingga kegiatan wisata akan dapat berjalan secara merata dan variatif dalam pilihan objek wisata. Tulisan ini juga membahas proses pengembangan pariwisata Desa Penen dalam pemahaman antropologi pariwisata dengan harapan pendekatan tersebut dapat memberi kekuatan dalam pengem bangan kegiatan wisata lebih lanjut.
Revista de Administração Pública (Impresso)
Administração Pública e Política Pública.Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
Ösekli Şeyhî İbrahim Efendi (öl. 1686'dan sonra) ve Tarihçesi2022 •
Ösekli Şeyhî İbrahim Efendi (öl. 1686’dan sonra)ʼnin Ankara Adnan Ötüken İl Halk Kütüphanesi kataloğunda Zeyl-i Vâkıʻa-nâme başlığıyla kayıtlı tarihçesi ilk kez İsmet Parmaksızoğlu tarafından 1976 yılında gerçekleşen VIII. Türk Tarih Kongresinde ilim âlemine tanıtılmıştır. Parmaksızoğlu’nun Naẓîre-i Vâkıʻa-nâme-i Veysî olarak adlandırdığı eser, aradan geçen uzun zamana rağmen hak ettiği ilgiyi görmemiş, müstakil bir çalışmaya konu olmamış, bir-iki tarih araştırması dışında kitaba referansta bulunulmamıştır. Hâlbuki Şeyhî’nin kitabı, XVII. yüzyıl Osmanlı tarihinin önde gelen divan şairlerinden Alaşehirli Veysî (öl. 1628)’nin Vâkıʻa-nâme’sine yazılan bir nazîre olması sebebiyle edebiyatçıların ve aynı yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Macar serhaddinde yaşanan birçok önemli olayı kaydetmesi nedeniyle de tarihçilerin ilgisini çekmesi beklenen önemli bir eserdir. Bu makalede henüz yayımlanmamış tarihçe muhteva açısından ele alınacak ve ilgili literatüre atıfla tartışılacaktır.
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2012 •
Engineering Proceedings
University Laval Infrared Thermography Databases for Deep Learning Multiple Types of Defect Detections Training2021 •
A Triptych on Continuous Creation
A Triptych on Continuous Creation Introducing the Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) Collaborating with ChatGPTThe Medical Journal of Basrah University
The Study of Visual Evoked Potential Changes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus2009 •
ERJ Open Research
The impact of long-term azithromycin on antibiotic resistance in HIV-associated chronic lung disease2021 •