Received: 12 October 2018
Accepted: 12 October 2018
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15372
The European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Companion Animals (ECVIM-CA) Congress and the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicien (JVIM)
are not responsible for the content or dosage recommendations in the abstracts. The abstracts are not peer reviewed before publication. The opinions
expressed in the abstracts are those of the author(s) and may not represent the views or position of the ECVIM-CA. The authors are solely responsible for
the content of the abstracts.
RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
OF THE
28th ECVIM-CA CONGRESS
Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 6th to 8th September 2018
Index of Abstracts
LIST OF ORAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
SCH – Society of Comparative Hepatology
Thursday 6 September 2018
09.00-09.15
SCH-O-1
Lawrence
Development, validation, and application of an LC-MS/MS method for the
quantitative determination of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in dogs with chronic hepatitis
09.15-09.30
SCH-O-2
Oliveira Leal
Copper-associated Hepatitis in dogs: a retrospective study of 17 clinical cases
09.30-09.45
SCH-O-3
Sato
Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration in primary hypoplasia of the
portal vein with portal hypertension in dogs
09.45-10.00
SCH-O-4
Ambrosini
Serum vitamin D, C-Reactive Protein, and von Willebrand’s factor in dogs with
inflammatory hepatopathies
10.00-10.15
SCH-O-5
Ferreira
Serum melatonin concentrations in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts
ESVC – European Society of Veterinary Cardiology
Thursday 6 September 2018
14.25-14.40
ESVC-O-1
Rishniw
Echocardiographically obtained left-atrial-to-aortic ratio in healthy dogs:
re-evaluation of historic reference intervals
14.40-14.55
ESVC-O-2
Bouvard
Comparison of ECG-gated multi-detector computed tomography angiography
and two-dimensional echocardiographic methods in the assessment of left
atrial size using left atrial-to-aortic root short-axis ratio in dogs
14.55-15.10
ESVC-O-3
Bouvard
Assessment of left atrial volume in dogs: comparisons of two-dimensional
and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography with ECG-gated multi-detector
computed tomography angiography
15.10-15.25
ESVC-O-4
Novo Matos
Post mortem assessment of left ventricular mass by micro-computed tomography
in feline cardiomyopathic hearts
15.25-15.40
ESVC-O-5
Beijerink
ECG-gated computed tomography angiography of pulmonic stenosis in 31 dogs
15.40-15.55
ESVC-O-6
Mateos
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways in the dog: the Italian
Panero
experience (2008-2016)
Rishniw
Breed does not affect the association between murmur intensity and disease
15.55-16.10
ESVC-O-7
severity in dogs with pulmonic or subaortic stenosis
16.10-16.25
ESVC-O-8
Takano
Breed characteristics in cardiac reverse remodeling and left ventricular systolic
function after mitral valve repair in dogs
1016
16.25-16.40
ESVC-O-9
Betschart
Iron deficiency assessment in dogs with chronic heart failure
Stack
Effects of oral trazodone on echocardiographic and hemodynamic
Friday 7 September 2018
11.20-11.35
ESVC-O-10
measurements in healthy cats
11.35-11.50
ESVC-O-11
Borgeat
Prevalence of hypersomatotropism in non-diabetic cats with left ventricular
hypertrophy – a silent and curable phenocopy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
11.50-12.05
ESVC-O-12
Sebastian
New genetic variants of MYH6 gene were associated with sporadic hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy in cats
12.05-12.20
ESVC-O-13
Liu
Discovery of novel biomarkers for cardiomyopathies in cats with congestive
heart failure
12.20-12.35
ESVC-O-14
Hanås
Effect of breed and signalment on N-terminal Prohormone of Brain Natriuretic
Peptide concentrations measured by ELISA in healthy cats and comparison to a
point of care test
12.35-12.50
ESVC-O-15
Ivasovic
Evaluation of NT-proBNP-levels in sport dogs after immediate physical activity and
after an intense two months training session
14.25-14.40
ESVC-O-16
Serres
Interest of a cardiac troponin I using a bedside analyzer for clinical orientation in
dogs with mitral insufficiency and/or dyspnea
14.40-14.55
ESVC-O-17
Sarcinella
Effect of pimobendan on left atrial function in dogs with stage B2 myxomatous mitral
valve disease
14.55-15.10
ESVC-O-18
Lee
The misuse (overdose) of pimobendan may potentially induce myocardial fatigue in
dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
15.10-15.25
ESVC-O-19
Kiss
Heart-specific and fibrosis related microRNAs in whole blood samples of dogs with
cardiomyopathy
15.25-15.40
ESVC-O-20
Saponaro
Heart rhythm characterization by 24-hour Holter monitoring during sudden cardiac
death in dogs – A case series
15.40-15.55
ESVC-O-21
Perego
R-peak time in normal dogs
ESVONC – European Society of Veterinary Oncology
Thursday 6 September 2018
14.25-14.40
ESVONC-O-1 Weber
Tumor-specific microRNA expression in canine intestinal T-cell lymphomas and
analysis of microRNA function in a canine T-cell lymphoma cell line
14.40-14.55
ESVONC-O-2 Treggiari
Retrospective comparison of first line adjuvant anthracycline versus
metronomic-based chemotherapy protocols in the treatment of stage i-ii, canine
splenic haemangiosarcoma
14.55-15.10
ESVONC-O-3 Del Busto
Castro
Incidence of post-operative complications and outcome of 48 dogs undergoing
surgical management of insulinoma
15.10-15.25
ESVONC-O-4 Holdsworth
Owners’ perceptions of the treatment of Osteosarcoma in large breed dogs
15.25-15.40
ESVONC-O-5 McNaught
Assessing serum clusterin as a potential biomarker for canine lymphoma
15.40-15.55
ESVONC-O-7 Queiroga
TGFß, FOXP3 and angiogenesis in malignant canine mammary tumors: association
with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis
16.10-16.25
ESVONC-O-9 Milevoj
A combination of gene electrotransfer of canine IL-12, electrochemotherapy and
cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of canine oral malignant melanoma
16.25-16.40
ESVONC-O-10 Kimura
Evaluation of angiogenesis using semiquantitative RT-PCR for endothelial markers
in various canine tumors
1017
ESVIM – European Society of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Friday 7 September 2018
09.00-09.15
ESVIM-O-1
Fastrès
Effect of antimicrobial drug on lung microbiota in healthy dogs
09.15-09.30
ESVIM-O-2
Carranza
Comparison of the pulmonary deposition of nebulized 99mTc-DTPA through three
different inhalation devices in healthy dogs
09.30-09.45
ESVIM-O-3
Cui
Long-term survival and complications in end-stage tracheal collapse dogs treated
with intraluminal self-expanding Wallstents™
09.45-10.00
10.00-10.15
ESVIM-O-4
ESVIM-O-5
Dominguez
Association between abnormal respiratory clinical signs and respiratory localization
Ruiz
in dogs and cats
Le Boedec
Association between tomodensitometry, rhinoscopy, and histopathology characteristics
and treatment response in canine idiopathic rhinitis
10.15-10.30
ESVIM-O-6
Gori
Pulmonary complications in canine acute pancreatitis: a pilot study
11.20-11.35
ESVIM-O-7
Griebsch
Effectiveness of aspirin versus clopidogrel in dogs with immune mediated haemolytic
anaemia evaluated by serial thromboelastography and platelet mapping
11.35-11.50
ESVIM-O-8
Whittemore
Platelet function in healthy dogs receiving sustained clopidogrel, prednisone, or
combination therapy
11.50-12.05
ESVIM-O-9
Black
Retrospective analysis of presentation and diagnosis in 115 referred juvenile
dogs presenting with pyrexia
12.05-12.20
ESVIM-O-10 Banzato
Development of a frailty index to assess the risk of mortality in the dog
ISCAID - International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases
Friday 7 September 2018
12.20-12.35
ISCAID-O-1
Felten
Prevalence of feline coronavirus shedding and associated risk factors in catteries
12.35-12.50
ISCAID-O-2
Beatty
Novel hepatitis B-like hepadnavirus identified in a feline immunodeficiency
virus-infected domestic cat
14.25-14.40
ISCAID-O-3
de Jong
Long-term follow-up and prognostic factors in canine leishmaniasis in a
non-endemic country, a retrospective cohort study
14.40-14.55
ISCAID-O-4
Francey
Reduction in incidence of canine leptospirosis in Switzerland correlates
with the introduction of a new quadrivalent anti-leptospiral vaccine
14.55-15.10
ISCAID-O-5
López
Leptospira seroprevalence in owned dogs from Spain
15.10-15.25
ISCAID-O-6
Dorsch
Urine shedding of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in cats in Southern Chile
15.40-15.55
ISCAID-O-8
Schmitt
Patterns of antimicrobial use for selected feline diseases in Switzerland in 2016
ESVNU – European Society of Veterinary Nephrology and Urology
Friday 7 September 2018
14.25-14.40
ESVNU-O-1
Lourenco
Inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathway upregulation in an ischemic model of
feline chronic kidney disease
14.40-14.55
ESVNU-O-2
Menard
Symmetric Dymethylarginine evaluation and characterization of proteinuria in
dogs with pituitary-dependant hyperadrenocorticism
14.55-15.10
ESVNU-O-3
McKenna
The clinical utility of glomerular filtration rate measurement in dogs
15.10-15.25
ESVNU-O-4
Lamoureux
In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary bacterial isolates in dogs with
chronic kidney disease
15.25-15.40
ESVNU-O-5
Marques
Dogs as reservoirs of uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae to humans
1018
15.40-15.55
ESVNU-O-6
Pastor
Urolithiasis prevalence in leishmania infantum-infected dogs treated with allopurinol
in an endemic area of the South of France
16.30-16.45
ESVNU-O-7
SchweighauserEvaluation of prescription, anticoagulation, and metabolic response to
membrane-based therapeutic plasma exchange in dogs
16.45-17.00
ESVNU-O-8
Ogeer
Comparative Performance of IDEXX SDMA® Test and the DLD SDMA ELISA for the
Measurement of SDMA in Canine and Feline Serum
17.00-17.15
ESVNU-O-9
Butty
Ultrasound-guided subcutaneous ureteral bypass and microsurgical ureterotomy in
cats with obstructive ureterolith
17.15-17.30
ESVNU-O-10 Olivares
The utility of charcoal bacteriology swabs for storage of urine prior to culture
ESCG – European Society of Comparative Gastroenterology
Friday 7 September 2018
14.25-14.40
ESCG-O-1
Da Riz
Are clinical and paraclinical data helpful in discriminating feline low-grade alimentary
lymphoma from inflammatory bowel disease? A prospective study of 36 cases
14.40-14.55
ESCG-O-2
Freiche
Histopathological and molecular characterisation of feline low-grade alimentary
lymphoma and inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective analysis of 36 cases
14.55-15.10
ESCG-O-3
Berman
Hypoalbuminaemia as a possible biomarker of gastro-intestinal lymphoma in cats
15.10-15.25
ESCG-O-4
Werner
Treatment of Dogs with Acute Uncomplicated Diarrhea with Amoxicillin
Clavulanate: A Prospective, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Blinded Treatment Trial
15.25-15.40
ESCG-O-5
Burchell
Faecal microbial transplantation in a canine model of haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome
15.40-15.55
ESCG-O-6
Ziese
Longitudinal Assessment of Clostridium perfringens encoding NetF toxin in Dogs
with Acute Haemorrhagic Diarrhoea Syndrome
16.30-16.45
ESCG-O-7
Whittemore
Gastrointestinal changes in healthy dogs receiving sustained clopidogrel, prednisone,
or combination therapy
16.45-17.00
ESCG-O-8
Whittemore
Antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal signs in healthy dogs administered antibiotics
with or without synbiotics
17.00-17.15
ESCG-O-9
Jergens
Glucocorticoid effects on microbial community structure in canine inflammatory
bowel disease
17.15-17.30
ESCG-O-10
Cabrera GarciaDecreased serum soluble rage concentrations correlate with the severity of
histologic lesions in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathies
17.30-17.45
ESCG-O-11
Febo
Evaluation of plasma endocannabinoids in dogs with primary chronic
enteropathies
17.45-18.00
ESCG-O-12
Salavati
Retrospective analysis of dogs with inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy
Schmitz
reveals that second-line immunosuppression is only necessary in 1/3 of cases and
treatment requirements or outcome cannot be predicted by routine
clinicopathological data
ESVE – European Society of Veterinary Endocrinology
Friday 7 September 2018
14.25-14.40
ESVE-O-1
Peterson
Radioiodine treatment of feline hyperthyroidism: measuring 24-hour thyroid
131-I uptake helps predict treatment failure or development of iatrogenic
hypothyroidism
14.40-14.55
ESVE-O-2
Fabres
Evaluation of telmisartan administration as a suppression test for primary
hyperaldosteronism diagnosis in cats
1019
14.55-15.10
ESVE-O-3
Ferri
Pheochromocytoma in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy: an exploratory
investigation of 24 cases
15.10-15.25
ESVE-O-4
Petroff
Temporal changes in thyroid status in euthyroid dogs with positive
thyroglobulin autoantibodies
15.25-15.40
ESVE-O-13
Del Baldo
Validation of human immunoturbidimetric assays for the measurement of
glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum fructosamine in dogs and comparison
of the two variables for the assessment of glycemic control in dogs with
diabetes mellitus
15.40-15.55
ESVE-O-6
Hazuchova
Effect of monthly injections of GLP-1 analogue exenatide extended release on
ß-cell function in newly diagnosed diabetic cats
Saturday 8 September 2018
14.40-14.55
ESVE-O-7
Bennaim
A visual aid to judgement in the diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism and
the development of a diagnosis score
14.55-15.10
ESVE-O-8
Hazuchova
Functional impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms within the putative
promoter of feline ACP1 gene in lean Domestic Shorthair cats with diabetes mellitus
15.10-15.25
ESVE-O-9
Ferri
Thyroidectomy in dogs with thyroid tumors: survival analysis in 99 cases (1994-2013)
15.25-15.40
ESVE-O-10
Prasinou
The erythrocyte membrane lipidome profile in healthy dogs and changes in dogs
with diabetes mellitus
15.40-15.55
ESVE-O-11
Blomqvist
Presence of T- and B-lymphocytes in the canine pituitary gland
16.30-16.45
ESVE-O-12
Schuppisser
Comparison of continuous glucose monitoring profiles and glycemic variability
during day and night in healthy and diabetic cats
16.45-17.00
ESVE-O-5
Ramsey
Haptoglobin and pre-trilostane cortisol as monitoring tools for the treatment of
canine hyperadrenocorticism
17.00-17.15
ESVE-O-14
Peterson
Spontaneous primary hypothyroidism in adult cats: More common that we think?
17.15-17.30
ESVE-O-15
Buresova
Short- and long-term follow-up of kidney function using creatinine, SDMA and
GFR in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine
ESVCP – European Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Saturday 8 September 2018
09.45-10.00
ESVCP-O-1
Dröes
Circannual variation in standardized haematological and biochemical markers in dogs
10.00-10.15
ESVCP-O-2
Bilbrough
Frequency of clinically significant abnormal biochemistry profiles in adult dogs
and cats presenting to North American veterinary practices for wellness examinations
10.15-10.30
ESVCP-O-3
Le Boedec
Determination of reference intervals from small samples: how to enhance
estimation accuracy
11.20-11.35
ESVCP-O-4
Tangalidi
Evaluation of the paraoxonase-1 concentration in dogs with mitral valve disease
11.35-11.50
ESVCP-O-5
Prieto
Biological Variation of Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Other Biochemical Analytes
in Healthy Cats
11.50-12.05
ESVCP-O-6
De Witte
Corrected calcium as a predictor of hypocalcaemia in hypoalbuminaemic dogs
12.05-12.20
ESVCP-O-7
Hope
Evaluation of the clinical utility of a point-of-care serum amyloid A (SAA) assay
for the detection of inflammatory disease in dogs
12.20-12.35
ESVCP-O-8
Davison
Targeted serum metabolomic and lipidomic profiling in Miniature
Schnauzers – a pilot study
12.35-12.50
ESVCP-O-9
Klainbart
Acute organophosphate and carbamate intoxication in 102 dogs - a retrospective study
1020
VBPS - Veterinary Blood Pressure Society
Saturday 8 September 2018
11.20-11.35
VBPS-O-1
Ioannidi
Comparison of systolic arterial blood pressure between low stress and
common handling conditions in cats using the Doppler method and High
Definition Oscillometry
11.35-11.50
VBPS-O-2
Archontakis
Comparison of Doppler ultrasonography and oscillometry with or without proprietary
optimizations for non-invasive blood pressure measurement in conscious cats
11.50-12.05
VBPS-O-3
Archontakis
Comparison of two Doppler ultrasonography devices for measurement of
systolic blood pressure in conscious dogs
ESVCN – European Society of Veterinary Comparative Nutrition
Saturday 8 September 2018
15.50-16.05
ESVCN-O-1
Mazaki Tovi
Arachidonic acid stimulates secretion of IL6 in feline primary adipose tissue culture
LIST OF POSTER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
SCH – Society of Comparative Hepatology
SCH-P-1
Luckschander
Differentiation of different types of feline liver disease by clinical features, cytology and
laboratory test results
ESVC – European Society of Veterinary Cardiology
ESVC-P-1
Carnabuci
ESVC-P-2
Chang
Left shift of the ventricular mean electrical axis in healthy Doberman Pinschers
Effects of a structured exercise program in sedentary dogs with asymptomatic
myxomatous mitral valve disease: quality of life, and radiographic and
echocardiographic parameters
ESVC-P-3
Parmentola
ESVC-P-4
O'Shaughnessy
Indeterminate mean electrical axis of the QRS complex in the dog
Clinical narrative analysis of clinical findings associated with measurement of
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in dogs and cats
ESVC-P-5
Duarte
Adverse Effects of amlodipine on the treatment of heart failure in dogs with
myxomatous mitral valve disease: preliminary results
ESVC-P-6
Roels
Assessment of pulmonary hypertension in dogs with angiostrongylosis before and
after treatment
ESVC-P-7
Michalek
Serum uric acid concentrations in dogs with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation
ESVC-P-8
Michalek
Oxidative stress in cats with asymptomatic and symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
ESVC-P-9
Lo
Is there an association between environmental factors and cardiovascular disease in dogs?
ESVC-P-10
Caivano
Longitudinal right ventricle strain and strain rate by 2-dimensional speckle tracking
echocardiography in dogs with pulmonary hypertension
ESVC-P-11
Poissonnier
Epidemiological, clinical, echocardiographic features and prognosis of dogs with a
thrilling murmur related to degenerative mitral valve disease: 374 cases (2006-2017)
ESVC-P-12
Heseltine
A retrospective multi-centre study investigating evidence of thrombosis in dogs
diagnosed with atrial fibrillation
ESVONC – European Society of Veterinary Oncology
ESVONC-P-1
Johannes
Expression of prostaglandin ep4 receptor in canine osteosarcoma
ESVONC-P-2
Cueni
Methadone potentiates the effect of doxorubicin on a canine transitional carcinoma cell line
1021
ESVONC-P-3
Ignatenko
Clinical manifestations and response to the therapy of extragenital intranasal form
canine transmissible venereal sarcoma(CTVT): retrospective study 11 dogs in Ukraine
ESVONC-P-4
Granziera
ESVONC-P-5
Cervone
The role of electrochemotherapy in management of tumours of the head in dogs
Feasibility, safety and diagnostic yield of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of
cardiac masses in dogs
ESVIM – European Society of Veterinary Internal Medicine
ESVIM-P-1
Robin
Meta-analysis of the association between Mycoplasma species and canine lower
respiratory tract disease
ESVIM-P-2
Roels
A questionnaire-based survey of owner-reported environment and care of West
Highland white Terrier with or without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
ESVIM-P-3
Fastrès
Investigation of serum Kebs von den lungen 6 (kl-6) concentration as a predisposing
factor and in the diagnosis of canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the West
Highland white Terrier
ESVIM-P-4
Nivy
Trends in serum cobalamin, folate and total iron binding capacity concentrations
in pregnant bitches and their association with hematological parameters and neonatal survival
ESVIM-P-5
Dominguez Ruiz Inter-clinician reliability of the respiratory physical examination in dogs and cats with
abnormal breathing patterns
ESVIM-P-6
Galiazzo
Endoscopic bronchial anatomy in the dog
ESVIM-P-7
Kehl
A novel CMAH gene variant leading to blood type b in ragdolls
ESVIM-P-8
Pierini
Evaluation of diet's effects and ability of the Hemoccult® assay for the detection of faecal
occult blood in healthy dogs
ESVIM-P-9
Johnson
Eosinophilic lung disease in 86 dogs (2006-2016)
ESVIM-P-10
Viitanen
Systemic and local immunoglobulin concentrations in Irish wolfhounds with recurrent
bacterial pneumonia
ESVIM-P-11
Crisi
Evaluation of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage findings in cats with
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in comparision to cats with feline bronchial disease
ESVIM-P-12
Palantzi
ESVIM-P-13
Grotheer
Long term survival in two dogs with sterile multifocal osteomyelitis
Retrospective comparison of cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis in a clinic
population (2003 – 2016)
ESVIM-P-14
Grotheer
ESVIM-P-15
Määttä
Evaluation of long-term therapy in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis
Matrix-metalloproteinase-7 activity in serum of West Highland White Terriers with
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
ESVIM-P-16
Johnson
ESVIM-P-17
Bazelle
Bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis in dogs (2006-2016)
Assessment of adverse effects of mycophenolate mofetil for treatment of immune
mediated diseases in dogs
ESVIM-P-18
Blasi Brugué
Prevalence of subclinical Haemotropic Mycoplasmosis in healthy indoor cats eligible
to become blood donors in the Iberian Peninsula
ESVIM-P-19
Cocci
Hyperplasia of the suprarytenoid pharyngeal fold in brachycephalic and
nonbrachycephalic toy dogs: clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in 10 cases
ISCAID – International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases
ISCAID-P-1
Breu
Diagnostics of canine Leishmania infection by ELISA and/or PCR-a comparative study
ISCAID-P-2
Su
Clinical and laboratory findings of sixty naturally Babesia gibsoni infected dogs
1022
ISCAID-P-3
Aboim
ISCAID-P-4
Duque
Blood Cultures and the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria in companion animals
Use of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the early diagnosis of renal
damage in canine leishmaniasis
ISCAID-P-5
Xenoulis
Seroepidemiology of feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)
in cats in Greece
ISCAID-P-6
Carreton
Clinical Picture of Cats Seropositive for Dirofilaria immitis in a Hyperendemic Area:
Is this Feline Disease Still Being Misdiagnosed?
ESVNU – European Society of Veterinary Nephrology and Urology
ESVNU-P-1
van Israel
Comparison of point-of-care (PocketchemTM UA) and reference laboratory
protein/creatinine ratio measurements on canine and feline urine samples for
diagnosis of proteinuria
ESVNU-P-2
Lauenstein-Bosse Evaluation of serum transforming growth factor beta 1 in cats with chronic kidney disease
ESVNU-P-3
Moberg
Overweight and obesity did not predispose to subclinical bacteriuria in a mixed population
of 152 middle aged and elderly cats – a prospective cross-sectional study
ESVNU-P-4
Sørensen
In-house culture and susceptibility reduce antibiotic over-prescription in dogs with
suspected cystitis – a randomized controlled trial
ESVNU-P-5
Oscarson
ESVNU-P-6
Riesgo
Bacterial culture results from urine and ejaculates in healthy intact male dogs
Retrospective study (2004-2017) of 137 uroliths diagnosed at the Complutense
Veterinary Teaching Hospital
ESVNU-P-7
Dokuzeylül
Clinical efficacy of the Marbofloxacin usage in dogs and cats diagnosed lower urinary
tract disorders
ESVNU-P-8
Sargent
Moderate dietary phosphate restriction and fibroblast growth factor 23 in healthy older cats
ESVNU-P-9
Monari
Pattern of renal tubular damage and dysfunction in dogs with intrinsic acute kidney
injury due to leptospirosis and other causes
ESVNU-P-10
Scarpa
ESVNU-P-11
Carreton
Big endothelin-1 in cats with CKD: preliminary evaluation
Evaluation of renal function in dogs infected by Dirofilaria immitis in relation to
microfilaremia, parasite burden and pulmonary pressure
ESVNU-P-12
Defauw
Evaluation of acute kidney injury in dogs with Babesia rossi infections
ESVNU-P-13
Burchell
Salt and sugar in your larder make your kidneys work harder
ESCG – European Society of Comparative Gastroenterology
ESCG-P-1
Cerquetella
ESCG-P-2
Hayashi
Proteomics of canine feces from healthy Boxer dogs: a pilot study
Elevated blood urea nitrogen and thrombocytopenia during treatment as prognostic
factors for canine acute pancreatitis
ESCG-P-3
Ohta
Expression of leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG) in the duodenal mucosa of dogs
with chronic enteropathy
ESCG-P-4
Loze
Differential diagnosis of ileocolic masses associated with intestinal obstruction in cats:
A retrospective study of 8 cases (2015-2017)
ESCG-P-5
Marolf
Comparison of computed tomographic angiography and ultrasonography in the
diagnosis of acute canine pancreatitis
ESCG-P-6
Allenspach
Canine jejunum and enteroids derived from healthy dogs are useful models to evaluate
the gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDs
ESCG-P-7
Marsilio
Characterization of the fecal microbiome of cats with chronic enteropathy
1023
ESCG-P-8
Lavoué
Serine proteases activity in intestinal tissue of dogs with inflammatory bowel disease
(IBD) - a new insight into the pathogenesis of IBD?
ESCG-P-9
Bertolani
Hypercobalaminemia in 144 samples from cats and dogs
ESVE – European Society of Veterinary Endocrinology
ESVE-P-1
Oliveira Leal
The use of ACTH-depot for ACTH stimulation test in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism
under trilostane therapy: changes to the conventional protocol
ESVE-P-2
Le Boedec
Predictive model to estimate ionized calcium from routine serum biochemical profiles in cats
ESVE-P-3
Burchell
Episodic nocturnal hypoglycaemia in healthy New Zealand working dogs
ESVE-P-4
Wehner
Efficacy of orally administered anti-thyroid drugs for the treatment of hyperthyroid cats
ESVE-P-5
Lamoureux
Iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism following treatment with trilostane for hyperadrenocorticism
in dogs: a description of 10 cases
ESVE-P-6
Stammeleer
Evaluation of free T4 (fT4) measurement after equilibrium dialysis (FT4ED) and a
chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (FT4CEIA) in hyperthyroid cats before and
after treatment with radioiodine (131I )
ESVE-P-7
García del Real
Prevalence of hypokalemia in feline diabetes
Torralva
ESVE-P-8
Pérez Alenza
Evolution of trilostane dosage in dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism
during the first year of treatment
ESVE-P-9
García San José
Survival of dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism
ESVE-P-10
Alonso Miguel
Efficacy and safety of toceranib phospate in dogs diagnosed with beta cell neoplasia
ESVE-P-11
Burlacu
Neural network based model for glycemic dynamics predictions in feline diabetes mellitus
ESVE-P-12
Carotenuto
Use of tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the measurement of thyroid hormones
in dogs with spontaneous hypothyroidism
ESVE-P-13
Malerba
ESVE-P-14
Rapastella
Accuracy of a flash glucose monitoring system in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis
Predictors of response to pituitary radiotherapy in dogs with and without pituitary
dependent hyperadrenocorticism
ESVE-P-15
Gónzalez Sanz
Telmisartan versus benazepril on the management of systemic hypertension in dogs with
hyperadrenocorticism
ESVCP – European Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology
ESVCP-P-1
Nivy
Efficacy of specific antivenin and fresh frozen plasma in reversing Daboia palaestinae
venom-induced hemostatic derangement - an in vitro study
ESVCP-P-2
Gerke
Insulin-like growth factor-1 and 26S proteasome as possible biomarker for metabolic
states in dogs suffering from chronic diseases
ESVCP-P-3
Marazzi
Preliminary investigation of haematological and biochemical parameters as prognostic
markers in dogs with severe inflammation
ESVCP-P-4
Cantos Barreda
Changes in anti-leishmania antibody levels in serum and saliva after three months of
treatment in dogs with clinical leishmaniosis
ESVCP-P-5
Breu
Prevalence of braf variant V450E in urine, smears, and biopsies of canine transitional
cell carcinoma
ESVCP-P-6
Nielsen
Global measurement of coagulation in plasma from healthy cats – a potential tool for
detection of thrombosis
ESVCP-P-7
Miglio
Breed Specific hemato - biochemical reference intervals for the adult hunting dogs
using a blood donor data base
1024
ESVCP-P-8
Rubio
ESVCP-P-9
Franco-Martínez The salivary proteome in dogs with canine parvovirosis
ESVCP-P-10
Gomez
Effects of different storage conditions on markers of oxidative stress in canine serum samples
Beta-hydroxybutyrate and adiponectin in overweight healthy dogs
Fernandez-Blanco
ESVCP-P-11
Franco-Martínez Validation of a new point-of-care immunoassay for serum cortisol measurement in
canine serum samples
ESVCP-P-12
Vizi
ESVCP-P-13
Lidbury
Evaluation of a point-of-care veterinary hematocrit meter in 57 dogs
Analytical validation of a point-of-care assay for the measurement of serum C-reactive
protein concentrations in dogs
ESVCN – European Society of Veterinary Comparative Nutrition
ESVCN-P-1
Koizumi
Studies on a new body condition scoring by morphometric methodin dogs (2nd report)
Received: 12 October 2018
Accepted: 12 October 2018
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15372
ABSTRACTS
ESCG-O-1
effusion and jejunal lymphadenomegaly (defined by thickness superior
to 6 mm) were more frequently noted in LGAL (44% vs 6%; p=0.02
Are clinical and paraclinical data helpful in discriminating feline lowgrade alimentary lymphoma from inflammatory bowel disease? A
prospective study of 36 cases
V.G. Freiche1, F. Da RIZ1, M.V. Paulin1, J. Beguin1, C. Bordenave1,
M. Delverdier2, M.O. Semin2, N. Cordonnier1, J. Bruneau3, O. Hermine3,
L. Couronné4
1
Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France, 2Ecole
Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, 3Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, A-P-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,
4
Institut Imagine, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP.,
Paris, France
Feline low-grade alimentary lymphoma (LGAL) is the most frequent
and 61% vs 24%; p=0.04, respectively).
To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study comparing cats
diagnosed with LGAL or IBD. Our results indicate that paraclinical
data such as hypocobalaminemia, abdominal effusion and jejunal
lymph node thickening seem to be associated with LGAL and should
prompt the clinician to investigate for this emerging disease.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESCG-O-2
digestive neoplasia in cats, characterised by the infiltration of neoplastic small T-lymphocytes, typically in the small intestine. With rising
prevalence, the disease is of growing concern to clinicians. Due to
similarities with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), establishing a diagnosis is challenging and may require extensive histology, immunohistochemistry and clonality analyses. However, these diagnostic tests
are not broadly available. The aim of this study was therefore to
determine whether usual clinical and/or paraclinical parameters may
differentiate LGAL from IBD.
This prospective study was conducted in the same referral centre
between July 2016 and February 2018. Owners gave their consent
Histopathological and molecular characterisation of feline low-grade
alimentary lymphoma and inflammatory bowel disease: a
prospective analysis of 36 cases
V.G. Freiche1, F. Da RIZ1, M.V. Paulin1, J. Beguin1, M. Delverdier2,
M.O. Semin2, N. Cordonnier1, M.E. Turba3, F. Gentilini4, O. Hermine5,
L. Couronné6, J. Bruneau5
1
Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France, 2Ecole
Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, 3Laboratorio Genefast, Forli, Italy, 4University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 5Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, A-P-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,
6
Institut Imagine, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP.,
Paris, France
for investigations. Cats were included if they had a final diagnosis of
In cats, differentiation between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and
LGAL or IBD, based on histological, immunohistochemical and clonal-
low-grade alimentary lymphoma (LGAL) is definitely a challenge for
ity analyses of full-thickness intestinal biopsies. All cats underwent a
clinicians. Final diagnosis is a major issue as treatment and prognosis
standardized diagnostic workup including history and physical exami-
are different. To date, LGAL characterisation is based upon combined
nation, biochemical analyses, complete blood count, cobalamin dos-
morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. Moreover, clonality
age, urinalysis and abdominal ultrasonography. Values were expressed
assessment can be helpful for questionable cases. We therefore per-
as percentage and median. Statistical analyses were performed using
formed an extensive histopathological and molecular characterization
Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests.
of cats diagnosed with LGAL or IBD to identify differential features
Eighteen cats were included in each group. Domestic-Shorthair was
between both entities.
the most frequent breed represented (83% in LGAL; 72% in IBD).
This prospective study was conducted, with owner compliance, in the
Median age and weight were similar between groups (13.3 vs
same referral centre between July 2016 and February 2018. Cats
11.5 years; 3.9 vs 3.7 kg in LGAL and IBD respectively). Neutered
were included if they had a final diagnosis of LGAL or IBD. Haematox-
males were over-represented in LGAL compared to IBD (83% vs 39%;
ylin and Eosin staining and immunohistochemistry using CD3, BLA36,
p=0.015). Median duration of clinical signs was higher in cats with
MAC387 and MIB-1 (Ki67) antibodies were carried out on full-
LGAL than in cats with IBD (365 vs 80 days; p<0.01). Diarrhoea was
thickness intestinal biopsies. Markers expressions in lamina propria
significantly more frequent in LGAL group (72% vs 28%; p=0.02).
and intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were assessed separately and
Hypocobalaminemia (< 200 pg/mL) was strongly associated with
quantified using a semi-quantitative scale. Blinded reading was per-
LGAL (73% vs 27%; p=0.04). Median serum albumin concentration
formed by two board-certified veterinary pathologists and one patholo-
was comparable in both groups (29 vs 30 g/L in LGAL and IBD respec-
gist specialised in human digestive low-grade proliferative disorders. All
tively). Major ultrasonographic findings included a diffuse thickening
samples were subjected to clonality testing, based on PCR targeting of
of the intestinal muscularis layer in both groups. Slight abdominal
the CDR3 region of T-cell receptor gamma for T-cells (TCRγ).
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
J Vet Intern Med. 2019;33:1025–1101.
wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jvim
1025
ABSTRACTS
1026
Eighteen cats diagnosed with LGAL localised in the duodenum (n=3),
The study concluded that cats with GI lymphoma have a lower serum
jejunum (n=12), and ileum (n=3) and 18 cats with IBD localised in the
albumin concentration than cats with IBD and therefore serum albu-
duodenum (n=1), jejunum (n=16) and ileum (n=1) were included. Vil-
min concentrations can be used as biomarker to aid in differentiating
lous atrophy (p=0.015), lamina propria high cellular density (p<0.01),
GI lymphoma from IBD in cats.
and lymphocytic cryptitis (p<0.01) were significantly more frequent in
Disclosures
LGAL group. An apical-to-basal gradient of cellularity was strongly
No disclosures to report.
associated with LGAL (29% vs 0%; p=0.02). In contrast to BLA36,
CD3 expression levels in lamina propria and IEL were significantly
ESCG-O-4
increased in LGAL cases (p<0.01), reflecting the monomorphic feature
of tumor cell population. No difference in MAC387 expression was
detected. Median values of Ki67 in lamina propria and IEL were significantly higher in the LGAL group (p<0.01). Clonality assessment
revealed monoclonal TCRg rearrangement in 82% of the LGAL cases
and in 56% of the IBD cases.
To our knowledge, this is the first prospective histological and immunohistochemical characterisation relying on separate analysis of mucosal
compartments in cats diagnosed with LGAL or IBD. Based on these
results, CD3, BLA36 and Ki67 measurements could be of interest to
differentiate those similar clinical entities. Clonality testing should be
interpreted with caution and in the light of histopathological data.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESCG-O-3
Treatment of Dogs with Acute Uncomplicated Diarrhea with
Amoxicillin Clavulanate: A Prospective, Placebo-controlled,
Randomized, Blinded Treatment Trial
M. Werner1, J. Suchodolski2, K. Hartmann1, S. Unterer1
1
Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet,
Munich, Germany, 2Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small
Animal Clinical Sciences, College Station, United States of America
Although antibiotics can promote antimicrobial resistance and
adverse drug reactions, they are commonly used in dogs with
uncomplicated acute diarrhea (AD). No studies have been performed
proving a beneficial effect of antimicrobials in AD. Thus, the aim of
this study was to evaluate a potential benefit of amoxicillin clavulanate in dogs with AD and the effect on the proportion of resistant
fecal E. coli.
Sixteen dogs with AD were randomly divided into a treatment (amoxicillin clavulanate 12.5–25mg/kg PO q12h for 7 days) or placebo group
(lactose powder q12h for 7 days). All dogs received the same standar-
Hypoalbuminaemia as a possible biomarker of gastro-intestinal
lymphoma in cats
dised symptomatic therapy and diet. Severity of clinical signs based
C. Berman1, R. Lobetti1, E. Lindquist2
1
Bryanston Veterinary Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2Sonopath,
New Jersey, United States of America
tive measurement of amoxicillin-resistant E. coli in fecal samples (day
Both gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma and inflammatory bowel disease
on a disease activity index was compared. Furthermore, semiquantita0, 6, and 30) was performed.
Every dog improved to a clinical activity score ≤ 3 (insignificant disease) within 1–6 days (median 2 days) after presentation. No signifi-
(IBD) are common and debilitating disorders of cats with similar clini-
cant difference between treatment groups concerning disease
cal findings and often both will show intestinal thickening on abdomi-
activity scores or any individual parameter (activity, appetite, stool
nal ultrasound. The diagnosis and differentiation between GI
constistency, defecation frequency) was observed (p≥0.466). The
lymphoma and IBD requires the histopathological evaluation of biopsy
proportion of amoxicillin-resistant fecal E.coli increased significantly
samples taken from the GI tract, obtained either via laparotomy (full-
(p=0.031) from 0.0 on day 0 to 0.9 on day 6 only in the antibiotic
thickness surgical biopsies) or mucosal biopsies (obtained endoscopi-
group. On day 30 microbial resistance against E. coli was significantly
cally). The latter, however, can still be difficult to conclusively differ-
higher (0.2 versus 0.0) in the antibiotic compared to the placebo
entiate IBD from GI lymphoma.
group (p=0.001).
The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of hypoalbumi-
Dogs with AD recover within few days with symptomatic treatment
naemia in cats with GI lymphoma and IBD with the hypothesis that
and diet only. No clinical relevant benefit of treatment with amoxicillin
cats with GI lymphoma would have a lower serum albumin concentra-
clavulanate could be observed in this study.
tion in comparison to those with IBD.
Disclosures
The records of 38 client owned cats that had been diagnosed with
No disclosures to report.
either GI lymphoma or IBD on histopathology from endoscopically
derived mucosal biopsies were retrospectively evaluated.
ESCG-O-5
Of the 38 cats, 25 were diagnosed with GI lymphoma and 13 with IBD. In
the GI lymphoma group, ages ranged from 3-19 years with a median 10.1;
whereas in the IBD group, ages ranged from 1-13 years with a median of
10.5. There was no statistically difference between the groups. In the GI
lymphoma group, serum albumin concentration ranged from 1.5-2.5 g/dl
with a median of 2 g/dl; whereas in the IBD group, serum albumin concen-
Faecal microbial transplantation in a canine model of haemorrhagic
diarrhoea syndrome
R.K. Burchell1, P. Pazzi2, P.J. Biggs1, K. Gedeye1, A.C. Midwinter1, A. Gal1
Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, 2University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
1
trations ranged from 2.5-3.5 g/dl with a median of 2.75 g/dl. There was a
In people, faecal microbial transplantation (FMT) cures recurrent
statistically difference between the groups (p <0.05).
Clostridium difficile-associated colitis possibly through the recovery
ABSTRACTS
1027
of lost microbiota diversity. Similar FMT donor-recipient microbiota
indicating severe AHDS. Mean CHDSI decreased significantly on day
interactions in recipient sick dogs have not been reported. The
3 (p=0.015) compared to day 0 and stayed below 5.0 after day 3 indi-
authors hypothesized that a single FMT would temporarily increase
cating rapid recovery.
microbiota diversity and aimed to determine if FMT can substantially
In conclusion, a rapid decrease of netF and fast clinical recovery
alter the microbiota diversity for a month. The hypothesis was tested
were observed in dogs with aseptic AHDS without antibiotic
in a canine haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (HDS) model, which is
treatment.
associated with gut dysbiosis. Eight dogs with clinical signs of HDS
Disclosures
(1:1 ratio) were randomized to receive FMT (recipient) or saline (con-
No disclosures to report.
trol) via colonoscopy. The Pielou alpha bacterial diversity indexes
(PABDI) were compared (through sequencing of the bacterial 16S
ribosomal RNA gene) in faecal samples from recipients, controls and
ESCG-O-7
matched donors obtained at admission (before FMT), discharge, and
at 30-day recheck. We also compared a previously validated HDS
clinical score between recipients and controls. The recipient PABDI
differed substantially between the time of admission and discharge
(P 0.02) and was similar to the donors’ PABDI at discharge (P 0.39).
However, the recipients’ PABDI did not differ between the time of
admission and recheck (P 0.77). In contrast, the PABDI of the donors
and controls did not change at any point during the study. The HDS
clinical score did not differ between recipients and controls (P 0.14).
In conclusion, FMT transiently altered the recipients’ bacterial diversity. Further studies are required to determine the number of
repeated FMT procedures that will lead to a long-term increase in
bacterial diversity.
Gastrointestinal changes in healthy dogs receiving sustained
clopidogrel, prednisone, or combination therapy
J.C. Whittemore1, A.P. Mooney1, J.M. Price1, J. Thomason2
1
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, United States of America,
2
Mississippi State University, Starkville, United States of America
Dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia are often administered glucocorticoids and clopidogrel. Although both medications can
cause gastrointestinal bleeding in people, gastrointestinal effects of
combination therapy in dogs are unknown. The aim of this study was
to compare gastrointestinal changes among dogs administered clopidogrel, prednisone, and combination therapy.
A double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was performed using
24 healthy adult dogs (median age 3 years, range 2-7)> Dogs were
Disclosures
randomized to 4 groups: placebo, clopidogrel 2-3mg/kg/d, predni-
No disclosures to report.
sone 2mg/kg/d, or combined prednisone/clopidogrel PO for 28 days.
Attitude, food intake, vomiting, and fecal score were determined
ESCG-O-6
daily. Digitally-captured endoscopy was performed at baseline and
Longitudinal Assessment of Clostridium perfringens encoding NetF
toxin in Dogs with Acute Haemorrhagic Diarrhoea Syndrome
1
2
1
1
2
A.L. Ziese , J. Suchodolski , K. Hartmann , A. Anderson , F. Sarwar ,
N. Sindern1, S. Unterer1
1
Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich,
Germany, 2Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary
Medicine,Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of
America
Recent studies suggest a significant association between C. perfringens
encoding NetF toxin (netF) and acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (AHDS) in dogs, but nothing is known about the persistence of
netF over time in those patients. The study aim was to evaluate the
days 14 and 28. Mucosal hemorrhages, punctate erosions (PE), invasive erosions (IE), and ulcers in the gastric body, cardia, incisura, and
antrum were numerated by 2 blinded investigators (JCW, JT). A
value of 201 was assigned for >200 lesions in a region. Clinicallysignificant bleeding was defined as ≥15 hemorrhages, ≥5 PE, ≥1 IE,
or ≥1 ulcer. Results were compared among groups using mixed
model, split-plot repeated measures ANOVAs and generalized estimating equation proportional odds models. P<0.05 was considered
significant.
Clinical signs did not differ among treatment groups or over time.
Clinically-significant bleeding, PE, and IE differed by group, week,
presence of netF and concurrent clinical signs in dogs with AHDS.
and group*week (PE only). Post-hoc analysis revealed significantly
Twenty-five dogs with AHDS without signs of sepsis were treated
increased lesion scores over time in the prednisone [day 14, PE/IE
symptomatically without antibiotics. Faecal samples were tested for
82 (7-369); day 28, PE/IE 47 (12-402)] and prednisone/clopidogrel
netF by PCR on day 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 90. Clinical signs were
[day 14, PE/IE 60 (4-402); day 28, PE/IE 44 (0-128)] groups ver-
assessed daily for the first 8 days using the canine haemorrhagic diar-
sus placebo [day 14, PE/IE 2 (0-270); day 28, PE/IE 2 (0-5)] and
rhoea severity index (CHDSI). Statistical analysis (significance p<0.05)
clopidogrel [day 14, PE/IE 5 (1-45); day 28, PE/IE 0 (0-14)]
was performed with Chi-square test for number of dogs positive for
groups. Ulcers only occurred in the prednisone (4/6) and predni-
netF at each time point and Friedman test for comparison of CHDSI
sone/clopidogrel (3/6) groups. Dogs receiving prednisone and
over time.
prednisone/clopidogrel were 12.2 and 8.2 times more likely,
On day 0, 13/23 dogs (57%) were positive for netF. Percentage of
respectively, to develop clinically-significant bleeding than dogs
netF-positive dogs was significantly lower on all days compared to day
receiving placebo.
0 (p<0.001), with 5/23 dogs (22%) being positive on day 3, 2/25 (8%)
Gastrointestinal bleeding occurs commonly in healthy dogs adminis-
on day 7, 0/19 (0%) on day 14, 1/19 (5%) on day 21, and 0/19 (0%)
tered prednisone or prednisone/clopidogrel therapy, but not clopido-
on day 90. On day 0, mean CHDSI was 13.1 (standard deviation 3.2),
grel monotherapy. Though lesions were severe in many cases, they
ABSTRACTS
1028
were not accompanied by changes in attitude, food intake, vomiting,
ESCG-O-9
or fecal score.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
Glucocorticoid effects on microbial community structure in canine
inflammatory bowel disease
ESCG-O-8
A.E. Jergens1, T. Atherly1, G. Rossi2, R. White1, Y. Sun1, C. Wang1,
K. Allenspach1, J.P. Mochel1
1
CVM Iowa State University, Ames, United States of America, 2University
of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
Antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal signs in healthy dogs
administered antibiotics with or without synbiotics
The pathogenesis of canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) likely
J.C. Whittemore , T.D. Moyers , J.M. Price , J. Suchodolski
1
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, United States of America,
2
Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A & M University, College Station,
United States of America
involves complex interaction between the mucosal immune system
Antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal signs (AAGS) occur in up to 60%
community structure following glucocorticoid therapy. The objective
of dogs receiving metronidazole. In people, combination antibiotic
of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral prednisone on the
therapy increases the risk of AAGS, while synbiotic administration
spatial distribution of mucosal bacteria in IBD dogs.
decreases AAGS occurrence. The objective of this study was to com-
Eight dogs diagnosed with moderate-to-severe IBD (CIBDAI score >
pare AAGS in dogs administered antibiotics followed by placebos or
6) were treated with immunosuppressive doses of glucocorticoids,
synbiotics.
(oral prednisone 1-2 mg/kg PO every 24 hours for 21 days, then
A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over with an
tapered gradually to 0.5 mg/kg at 8 weeks as a typical protocol), for
8-week washout was performed using 24 healthy research dogs. After
induction of clinical remission. The mucosal microbiota from endo-
a 1-week baseline period, dogs received enrofloxacin (10mg/kg qd)
scopic intestinal biopsies of IBD dogs and controls (n=15 dogs) was
and metronidazole (12.5mg/kg BID) with food for 3 weeks. One hour
evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) targeting the
after each dose of antibiotics, dogs were administered placebos or
16S rRNA genes of total bacteria, group-specific organisms, and indi-
synbiotics (Proviable®-Forte with Proviable®-SB). Mean food intake;
vidual bacterial species shown to be relevant in canine/human IBD.
days of hyporexia (food intake<50%), vomiting, or diarrhea (fecal score
Epithelial tight junction protein (TJP) expression was studied using
≥6); and mean fecal score (1-7) per week were compared between
immunohistochemistry to investigate the effect of drug therapy on
groups using mixed model, repeated measure, cross-over ANOVAs.
intestinal barrier integrity.
P<0.05 was considered significant.
All IBD dogs showed a reduction in GI signs following 8 weeks of
Two dogs were excluded for high baseline fecal scoring (1 per group);
prednisone therapy compared with baseline CIBDAI scores (p<0.05).
1 dog was withdrawn in each treatment period due to the severity of
The mucosa-associated microbiota in the intestines of healthy and dis-
her AAGS. Hyporexia, vomiting, and diarrhea occurred in 42%, 83%,
eased dogs was most abundant in free and adherent mucus. In IBD
and 100%, respectively, of antibiotic-naïve dogs receiving the placebo.
dogs at diagnosis, the total number of EUB-338 positive bacteria, Fae-
Food intake differed by treatment (F=7.0, P=0.02) and period (F=18.8,
calibacterium spp., and Streptococcus spp. was decreased (p<0.05)
P<0.01), with less derangement in food intake in dogs receiving syn-
compared to healthy dogs. The spatial distribution of mucosal bacteria
biotics. Although days of hyporexia did not differ between treatment
was significantly different (p<0.05) in IBD dogs following prednisone
1
1
1
2
and the intestinal microbiota. While one study compared the intestinal
microbiota of dogs with IBD and food-responsive diarrhea before and
after treatment, there are no studies reporting changes in microbial
groups (P=0.06), it was less common in period 2 (F=4.4, P=0.04). Days
therapy, with higher numbers of total bacteria, Bifidobacterium spp.,
of vomiting (F=4.7, P<0.01) and fecal score (F=17.9, P<0.01) differed
Faecalibacterium spp., and Streptococcus spp. detected predominantly
by week of treatment but not by treatment received. Fecal scores
within adherent mucus compared to other mucosal compartments.
were significantly lower during period 2 (F=9.9, P<0.01).
Relative to other bacterial groups, the number of mucosal Enterobac-
Enrofloxacin/metronidazole administration resulted in an unexpect-
teriaceae was decreased (p<0.05) in prednisone-treated IBD dogs.
edly high incidence of AAGS in healthy dogs. Administration of syn-
The expression of TJPs occludin and zonulin was increased (p<0.05) in
biotics 1 hour after antibiotics mitigated food intake derangements.
IBD versus healthy dogs; however, only occludin was increased
Period effects suggest that clinical effects of synbiotics persisted more
(p<0.05) in IBD dogs following prednisone therapy.
than 9 weeks after discontinuation, decreasing AAGS in dogs that
In conclusion, the spatial distribution of mucosal bacteria differs
subsequently receive antibiotics alone.
between IBD dogs and healthy dogs and in response to glucocorticoid
Disclosures
administration. Oral prednisone therapy was associated with positive
Disclosures to report.
clinical outcome and changes in microbial community structure but
This project was supported by a grant from Nutramax Laboratories
not TJP expression. Analysis of intestinal microbiota using FISH pro-
Veterinary Sciences, Inc., Lancaster, SC. The funders had no involve-
vides valuable insights on the abundance and spatial distribution of
ment in the design or performance of the study, writing of the
mucosal bacteria which interact most closely with the intestinal
abstract, or the decision to submit it for presentation. Two of the
epithelium.
investigators (JCW, JSS) declare past receipt of honorariums from
Disclosures
Nutramax Laboratories for public speaking and educational materials.
No disclosures to report.
ABSTRACTS
ESCG-O-10
1029
Dr. Steiner and Dr. Suchodolski are directors of the Gastrointestinal
Laboratory at Texas A&M University where CRP, calprotectin, and
Decreased serum soluble rage concentrations correlate with the
severity of histologic lesions in dogs with chronic inflammatory
enteropathies
A.I. Cabrera Garcia1, J. Suchodolski2, J.M. Steiner2, R.M. Heilmann1
1
University of Leipzig, College of Veterinary Medic, Leipzig, Germany,
2
Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station,
United States of America
Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) are an important group of
diseases in dogs, and the innate immunity plays a key role in CIE pathogenesis. The receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE),
which belongs to the innate immune system, is a pattern-recognition
S100A12 testing is offered on a fee-for-service basis.
ESCG-O-11
Evaluation of plasma endocannabinoids in dogs with primary chronic
enteropathies
E. Febo1, P.E. Crisi1, T. Bisogno2, F. Piscitelli2, M. Di Tommaso1,
M. Pietra3, A. Gramenzi1, M. Maccarrone4, A. Boari1
1
University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy, 2Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy, 3University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 4Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
receptor recognizing pathogen-associated and endogenous molecular
Diagnosis of canine chronic enteropathies (CE) is challenging and
structures released with inflammation or tissue damage. In a pilot
requires a thorough clinical, laboratory and histological evaluation.
study, systemic concentrations of the decoy receptor sRAGE (soluble
Nevertheless, disorders related to CE are further retrospectively
RAGE) were decreased in dogs with CIE and normalized only in those
classified by their responsiveness to sequential therapeutic trials. Con-
dogs with clinical remission after induction therapy. However, the
vincing evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system is
association between serum sRAGE, disease severity, and other inflam-
expressed in the gut and that eCBs can modulate major gastrointesti-
matory biomarkers has not been extensively studied in canine CIE.
nal functions. The purposes of the study were to estimate plasma
This study aimed to evaluate serum sRAGE concentrations in a large
levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), arachidonoylethanolamide
group of dogs with CIE.
(anandamide, AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and oleoylethanola-
Serum and fecal samples from 102 dogs diagnosed with CIE were
mide (OEA) in healthy dogs, to ascertain their potential as diagnostic
used for this study. Serum sRAGE concentrations were measured by
markers of canine CEs. Dogs with CE were divided into 4 groups:
ELISA and were compared among different groups of dogs using non-
Food Responsive (FRE) and Antibiotic Responsive Enteropathy (ARE),
parametric group comparisons. A potential relationship of serum
Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Protein Losing
sRAGE levels with clinical disease activity (CCECAI scoring system),
Enteropathy (PLE). Plasmatic 2-AG, AEA, PEA and OEA levels were
serum and fecal inflammatory marker concentrations, and histologic
determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS). All
lesion severity (4-point semi-quantitative grading system) was
data were expressed in pmol/ml as medians (interquartile range), and
assessed using a Spearman rank-sum correlation coefficient. Statistical
were compared using non-parametric tests. The diagnostic accuracy
significance was set at P<0.05.
was assessed by a ROC-curve. P-values <0.05 were considered
Serum sRAGE concentrations ranged from 52–3,260 ng/L (median:
significant.
287 ng/L) in all CIE dogs, with 65 dogs (64%) having a serum sRAGE
In healthy dogs (CONTROL, n=30) plasma levels of 2-AG, AEA, PEA
concentration ≤340 ng/L (cut-off previously best separating CIE dogs
and OEA were: 4.1 (2.80-6.40), 1.7 (1.50-2.20), 24.5 (17.50-31.60) and
from healthy controls). Serum sRAGE levels were not associated with
52.1 (39.50-74.60), respectively.
the severity of clinical signs (CCECAI scores), serum CRP, serum and
Dogs with CE (n=33) showed significantly higher (P<0.01) 2-AG [10.7
fecal calprotectin, and fecal S100A12 concentrations (all P>0.05).
(3.87-29.77)] and PEA [40.5 (30.05-49.27)], compared to the CON-
Serum sRAGE and S100A12 concentrations tended to be inversely
TROL, while no statistical differences were found for AEA and OEA.In
correlated, but statistical significance for this association was not
particular, in the comparison among the CONTROL, FRE (n=10), ARE
reached (P=0.095). The overall histologic score was not associated
(n=9), IBD (n=9) and PLE (n=5) groups, FRE showed higher levels of
with serum sRAGE levels (P=0.157), but microscopic lesions in the
PEA [48.9 (40.5-57.3), P<0.05] and OEA [93.0 (65.3-122.1), P<0.05],
duodenum were more severe in dogs with serum sRAGE levels ≤340
ARE had higher levels of 2-AG [11.2 (6.4-24.9), P<0.01], the IBD
ng/L (P=0.013). Serum sRAGE was significantly and inversely corre-
group showed increased 2-AG [15.4 (7.5-130.3), P<0.01] and PEA
lated with the severity of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the gastric
[41.2 (38.2-50.2), P<0.05], while PLE dogs had increased concentra-
antrum (P=0.038) and duodenum (P=0.017), and with crypt dilation
tions of 2-AG [38.4 (11.2-92.1), P<0.01] and decreased amounts of
(P=0.027) and the neutrophilic infiltrate in the duodenum (P=0.044).
OEA [26.2 (18.2-38.0), P<0.05] and PEA [11.9 (9.9-23.7), P<0.05]. The
This study confirms that the majority of CIE dogs have decreased
overall accuracy of 2-AG to exclude (-LR 0.18, Sensitivity 94.4%,
serum sRAGE concentrations, suggesting that the sRAGE/RAGE axis
Specificity 70% at ≤3.8) or predict (+LR 7.78, Sensitivity 77.78%,
plays a role in canine CIE, and that sRAGE likely functions as a non-
Specificity 90% at >6.4) ARE or IBD was very high (AUC 0.90). Addi-
specific decoy receptor. Further research is warranted to assess the
tionally, plasmatic OEA showed a good accuracy (AUC 0.77) to
gastrointestinal (and particularly the duodenal) mucosal expression of
exclude (-LR 0.18, Sensitivity 90.0%, Specificity 55.56% at ≤53.3) or
RAGE in dogs with CIE and in healthy controls.
predict (+LR 4.5, Sensitivity 50.0%, Specificity 88.89% at >90.7) FRE.
Disclosures
Potential limitations were the sample size and the lack of eCBs analy-
Disclosures to report.
sis in intestinal biopsies. Yet, it can be concluded that 2-AG and OEA
ABSTRACTS
1030
may be a promising diagnostic tool for differentiating FRE from ARE
Disclosures
and IBD in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal signs at presentation.
No disclosures to report.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESCG-O-12
ESVCN-O-1
Arachidonic acid stimulates secretion of IL6 in feline primary adipose
tissue culture
Retrospective analysis of dogs with inflammatory protein-losing
enteropathy reveals that second-line immunosuppression is only
necessary in 1/3 of cases and treatment requirements or outcome
cannot be predicted by routine clinicopathological data
M. Mazaki Tovi, S. Bolin, P. Schenck
Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
S. Salavati Schmitz, N. Bommer, R. Mellanby, A. Gow
University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter
Bush, United Kingdom
depot, troglitazone, and fatty acids on secretion of adiponectin,
tissue of healthy cats. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue sam-
It is commonly accepted that dogs suffering from Inflammatory
ples were collected from 18 healthy intact female cats, and body con-
Bowel Disease (IBD) with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) need
dition score (BCS, Range 3-7/9) was determined. Concentrations of
more aggressive immunosuppressive treatment than dogs with IBD
adiponectin were measured in mature adipocytes cultures and con-
but no PLE. At our hospital, treatment of PLE-IBD follows a step-
centrations of IL6 and TNFα were measured in stromovascular cells
wise algorithm to assess response to diet, antibiotics & prednisolone
(SVC) cultures following treatment with control medium, troglitazone
This study aimed to determine the effects of body condition, fat
interleukin-6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) from adipose
first, with second-line immunosuppressants (SLI) only added if initial
at 10μM, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA), or palmi-
response is not satisfactory. It was hypothesised that results from
tic acid, at 25μM, 50μM, or 100μM. SVC of visceral origin secreted
this approach will challenge the need for SLI in many cases. Files of
higher concentrations of IL6 than corresponding cells of subcutaneous
dogs diagnosed with PLE from 2015 to 2017 (n=68) were retrospec-
origin (P=0.003). AA treatment at 25μM, 50μM, and 100μM increased
tively analysed. Exclusion criteria were lack of initial serum albumin
IL6 secretion in subcutaneous (P=0.045, P=0.002, and P<0.001,
(SA) value (n=5), lack of histopathological diagnosis (n=9), diagnosis
respectively) and visceral (P=0.034, P=0.001, and P<0.001, respec-
not compatible with IBD (intestinal lymphoma n=3, intestinal adeno-
tively) derived SVC. EPA treatment increased TNFα secretion in sub-
carcinoma n=2, intussusception n=3, granulomatous colitis n=2,
cutaneous derived SVC at 25μM, 50μM, and 100μM (P=0.002,
nutritional deficit n=1), significant intestinal bleeding contributing to
P=0.001, and P=0.015, respectively) and in visceral derived SVC at
protein loss (n=1), and significant concurrent disease (PLN n=1,
50μM (P<0.001). No significant effect on medium adiponectin con-
endocrinopathies n=2, EPI n=1). In the remaining 38 dogs (15 FN,
centration was observed following troglitazone treatment (P=0.4) or
14 MN, 6 ME, 3 FE; mean age of 7 y, sd 2.5), initial mean SA was
fatty acids treatments at 25μM (P=0.2), 50μM (P=0.8), or 100μM
19.8g/l (sd 4.5) with the lowest recorded SA after diagnosis 17.7g/l
(P=0.7). BCS did not have significant effects on medium concentra-
mean (sd 4.7). 17/38 dogs had concurrent hypoglobulinaemia, 24/37
tions of adiponectin (P=0.4), IL6 (P=0.1), or TNFα (P=0.8). This study
hypocholesterolaemia, 36/38 total and 5/31 ionised hypocalcaemia,
demonstrated higher basal secretion of IL6 from visceral compared to
18/38 total hypomagnesaemia. Serum cobalamin was low in 21/36
subcutaneous adipose tissue, a stimulatory effect of AA on secretion
dogs (58%). According to the treatment algorithm, 2 dogs (5%) were
of IL6 and a stimulatory effect of EPA on TNFα from feline adipose
treated with diet alone, 5 dogs (13%) with diet + antibiotics, 17 dogs
tissue.
(44%) with diet, antibiotics and prednisolone. 14 dogs (36%) subse-
Disclosures
quently needed SLI, which in 10/14 cases was cyclosporine and
No disclosures to report.
4 dogs receiving another SLI (cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate,
chlorambucil). Overall time until SA rose above 20g/l was median
11 days (range 0-136 days) and median follow-up time was 79 days
(range 4-463 days). 8 dogs were deceased by the end of the study
(21%). There was no difference between dogs with and without SLI
regarding clinicopathological data (t-tests, Kruskal Wallis tests). No
correlation between these variables, treatment requirements, time to
normalisation of SA or outcome could be detected. In conclusion,
contrary to previous literature, SLI were not needed in the majority
of dogs with PLE-IBD (24/38 = 63%), which suggests a step-wise
ESVC-O-1
Echocardiographically obtained left-atrial-to-aortic ratio in healthy
dogs: re-evaluation of historic reference intervals
M. Rishniw1, D. Caivano2, D. Dickson3, L. Vatne4, J. Harris5
1
Veterinary Information Network, Davis, United States of America,
2
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy,
3
HeartVets, Porthcawl, United Kingdom, 4AniCura Dyresykehus, Oslo,
Norway, 5Heartvets at Vale Referrals, Dursley, United Kingdom
treatment approach often used in IBD without PLE can be appropri-
Echocardiographic estimates of left atrial (LA) size (indexed to the aorta,
ate in these cases and might lower costs for drugs substantially. In
LA:Ao) continue to be a cornerstone of determining cardiac disease sever-
addition, none of the clinicopathological parameters routinely
ity in dogs and cats. However, reference limits were established from only
assessed in these cases correlated with prognosis or outcome, illus-
36 healthy dogs, and only at a single point in the cardiac cycle. Therefore,
trating the lack of useful markers to predict the clinical course of
we re-examined the reference limits of LA:Ao in a 230 healthy adult dogs
PLE-IBD in dogs.
of various breeds, at 3 points in the cardiac cycle.
ABSTRACTS
1031
Three left atrial measurements were obtained from echocardiographs
method. Levels of agreement between these modalities and intra- and
at end-systole (just prior to mitral valve opening) in the right paraster-
inter-observer variability were calculated.
nal long-axis view, and at end-systole (at aortic valve closure, LAmax),
This single centre, prospective, cross-sectional study was approved
onset of atrial systole (p-wave, LAp) and end-diastole (R-wave, LAmin)
by the local Veterinary Ethical Review Committee. Dogs of various
in the right parasternal short axis view. Three diastolic left ventricular
breeds undergoing anaesthetised thoracic MCTA for various diag-
(LV) dimensions were obtained in the short axis view. Measurements
nostic purposes were enrolled from a previous study on left atrial
were averaged and LA:Ao calculated. The LAmax and LV measure-
volume. Eligible dogs underwent a physical examination including
ments were indexed to bodyweight-adjusted aortic measurements as
blood pressure measurement prior to anaesthesia and cardiac aus-
previously described (wLA, wLV). Dogs were considered to have no
cultation to ensure that no heart murmur was present. Echocardi-
LA enlargement if wLA and/or wLV were within previously established reference intervals. Reference intervals were calculated
nonparametrically.
225 dogs were included in the analysis. Upper reference limits for LA:
Aomax, obtained in both views, were 1.73 (90% CI: 1.67-1.76 for short
axis) and 2.11 (90%CI: 2.07-2.17 for long axis), marginally greater than
originally proposed. 28/225 dogs had LA:Aomax greater than the
short-axis limit of 1.6; 16/225 dogs had LA:Aomax greater than the
long axis limit of 2.05. Upper reference limits for LA:Aomin and LA:Aop
were
1.53
(90%CI:
1.48-1.65)
and
1.71
(90%CI:1.62-1.83),
respectively.
Our study provides more robust reference limits for LA:Ao, obtained
from 2D echocardiographic images, which are marginally larger than
originally proposed.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ography was performed immediately following ECG-gated MCTA.
Measurements of LA:Ao were obtained at end-diastole and endsystole, identified as the frame at the onset of the QRS complex
and the frame immediately after aortic valve closure respectively.
Agreement between LA:Aous and LA:AoMCTA was evaluated using
Bland-Altman analysis and Pearson correlation. Coefficients of variation (CVs) were calculated to quantify intra- and inter-observer
variability.
The correlation between LA:Aous and LA:AoMCTA was moderate at
end-systole (r=0.52, p=0.018), whereas there was no correlation at
end-diastole (p= 0.99). Echocardiography underestimated LA:Ao compared to MCTA at end-systole with a bias of -0.22 (95% limits of
agreement: -0.68 to 0.24). Intra- and inter-observer variability for LA:
Aous and LA:AoMCTA at end-systole and end-diastole were adequate
(CVs<15%).
In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the end-systole measurement of LA:Aous is a superior ratio-metric estimate of LA:Aous than
the end-diastole measurement, but the ratio is underestimated com-
ESVC-O-2
pared to LA:AoMCTA.
Disclosures
Comparison of ECG-gated multi-detector computed tomography
angiography and two-dimensional echocardiographic methods in the
assessment of left atrial size using left atrial-to-aortic root short-axis
ratio in dogs
J. Bouvard, F. Thierry, G. Culshaw, T. Schwarz, M. Longo, Y. MartinezPereira
University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
Left atrial size (LAS) is an important prognostic indicator in canine cardiac diseases. A widely used, unidimensional, echocardiographic
method to estimate LAS is the left atrial to-aortic-root ratio (LA:Ao)
using a short axis plane at the level of the root of the aorta. However,
observer-dependant variability of this ratio has been reported, and
measurements may vary considerably even among highly trained cardiologists. In humans, ECG-gated cross-sectional imaging modalities,
No disclosures to report.
ESVC-O-3
Assessment of left atrial volume in dogs: comparisons of twodimensional and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography with
ECG-gated multi-detector computed tomography angiography
J. Bouvard, F. Thierry, G. Culshaw, T. Schwarz, I. Handel, Y. MartinezPereira
University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
Left atrial size (LAS) aids clinical decision-making in left-sided heart
disease. Left atrial to-aortic-root ratio on short axis view is commonly
used to assess LAS. This unidirectional measurement might not represent changes in other dimensions. Therefore, measurement of LA vol-
such as multi-detector computed tomography angiography (MCTA)
ume (LAV) is recommended for evaluation of LAS. Two-dimensional
are used as reference methods for measuring LAS. MCTA limits cut-
methods such as biplane area length method (ALM) and biplane
plane variability and should therefore provide a more accurate and
method of disks (MOD) can estimate LAV, assuming the LA to be a
reproducible evaluation of left atrial morphology and borders com-
fixed shape. Alternatively, real-time three-dimensional echocardiogra-
pared to echocardiography in dogs.
phy (RT-3DE) measures LAV without geometric assumptions. In veter-
We hypothesized that there is a poor correlation between LA:Ao cal-
inary medicine none of these have been compared with volumetric
culated by echocardiography (LA:Aous) and by ECG-gated MCTA (LA:
gold standard like multi-detector computed tomography angiography
AoMCTA) when aligned to the same right parasternal short axis view.
(MCTA), which correlates well with cardiac magnetic resonance
To investigate this hypothesis, we compared two-dimensional echo-
imaging.
cardiographic and 64-slice ECG-gated MCTA measurements of LA:Ao
We hypothesised that RT-3DE estimation of LAV is more accurate
(LA:Aous and LA:AoMCTA respectively) at end-diastole and end-systole
than ALM and MOD and correlates more strongly, using ECG-gated
in dogs. Measurements of LA:Ao were performed using the Hansson
MCTA as gold standard.
ABSTRACTS
1032
To investigate this hypothesis, we compared maximum and minimum
was determined by micro-CT using 2 different methods and each
LAV (LAVmax and LAVmin respectively), identified as the frame immedi-
compared with actual LVM (aLVM). aLVM was determined by weigh-
ately prior to mitral valve opening and immediatly after mitral valve
ing the left ventricle after dissecting the great vessels, atria and right
closure respectively. ALM, MOD and RT-3DE were compared with
ventricle free wall.
64-slice ECG-gated MCTA in 20 client-owned dogs (9.1-44.5kg;
The method with better agreement with aLVM was then used for
24.99.3). Levels of agreement and intra- and inter-observer variabil-
mass determination in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
ity were calculated.
Method 1 (LVM-M1) was based on short-axis images of the heart,
This single centre, prospective, cross-sectional study was approved by
manually tracing endocardial and epicardial borders in multiple slices
the local Veterinary Ethical Review Committee. Dogs of various
from base to apex. Method 2 (LVM-M2) used automated software to
breeds undergoing anaesthetised thoracic MCTA for various diagnos-
calculate ventricular surface area and volume from 3D reconstructions
tic purposes were enrolled. Eligible dogs underwent a physical exami-
of the whole left ventricle. LVM was obtained in both methods by
nation including blood pressure measurement prior to anaesthesia and
multiplying total volume by myocardial density. Data are reported as
cardiac auscultation to ensure that no heart murmur was present.
mean (95%CI).
Echocardiography immediately followed ECG-gated MCTA.
aLVM from 7 cardiomyopathic hearts (4 HCM, 2 RCM, 1 DCM) was
The agreement between ALM, MOD, RT-3DE and MCTA were evalu-
greater (8.4 g (95%CI 6.0-10.8)) than LVM-M1 (6.8 g (95%CI 4.6-8.9),
ated using Bland-Altman analysis to express bias and 95% limits of
p=.001) and LVM-M2 (6.9 g (95%CI 4.7-9.1), p=.001). LVM-M2 was
agreement (95%LoA). Correlations were calculated along with coeffi-
greater than LVM-M1 (p=0.003). Both methods underestimated LVM
cients of variation (CVs) to quantify intra- and inter-observer
with mean bias of 1.6 g (95% LA 0.04-3.2) for LVM-M1 and 1.5 g
variability.
(95% LA -0.04-3.0) for LVM-M2. LVM-M2 was greater in HCM (n=10)
ALM (r=0.79 and 0.72), MOD(r=0.81 and 0.70) and RT-3DE (r=0.94
than normal cats (n=4) (6.5 g [4.6-9.8] vs 3.5 g [3.3-4.1], p=0.005). The
and 0.82) correlated with MCTA for LAVmax and LAVmin respectively
regression equation to predict aLVM from LVM-M2 was 0.87
(all p<0.05). Biases for LAVmax (-0.96mL, (95%LoA: [-5.6–3.7]) and
(aLVM)-0.40.
LAVmin (-0.67mL, (95%LoA: [-5.4–4.1]) were minimal with 3D-RTE,
Micro-CT can be used to determine LVM, although underestimated
reflecting
MOD
aLVM by approximately 2% in our study. This may be attributable to
(LAVmaxbias=3.19mL, 95% LoA: [-5.7–12.1]; LAVmin=1.96mL, 95%
tissue preparation technique or mass determination calculation
LoA: [-4.6–8.5]) and ALM (LAVmaxbias=4.05, 95%LoA: [-5.7–13.8];
factors.
LAVmin=2.80mL, 95%LoA: [-3.9–9.5]) systematically overestimated
Disclosures
LAV. Intra- and inter-observer variability for LAVmax and LAVmin were
Disclosures to report.
adequate using ALM, MOD, RT-3DE and MCTA (CVs<15%).
This study was funded by the ECVIM-CA Clinical Studies Fund JCH,
In conclusion, assessment of LAV with RT-3DE is a simple, non-inva-
ICS and OJA are funded by National Institute for Health Research
a
systematic
underestimation.
Conversely,
sive, accurate and feasible method for measuring LAS that has supe-
(NIHR), MRC, RCR and Great Ormond Street Hospital Children’s Char-
rior accuracy to ALM and MOD in dogs without cardiac disease.
ity and NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre PGC is funded by
Disclosures
Fundació Daniel Bravo i Andreu.
No disclosures to report.
ESVC-O-5
ESVC-O-4
Post mortem assessment of left ventricular mass by micro-computed
tomography in feline cardiomyopathic hearts
ECG-gated computed tomography angiography of pulmonic stenosis
in 31 dogs
N.J. Beijerink1, G. Benedictus2, E. Newfield1, H. Laurendet1, M. Makara1
The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia, 2Utrecht University,
Utrecht, Netherlands
J. Novo Matos1, J.C. Hutchinson2, I.C. Simcock2, P. Garcia-Canadilla3,
M.J. Dobromylskyj4, A. Cook3, O.J. Arthurs2, V. Luis Fuentes1
1
Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom, 2Great Ormond
Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom, 3UCL Institute of
Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom, 4Finn Pathologists, Norfolk, United Kingdom
1
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a post mortem imaging
plasty. Most dogs have valvular PS (with or without annular hypopla-
modality that provides high-resolution three-dimensional imaging,
sia), but some Bulldogs can have subvalvular PS that is associated
which could be a useful tool in imaging cardiomyopathies. Left ven-
with an aberrant coronary artery (CA). If an aberrant CA is suspected,
tricular mass (LVM) is an important variable in cardiomyopathy classi-
balloon valvuloplasty might be contraindicated. ECG-gated computed
fication and this prospective cross-sectional study aimed to assess
tomography angiography (CTA) can be a complementary minimally-
LVM by micro-CT in cats undergoing routine necropsy.
invasive way in early planning of interventional treatment. The aim of
Hearts were excised, formalin-fixed and immersed in potassium tri-
this prospective observational study was therefore to report CTA
iodide (I2KI) for 48 hours. Whole heart micro-CT scans were recon-
finding prior to balloon valvuloplasty.
structed into an isotropic volume allowing virtual dissections of the
A total of 31 dogs (of which 3 Australian, 3 English, and 4 French Bull-
feline hearts in any plane, (mean cohort voxel size 24 microns). LVM
dogs) diagnosed with PS aged 3 to 114 months and weighing 2.1 to
Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is a common congenital cardiac disease in dogs.
Accurate sizing of the pulmonic annulus, routinely performed with
intraoperative angiography, is essential for successful balloon valvulo-
ABSTRACTS
1033
27.5 kg were enrolled: all dogs were planned to undergo possible bal-
ventricular pacing. When the AP was localized, radiofrequency energy
loon valvuloplasty under the same anaesthetic directly after CTA. The
was delivered by a conventional generator and the procedure was
contrast medium injection protocol was individually tailored with total
considered successful if no recurrence was noted 45 minutes post-
injection time equaling the sum of diagnostic scan delay and scan
ablation.
duration. First, 1 ml/kg undiluted contrast medium (350 mgI/ml) was
A total of 83 APs were identified (92.1% single; 7.9% multiple), of which
administered for two thirds of the total injection time, directly fol-
96.4% were right-sided and 3.6% left-sided. In 68.7% of the cases, con-
lowed by 2 ml/kg of 1:1 diluted contrast medium for one third of the
duction along the AP was unidirectional and retrograde, while bidirec-
total injection time. The CT scan was triggered manually under a single
tional in 31,3%. Retrograde decremental properties were noted in 6%
breath hold when the contrast bolus reached the descending aorta.
of the cases. The APs mediated orthodromic AVRT in 92.1% of the
In all dogs, the sagittal plane of the images was optimized for visuali-
cases, and permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia in 6.5%. In
zation of the pulmonic annulus and compared to the aortic annulus in
one case, AVRT was not inducible. In 97.4% of dogs, RFCA was
the transverse plain. Ten dogs (32%) were considered to have annular
attempted with a 100% short-term success rate. Within 18 months,
hypoplasia (aortic annulus: pulmonic annulus > 1.2). The CAs could be
recurrence of tachycardia occurred in 6.6% of cases, followed by a sec-
assessed in all dogs, and 6 dogs had an aberrant CA detected (4 dogs
ond successful ablation. No mortality was observed and major compli-
with a single right coronary ostium with prepulmonic left CA, 3 Bull-
cations (pacemaker implantation) were identified in 2.6% of dogs.
dogs and 1 Chihuahua; 2 dogs with a single left coronary ostium with
This study showed that, not only AP distribution and characteristics in
prepulmonic right CA, 1 Bulldog and 1 German Shorthair Pointer). A
dogs are similar to what has been previously reported but also that
total of 27 dogs (all except 4 of the dogs with an aberrant CA) subse-
the success and complication rates of RFCA appear similar to humans.
quently underwent balloon valvuloplasty, and in all these dogs the
RFCA should be considered the first line therapy in dogs, as it can be
suspected PS morphology could be confirmed with fluoroscopy.
performed with a high success rate and low incidence of
In conclusion, CTA is a is a complementary quick and minimally-
complications.
invasive diagnostic method that may provide additional relevant
Disclosures
information on sizing of the pulmonic ostium and assessment of CA
No disclosures to report.
anatomy prior to balloon valvuloplasty. Non-Bulldogs can also have an
aberrant CA as part of the pathophysiology of PS.
ESVC-O-7
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
Breed does not affect the association between murmur intensity and
disease severity in dogs with pulmonic or subaortic stenosis
ESVC-O-6
M. Rishniw1, D. Caivano2, D. Dickson3, S. Swift4, C. Rouben4, S. Dennis5,
C. Sammarco6, J. Lustgarten6, I. Ljungvall7
1
Veterinary Information Network, Davis, United States of America,
2
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy,
3
HeartVets, Porthcawl, United Kingdom, 4Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America, 5Hope Veterinary Specialists, Malvern, United States of America,
6
Compassion First Pets, Tinton Falls, United States of America, 7Department of Clinical Sciences, University Animal Hospital, Swedish University,
Uppsala, Sweden
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways in the dog:
the Italian experience (2008-2016)
R.A. Santilli, M. Mateos Panero, D.M. Porteiro Vasquez, A. Perini,
M. Perego
Clinica veterinaria malpensa, Samarate, Italy
Accessory pathways (APs) are extra-nodal muscular bundles that connect atrial and ventricular myocardium. In dogs, APs are mostly right-
Previous studies have demonstrated that murmur intensity is associ-
sided, with non-decremental conduction, and mediate atrioventricular
ated with stenosis severity in dogs with pulmonic and aortic stenosis.
reciprocating tachycardias (AVRT). Radiofrequency catheter ablation
However, anecdotally, some breeds provide challenges to ausculta-
(RFCA) is the first line therapy in people and veterinary medicine data
tion, while others are easily auscultated. Cardiologists have suggested
suggest that it can be safe and successful in dogs. The objective of this
that this could affect the interpretation of murmur intensity in esti-
study is to confirm the anatomical distribution of APs and their elec-
mating disease severity – dogs that are difficult to auscult would be
trophysiologic characteristics in a large canine population and to eval-
expected to have more severe disease than their murmur intensity
uate long-term success and complication rates of RFCA.
suggests, while dogs that are easily auscultated would be expected to
Records of 76 dogs were retrospectively reviewed. All dogs presented
have less severe disease than their murmur intensity suggests, espe-
clinical signs or electrocardiographic evidence of ventricular pre-
cially at the ends of the murmur scale. We retrospectively examined
excitation (VPE) and/or AVRT. After physical examination, 12-lead
murmur intensity in 1065 dogs with pulmonic or aortic stenosis, pre-
ECG, thoracic radiography, and echocardiogram, electrophysiological
senting to 7 cardiology centers, and evaluated the effect of breed on
mapping was performed. Presence and location of APs, conduction
ability to predict disease severity.
pattern, refractory period of AP and AV node, type of inducible supra-
Breeds represented by 10 or more individuals were used to examine
ventricular arrhythmia, and cycle length of inducible AVRT were con-
breed effect: 131 dogs, representing 5 breeds, had soft murmurs;
sidered. The presence of APs was confirmed by the presence of VPE
123 dogs, representing 7 breeds had moderate murmurs; 179 dogs,
during sinus rhythm or atrial pacing and/or the presence of rapid
representing 9 breeds, had loud murmurs and 284 dogs, representing
ventriculo-atrial activation during supraventricular tachycardia or
11 breeds, had palpable murmurs. We found no association between
ABSTRACTS
1034
breed and disease severity at any level of murmur intensity. Power
could be explained by severe myocardial remodeling, and these find-
analyses suggested that we should have detected at least a moderate
ings might be hard to detect preoperatively because of regurgitation.
effect if one existed. Nine dogs with soft murmurs had more-than-
These results suggest that MVR should be recommended earlier for
mild stenoses, and were of various breeds, not usually associated with
CKCSs compared with other breeds to minimize LV systolic dysfunc-
auscultation difficulty.
tion and dilation after surgery.
Our data suggest that, despite perceived difficulties in auscultating
Disclosures
certain breeds, such issues do not affect clinicians’ ability to estimate
No disclosures to report.
disease severity.
Disclosures
ESVC-O-9
No disclosures to report.
Iron deficiency assessment in dogs with chronic heart failure
ESVC-O-8
H. Takano, K. Takamura, K. Mamada, M. Uechi
JASMINE Veterinary Cardiovascular Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
A. Betschart1, M. Baron Toaldo2, F. Dondi2, I. Vannini3, A. Kovacevic4,
B. Riond1, M. Wenger3, S. Burckhardt5, T. Glaus1
1
Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 2Department
of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,
3
Bessy's Kleintierklinik AG, Watt, Switzerland, 4Department of Internal
Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 5Vifor
Pharma, Glattbrugg, Switzerland
Mitral valve repair (MVR) can be considered as a treatment option for
In humans suffering from chronic heart failure (CHF) iron deficiency is
severe myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs, and significant car-
a common comorbidity and intravenous iron therapy significantly
diac reverse remodeling (CRR) after a repair has been reported.
improves exercise capacity and quality of life. Consequently, the
Although predisposed breeds and the breed-specific progression of
European Society of Cardiology Guidelines (2016) recommend intra-
this disease have been investigated, the breed characteristics and the
venous iron therapy in symptomatic patients with CHF and iron defi-
outcome of cardiac reverse remodeling for MVR remain unclear. We
ciency defined as serum ferritin <100 μg/L, or ferritin between
hypothesized that there is a difference in breed characteristics in CRR
100–299 μg/L and transferrin saturation <20%. In dogs it is unknown
for MVR, and some insights for suitable surgical timing can be
if iron deficiency is a comparable comorbidity requiring supplementa-
obtained.
tion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the iron status
The consecutive medical records of 117 dogs that underwent MVR
in dogs at various stages of chronic heart failure.
between November 2016 and July 2017 at JASMINE Veterinary Car-
In this multicenter, prospective case-control study, in 2017 75 dogs
diovascular Medical Center were reviewed. Breed; age; sex; body
with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease (MMVD) and Dilated Cardio-
weight; heart failure classification; presence of coughing; vertebral
myopathy (DCM) Chief Class B2 to C3 were included and compared
heart sum (VHS); pre- and postoperative echocardiographic parame-
to 25 healthy dogs. The disease stage was based on clinical, radiologic
ters including left atrial and ventricular sizes, fractional shortening
and echocardiographic examinations. Cardiovascular integrity of the
(FS), and severity of regurgitation; and number of cardiac medications
control group was based
used were obtained. Postoperative examination was performed
on anamnesis, clinical examination and echocardiography. Laboratory
1 month after surgery. The dogs were divided into three groups—
examinations included biochemical analysis and complete blood count
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs), Chihuahuas, and all dogs—and
including RET-HE; iron status was assessed based on serum iron, ferri-
parameters were compared amongst the groups.
tin, TSAT and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). Non-parametric tests
A total of 99 dogs were included in the analysis, after the exclusion of
were used for statistical analysis. With increasing severity of heart
10 dogs that died before the 1-month postoperative review, 6 dogs
failure serum iron (p=0.002) and TSAT significantly decreased
with missing data, and 2 dogs that underwent secondary surgery. The
(p=0.026); medium and range of TSAT were 35% (21-63%, n=25) in
overall survival rate 1 month after surgery was 91.5%. In multiple
healthy controls, 36% (5-85%, n=39) in class B2, 33% (19-67%, n=17)
comparison analysis, the CKCSs were significantly younger, had higher
in C1, 33% (10-38%, n=15) in C2, and 28% (11-39%, n=4) in C3. Spe-
body weight, preoperative VHS, postoperative normalized left ventric-
cifically, dogs in C2 had significantly lower TSAT compared to healthy
ular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, and had lower postoper-
controls (p = 0.007) and dogs in B2 (p = 0.002). No differences were
ative FS compared amongst the groups. Although the pre- and
observed in TIBC (p=0.098), ferritin (p=0.81) and RET-HE (p=0.5).
postoperative number of cardiac medications in the CKCSs tended to
Decreasing serum iron concentration and TSAT support the hypothe-
be high, no significant difference was observed amongst the groups.
sis that iron deficiency may be present in dogs with heart failure. Nor-
Although the heart failure classification did not differ amongst the
mal ferritin does not rule out iron deficiency; TSAT is considered a
groups, the CKCSs were significantly younger than the dogs in the
more reliable diagnostic marker in humans suffering from CHF,
other groups. Therefore, the progression of mitral regurgitation is con-
because of inflammatory mediators affecting ferritin. RET-HE, a newer
sidered to have occurred at an earlier age in the CKCSs and this find-
parameter considered sensitive to assess iron status in humans and
ing is consistent with previous reports. Stronger postoperative
dogs, was not affected by the degree of heart failure in our dogs.
irreversible cardiac dilation and systolic dysfunction observed in the
In conclusion, this study provides some evidence for iron deficiency as
CKCSs amongst the groups, with a similar reduction of regurgitation,
comorbidity in dogs with advancing heart failure. However, it is
Breed characteristics in cardiac reverse remodeling and left
ventricular systolic function after mitral valve repair in dogs
ABSTRACTS
1035
difficult to assess if also in dogs this affects quality of life. Therefore,
significantly decreased after trazodone (pre-trazodone: 131 mmHg;
routine screening for iron deficiency in heart failure dogs and iron sup-
post-trazodone: 107 mmHg; P = 0.0005) with no significant change in
plementation may not be recommended at this time.
heart rate.
Disclosures
The results of this study suggest that trazodone is well tolerated and
Disclosures to report.
may aid in obtaining transthoracic echocardiograms. Trazodone signif-
-Angela Betschart is a former employee of Vifor Pharma -Susanna
icantly lowers systemic blood pressure without affecting heart rate or
Burckhardt is an employee of Vifor Pharma -The study was partially
echocardiographic variables in healthy cats.
funded by an unrestricted research grant from Vifor Pharma - Moni-
Disclosures
que Wenger is married to Tony Glaus.
No disclosures to report.
ESVC-O-10
ESVC-O-11
Effects of oral trazodone on echocardiographic and hemodynamic
measurements in healthy cats
Prevalence of hypersomatotropism in non-diabetic cats with left
ventricular hypertrophy - a silent and curable phenocopy for
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
R. Fries, S. Kadotani, D. Schaeffer
University of Illinois, Urbana, United States of America
sive evaluations and limit diagnostic testing of cats. Oral anxiolytic
D.J. Connolly1, J.R. Payne2, K. Borgeat2, D.B. Church1, M. Steele1,
P. Coss2, S.J.M. Niessen1
1
Royal Veterinary college, Hatfield, United Kingdom, 2Langford Referrals
University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
drugs are available by prescription; however, all have disadvantages
Hypersomatotropism (HS) causes reversible left ventricular hypertro-
limiting their usefulness. Recently, oral trazodone administered to cats
phy (LVH) in humans and cats. The estimated prevalence of HS among
Stress and transportation for veterinary visits can impact comprehen-
prior to a veterinary visit decreased anxiety greater than placebo and
UK diabetic cats is 26–32%, however recently HS has also been iden-
was well tolerated. While trazodone is a promising drug for reducing
tified in non-diabetic cats. Given the high prevalence of feline hyper-
veterinary care related anxiety in cats, its effects on echocardio-
trophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) at 14.7% which, similar to HS
graphic and hemodynamic variables are unknown. The purpose of this
increases with age and given that to date only two HCM associated
study was to evaluate the effects of oral trazodone on echocardio-
mutations have been identified; we hypothesise that HS may be an
graphic variables, heart rate, and blood pressure in healthy cats.
important phenocopy of HCM in the non-diabetic feline population. If
Client-owned domestic cats between 3 and 8 years of age were
identified, treatment of HS can cure the cardiomyopathy.
recruited. Cats were considered healthy on the basis of physical exam-
The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of HS in a popu-
ination, complete blood count, blood chemistry profile, urinalysis, total
lation of UK non-diabetic cats with LVH and therefore presumptively
thyroid level, non-invasive blood pressure measurement by Doppler
diagnosed with HCM.
method, and a screening transthoracic echocardiogram with simulta-
Sixty six cats previously diagnosed with HCM at two referral hospitals
neous electrocardiogram. Cats were discharged from the hospital after
were included retrospectively. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of
screening evaluation and returned for a separate visit within one
HCM by a cardiology diplomate based on a left ventricular wall thickness
week. A physical examination, baseline echocardiogram, and blood
in diastole > 6mm by echocardiography. Hypertension (BP>150 mmHg),
pressure measurement were performed prior to trazodone administra-
hyperthyroidism (serum TT4) and other causes of LVH such as aortic ste-
tion. Echocardiographic variables assessed included left ventricular
nosis were excluded. Cats were considered non-diabetic based on nor-
internal diameter in systole and diastole, interventricular and left ven-
mal blood glucose and/or fructosamine concentration or absence of
tricular free wall thickness in systole and diastole, left atrial size, left
glycosuria. Serum IGF-1 concentration was measured in duplicate on
auricular function, and left ventricular diastolic function assessed by
residual samples frozen at -80oC for a maximum of 5 years using a vali-
spectral Doppler transmitral and pulmonary venous flow velocities
dated radioimmunoassay; HS was defined as a mean IGF-1 concentra-
and tissue Doppler profiles. Subsequently, 50 mg of trazodone was
tion of > 1000ng/ml (positive predictive value for HS 95%).
administered orally to each cat. After 90 to 120 minutes, physical
IGF-1 concentrations ranged from 25-1179ng/ml with a mean+/-SD
examination, echocardiography, and blood pressure measurements
of 539.2 +/- 230.4. Four cats had serum IGF-1 concentrations consis-
were repeated. Mean echocardiographic and hemodynamic variables
tent with HS (1179, 1131, 1106 and 1051ng/ml). Of these, two cats
were calculated for pre-trazodone and post-trazodone exams for each
presented with LVH, dilated atria with spontaneous contrast, pleural
cat. Pre-trazodone and post-trazodone variables were coded as sepa-
effusion and complex arrhythmias. Both cats had evidence of reduced
rate groups and data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA
motion and thinning of one segment of the left ventricular free wall. A
with significance set at P < 0.05.
third cat presented with LVH, an enlarged left atrium with spontane-
Twelve healthy cats were evaluated. Mean time for repeated evalua-
ous contrast and pulmonary oedema and the final cat with a murmur
tion after trazodone was 96.3 minutes and mean trazodone dose was
LVH and a normal sized left atrium.
10.7 mg/kg (minimum 7.9 mg/kg; maximum 16.6 mg/kg). Trazodone
A prevalence of HS of 6% was established in a cohort of UK non-
was safely administered and a sedative effect was observed in all cats.
diabetic cats initially diagnosed with HCM. It is estimated that there
There were no significant differences in any echocardiographic vari-
are over 1 million cats in the UK with HCM; these results suggest that
ables after trazodone administration. Mean blood pressure was
over 60,000 of them in fact suffer from HS-induced cardiomyopathy,
ABSTRACTS
1036
due to excess growth hormone and IGF-1. This has significant clinical
affected cats was MYH6. There were no correlation between breeds
impact since medical and surgical management of HS can lead to reso-
and the variants described.
lution of LVH and restoration of health.
Disclosures
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
Disclosures to report.
Financial support from the Spanish Cardiology Society (Sociedad espa-
This study was supported by an ECVIM Clinical Studies Fund grant.
ñola de cardiología).
ESVC-O-12
ESVC-O-13
New genetic variants of MYH6 gene were associated with sporadic
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats
Discovery of novel biomarkers for cardiomyopathies in cats with
congestive heart failure
P. Sebastian1, C. Gil2, J. Talavera-Lopez1, J.R. Gimeno-Blanes3,
M. Sabater-Molina2, M.J. Fernández del Palacio1
1
Veterinary Hospital University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain, 2Laboratory of
Genetics Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain, 3Hospital Virgen de la
Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
M.M. Liu1, P.D. Eckersall1, V. Mrljak2, A. Horvatic2, N. Guillemin2,
L.S. Köster1, A.T. French1
1
The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2Laboratory for
Proteomics, ERA Chair Project VetMedZg, University of Zagreb, Zagreb,
Croatia
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiomy-
Cardiomyopathies (CM) are the most common heart diseases in cats.
opathy in cats and humans. It is a heterogeneous genetic heart disease
The disease presentations are variable; prediction of disease course is
characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of
difficult, particularly due to a lack of knowledge of underlying patho-
another disease that could explain the wall thickening. It is considered
genesis. Congestive heart failure (CHF) and arterial thromboembolism
a familial disease with autosomal dominant transmission. In humans,
are common late consequences associated with feline cardiomyopa-
more than 1500 causative mutations, mainly from 11 sarcomeric
thies. In this study, by using proteomic techniques we aimed to identify
genes have been associated with HCM. In cats, only two causal muta-
novel serum biomarkers for feline primary cardiomyopathies with con-
tions affecting the myosin protein binding C (MYBPC3) gene have
gestive heart failure. The findings may aid understanding disease patho-
been described (A31P in Maine Coons and R820W in Ragdolls). The
genesis and assist in disease diagnosis, prognosis and management.
aim of the study was: a) to identify possible causative mutations that
The study population comprised 15 cats diagnosed with CHF and CM,
could be associated with HCM in different breeds by next generation
5 cats with asymptomatic CM and 15 healthy cats. Serum proteomic
sequencing and b) to explore the relationship between genotype and
profiles of these different cat groups were obtained by using liquid
phenotype.
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques. The Wil-
Nine cats with HCM (5.44.1 years, 77.8% males; 4Persian, 3Domes-
coxon test and Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis
tic shorthair, 1Sphynx and 1Chartreux) and 6 controls (3.81.8 years,
on differential protein expressions. In total 28 serum proteins were
33,3% males, 2Persian, 1Domestic shorthair, 2Maine Coon and 1Nor-
found differentially expressed between CHF and healthy control cats.
wegian Forest) were included. HCM was defined as LVH ≥6mm, when
Seventeen proteins were upregulated in CHF, mainly involved in lipo-
other causes of LVH were excluded. DNA was extracted from periph-
protein metabolism, inflammation and coagulation pathways. Apolipo-
eral blood sample (left-over from routine haematology sample). A cus-
proteins, acute phase protein ceruloplasmin, prothrombin, platelet
tomized panel of 18 genes associated with HCM (ACTC1, DES, FLNC,
factor 4 and serine protease inhibitors were significantly higher in
GLA, LAMP2, MYBPC3, MYH7, MYH6, MYL2, MYL3, PLN, PRKAG2,
CHF cats compared with healthy controls (P<0.05). Ten proteins were
PTPN11, TNNC1, TNNI3, TNNT2, TPM1, TTR) was sequenced by
downregulated in CHF. Tetranectin, a protein regulating fibrinolysis
next generation sequencing. The variants were classified as patho-
and proteolysis was significantly lower in CHF cats compared with
genic when they were no present in control population and were in
healthy controls (P<0.05). In human medicine this biomarker has
conserved domains.
recently been associated with coronary artery disease. Subsequent
In the affected cats, 7 new causal variants, and 1 previously described
bioinformatics analysis (Gene Ontology) predicted 21 best candidate
(FLNC p.T440M rs785588805 - dbSNP-), not present in the controls,
biomarkers, which were primarily associated with extracellular matrix
were identified. 5/8 variants were missense (MYH6: p.A1398T, p.
organization and metabolism.
A1438T; DES: p.A430P; FLNC: p.T440M; TNNT2: p.F126C) and 3/8
These results suggest systemic inflammation, coagulation abnormali-
affected splicing (MYH6: c.1411-4G>A; MYBPC3 c.1882+4A>C;
ties and extracellular matrix remodelling occur in feline cardiomyopa-
FLNC: c.2187+4A>C). All affected cats were carriers at least of one
thies particularly with CHF. Identification of these biomarkers
variant, 7 of them were carriers of one variant in MYH6.
provides new insights for feline cardiomyopathy research.
Signalment, clinical findings at diagnosis (asymptomatic, congestive
Disclosures
heart failure, cardiac murmur) and the echocardiographic phenotypes
Disclosures to report.
of affected cats such as, basilar septal bulge (1/9), obstructive HCM
This study was funded by the Veterinary Fund Small Grant Scheme at
(4/9) heterogeneous hypertrophy (5/9) and false tendons (5/9) were
the University of Glasgow, UK. The proteomic work and bioinformat-
independent of variants detected.
ics analysis were conducted in the Laboratory for Proteomics, ERA
In conclusion, this study describes heterogeneous novel variants in
Chair Project VetMedZg, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary
new genes associated with HCM in cats. The main gen involved in the
Medicine.
ABSTRACTS
ESVC-O-14
1037
All dogs had an, echocardiographic examination at baseline.
NTproBNP was measured at baseline and after exercise. GSD were
Effect of breed and signalment on N-terminal Prohormone of Brain
Natriuretic Peptide concentrations measured by ELISA in healthy
cats and comparison to a point of care test
S. Hanås1, B.S. Holst1, J. Häggström1, K. Höglund1, A. Tidholm2,
I. Ljungvall1
1
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 2Anicura
Albano Animal Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Causes of plasma variations in the cardiac biomarker B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) have not been fully evaluated in healthy
cats. The objectives were to investigate effect of breed and other signalment variables on NT-proBNP concentrations in healthy cats using
quantitative ELISA and to compare with a point of care test (POC).
100 healthy cats; 33 Birman, 35 Norwegian Forest and 32 Domestic
exercised for 10 minutes in protection training activities, i.e. high
intensity interval training, while the SH were running continuously for
10 minutes with a biker attached. After two months of scheduled
training NTproBNP levels were reassessed under the same conditions.
Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis, and data are
reported as median [range].
At baseline, normalized LV diameter in diastole (LVDDN) (1.60
[1.49-1.76] versus 1.43 [1.29-1.69], p = 0.014) and NTproBNP
(410 [211-2685] versus 111 [18-611] pmol/l, p = 0.010) were higher
in SH than in GSH. Both groups showed a similar significant increase
of NTproBNP (ΔBNP) after physical exercise (ΔBNP SH 85 [-7-272],
p = 0.032, GSH 60 [20-147], p = 0.004). The increase between groups
was not different. After two months of training, NTproBNP levels at
Shorthair cats were included. Absence of heart disease and other sig-
rest were similar compared to baseline, but still higher in SH than in
nificant diseases was ensured by physical examination, measurement
GSD (p = 0.017). After exercise ΔBNP was higher in SH, but not sig-
of systolic blood pressure, echocardiography, hematology and blood
nificantly (292 [62-1394], p 0.453), whereas it was lower, but not sig-
biochemistry. NT-proBNP concentrations were analysed by ELISA at a
nificantly, in GSD (ΔBNP -73 [-244-162], p = 0.212). The exercised
reference laboratory. The POC test was analysed by visual inspection
induced change between the groups was significant (p = 0.007).
and an automated method, considered “positive” if ≥100 pmol/l. Data
In conclusion NTproBNP levels were higher in SH compared to GSD,
was analysed using non-parametric tests and regression analyses. NT-
training and exercise affected NTproBNP in dogs, but this depended
proBNP concentration for all cats was 12 pmol/l (IQR 12-31) and
on intensity of training and type of exercise. Echocardiographically SH
there was no significant effect of body weight or age on the NT-
had larger hearts than GSD and if higher NTproBNP reflects higher
proBNP concentration. Median concentration of NT-proBNP was
wall tension, eccentric hypertrophy in these athletic dogs may be a
twice as high in male (25 pmol/l, IQR 12-49) compared to in female
sign of inappropriate compensatory hypertrophy. Alternatively, other
cats (12 pmol/l, IQR 12-25.5) P = 0.0072. Three cats had ≥100 pmol/l
factors like excitability and excitation associated with manipulation or
with the ELISA, two of them were positive using visual inspection of
upcoming exercise may cause mild transient increase in wall tension.
the POC test. One cat with titre 155 pmol/l and 4 with lower titres
Disclosures
< 100 were positive when the POC test was automatically analysed.
Disclosures to report.
Sex, but not breed, body weight or age, influenced NT-proBNP con-
- The study was partially financed by IDEXX Diavet AG, Switzerland. -
centrations in healthy cats. Visual inspection of the POC test showed
The study was partially financed by the Swiss Armed Forces.
higher agreement with ELISA compared to using automated analysis.
Disclosures
ESVC-O-16
No disclosures to report.
ESVC-O-15
Evaluation of NT-proBNP-levels in sport dogs after immediate
physical activity and after an intense two months training session
Interest of a cardiac troponin I using a bedside analyzer for clinical
orientation in dogs with mitral insufficiency and/or dyspnea
F. Serres
ONCOVET, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
Diagnostic investigation of an heart murmur or dyspnea in dogs
F. Ivasovic, T. Glaus, J. Novo Matos
Vetsuisse Fakultät, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
requires diagnostic imaging procedures, thoracic radiographic exami-
Cardiac biomarkers like N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
a high cumulative cost. In asymptomatic dogs with mitral valve dis-
(NTproBNP) are used as a diagnostic tool for the clinical assessment
ease, dogs with cardiac enlargement require CUS and sometimes
of heart diseases in dogs, but this parameter is influenced by extracar-
treatments, whereas dogs without cardiac enlargement do not. Dogs
diac factors. In humans, different types of physical activity, duration
with dyspnea of cardiac origins will benefit from CUS whereas in dogs
of training and pre-training physical condition have all been shown to
with “non-cardiac” dyspnea, TRE will be more informative. The use of
affect NTproBNP. The aim of this study was to compare NTproBNP
cardiac biomarkers for patient stratification is a proposed option for
levels of two dog breeds before and after different physical activity
accelerating diagnostic process and limiting diagnostic procedures
and training.
costs. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a biomarker of myocardial damage
In this prospective cohort study, seven untrained German shepherd
and can be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The main lim-
dogs (GSD) entering the military service and seven Scandinavian
itation of cTnI in veterinary cardiology is the lack of bedside analyzer
hounds (SH) used for competitive racing were examined. The latter
and the high lower detection limit of some analyzer. The aim of this
underwent a three week training pause before entering into the study.
study was to evaluate the interest of a highly sensitive cTnI bedside
nation (TRE) or cardiac ultrasound (CUS). Those procedures represent
ABSTRACTS
1038
analyzer to categorize patient in a prospectively recruited population
ECG and at end-diastole, one frame before closure of the mitral valve.
of dogs with mitral insufficiency and/or dyspnea.
Using those variables we assessed complete, passive and active LA
A population of 86 dogs in which CUS and TRE were performed, were
function as previously described. Pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging
prospectively recruited in an observational cross-sectional study. A
(PW-TDI) of the left ventricular longitudinal myocardial velocity asso-
measurement of cTnI was performed using a highly sensitive bedside
ciated with atrial contraction (A’), both at the level of the interventri-
analyzer (MiniVidas Biomerieux). An additional population of 21 dogs
cular septum and the LV free wall, were also used as an indicator of
without cardio-pulmonary symptoms and with normal CUS was pro-
LA function.
spectively included as a control group.
Of the all variables assessed, TDI A’ of the septum and TDI A’ of the
Fifty-eight dogs presented with mitral insufficiency (MI), correspond-
free LA wall were significantly increased after pimobendan administra-
ing to ACVIM classification B1 (n= 29), B2 (n=10), C (n=14) and D
tion (p <0.01 and p= 0.04 respectively), whereas LA complete EF was
(n=5). Over the same period, 28 dogs with non-cardiac dyspnea were
significantly decreased after treatment (p=0.03). None of the other
recruited, corresponding mostly to inflammatory/infectious disease
variables assessing the LA function or LA size, were significantly dif-
(n=13) or pulmonary neoplasia (n=8).
ferent between pre and post pimobendan administration. The velocity
Cardiac Troponine I values were significantly lower in dogs with
of mitral valve regurgitation was significantly increased (p= 0.01) post
ACVIM B1 MI and control group, compared to ACVIM B2 and symp-
institution of pimobendan treatment.
tomatic (C-D) dogs with MI (p<0,01). Dogs with non-cardiac dyspnea
Estimates of LA function by TDI A’ in dogs with MVD improves after
presented with significantly lower cTnI compared to symptomatic
treatment with pimobendan suggesting an effect of this drug on LA
(C-D) dogs with MI (p<0,01). In dogs with asymptomatic MI, a cut-off
function although it is difficult to separate its effect from improve-
value of 58 ng/L identifies dogs with cardiac enlargement with a sen-
ments in left ventricle function. The decrease in LA complete EF may
sibility and specificity of 100% and 79%, respectively. In dogs with
reflect reduced mitral regurgitant fraction. Despite reduction in LV
dyspnea, a cut-off value of 53 ng/L identifies dogs with cardiac dis-
size, we did not document decreased LA size in the short time-course
ease with a sensibility and specificity of 89% and 60%, respectively.
of this study.
This study suggests that cTni Could be proposed as a screening test in
Disclosures
dogs with MI or dyspnea, and particularly as an exclusion test when a
No disclosures to report.
highly sensitive bedside analyzer is used.
Disclosures
ESVC-O-18
Disclosures to report.
Analyzer and furnitures for cTnI measurement were provided by
BioMerieux.
ESVC-O-17
Effect of pimobendan on left atrial function in dogs with stage B2
myxomatous mitral valve disease
The misuse (overdose) of pimobendan may potentially induce
myocardial fatigue in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
J. Lee1, H. Ahn1, W. Kim2, S.Y. Jeoung3, J. Ah4
1
Korea Animal Speciality Medical Institute, Seongnam, South-Korea,
2
Columbia University, New York, United States of America, 3Gangnam
Animal Clinic, Chuncheon, South-Korea, 4VIP Animal Medical Center,
Seoul, South-Korea
F. Sarcinella1, J. Neves2, L. Bode1, H. Hodgkiss-Geere1, J. DukesMcEwan1
1
University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom, 2Willows Veterinary
Centre, Solihull, United Kingdom
Off-label use of pimobendan may be considered for management of
Left atrial (LA) function is an important determinant of left ventricular
study is to evaluate the potential effect of overdosing of pimobendan
(LV) filling and plays a key role in maintaining an optimal cardiac per-
on cardiotoxicity with home-based chronic therapy in myxomatous
formance. LA size is negatively associated with the prognosis of dogs
mitral valve disease (MMVD).
with mitral valve disease (MVD). Pimobendan is a phosphodiesterase
In referred dogs with MMVD, eight client-owned dogs have been
III inhibitor with positive inotropic and vasodilator effects and it has
treated with a regimen of overdose of pimobendan (case patients;
been reported to decreases the LA pressure and the overall heart size
0.9~2.7mg/kg daily for 60~240 days). Among patients treated with a
in dogs with MVD. Based on the EPIC study, dogs with stage B2
recommended dosage of pimobendan (0.4~0.6mg/kg daily for
MVD have been shown to benefit from administration of pimoben-
60~345 days), controls (n=12) were selected based on matching vari-
dan. This study sought to investigate the effects of Pimobendan on
ables such as signalment/medical history, physical examination find-
LA function in dogs with stage B2 MVD.
ings, and severity of CHF. For the initial analysis of homogeneity
Twenty dogs with stage B2 MVD were retrospectively included. Left
between case and control groups, comprehensive blood test profile
atrial function was assessed prior to and 1-6 months after starting
(CBC, serum biochemistry, NT-proBNP, SDMA), electrocardiographic,
pimobendan. For each dog, 2-dimensional echocardiographs from
radiographic, and echocardiographic data were collected. Serum car-
right parasternal long axis 4 chamber view optimised for the LA was
diac troponin I (cTnI) and QTc interval values (formula of Van de
recorded to assess LA diameter and volume (Simpson’s method) for
Water) were compared between groups. In addition, these two end-
each phase of the LA function cycle: at end-systole, one frame before
points were analyzed to assess the relationship to the dosage and the
opening of the mitral valve; immediately before the P wave of the
duration of administration of pimobendan in the case patients.
acute pulmonary edema or refractory congestive heart failure (CHF).
However, the risk of continuous pimobendan overdose has not yet
been well investigated in dogs with stable CHF. This observational
ABSTRACTS
1039
The patients group with the overdose use of pimobendan showed a
by qRT-PCR (TaqMan-chemistry) and normalized to U6 snRNA by
significantly higher level of cTnI (1.450.60 ng/mL) and a longer QTc
ddCt method. Data evaluation was made by descriptive statistics and
interval (158.508.50 msec) than controls (cTnI, 0.230.08 ng/mL;
Mann Whitney U-test.
QTc, 137.808.40 msec; P<0.01). Regression analysis adjusted by the
In the tachypacing-induced model miR-1, miR-208a, miR-208b and
duration of pimobendan administration in the case patients revealed
miR-499 were up-regulated, whilst miR-21 was down-regulated in
that both cTnI level and QTc interval were highly correlated to the
both heart and blood samples. MiR-29 was up-regulated in heart sam-
dosage (P<0.01; Adjusted R2=0.849 and 0.784, respectively).
ples, while down-regulated in blood samples whilst miR-133a showed
The significantly elevated cTnI level and prolonged QTc interval and
the opposite tendency. In blood samples of clinical patients the same
their strong correlations with the dosage and the duration of improper
expression pattern could be observed and the results were significant
overdose of pimobendan in the case patient group can indicate myo-
(p<0,05) except miR-21. Based on the selected microRNAs, clinical
cardial damage indicative of cardiac fatigue.
cases could be clearly differentiated from healthy dogs using their
Disclosures
microRNA expression profile in blood samples. Moreover clinically
No disclosures to report.
asymptomatic cases with tachycardiomyopathy could be identified.
Our results suggest that peripheral blood may have a potential to indi-
ESVC-O-19
cate early heart-specific fibrosis in dogs.
Disclosures
Heart-specific and fibrosis related microRNAs in whole blood
samples of dogs with cardiomyopathy
No disclosures to report.
G. Kiss1, V. Kékesi2, K.V. Nagy2, L. Balogh3, L.G. Puskás4, N. Faragó4, A.
Sterczer1, F. Falus1, R. Psáder1, Z. Dudás Györki1, F. Manczur1
1
University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary, 2Department of
Cardiology, Heart Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,
3
National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary, 4Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Biological Research
Center, HAS, Szeged, Hungary
ESVC-O-20
Fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling has a causative role in the
Heart rhythm characterization by 24-hour Holter monitoring during
sudden cardiac death in dogs - A case series
L. Carlucci1, F. Giacomazzi1, M. Perego1, V.M. Saponaro2, R. Santilli1
Clinica veterinaria malpensa, Samarate, Italy, 2Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France
1
pathophysiology of cardiac diseases of different origin. At cellular
Malignant arrhythmias are poorly defined as the cause of sudden car-
level, fibrotic processes are prior to clinical manifestation of symp-
diac death (SCD) in dogs. Although SCD has been described in dilated
toms. Currently there is no biomarker, which is able to detect heart-
cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic car-
specific fibrosis and remodeling in the peripheral blood sample despite
diomyopathy, and myocarditis, as well as in inherited and congenital
it’s advantages in cardiac diagnostics and monitoring of therapy. Previ-
arrhythmic disorders (German Shepherd, Rhodesian Ridgeback and
ously, using microarray method we identified heart-specific gene
Springer Spaniels, respectively), only few contextual 24-hour Holter
expression profile representing fibrotic and inflammatory processes in
monitoring data is available in the veterinary literature. The aim of this
the peripheral whole blood of tachypacing-induced cardiomyopathy
case series was to describe the terminal arrhythmia recorded by
model dogs and we successfully selected a heart-specific fibrosis
24-hour
related mRNA-panel which gene expression levels in blood samples
experienced SCD.
clearly differentiated clinical cases from healthy dogs. MicroRNAs are
The database of a Holter referral center was retrospectively searched
key regulators of gene expression and highly stable molecules thus
for client-owned dogs that experienced SCD during 24-hour Holter
ideal biomarker candidates.
monitoring between January 2006 and July 2017. Fifteen dogs of dif-
Based on our previous results and using the same samples, now we
ferent breeds were included in the study. The Holter analysis included
aimed to investigate the cardiac and whole blood expression levels of
the dominant rhythm during the recording, the prevalent arrhythmia
selected microRNAs directly involved in cardiac fibrosis and heart
in the period preceding death, and the terminal arrhythmia causing
failure.
SCD. Clinical data and echocardiographic diagnosis were also
The selected panel consisted of 7 different microRNAs which have
considered.
key regulatory role in fibrosis, remodeling and impaired contractility.
The mean age was 8.7 3.9 years (median 9 years) and mean body
MiR-208a, miR-208b, miR-499 are located in genes coding different
weight was 30.8 17.2 kg (median 30.0). In 60% of dogs (9/15), the
isoforms of myosin heavy chain and are related to impaired contractil-
cause of SCD consisted of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs),
ity. MiR-133a, miR-21 and miR-29 have key role in the regulation of
accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR), or ventricular tachycardia
fibrosis and miR-1 is an important regulator of cardiac hypertrophy.
(VT) that degenerated into ventricular fibrillation (VF). In two dogs
Whole blood and left ventricular samples of tachypaced dogs (n=13),
(13%) complete atrioventricular block (AVB) preceded VF. In 3 dogs
healthy controls (n=7) and whole blood samples (surplus material) of
(20%), asystole was the cause of cardiac arrest. Finally, in 1 dog (7%),
canine clinical patients (n=10) with different severity and etiology of
low penetrance atrial fibrillation was followed by ventricular arrest
heart failure caused by cardiomyopathy were collected in RNA
and electromechanical dissociation. Ten dogs were affected by a vari-
stabilizing solution. RNA integrity was confirmed by capillary electro-
ety of structural heart diseases (5 dilated cardiomyopathy; 3 arrhyth-
phoresis (RIN>7). Expressions of selected microRNAs were measured
mogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; 1 myxomatous mitral valve
Holter
monitoring
in
dogs
in
the
moment
they
ABSTRACTS
1040
disease; 1 myocarditis), while echocardiographic examination detected
precordial leads, which can be explained by the fact that V1 reads the
no structural abnormality in the remaining 5 dogs. Sotalol was the
thinner-walled right ventricle and V2 through V6 read the thicker-
antiarrhythmic therapy at the time of recording in 2 dogs.
walled left ventricle. These data can be used as reference for normal
In agreement with the data previously reported in humans, the present
RPT in the dog. Further studies are needed to evaluate the use of RPT
study showed that VPCs, AIVR, VT, complete AVB degenerating into VF
in cardiac diseases.
and asystole are the most common causes of SCD in dogs. Additionally,
Disclosures
the fact that 2/3 of the study population had underlying structural heart
No disclosures to report.
disease suggests that the presence of an anatomical substrate, when
associated with a modulator (autonomic nervous system) and a trigger,
increases the risk of sustained ventricular arrhythmias and degeneration
ESVE-O-1
into VF. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first report detailing causRadioiodine treatment of feline hyperthyroidism: measuring 24-hour
thyroid 131-I uptake helps predict treatment failure or development
of iatrogenic hypothyroidism
ative arrhythmia of SCD in an extended series of dogs.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
M. Peterson1, F. Varela1, M. Rishniw2
1
Animal Endocrine Clinic, New York, United States of America, 2Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
ESVC-O-21
Successful treatment of hyperthyroidism in humans requires effective
uptake of the
R-peak time in normal dogs
131
I by the thyroid gland to deliver its radioablative
effects. We sought to analyze the effects of
M. Perego, F. Giacomazzi, L. Ramera, R. Santilli
Clinica veterinaria malpensa, Samarate, Italy
131
I uptake on subse-
quent outcome in hyperthyroid cats.
We prospectively included 937 cats referred to the Animal Endo-
R-peak time (RPT) is an ECG parameter that represents the time from
crine Clinic for
the QRS complex onset (Q or R wave) to the apex or peak of the R or
raphy, we calculated thyroid volume and percent thyroidal uptake of
R’ wave, if present. It represents the time for excitation to spread from
pertechnetate for each cat. We administered a radioiodine dose
the endocardial to the epicardial surface. In human medicine, right
based on an algorithm that considers the serum T4 and T3 concen-
ventricular RPT is measured in lead V1 (upper normal limit 35 ms),
trations, percent uptake of pertechnetate, and calculated thyroid
131
I treatment. Following quantitative thyroid scintig-
while left ventricular RPT is measured in lead V6 (upper normal limit
volume. Twenty-four hours later, we then determined the percent
45 ms). The aim of this study was to define the duration of RPT in nor-
131
mal dogs with different thoracic conformation.
skin surface over the thyroid tumor. After correction for background
Records of thirty privately-owned healthy dogs were retrospectively
(thigh count), the thyroid radioactivity (in counts per minute) was
reviewed. All dogs underwent physical examination, thoracic radiogra-
compared with the activity measured from a standard containing
phy, 12-lead electrocardiogram using the lead system described by
≈350 μCi
Santilli in 2016, and echocardiogram. The dogs were allocated in
come, cats were divided into 4 quartiles, based on thyroid uptake
three groups according to the thoracic index (dorso-ventral thorax
values.
diameter x 100/latero-lateral thorax diameter): 90-100 brachy-
Recheck examinations were performed at 4-7 months (median,
morphic, 50-60 dolichomorphic, and 60-90 mesomorphic. For each
6 months). Four outcomes were determined based on serum concen-
ECG, three measurements were performed. Normality was tested
trations of T4 and TSH concentrations: euthyroid (normal T4, normal
using the Shapiro-Wilcoxon W-test. To evaluate differences between
TSH), overt hypothyroid (low T4, high TSH), subclinically hypothyroid
morphotypes and leads, nonparametric analysis of variance was per-
(low-normal T4, high TSH), and persistently hyperthyroid (high T4,
formed by Kruskas Wallys test, as data were not normally distributed.
suppressed TSH).
In the brachymorphic morphotype, RPT median duration and range
Hyperthyroid cats had 131I thyroid uptake values ranging from 4.3-49.2%
were: V1: 10 ms (7-16), V2: 17 ms (10-19), V3: 18 ms (11-24), V4:
(median, 21.5%). Cats in the lowest uptake quartile (<17%) had more than
19.5 ms (11-24), V5: 21 ms (14-24), V6: 21 ms (12-25). In the meso-
twice the incidence of persistent hyperthyroidism than cats in the other
I thyroid uptake by measuring radioactive counts directly on the
131
I. To evaluate the effect of
131
I uptake on final out-
morphic morphotype, RPT median duration and range were: V1:
quartiles (8.6% vs. 3.4%, P <0.001). In contrast, the cats in the highest
13 ms (9-19), V2: 21 ms (12-26), V3: 21.5 ms (18-25), V4: 22 ms
uptake quartile (>27%) had the higher incidence of iatrogenic hypothy-
(17-28), V5: 24 ms (18-30), V6: 24.5 ms (17-31). In the dolicho-
roidism (29.1% vs. 12-21%, P <0.001). Cats in all 4 uptake quartiles were
morphic morphotype, RPT median duration and range were: V1:
treated with similar doses of radioiodine (median dose, 1.9 mCi).
15.5 ms (7-21), V2: 27 ms (19-35), V3: 28 ms (20-34), V4: 28 ms
In conclusion, the 24-hour thyroid uptake value affects successful out-
(20-36), V5: 29 ms (24-37), V6: 29.5 ms (25-37). In all precordial
come of hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine. Cats with low 131I
leads,
morphotypes
thyroid uptake values have ~10% chance of treatment failure,
(P<0.00001). In lead V1, RPT was statistically shorter (P<0.00001)
RPT
was
statistically
different
between
whereas cats with the highest uptakes are predisposed to developing
compared to V2 through V6 in all morphotypes.
iatrogenic hypothyroidism.
These results demonstrate a difference in the RPT duration in differ-
Disclosures
ent morphotypes and a difference between V1 and the other
No disclosures to report.
ABSTRACTS
1041
Pheochromocytoma is relatively common in dogs and carries a
ESVE-O-2
guarded prognosis. Outcome of adrenalectomy is the most important
Evaluation of telmisartan administration as a suppression test for
primary hyperaldosteronism diagnosis in cats
1
2
3
3
4
V. Fabres , R. Dumont , M. Garcia , D. Rosenberg , B. Rannou ,
G. Benchekroun2
1
Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France, 2Ecole
Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France, 3Micen Vet Centre,
Creteil, France, 4Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Université de Lyon,
VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
Diagnosis of feline primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) remains challenging especially in cases with concurrent azotaemia. In human medicine, the losartan suppression test is used as a safe and accurate test
for hyperaldosteronism diagnosis.
The aim of the study was to determine if oral telmisartan administration suppress aldosterone secretion in healthy cats and cats
with PHA.
Following ethical committee approval, 10 healthy student-owned
cats received telmisartan administration (2mg/kg per os). Serum
aldosterone concentration (PAC), potassium concentration and
systolic blood pressure were measured before (T0), 1h (T1) and
predictor of survival, although younger age and absence of vascular
invasion may also be associated with a favourable prognosis. Current
histological criteria do not predict a malignant behaviour in dogs, similar to humans. In the latter, the characterization of tumors has been
refined by the “Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal gland Scaled
Score” (PASS), which includes 12 microscopic features, and by immunohistochemical analysis. The aim of the study was to investigate
PASS and several immunohistochemical markers used in human medicine in dogs with pheochromocytoma that underwent adrenalectomy.
Pathology records of dogs with pheochromocytomas were reviewed
to identify those treated surgically and tumors were collected. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to apply the PASS
and were single-labelled for chromogranin A, proliferation marker Ki67, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor suppressor gene product p53,
proto-oncogene products BCL-2 and c-erbB-2, vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF), protein S100. The results of PASS and of immunohistochemistry were compared for surgical outcome, age and frequency of capsular and vascular invasion caused by the tumor. In
addition, PASS was assessed in relation to immunohistochemical find-
1.5h (T1.5) after oral administration of telmisartan. Six client-
ings. Twenty-four dogs with pheochromocytomas were included.
owned cats with PHA were also tested. A percentage of the rela-
PASS did not differ based on surgical outcome, age, vascular and cap-
tive variation of PAC was calculated at T1 ((T1-T0)/T0) and at
sular invasion. Immunohistochemistry was also not different for any
T1.5 (T1.5-T0)/T0). Results were expressed as median [range] and
variable. Tumors showing BCL-2 expression in >50% cells had lower
variables were compared by a wilcoxon signed-rank test or by a
PASS than those with lower expression (72 vs. 92; P=0.011).
mann-whitney test.
Tumors positive for S100 had higher PASS than those negative (102
Baseline PAC was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in PHA cats (1866
vs. 72; P=0.001). Associations between immunohistochemical
pmol/L [range, 265 - 2419]) than in healthy cats (274 pmol/L
markers were not identified. In conclusion, in dogs with pheochromo-
[65-1364]. In healthy cats, telmisartan administration resulted in a
cytoma, survival, age, vascular and capsular invasion are not linked to
significant decrease of PAC at T1 and T1.5 compared with T0 (P <
the results of PASS and of the selected immunohistochemical markers.
0.01) with a relative variation of -40% [5%- -64%] and -47%
The lower PASS in dogs with elevated BCL-2 expression suggests that
[-15%- -60%] respectively. No significant decrease of PAC was
pheochromocytomas with high anti-apoptotic rate have few morpho-
identified in PHA cats. Systolic blood pressure significantly
logic changes. The higher PASS in S100-positive tumors may indicate
decreased but no significant variation of potassium concentration
that pheochromocytomas developing morphologic changes acquire
was identified.
S100 expression. Overall, the use of PASS and of the present immu-
Our results suggest that oral telmisartan administration suppress aldo-
nohistochemical markers is of limited clinical value in dogs with
sterone concentration in healthy cats but not in PHA cats. Further
pheochromocytoma.
studies are needed to evaluate this suppression test in cats with sec-
Disclosures
ondary hyperaldosteronism.
No disclosures to report.
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
ESVE-O-4
Financial support of residency program of V. Fabres by Royal Canin
ESVE-O-3
Pheochromocytoma in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy: an
exploratory investigation of 24 cases
F. Ferri1, S. Ferro2, S. Nolli2, F. Massari3, G. Gerardi4, S. Nicoli1,
G. Romanelli5, V. Montinaro3, D. Trez2, L. Cavicchioli2, E. Zini6
1
Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy, 2Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science - University of
Padua, Padua, Italy, 3Clinica Veterinaria Nervianese, Nerviano, Italy,
4
Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health - University of
Padua, Padua, Italy, 5Centro Specialistico Veterinario, Milan, Italy, 6Clinic
for Small Animal Medicine/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Temporal changes in thyroid status in euthyroid dogs with positive
thyroglobulin autoantibodies
R.J. Egbert1, M.D. Sist2, P. Basu1, S. Beyerlein2, E.M. Tadros1, K. Refsal2,
B.K. Petroff1
1
Michigan State University Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic
Investigation, Lansing, United States of America, 2Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Lansing, United States of America
Thyroid autoantibodies are used as markers of autoimmune thyroiditis
in humans and dogs. In humans, their presence is associated with a
2.5-5.0% per year progression from subclinical thyroiditis to hypothyroidism. Several survey studies have shown an increased prevalence
of positive thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAA) in dogs with thyroid
ABSTRACTS
1042
test results indicative of primary hypothyroidism versus euthyroid
1) Haptoglobin was measured using an in-house enzymatic method
dogs. The implications of a positive TgAA result with otherwise nor-
adapted for the ABX Pentra in 20 pairs of residual stored samples
mal concentrations of thyroid hormones and TSH (subclinical thyroid-
obtained 1 hour apart before the administration of trilostane. The
itis) on the subsequent progression to hypothyroidism in dogs are less
coefficient of variation between the haptoglobin measurements was
clear. The objective of this study was to define the outcome of thyroid
low (median=2.3%, range 0–7.9%), even when there were clinically
status in dogs with subclinical thyroiditis over a multi-year interval.
significant differences between the pre-trilostane cortisol concentra-
Purebred dogs with subclinical thyroiditis (>25% specific TgAA bind-
tions (median=12.3%, range 0–61.2%, 8 pairs of samples greater than
ing but with normal concentrations of T4, FT4 and TSH) were identi-
20%)., 2) Cases of HAC that had received a consistent dose of trilos-
fied from the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) Thyroid
tane for more than two weeks were blood sampled and clinical scored
Registry database. Owners were invited to arrange submission of a
using an owner questionnaire, from which cases were then cate-
follow-up serum sample with their veterinarian along with inclusion of
gorised as being unwell, controlled, or under-controlled. Unwell dogs
a medical history form including subsequent treatments. Serum sam-
were excluded from further analysis, regardless of the control of their
ples were obtained from 114 dogs with subclinical thyroiditis that met
HAC. Haptoglobin was measured as part of our normal monitoring
inclusion criteria. The study population included 62 female and
using a commercially available immunoturbidimetric assay (Avacta
52 male dogs from 30 breeds with English Setters, Boxers, Rhodesian
Laboratories, Wetherby). There were 44 samples, obtained from
Ridgebacks and Dalmatians most frequent. The average age at study
19 dogs. One dog was noted as being particularly anxious before
completion was 6.3 years (SD = 2.2 years, range 2-13). The mean
2 sampling points and its pre-trilostane cortisol concentrations were
follow-up time was 3.9 years from initial testing (SD = 2.0 years, range
excluded from all subsequent analysis. Mann Whitney tests demon-
1-9). At the time of retesting, 33% of the dogs had progressed to
strated that there were significant differences between both the pre-
hypothyroidism, or were treated with thyroxine. Fifty-one percent
trilostane cortisol (p=0.036) and haptoglobin (p=0.012) of dogs classi-
maintained positive or equivocal TgAA results while remaining euthy-
fied as being controlled and those that were uncontrolled. There was
roid. In 16% of dogs, TgAA results had normalized with dogs remain-
a significant correlation between all the haptoglobin concentrations
ing euthyroid. Initiation of thyroxine supplementation following a
and the owners score (r=0.52, p<0.001) whereas pre-trilostane corti-
TgAA-positive result was usually, but not always, based on suggestive
sol concentrations were not significantly correlated with the score
clinical signs and decreased thyroid hormones at subsequent testing.
(r=0.27, p=0.13). ROC analysis suggested that a previously established
These results suggest that the majority of dogs with elevated thyro-
reference range of haptoglobin (0.1-3.0g/l) could serve as a useful tar-
globulin autoantibodies either exhibit persistent autoimmune thyroid-
get range for therapeutic monitoring. Similar analysis for pre-trilostane
itis
cortisol
with
continued
risk
of
hypothyroidism
or
progress
to
was
consistent
with
the
current
therapeutic
range
hypothyroidism.
(40-138nmol/l).
Disclosures
Haptoglobin should be further investigated as an ancillary method for
Disclosures to report.
monitoring trilostane therapy. As the reference range for haptoglobin
This work was supported by a grant from the Orthopedic Foundation
extends to nearly 0, it will not detect over-treatment and so other
for Animals and the Canine Health Foundation (CHF 02298-MOU;
methods (such as pre-trilostane cortisol) are still needed. One advan-
BKP and KRR).
tage of haptoglobin appears to be that it is unaffected by short-term
changes in cortisol.
ESVE-O-5
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
Haptoglobin and pre-trilostane cortisol as monitoring tools for the
treatment of canine hyperadrenocorticism
I.K. Ramsey1, N. Sieber-Ruckstuhl2, G. Woods1, C. McComb1,
P.D. Eckersall1
1
University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2University of Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
Dechra Pharmaceuticals directly supported this study and also provided indirect support to the first author. Glasgow University provides
haptoglobin and pre-trilostane cortisol measurements on a commercial basis. Siemens, ANIPoc, Woodleys, Boehringer and many other
companies have supported work at one or both institutions but are
not directly involved in the funding of this project.
Haptoglobin is increased in untreated cases of canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) and reduces following trilostane treatment. We
ESVE-O-6
hypothesised that haptoglobin measurements may assist therapeutic
monitoring of HAC.
The first part of this study compared haptoglobin concentrations in
two samples obtained 1 hour apart with known pre-trilostane cortisol
concentrations. The second part compared haptoglobin and pretrilostane cortisol concentrations in the monitoring of HAC. In both
Effect of monthly injections of GLP-1 analogue exenatide extended
release on β-cell function in newly diagnosed diabetic cats
K. Hazuchova, R.F. Gostelow, C.J. Scudder, V. Woolhead, H. Darcy,
D.B. Church, Y. Forcada, S.J.M. Niessen
The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
studies, cortisol was measured using a chemiluminescent assay
Exenatide (GLP-1 analogue) has proven beneficial in diabetic people.
(Siemens Immulite) and as part of normal therapeutic monitoring pro-
Clinical experience in cats is limited and effect on β-cell function (BCF)
tocols at our institutions.
in diabetic cats is unclear.
ABSTRACTS
1043
Diabetic cats (diagnosed <6 months) were recruited for a 6-month,
strong support for the respective diagnosis. The second aid (Version
double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing
2) included author-opinion-based numeric weightings for specific
the effect of once monthly exenatide extended release (EER; Bydur-
observations allowing calculation of a score indicating whether HAC
eon, AstraZeneca) injections on glycaemic control and BCF. Cats were
was likely, unlikely or equivocal. Initial cut-offs were derived from a
excluded if screening identified relevant co-morbid conditions. Cats
small development dataset (n=19).
were treated with protamine zinc insulin (ProZinc, Boehringer Ingel-
Performance of the summary score was assessed using an anonymised
heim), fed a low-carbohydrate diet and randomised to EER (0.13mg/
validation dataset of 119 suspect HAC cases from UCD Veterinary Hos-
kg SQ q 27-32 days) or placebo (saline). Diabetic control and BCF
pital classified as HAC (n=58) or NAI (n=61). A diagnosis of HAC was
were assessed using fructosamine, and insulin peak response (IPR) and
supported by a documented improvement with treatment (n=42), post-
total insulin secretion (TIS) calculated from glucagon stimulation tests
mortem examination (n=3) and independent expert review of the medi-
(insulin at baseline, 15 and 60 mins post 20ug/kg IV glucagon), respec-
cal records (n=13). A diagnosis of NAI was supported by an alternative
tively. Enrolment body condition score (BCS) and fructosamine were
diagnosis (n=55), spontaneous resolution of clinical signs (n=3) and
compared between groups (t-test). Linear mixed effects modelling
absence of progression or onset of additional clinical signs over a follow-
assessed the effect of treatment group, trial timepoint and enrolment
up period > 1 year (n=3). The sensitivity of the score ranged from 53 to
BCS (> or <5/9) on glycaemic control and BCF (significance p<0.05).
66%, depending on whether equivocal results were treated as positive
Eleven cats received EER, 13 received placebo. Groups were similar at
or negative for HAC. Specificity was 93%. Area under ROCC was 0.926
enrolment, apart from higher BCS in placebo-group (mean (SD): 4.4
indicating that cut-off adjustment could improve diagnostic sensitivity.
(1.4) vs. 5.7 (1.5); p=0.045). There was no significant effect of
Four false negative scores were complex cases where HAC was diag-
treatment group or enrolment BCS on IPR/TIS and fructosamine, but
nosed in the face of a negative LDDST adversely affecting sensitivity.
IPR and TIS significantly increased (p=0.002), and fructosamine
In conclusion, an educational visual judgement aid was developed to
decreased (p=0.0002), over successive trial timepoints.
support HAC diagnosis in first opinion practice. When modified to
EER did not affect BCF or glycaemic control, however, inadvertent
generate a numeric score, the tool had good specificity but less good
randomisation of lean cats to EER means the use of EER in obese cats
sensitivity, likely reflecting the authors’ concerns for over- rather than
could not be assessed.
under-diagnosis.
Disclosures
statistically-derived weightings could improve diagnostic accuracy and
Disclosures to report.
HAC diagnostic judgement in primary care practice.
Katarina Hazuchova's PhD, which the clinical trial has been a part of,
Disclosures
is funded by Boehringer Ingelheim. Diabetic Remission Clinic, where
improvements
to
cut-off
values
or
Disclosures to report.
This study was supported by Dechra. One of the authors is employed
the study took place, receives support from Purina.
by Dechra.
ESVE-O-7
ESVE-O-8
A visual aid to judgement in the diagnosis of canine
hyperadrenocorticism and the development of a diagnosis score
1
Future
2
3
1
1
M. Bennaim , P.A. Graham , J. Walker , R.E. Shiel , C.T. Mooney
1
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, 2University of Nottingham,
Nottingham, United Kingdom, 3Dechra, United Kingdom
Functional impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms within the
putative promoter of feline ACP1 gene in lean Domestic Shorthair
cats with diabetes mellitus
Dynamic adrenal function tests have low specificity and/or less than
K. Hazuchova1, A. Holder1, R.F. Gostelow1, D.B. Church1, M. Boursnell2,
S.J.M. Niessen1, B. Catchpole1, Y. Forcada1
1
The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom, 2Animal Health
Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom
perfect sensitivity. Anecdotally, HAC can be incorrectly diagnosed or
A genome-wide association study of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Domes-
excluded when key clinical or laboratory features are overlooked or
tic Shorthair cats identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at
disregarded.
the end of chromosome A3. The ACP1 gene, encoding an enzyme
The aim of this study was to construct an educational visual aid to
involved in insulin signalling, is located close to these SNPs and was
assist clinicians in balancing and appropriately weighting clinical and
selected as a candidate diabetes susceptibility gene.
laboratory observations to support judgement in the diagnosis
A DM-associated haplotype (c.-227A, c.-378G, c.-420G, c.-452G;
of HAC.
p=0.007) was identified within the putative promoter of ACP1 in a
The first aid (Version 1) comprised a 6-box grid arranged in 2 columns
case-control association study (residual blood samples used for PCR).
of 3 including a list of relevant observations. One column recorded
A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to investigate the potential
observations known to support a diagnosis of HAC (e.g. thin skin,
impact of these SNPs on gene expression. DNA sequences carrying
polyuria, polydipsia, positive adrenal function test) and the other those
two variant promoter haplotypes (variant 1 - DM-associated haplo-
Diagnosing canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) can be complicated.
that would support non-adrenal-illness (NAI; e.g. significant weight
type, variant 2 – non-diabetic haplotype) were amplified by PCR, and
loss, absence of stress leukogram, reference interval alkaline phospha-
cloned separately into the pGL4 vector containing Firefly luciferase
tase activity, negative low-dose-dexamethasone suppression test
[FLuc]. The pRL_CMV vector, containing Renilla luciferase [RLuc] was
(LDDST)). The rows divided observations conveying mild, moderate or
used as a control vector for co-transfection of CHO cells, to enable
ABSTRACTS
1044
normalisation of FLuc activity. Positive (pGL3) and negative (promo-
survival. In the multivariable model, only metastasis was significantly
terless pGL4) controls were included. There was no difference in the
associated with survival. Dogs with metastasis had a hazard ratio (HR) of
normalised luminescence comparing the recombinant plasmids (FLuc:
5.97 (confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1.97-18.1) compared to those with-
RLuc: mean (SE); variant 1: 5.6 (0.42) ; variant 2: 5.13 (0.27) ; p=0.7
out (p=0.002). Metastasis were identified in 8 (8.1%) cases and 4 of
[Mann-Whitney-U]).
them lived >500 days. Dogs with thrombosis tended to be at increased
The DM-associated ACP1 promoter haplotype did not influence gene
risk of death (HR: 2.24; CI95%: 0.92-5.48; p=0.077).
expression in CHO cells, compared with variant 2, which was more
Dogs with thyroid tumors undergoing thyroidectomy have long life
prevalent in non-diabetic cats. This might be due to a lack of any func-
expectations. Metastasis may carry a poor outcome although
tional impact of these polymorphisms or the result of the experimen-
extended survival is observed in some of them. Differently from previ-
tal system used. Further experiments are required to assess the
ous studies, size of the tumor, local invasiveness and bilateral thyroid-
functional consequences of ACP1 promoter genetic variability in cells
ectomy did not affect outcome.
expressing the insulin receptor.
Disclosures
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
Disclosures to report.
Katarina Hazuchova's PhD, as well as this particular project within the
ESVE-O-10
PhD, is funded by Boehringer Ingelheim.
The erythrocyte membrane lipidome profile in healthy dogs and
changes in dogs with diabetes mellitus
ESVE-O-9
Thyroidectomy in dogs with thyroid tumors: survival analysis in
99 cases (1994-2013)
F. Ferri1, F. Massari2, G. Romanelli3, S. Nicoli1, E.M. Morello4,
S. Guazzetti5, E. Zini6
1
Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy, 2Clinica
Veterinaria Nervianese, Nerviano, Italy, 3Centro Specialistico Veterinario,
Milano, Italy, 4Department of Veterinary Science - University of Turin,
Turin, Italy, 5Local Health Unit, Reggio Emilia, Italy, 6Clinic for Small Animal Medicine - University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
P. Prasinou1, P.E. Crisi1, C. Chatgilialoglu2, A. Luciani1, A. Sansone2,
F. Fracassi3, F. Procoli4, A. Gramenzi1, A. Boari1, C. Ferreri2
1
University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy, 2ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale Delle
Ricerche, Bologna, Italy, 3Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences,
University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy, 4Ospedale
Veterinario I Portoni Rossi, Zola Pedrosa, Bologna, Italy
Analysis of erythrocyte membrane lipidome represents a powerful
diagnostic tool for assessing the quantity and quality of fatty acids
and for the follow-up of the membrane fatty acid remodeling that is
associated with different physiological and pathological conditions.
Few studies assessed outcome predictors in dogs with thyroid tumors
Several studies have shown modification of the fatty acids but also of
undergoing
between
the phospholipid content of cell membranes in human diabetic
500-1100 days. Larger tumors, local invasiveness and excision of both
patients and in animal model of diabetes, however, a systematic study
thyroid lobes negatively affected outcome, whereas adjuvant chemo-
of the membrane fatty acids of dogs to evaluate membrane homeo-
therapy did not improve survival. Metastasis was not associated with
stasis has not yet been established. The aims of the present study
a poor outcome. The aims of the present study were to calculate sur-
were to evaluate 1) the erythrocytes membrane lipidomic profile in
vival and identify prognostic factors in a large series of dogs with thy-
healthy dogs (HD, n=24) and 2) changes in membrane lipidome of
roid tumors treated with thyroidectomy.
dogs with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM, n=6).
Medical records of dogs with thyroid tumors that underwent thyroid-
Erythrocyte membranes were isolated from EDTA-treated blood sam-
ectomy between 1994 and 2013 were reviewed. From each dog the
ples from dogs and a cluster of 10 saturated [SFA (palmitic; stearic)],
following variables were collected at admission to determine their
mono-unsaturated [MUFA (palmitoleic; oleic; vaccenic)] and polyun-
influence on overall survival, defined as the time from surgery to
saturated [PUFA (linoleic; dihomo-gamma-linolenic; arachidonic; EPA;
death: age, gender, breed, T4 and TSH concentration, unilateral or
DHA)] fatty acids was determined by Gas-Chromatography. Relevant
thyroidectomy.
Median
survival
ranged
bilateral lobectomy, type of surgery (thyroidectomy combined or not
lipid parameters (SFA/MUFA, SFA/PUFA, ω6/ω3, PUFA balance,
with muscular and jugular vein resection), institution where surgery
unsaturation and peroxidation indexes) were calculated.
was performed, tumor major diameter, histological type, presence of
Healthy dogs, aged from 2 to 98 months (median 38.5) 10 were males
thrombosis and metastasis, administration of adjuvant chemotherapy.
(1/10 neutered) and 14 females (4/14 sterilized), while DM dogs, aged
Median survival was calculated with Kaplan-Meier product-limit. Out-
from 96 to 158 months (median 120) 2 were males and 4 females
come predictors were studied using Cox proportional hazard models.
(2/4 sterilized).
The final model was built with stepwise deletion guided by the Akaike
Among the fatty acids, the ω3 (median 1.75%) showed the wider vari-
information criterion.
ability in HD (minimum 0.5-maximum 6.8). No significant differences
Ninety-nine dogs were included; median age was 10 years (range: 5-14),
were observed regarding the age. The EPA levels in intact females
47% were males and 53% females, 29% were crossbreed and 71%
were significant lower (P<0.01) compared to sterilized subjects and
pure-breed. Except one adenoma, all tumors were carcinoma. Median
intact males. Palmitic and arachidonic acids showed less SD variability
survival was 693 days (range: 27-3018), with 10% living <154 days=““
(<12% and <6%, respectively) in medium body size dogs (10-20 Kg)
and=““ 25=““>902 days. From univariate analysis older age, presence of
compared to small (<10 kg=““ and=““ large=““>20 Kg) dogs (27-40%
thrombosis and presence of metastasis were associated with shorter
and 27-14%, respectively).
ABSTRACTS
1045
In comparison to the HD, DM dogs showed increased concentrations
the 18 dogs (33%) had detectable CD79a+ cells in their pituitary
of MUFAs (P<0.05), specifically, palmitoleic (P<0.0001) and oleic
glands, and when present they were in small numbers (median total
(P<0.05) acids showed higher levels, while no differences were
cell number 0 cells/section, range 0 to 14 cells/section).
observed for vaccenic acid. The EPA concentrations in DM dogs were
This study shows that it is common to find CD3+ cells in the pituitary
higher (P<0.01) as compared to the HD.
gland at necropsy of dogs with no clinical suspicion of pituitary dis-
Potential study limitations were the sample size and the lack of data
ease, and that there is a regional difference in cell density with the
in geriatric healthy dogs.
highest CD3+-cell density in the pars tuberalis. In contrast, CD79a+
The present data suggest a variability of ω3 expression in erythrocytes
cells were generally absent or present in only small numbers.
membranes of healthy dogs, probably due to the individual dietary
Disclosures
variations. Furthermore, these preliminary results suggest the involve-
Disclosures to report.
ment of the SFA-MUFA pathway in canine diabetes mellitus, involving
Employee/Salary: Djurakuten i Stor-Stockholm Aktiebolag, Swedish
higher palmitic-palmitoleic and palmitic-oleic transformations and an
University of Agricultural Sciences, AniCura Animal hospital in Jön-
accelerated delta-9 desaturase enzymatic activity.
köping, The National Veterinary Institute; Grants/Research: Veterinär-
Disclosures
medicinska fakultetens stipendiesamfond, Agria och SKKs research
No disclosures to report.
foundation; Speaking and consultancies: VeTa Bolaget, Swedish Medical Products Agency, AniCura Animal hospital in Jönköping, AniCura
ESVE-O-11
Falu Animal hospital, Blå Stjärnans Animal Hospital in Gothenburg,
Evidensia Animal Hospital in Helsingborg, Haninge Animal Clinic Royal
Presence of T- and B-lymphocytes in the canine pituitary gland
M.A. Blomqvist1, C. Ley2, K. Karlsson3, J.M. Hanson2
1
Djurakuten i Stor-Stockholm Aktiebolag, Stockholm, Sweden, 2Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 3The National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
Hypophysitis is a well described group of diseases in humans, and a
few cases have been reported in dogs resembling lymphocytic hypophysitis in humans. Although, there is a common assumption that lymphocytes are not normally present in the pituitary glands of dogs,
there is a paucity of studies to confirm this. Lymphocytes have been
found in pituitary glands of both humans and horses, without clinical
suspicion of hypophysitis.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of
lymphocytes in pituitary glands of dogs without clinical suspicion of
pituitary disease.
Pituitary tissue was collected at routine necropsy from 20 dogs, without clinical suspicion of pituitary disease, in this cross-sectional study
performed at the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary
Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
Pituitary tissue was fixed in 10% formalin. The pituitary glands were
Canin, Swedish breeder´s clubs; Gifts, hospitality, travel support:
Travel grant ESVE-Dechra veterinary products (2014, 2017).
ESVE-O-12
Comparison of continuous glucose monitoring profiles and glycemic
variability during day and night in healthy and diabetic cats
C. Schuppisser1, T.A. Lutz2, E. Zini1, C.E. Reusch1, E. Salesov1
Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland, 2Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich,
Switzerland
1
Glycemic variability represents swings in blood glucose levels including episodes of hypo- and hyperglycemia throughout the day and on
different days. Glucose fluctuations were shown to be one of the risk
factors for diabetes-related complications in humans. So far, knowledge about glycemic variability in cats is scarce. Continuous glucose
monitoring systems (CGMS) have been introduced into veterinary
medicine some years ago and are useful tools to evaluate the glycemic
situation. They measure interstitial glucose continuously during day
and night for up to seven days. The aim of this study was to evaluate
the continuous glucose monitoring profiles of healthy and diabetic
sagittally incised before embedding in paraffin. Sections (4 μm) were
cats and to compare glycemic variability during day and night.
stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Sequential sections were
Six healthy and eleven diabetic cats were included. CGMS iPro2®
subjected to immunohistochemistry using primary antibodies specific
(Medtronic) was placed in the dorsolateral neck area. For calibration
for the T-cell marker CD3 and the B-cell marker CD79a. An indirect
glucose measurements were obtained every 8-12 hours with a vali-
avidin-biotin-peroxidase procedure using diaminobenzidine as chro-
dated portable blood glucose meter (AlphaTRAK2®, Abbott). Glucose
mogen was used for detection of antigen-antibody binding. The num-
measurements by the iPro2® were achieved every five minutes. Day
ber of cells per area unit (CPA) was determined in pars tuberalis, pars
and night were defined as the time (approx. 12 hours) between the
distalis, pars intermedia, infundibulum and lobus nervosus.
insulin injections and/or feeding. The mean glucose concentration,
Two dogs were excluded because of presence of metastatic malignant
standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) were deter-
lymphoma and pituitary adenoma. In the pituitary glands of the
mined to assess glycemic variability. Additionally, the minimum and
remaining 18 dogs, occasional scattered CD3+ cells were found on
maximum glucose concentration were identified. Data were analysed
immunohistochemistry. The CD3+ CPA differed significantly between
by nonparametric tests (P<0.05). Values are reported as median and
parts of the pituitary gland (p < 0.001). The highest CD3+ CPA was
range.
found in the pars tuberalis (median CPA 41.3 cells/mm2, range 8.9 to
In healthy cats, mean glucose concentration was significantly lower
2
94.7 cells/mm ). The lowest CD3+ CPA was found in the infundibu-
(P=0.0312) during the day (4.2, 3.9-4.8 mmol/l) than during the night
lum (median CPA 2.0 cells/mm2, range 0 to 10.7 cells/mm2). Only 6 of
(4.5, 4.0-5.0 mmol/l). Also, SD during the day (0.4, 0.3-0.5) was
ABSTRACTS
1046
significantly lower (P=0.0312) than during the night (0.6, 0.5-0.6).
MGC/PGC dogs showed an AUC of 0.69 and 0.66, respectively.
There were no significant differences between day and night with
Values of HbA1c<5.5% and SF<400 μmol/L had Sp=79%, Se=41%,
regard to minimum and maximum glucose concentrations and CV.
and Sp=71%, Se=61%, in discriminating dogs with GGC from
In diabetic cats, minimum glucose concentration during the day (5.4,
MGC/PGC dogs, respectively. ROC curves analysis of SF and HbA1c
3.4-15.4 mmol/l) was significantly lower (P=0.032) than during the
to distinguish PGC from GGC/MGC dogs showed an AUC of 0.75
night (7.7, 4.1-17.1 mmol/l). There were no significant differences
and 0.69, respectively. Values of HbA1c>6.8% and SF>500 μmol/L
between day and night with regard to mean and maximum glucose
had Sp=79%, Se=52%, and Sp=85%, Se=45%, respectively, in dis-
concentration, SD and CV.
criminating dogs with PGC from GGC/MGC dogs. Using the clinical
Healthy cats had lower mean, minimum, maximum glucose concentra-
score as the reference method, SF and HbA1c identified correctly
tion and SD during the day (P=0.0011, P=0.0019, P=0.0012,
the glycemic control (GGC/MGC/PGC) in 50% and 44% of cases,
P=0.0029) and night (P=0.0006, P=0.0002, P=0.0048, P=0.044) than
respectively. In conclusion, SF and HbA1c have similar performances
diabetic cats, while CV did not differ.
in classifying the glicemic control. Neither of the two parameters
In conclusion, healthy cats showed higher glycemic variability during
should be used as the sole indicator of glycemic control, and must
the night but absolute differences were small; glycemic variability in
always be evaluated in association with history, physical findings and
diabetic cats did not differ between day and night. Glycemic variability
BGC results.
in diabetic cats was higher compared to healthy cats irrespective of
Disclosures
the time of the day.
No disclosures to report.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVE-O-14
ESVE-O-13
Spontaneous primary hypothyroidism in adult cats: More common
that we think?
Validation of human immunoturbidimetric assays for the
measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum
fructosamine in dogs and comparison of the two variables for the
assessment of glycemic control in dogs with diabetes mellitus
F. Del Baldo1, P. Maramieri1, M.O. Catrina1, F. Dondi1, U. Bonfanti2,
G. Linari1, S. Corradini1, M. Pietra1, F. Fracassi1
1
University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy, 2Laboratorio analisi
veterinarie „La Vallonea„, Milano, Italy
M. Peterson1, M.A. Carothers2, D. Gamble3, M. Rishniw4
1
Animal Endocrine Clinic, New York, United States of America, 2Akron
Veterinary Internal Medical Practice, Copley, Ohio, United States of
America, 3Antech Diagnostics, Lake Success, New York, United States of
America, 4Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
Spontaneous primary hypothyroidism appears to be an extremely rare
clinical disorder in adult cats, with only 4 reported cases over the last
25 years. Given the paucity of data regarding adult-onset feline hypo-
The aims of this study were the validation of human assays for serum
thyroidism, we sought to describe the history, clinical features (includ-
fructosamine (SF) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in dogs and the
ing presence or absence of goiter), diagnostic testing, treatment, and
comparison of the ability of the HbA1c and SF in reflecting the gly-
long-term outcome of 7 adult cats with spontaneous primary
cemic control in dogs with diabetes mellitus. SF (nitrotetrazole blue
hypothyroidism.
method, Fructosamine 17350H, Sentinel Diagnostics) and blood
This prospective case series included 7 adult cats with spontaneous
HbA1c (HbA1c, OSR6192 Beckman-Coulter) were analyzed on an
hypothyroidism referred for evaluation over a 3.5-year period (from
automated chemistry analyzer (Beckman-Coulter AU 480). Linearity,
March 2014 to September 2017), and then followed until March
precision and accuracy were determined; a reference interval for
2018. In each case, we collected data on cats’ signalment, clinical
HbA1c and SF was established from 40 healthy dogs, using the per-
signs, results of physical examination, routine laboratory and thyroid
centile method. Performances of HbA1c and SF in assessing the gly-
hormone testing, and thyroid imaging (thyroid scintigraphy or ultra-
cemic control were evaluated; correlation between the two variables
sound). We subsequently treated cats with levothyroxine and evalu-
and a clinical score was studied in 200 re-evaluations of 47 diabetic
ated their response to treatment.
dogs treated with insulin q12h. The clinical score used to classify dia-
Cats ranged from 3.5-11 years, with no breed predilection; 6/7 cats
betic dogs in good (GGC), moderate (MGC) or poor (PGC) glycemic
were male. Only 2/7 cats were initially tested because of signs of
control was set on the basis of stability of body weight, presence of
hypothyroidism (hair-coat changes, lethargy, obesity); others were
poliuria/polydipsia, median glucose of the blood glucose curves
tested for routine thyroid monitoring or palpable thyroid nodules.
(BGCs), blood glucose nadir and overall evaluation of BGC. The aver-
Four were azotemic (serum creatinine, 2.2-3.4 mg/dL). Six of the cats
age intra- and interassay coefficient of variation (CV) for HbA1c
had low serum thyroxine (T4) and free T4 (fT4) concentrations,
were 1.5% and 10.9%, respectively; the average intra- and interassay
whereas all 7 cats had high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) con-
CV for SF were 4.1% and 2.5%, respectively. Excellent accuracy was
centrations. In 6/7 cats, thyroid scintigraphy revealed bilateral goiter
obtained for both assays (r>0.99). The reference interval for HbA1c
with intense radionuclide uptake; imaging showed no visible thyroid
was 1.6-4.5% and for SF was 222-382 μmol/L. In diabetic dogs,
tissue in the other. After levothyroxine treatment, serum concentra-
HbA1c and SF were significantly correlated (r=0.48) and they were
tions of T4 and fT4 increased and TSH fell; high serum creatinine nor-
also correlated with the clinical score (r=-0.33; r=-0.39, respectively).
malized in azotemic cats; and repeat imaging showed reduction in
ROC curves analysis of SF and HbA1c to distinguish GGC from
goiter size.
ABSTRACTS
1047
In conclusion, primary hypothyroidism develops in adult cats, with a
subsequent follow-up. Serum SDMA correctly identified about half of
higher prevalence than previously assumed. Most cats appear to
the patients with abnormal GFR. Remaining cats with abnormal GFR
develop a goitrous form of hypothyroidism associated with thyroid
but normal sSDMA were hypothyroid which might have contributed
hyperplasia, whereas thyroid atrophy appears to be less common.
to GFR decline.
With levothyroxine replacement, clinical and laboratory abnormalities
In this small population of cats, sSDMA did not identify cats with low
(e.g., azotemic) improve or resolve. Although the condition is rare, we
GFR prior to treatment but was a better biomarker than sCr at identi-
suspect that these documented cases represents only “the tip of the
fying cats with lower GFR after treatment.
iceberg” of cats affected with this syndrome, because of the mild clini-
Disclosures
cal signs displayed by these cats, and the lack of awareness of this
Disclosures to report.
condition by first opinion clinicians. Heightened awareness that adult
This study was supported by IDEXX Laboratories Inc.
hypothyroidism can develop in cats, together with increased screening
for the disorder, will ultimately determine if this condition is indeed
ESVIM-O-1
rare or more common than currently thought.
Disclosures
Effect of antimicrobial drug on lung microbiota in healthy dogs
No disclosures to report.
A. Fastrès, E. Vangrinsven, A.C. Tutunaru, E. Moyse, F. Farnir,
B. Taminiau, G. Daube, C. Clercx
University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
ESVE-O-15
In human and dogs, baseline differences in lung microbiota (LM) have
Short- and long-term follow-up of kidney function using creatinine,
SDMA and GFR in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine
E. Buresova1, L. Stammeleer1, E. Stock1, D. Paepe1, E. Vandermeulen1,
H.P. Lefebvre2, S. Daminet1
1
Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium, 2École Nationale Vétérinaire de
Toulouse, Toulouse, France
Sensitivity of serum creatinine (sCr) for detection of early chronic kidney disease is poor and its performance is even worse in hyperthyroidism due to poor muscle mass and hyperfiltration. Serum
symmetric dimethylarginine (sSDMA) is a more sensitive renal biomarker in dogs and cats. A recent study showed relatively low sSDMA
sensitivity (33.3%) in revealing masked azotemia in hyperthyroid cats.
The objective of this study was to provide a short- and long-term
follow-up of sSDMA and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in hyperthy-
been associated with important clinical features in chronic lung diseases (CLD) and there is growing evidence that an altered LM contributes to disease pathogenesis. The common use of antibiotic drugs
throughout the management of CLD likely represents a major confounding factor in the study of the LM. However, the effect of antibiotic treatment on the LM in healthy individuals has not been
specifically investigated yet.
The aim of the present study was to assess the short and mediumterm effect of an oral treatment with a large spectrum antimicrobial
drug on the LM in healthy dogs.
Six healthy experimental beagle dogs were included. Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (AC) was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg twice daily
for 10 days. In each dog, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was col-
roid cats treated with radioiodine.
lected at 3 different timepoints: before administration of AC (J0) and
Ten non-azotemic hyperthyroid cats were prospectively included and
immediately (J10) as well as 16 days (J26) after interruption of AC.
Test) and GFR (plasma exogenous cre-
In each BALF, total and differentiated cell counts were obtained and
atinine clearance) were measured before (T0), after 1 month (T1) and
metagenetic analyses were performed on the V1-V3 hypervariable
within 14-24 months (mean: 16 months) (T2) after radioiodine treat-
region of 16S rDNA after total bacterial DNA extraction and sequenc-
ment. Nine cats finished the study, 1 cat died of unrelated cause
ing on a MiSeq Illumina sequencer. Taxonomical assignation and
before T2. Serum creatinine significantly increased from T0 to T1
microbiota community analysis were done with MOTHUR V1.35 with
(P<0.001) and further increased from T1 to T2 (P<0.05), but all cats
an OTU clustering distance of 0.03. Statistical comparisons between
remained non-azotemic (sCr <203 μmol/L) during the study. Signifi-
events for microbiota community and BALF cell counts were made
cant decrease of GFR was seen between T0 and T1 (P<0.001) but not
using Friedman test and post-hoc t-tests with Bonferroni correction.
between T1 and T2 (P=0.28). Serum SDMA did not significantly differ
Statistical differences in bacterial population relative abundance
between times.
between timepoints were assessed using a mixed linear model with
Serum SDMA was increased (>14 μg/dL) before treatment in 1 cat.
FDR correction for multiple comparisons.
This cat had normal GFR at all times and sSDMA normalised after
Administration of AC did not induce significant changes in BALF cellu-
treatment. At T1, 8 cats had normal GFR with normal sSDMA, GFR
lar counts and had no effect on the richness, evenness and alpha
was borderline low (<1.9 ml/min/kg) with increased sSDMA in 1 cat
diversity. Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria abundance increased from
and GFR was low (<1.4 ml/min/kg) with normal sSDMA also in 1 cat.
J0 to J10 (mean: 12.0 to 24.1, and 12.3 to 26.2%, respectively;
At T2, GFR was borderline low in 2 cats with increased sSDMA in 1 of
p<0.001) and decreased at J26 (13.1 and 9.3%; p<0.001). Firmicutes
them and GFR was low in 3 cats with increased sSDMA in 1 of them.
abundance decreased from J0 to J10 (45.6 to 18.3%; p<0.001) and
Interestingly, all 3 cats with borderline low or low GFR and normal
increased at J26 (28.8%; p<0.001). Actinobacteria abundance
sSDMA were hypothyroid. Remaining 6 cats were euthyroid.
increased at J26, compared with J0 and J10 (43.7 compared with 23.2
Borderline low or low (abnormal) GFR was seen in 20% of cats
and 23.5% respectively; p<0.001). We failed to show significant dif-
1 month after treatment of hyperthyroidism and in 50% of cats during
ferences between timepoints at the level of genera and species.
TM
sCr, sSDMA (IDEXX SDMA
ABSTRACTS
1048
In conclusion, in healthy dog, oral administration of a commonly used
perform equally to more expensive chambers specifically designed for
large spectrum antimicrobial drug induces significant changes in
dogs (Aerodawg®).
microbial population abundance at the phyla level. Most but not all of
Disclosures
these changes normalize within 2 weeks after discontinuation of
No disclosures to report.
the drug.
ESVIM-O-3
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
Long-term survival and complications in end-stage tracheal collapse
dogs treated with intraluminal self-expanding Wallstents™
ESVIM-O-2
Comparison of the pulmonary deposition of nebulized 99mTc-DTPA
through three different inhalation devices in healthy dogs
A. Carranza, M. Pagitz, A. Hiebl, R. Hirt
Vetmeduni Vienna - Clinical Department for Small Animals - Internal
Medicine, Vienna, Austria
Y. Cui, M. Schneider, N. Hildebrandt, E. Hassdenteufel, N. Bauer,
A. Moritz
Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Intraluminal stenting is used to treat end-stage tracheal collapse
(ESTC) in dogs refractory to medical treatment. The study’s objective
was to evaluate a new technique for estimating the size of stainless-
In human medicine, the administration of inhaled drugs for chronic
steel intraluminal Wallstents™ used for tracheal stenting, and to
respiratory diseases has been used for a long time, with proven effi-
report short- and long-term survival and complications.
cacy and low systemic side effects. In veterinary medicine, this treat-
Dogs presented for dyspnoea due to ESTC (confirmed by endoscopy)
ment modality has gained popularity during the last years, although
treated by intraluminal stenting under fluoroscopic guidance between
there is still little information about the distribution and the effect of
2006 and 2016 were included in this retrospective study. Stent size
these drugs in the lower airways of dogs and cats.
was selected based on a lateral neck-thoracic radiograph performed
The aim of this study was to compare the pulmonary deposition of a
under general anaesthesia with spontaneous breathing. Stents were
nebulized radiopharmaceutical agent through three different inhala-
chosen to be ideally 1-2 mm larger than the laryngeal diameter and to
tion devices in healthy dogs in order to detect possible device-
cover the trachea from 1 cm caudal of the cricoid to 1 cm cranial of
dependent differences in drug deposition.
the carina. Dogs were re-examined (clinical signs; radiographs; endos-
Ten healthy beagles were included in this prospective cross-over
copy if possible) preferably 6 weeks post-stenting. Long-term out-
study. All dogs inhaled a dose of nebulized 99mtechnetium-diethylene-
come was assessed via owner questionnaire.
Tc-DTPA) through the following
Thirty-six dogs (median age 7.3, range 2-12 years) were included.
devices: Aerodawg with a custom-made tightly fitting nose-muzzle
Thirty-one dogs survived to discharge; 2 were lost to follow-up.
99m
triamine-pentaacetic acid (
®
mask, Aerochamber® for children with the same custom-made nosemuzzle mask and Aerodawg® with the original corresponding nose
mask. Wash out period between treatments was at least 1 week. The
inhalator bowl was filled with 1.9-2.5 GBq
99m
Tc-DTPA and the inha-
lation time was five minutes. Immediately afterwards dogs were
scanned with planar scintigraphy in right lateral, left lateral and sternal
recumbency. The deposition of
99m
Tc-DTPA in the head region (upper
airways, mouth), the lungs, the stomach, as well as the whole-body
distribution were recorded and quantified by manual or isocontour
region of interest (ROI) analysis. Deposition calculated as percentage
of delivered dose in the ROI was compared.
Median percentage uptake in the lungs using Aerodawg® with a nosemuzzle mask, Aerochamber® with a nose-muzzle mask and Aerodawg® with a nose mask was 9.8% (range 2.4 – 16.8%), 12.5% (range
2.4 – 18.3%), and 9.3% (range 5.3-22.3%), respectively. Combined
Median survival time post-stenting was 1176 days (range 0-2338).
Twenty-nine dogs initially showed partial (16/29) or complete (13/29)
resolution of clinical signs post-stenting. Control radiographs (n=23)
revealed stent fracture in 1 dog; none had stent migration. Stent
length was significantly shorter during follow-up compared to postdeployment (p=0.02). Endoscopy (n=18) revealed tracheobronchitis
(n=15) and granulation tissue formation (n=13). Most owners were
satisfied with clinical improvement and their pets’ quality of life.
The presented estimation technique is a straightforward method
achieving satisfying results, good long-term outcomes and overall client satisfaction.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVIM-O-4
median uptake in the head region and stomach was 82,9% (range 62.6
– 96.4%), 81.3% (range 71.5 – 93.4%), and 78.5% (range 63.2 –
97.1%), respectively. Although the Aerochamber with a nose-muzzle
®
mask group had the highest median uptake in the lungs, differences
were statistically not significant. The inhalation procedure was well
tolerated with all devices.
This study suggests that oro-nasal inhalation and nasal inhalation
devices provide similar deposition of nebulized
99m
Tc-DTPA in the
Association between abnormal respiratory clinical signs and
respiratory localization in dogs and cats
M. Dominguez Ruiz1, C. Reinero2, A. Vientos-Plott2, M. Grobman2,
D. Silverstein3, E. Gomes1, K. Le Boedec1
1
CHV Fregis, Arcueil, France, 2University of Missouri - Veterinary Health
Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America, 3University of Pennsylvania - Ryan Veterinary Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States of
America
lungs and that spacers intended for use in small children
Using the pattern of abnormal respiration to localize respiratory dis-
(Aerochamber®) adapted with custom-made nose-muzzle masks
ease origin has been under-investigated in dogs and cats.
ABSTRACTS
1049
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify associations
satisfactory overall treatment response: 7 failures (14%), 19 partial
between respiratory clinical signs and disease localization in dogs
remissions (38%), and 24 complete remissions (48%). Irregular naso-
and cats.
pharyngeal mucosal surface on rhinoscopy and presence of mucous
Dogs and cats with abnormal breathing patterns presenting to Fregis,
exudate on histopathology were associated with a worse overall treat-
University of Missouri, or University of Pennsylvania veterinary hospi-
ment response (p=0.02 and p=0.04, respectively). Twenty-eight dogs
tals were recruited over a one-year period. Animals were included if
(56%) relapsed after treatment was discontinued. There was a high
case investigation allowed for respiratory disease localization and defin-
negative correlation between treatment response and risk of relapse
itive diagnosis. Thoracic radiographs and minimal bloodwork were man-
(Spearman rho=-0.74, p<0.001). Furthermore, risk of relapse was sig-
datory for inclusion. Associations between respiratory signs and disease
nificantly associated with intensity of the exudate on histopathol-
localization were evaluated via two-level mixed-effects logistic regres-
ogy (p=0.02).
sion, sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio calculation.
Relapse is common among dogs with idiopathic rhinitis and may be
One-hundred and eighteen dogs and 46 cats were included.
anticipated if treatment response is incomplete and if exudate is
Decreased nasal airflow accurately localized the disease to nasal cavi-
observed histologically on nasal biopsies.
ties. Although stertor was most specific for pharyngeal diseases, it
Disclosures
was also associated with nasal diseases in both species as well as
No disclosures to report.
laryngeal diseases in dogs. Although stridor was most specific for
laryngeal diseases, it was also associated with nasal and extra-thoracic
ESVIM-O-6
tracheal diseases. Inspiratory efforts were associated with extrathoracic diseases. Goose honking and wheezes were more specific but
Pulmonary complications in canine acute pancreatitis: a pilot study
less sensitive than tracheal sensitivity for intra-thoracic tracheal diseases. Expiratory efforts, expiratory snap and coughing were specific
E. Gori, A. Pierini, G. Ceccherini, S. Citi, T. Mannucci, I. Lippi, V. Marchetti
University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado - Pisa, Italy
for bronchial localization, especially in cats, while crackles and
In human beings, acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress
increased respiratory rate referred to pulmonary diseases in both spe-
syndrome (ARDS) in acute pancreatitis (AP) represents important
cies. Combination of attenuated lung/cardiac sounds and paradoxical
complications with a high mortality rate (30-40%). To our knowledge,
breathing was specific for pleural diseases.
there are no clinical veterinary studies on this topic. The aim of the
Patterns of abnormal respiration can localize origin of respiratory dis-
present study is to evaluate pulmonary complications during canine
ease, useful to tailor subsequent diagnostic evaluations.
AP and their association with the outcome. AP diagnosis was made if
Disclosures
there were compatible clinical signs and laboratory parameters, abnor-
No disclosures to report.
mal SNAP cPL test and a positive abdominal ultrasound within
48 hours from the admission. Thoracic radiography was performed for
ESVIM-O-5
each patient using a digital radiological equipment and subgraded base
on the pulmonary pattern (normal, interstitial or alveolar). At the
Association between tomodensitometry, rhinoscopy, and
histopathology characteristics and treatment response in canine
idiopathic rhinitis
K. Le Boedec, A. Fouhety, M. Dominguez Ruiz, E. Gomes, S. Lezmi
Centre Hospitalier Veterinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France
admission, arterial blood samples, obtained from the dorsal pedal
artery, at room air (FiO2=21%), were analyzed (ABL 700 series, Radiometer, Denmark). ALI/ARDS were diagnosed using the current veterinary consensus: (1) acute onset (<72 hours) of respiratory distress
(RD) (tachypnea and laboured breathing at rest), (2) known risk factors,
Treatment of canine idiopathic rhinitis may be frustrating, as the
(3) evidence of pulmonary capillary leak without cardiac disease and
underlying causes are not identified and treatment response is often
(4) evidence of inefficient gas exchange. Dogs were divided into
limited.
2 groups according to outcome at 15 days from their admission: survi-
The aim of this retrospective observational study was to look for
vors and non-survivors. Normal distribution was assessed using
tomodensitometric (CT), rhinoscopic, and histopathologic parameters
D’Agostino-Pearson test. Welch’s t-test was used to compare PaCO2,
that would be associated with treatment response and risk of relapse
P[A−a]O2 gradient with the outcome; meanwhile, pH, PaO2, PaO2/
in canine idiopathic rhinitis.
FiO2 were compared to the outcome using Mann-Whitney U-test.
Dogs with a final diagnosis of idiopathic rhinitis after an appropriate
Exact tests were used to compare the presence of radiographic abnor-
diagnostic work-up, including CT, MRI and/or rhinoscopy, and histo-
malities, RD and ALI/ARDS to the outcome. Odds ratio (OR) was cal-
pathology, were screened over a 4-year period. Follow-up information
culated. Twenty-three client-owned dogs with owners’ consent,
regarding treatment response and relapse was gathered from owners
admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, were prospectively
and local veterinarians. Associations with treatment response or risk
enrolled. Ten dogs (43%) died during the study period. Two out of
of relapse were screened across CT, rhinoscopic, and histopathologic
10 dogs were euthanized due to poor prognosis or to progressive dis-
findings via logistic regressions and calculation of predicted probabili-
ease. Ten out of 23 dogs showed RD which was associated with poor
ties and Spearman’s rank correlations.
outcome (p=0.0001; OR 108 95% CI 7-1225). Nineteen dogs (83%)
Fifty dogs were included in the study. Most dogs were treated with
showed radiographic alterations (10 alveolar pattern and 9 interstitial
corticosteroids (38 dogs) and antimicrobials (23 dogs), with a
pattern) and they were associated to death (p=0.04). Non-survivors
ABSTRACTS
1050
showed a lower PaCO2 levels than survivors (p=0.009). P[A−a]O2 gra-
Overall, there was no significant difference in efficacy between aspirin
dient, pH, PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were similar between groups. ALI
and clopidogrel and TEG was not reliable for monitoring treatment
was diagnosed in seven dogs (30%) and no dogs had ARDS. The pres-
response in dogs with pIMHA. PM is reliable to detect non-
ence of ALI was associated with poor outcome (p=0.0005). In dogs
responders, monitor response to treatment and help adjust treatment
with AP, pulmonary complications seemed to be frequent and associ-
in individual dogs.
ated with risk of death. Moreover, ALI/ARDS may be a severe pulmo-
Disclosures
nary complication affecting the prognosis, as well as in human
Disclosures to report.
medicine.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no potential conflict of inter-
Disclosures
est regarding research, authorship and/or publication of this article.
No disclosures to report.
Funding:
The
authors
received
a
research
grant
from
the
Canine Research Foundation, 28 Holroyd Street, Seaford, VIC 3198
ESVIM-O-7
Australia
Effectiveness of aspirin versus clopidogrel in dogs with immune
mediated haemolytic anaemia evaluated by serial
thromboelastography and platelet mapping
ESVIM-O-8
C. Griebsch, E. Hall, V.R. Barrs
Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of
Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is associated with a
high risk of thromboembolism. Most dogs with IMHA are hypercoagulable, as measured by thromboelastography (TEG). Platelet mapping
(PM) has been used to assess platelet function in human patients treated with aspirin or clopidogrel.
The aims of this study were to a) compare the efficacy of aspirin versus clopidogrel in inhibition of platelet activation in dogs with primary
IMHA (pIMHA) and b) determine if TEG and/or PM are reliable to
monitor treatment response.
This prospective double blinded study included 18 client-owned dogs
with pIMHA randomized to receive aspirin (loading dose 10mg/kg,
then 1mg/kg PO SID, n= 10) or clopidogrel (loading dose 10 mg/kg,
then 2 mg/kg PO SID, n=8) in addition to standard therapy. TEG, haematocrit (HCT), platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time (PT), activated
partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen concentration, antithrombin (AT) activity and D-dimers were measured before, and 1 and
4 days after commencing treatment. PM was performed on day 1 and
4. Non-responders were defined as <50% inhibition of thromboxane
A2-receptor activity (TXA2-RA) stimulated by arachidonic acid (AA) in
Platelet function in healthy dogs receiving sustained clopidogrel,
prednisone, or combination therapy
J.C. Whittemore1, A.P. Mooney1, J.M. Price1, J. Thomason2
1
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, United States of America,
2
Mississippi State University, Starkville, United States of America
Clopidogrel is commonly administered to dogs receiving glucocorticoids for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, but the impact of sustained therapy on platelet reactivity is currently unknown. The aim of
this study was to compare platelet reactivity among dogs receiving
sustained clopidogrel, prednisone, and combination therapy.
A double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was performed using
24 healthy dogs that were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment groups:
placebo, prednisone 2 mg/kg/d, clopidogrel 2-3 mg/kg/d, or combined prednisone/clopidogrel therapy PO for 28 days. Complete
blood counts, manual platelet counts, PFA-100® closure times (collagen/ADP), and area under the curve (AUC) for Multiplate® wholeblood aggregometry (ADPtest) were determined at baseline, day
14, and day 28. Platelet reactivity was categorized as controlled if closure times increased ≥30% compared to baseline or AUC was ≤46U;
control based on AUC was subcategorized into adequate (19-46U)
and excess (<19U) control. Closure times, AUC, platelet reactivity control, and degree of control were compared among groups using mixed
the aspirin group and <50% inhibition of ADP-receptor activity (ADP-
model, split-plot repeated measures ANOVAs, generalized estimating
RA) in the clopidogrel group, on day 4. For statistical analysis an
equation proportional odds models, and Fisher’s exact tests as appro-
Anderson-Darling test was used to determine normality with variables
priate. P<0.05 was considered significant.
not meeting assumptions loge transformed. A restricted maximum
All dogs had normal hematocrits and platelet counts at all timepoints.
likelihood model was run for each measurement with fixed effects of
Significant (P<0.01) group, week, and group*week interactions were
treatment, day and their interaction and the random effect of patient.
present for closure times and AUC, due to significant differences for
Significance was set at p<0.05.
the clopidogrel and prednisone/clopidogrel groups compared to pla-
Significant differences identified between the two groups at all time
cebo and prednisone groups. Based on closure times on days 14 and
points included higher TEG G (clot strength) in the clopidogrel group
28, significantly more dogs had adequate control in the clopidogrel
(p=0.021) and lower PM MAAA and PM GAA (MA and G generated by
(5/6) and prednisone/clopidogrel (5/6) groups versus the placebo
TxA2-RA) in the aspirin group (p=0.009 and 0.016, respectively). Mean
(1/6) and prednisone (0/6) groups. On days 14 and 28, all dogs in the
platelet TxA2-RA and platelet ADP-RA were not significantly different
clopidogrel and prednisone/clopidogrel groups were characterized as
between groups. The overall mean % inhibition of TxA2-RA was 25%
being controlled based on aggregometry, versus 1/6 dogs each in the
(aspirin 33%, clopidogrel 15%), and of ADP-RA was 82% (aspirin 83%,
placebo and prednisone groups. Dogs receiving prednisone/clopido-
clopidogrel 80%). On day four 6/9 dogs (66%) in the aspirin group and
grel were 11 times (P=0.03) more likely to be over-controlled over
2/8 dogs (25%) in the clopidogrel group were non-responders
time (day 14, 6/6; day 28, 6/6) than dogs receiving clopidogrel mono-
(p=0.086).
therapy (day 14, 5/6; day 28, 2/6).
ABSTRACTS
1051
Based on human monitoring standards, clopidogrel’s therapeutic effi-
with metaphyseal osteomyelitis (2) and congenital hypocobalaminae-
cacy decreases during sustained administration in dogs. Prednisone
mia with opportunistic infection (2); all four dogs were Border collies.
co-administration increases antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel therapy,
One dog was diagnosed with polyostotic lymphoma.
increasing the risk of overcontrol at dosages currently used for man-
This study has identified that non-infectious inflammatory disease; in
agement of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Platelet reactivity
particular SRMA, IMPA and metaphyseal osteopathy was commonly
should be monitored during sustained clopidogrel therapy to avoid
diagnosed in this population of pyrexic juvenile dogs and should be
over- or undertreatment.
considered in dogs that do not respond to antibiotics. Congenital dis-
Disclosures
orders should be considered in Border collies.
No disclosures to report.
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
ESVIM-O-9
Vicki Black: Internal medicine residency sponsored by Boehringer
Ingelheim Fiona Whitworth: No disclosures Sophie Adamantos:
Retrospective analysis of presentation and diagnosis in 115 referred
juvenile dogs presenting with pyrexia
V.L. Black, F. Whitworth, S. Adamantos
Bristol Veterinary School, Bristol, United Kingdom
Establishing the cause of pyrexia in dogs can prove challenging. Previ-
Speaker fees: BSAVA, ISFM, EVECC, IVECCS, Vets Now, Bayer Consultancy: Pet Blood Bank, Vets Now, Bayer Grants: Pet Plan, Petsavers (BSAVA), Langford Vets, ACVECC
ESVIM-O-10
ously studies have analysed diagnoses in dogs of all ages presenting
with reproducible pyrexia. Immune-mediated disease has been identified to be most commonly responsible, in 22-33% of dogs, followed
by infectious, neoplastic, and miscellaneous disorders. In human medicine pyrexia in children has been analysed separately, this has
revealed an increased tendency for diagnosis of infectious and collagen disorders compared with adults.
The aim of this study is to describe the diagnoses in juvenile dogs
presenting with pyrexia to a single UK-based referral centre
(2013-2018).
Clinical records of dogs aged 1-18 months presenting with pyrexia
Development of a frailty index to assess the risk of mortality in
the dog
T. Banzato1, M. Canevelli2, R. Di Maggio1, M. Candaten1, E. Nicoletto1,
A. Zotti1
1
Università di Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy, 2Sapienza University, Rome,
Italy
In humans, and in dogs alike, the risk of mortality increases with age.
Such an increase is not uniform and not all the individuals of the same
age have the same risk of mortality. In humans, the risk of mortality
and other adverse outcomes in elderly people is increasingly being
assessed by means of the so-called frailty index (FI). This index is cal-
(≥39.2 C), reproduced during hospitalisation, were retrospectively
culated by considering a checklist of multidimensional health deficits
reviewed. Signalment, history including previous treatment, and diag-
(e.g. symptoms, signs, laboratory abnormalities) potentially accumu-
nosis was recorded. Diagnoses were categorised as non-infectious
lated by the aging individual. To calculate the FI, the actual number of
inflammatory, infectious, congenital, neoplastic, and miscellaneous.
deficits in an individual is counted and divided by the total number of
One hundred and forty cases were identified. Breeds commonly
deficits included in the checklist. In humans, the FI shows a moderate
recorded were beagles (20), Border collies (17), and Labrador
accuracy in the prediction of near term (less than 18 months) mortal-
retrievers (12). Median age at presentation was 8 months (range 2-18
ity. A specific FI has been developed also in mice. We developed a
months). Prior to presentation 123 dogs had received combinations of
dogs-specific FI computed by considering 33 deficits, that was divided
antibiotics (71), non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (68) and steroids (5).
into two parts: the first 19 questions were focused on the general
Seventeen dogs had not received any medications at presentation.
health status as reported by the owner, whereas the second 14 ques-
Diagnosis was reached in 115 cases. In 20 cases pyrexia resolved dur-
tions reported the results of the clinical evaluation of the subject
ing hospitalisation (<3days) without treatment, in four dogs predniso-
along with the findings of the diagnostic and laboratory tests per-
lone was commenced based on a high suspicion of immune-mediated
formed during the routine clinical evaluation. Dogs presented to our
disease, and the remaining dog died before investigations were com-
facility between January 2017 and August 2017 were included. Inclu-
pleted. In the 115 dogs with a secure diagnosis, non-infectious inflam-
sion criteria included a complete clinical evaluation of the subject and
matory disease was identified in 91 cases (79%), infectious disease in
recent (less that 2 months) blood analysis. Fatalities were excluded
19 cases (17%), congenital disorders in 4 dogs (3%), and neoplasia in
from the study. Mortality was assessed six months after the FI was
one dog (1%).
administered. 124 dogs belonging to several different breeds matched
In the non-infectious inflammatory disease group steroid responsive
the inclusion criteria (mean age: 8,26 4,4 years). The developed FI
meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) was diagnosed in 55 dogs (48% of total
had a high diagnostic accuracy in the prediction of near term mortality
diagnosed cases). Immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) was identi-
(six months) with an area under the curve of 0,93 (95% confidence
fied in 15 dogs, and metaphyseal osteopathy was diagnosed in eight
interval (CI)= 0.87-0.97); using a cut-off value of 0,23 the sensitivity
dogs, 5 of these dogs had concurrent inflammatory dermatopathies.
was 78,57% (95% CI= 49.2-95.3) and the specificity of 90,91% (95%
Infectious diseases diagnosed in more than 1 patient included abscess
CI= 83.9-95.6), the positive likelihood ratio was 8.64 (95% CI=
(5), aspiration pneumonia (4), pyothorax (2), and haemorrhagic gastro-
4.5-16.6), the negative likelihood ratio was 0.24 (95% CI = 0.09-0.6).
enteritis (2). Congenital disorders were trapped neutrophil syndrome
There was a moderate (r= 0,454 – 95% CI= 0.301-0.583) but
ABSTRACTS
1052
significant (p= 0.001) correlation between the frailty index and age. A
The results of this study suggest that six months after renal ischemia,
large-scale use of the FI could provide new interesting information
upregulation of inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways persists.
regarding the aging process in the dog.
Additionally, unilateral ischemic injury differentially alters gene
Disclosures
expression in both kidneys.
No disclosures to report.
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
ESVNU-O-1
Bianca Lourenco is the recipient of a scholarship through the Boehringer Ingelheim resident scholar program
Inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathway upregulation in an ischemic
model of feline chronic kidney disease
ESVNU-O-2
B.N. Lourenco, J.L. Tarigo, J.B. Stanton, A.E. Coleman, C.A. Brown,
D. Rissi, S.A. Brown, C.W. Schmiedt
University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, United
States of America
Symmetric Dymethylarginine evaluation and characterization of
proteinuria in dogs with pituitary-dependant hyperadrenocorticism
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common, slowly progressive and
irreversible disorder in domestic cats. Feline CKD is characterized histologically by tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis; however,
the molecular pathways associated with its progression have not been
thoroughly characterized. Our group has recently described a model
of feline CKD that utilizes unilateral in vivo ischemia to induce renal
M. Menard1, J. Vial2, C. Maurey2, D. Rosenberg3, M. Coyne4, R. Murphy4,
C. Trumel5, R. Lavoué6, G. Benchekroun2
1
Alfort Veterinary School, Maisons-Alfort, France, 2Department of Internal Medicine, Alfort Veterinary School, Maisons-Alfort, France, 3Department of Internal Medicine, Micen-Vet, Créteil, France, 4IDEXX,
Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, United States of America, 5Biologie Médicale-Histologie, Centre régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle, ENVT, Toulouse, France, 6IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS,
CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
changes mimicking those of naturally occurring disease. The objective
of this study was to characterize the renal transcriptome in an ische-
Various consequences of canine hyperadrenocorticism on renal func-
mic model of feline CKD using RNA sequencing. We hypothesized
tion have been described. Urinary markers of glomerular and tubular
that 1) tissues from cats with experimental CKD would display
dysfunction, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio [UPC] and glomerular fil-
increased genetic expression of molecular pathways associated with
tration rate [GFR] are known to be increased in dogs with hyperadre-
inflammation and fibrosis, and that 2) in cats having undergone unilat-
nocorticism. Symmetric dimethylarginine [SDMA] may detect early
eral renal ischemia, tissues from the contralateral (i.e., non-ischemic)
kidney dysfunction in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. The aim of the
kidney would show differential genetic expression when compared to
study was to compare renal function at the time of diagnosis among
tissues from control cats.
dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism [PDH], elderly
This study included bilateral renal tissue samples banked from cats
healthy dogs and control dogs (for which low dose dexamethasone
that underwent temporary unilateral renal ischemia six months prior
suppression test was negative), using commercially available tests.
to tissue collection (n = 6) and from healthy cats (control group, n = 9).
Following ethical committee approval, thirty-nine dogs were prospec-
For the CKD model cats, tissues from both the ischemic kidney
tively enrolled: 14 dogs with PDH, 9 control dogs, and 16 healthy
(IK group) and the contralateral, non-ischemic kidney (NIK group)
dogs. Dogs with urinary tract infections or those receiving drugs
were evaluated. Illumina short read sequencing technology was used
potentially affecting kidney function were excluded. All dogs under-
to produce transcriptome sequences from the renal tissues. Reads
went physical examination, blood pressure measurements, routine uri-
were mapped to the reference feline genome (Felis_catus_8.0). Differ-
nalysis, UPC, urinary protein sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel
ential expression analysis was conducted with edgeR at a false discov-
electrophoresis [SDS-AGE], as well as serum urea, creatinine [sCr],
ery rate (FDR) £0.05. Gene ontology analysis was performed using the
and SDMA measurements. Comparisons were made between groups
Panther classification system and the Fisher’s exact test with FDR
using Mann-Whitney test for quantitative variables and Fisher test for
multiple test correction.
distribution of categorical variables.
When tested against the control group, the IK group exhibited 1743
Prevalence of proteinuria and magnitude of UPC were significantly
upregulated and 1196 downregulated genes, and the NIK group dis-
higher in PDH dogs than in healthy dogs (p0.01), but not significantly
played 209 upregulated and 291 downregulated genes. Compared to
different from control dogs (p=0.16). Seven out of 13 dogs with PDH,
the NIK group, there were 849 upregulated genes and 451 downregu-
4/9 control dogs and no healthy dogs had a UPC0.5. sCr concentra-
lated genes in the IK group. Genes associated with the gene ontology
tion was lower in PDH dogs than in healthy dogs (p0.01) but not from
categories of collagen binding (e.g., transforming growth factor b1 and
control dogs (p=0.15). No difference in SDMA values was detected
matrix metalloproteinase [MMP] 13), metalloendopeptidase activity
between groups, nor between proteinuric and non proteinuric dogs.
(e.g., MMP-7, -9, -11, -13, -16, -23B and -28), chemokine activity, T-
sUrea was not different between groups. Serum SDMA was normal in
cell migration, and positive regulation of macrophages chemotaxis
all but 1 healthy dog (16 μg/dL) and sCr was normal in all but 1 dog
were overrepresented in the IK group vs. control. Genes associated
with PDH (200 μmol/L). Among the seven dogs with PDH and pro-
with the extracellular matrix (e.g. tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase
teinuria, moderate (160-180 mmHg) and severe hypertension
1 and connective tissue growth factor) were upregulated in both IK
(≥180 mmHg) were found in 3 and 1 dogs, respectively. Abnormal pat-
and NIK tissues.
terns were found on SDS-AGE in 9/13 (8 glomerular, 1 mixed
ABSTRACTS
patterns) PDH dogs, 4/9 (3 glomerular, 1 mixed patterns) control dogs
1053
ESVNU-O-4
and in 0/16 healthy dogs.
Although PDH dogs were more likely to have proteinuria, renal dysfunction was not evident based on SDMA levels. Proteinuria was partially of glomerular origin in all proteinuric dogs as evaluated by SDSAGE. These results need to be confirmed in a larger cohort and a longitudinal follow-up study is required to identify if SDMA increases
after treatment of PDH and to quantitatively and qualitatively follow
proteinuria especially in proteinuric dogs.
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
M. Coyne and R. Murphy are employees of IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.
Measurement of biochemical parameters was performed by IDEXX
Laboratories free of charge. The residency program of the presenting
author (MM) is sponsored by Royal Canin.
ESVNU-O-3
In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary bacterial
isolates in dogs with chronic kidney disease
A. Lamoureux1, C. Maurey2, H.J. Boulouis3, G. Benchekroun2,
J.L. Cadoré1, E. Krafft1
1
Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy
l'Etoile, France, 2Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de médecine
interne, Maisons-Alfort, France, 3Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, BioPôle Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
An increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is reported in
urinary tract infections in dogs, particularly in those receiving
antimicrobials during the previous 30 days. A high rate (69%) of
multidrug resistance (MDR) has been observed in urinary isolates
from humans with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In dogs with
CKD, the frequency of resistance among urinary isolates is
unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the antimicrobial
susceptibility patterns of urinary tract isolates found in dogs
with CKD.
The clinical utility of glomerular filtration rate measurement in dogs
Aerobic bacterial isolates growth and susceptibility data were col-
M.P. McKenna, L. Pelligand, R.E. Jepson
Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
lected retrospectively from urine cultures of dogs with CKD and sig-
GFR measurement is considered the gold standard for assessment of
between January 2010 and June 2016. A significant bacteriuria was
renal function given direct proportionality to functional renal mass.
defined as finding growth of at least 1000 CFU/mL of urine col-
Although widely used in research settings, there is little published on
lected by cystocentesis. Treatment with antimicrobial within one
clinical utility. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical utility
month preceding sampling was an exclusion criteria. MDR was
of GFR measurement in dogs.
defined as resistance to one agent in at least three separate antimi-
The Royal Veterinary College has offered a GFR service since 2013
crobial categories for which the wild type bacteria would normally
using 3 sample iohexol clearance. In addition to serum sample submis-
be susceptible, whereas possible extreme-drug resistance (XDR)
sion, clinical data pertaining to the patients are requested as part of
was defined as resistance to all except 2 or fewer antimicrobial cate-
the laboratory submission facilitating GFR interpretation. GFR results
gories tested.
and records were reviewed and submitting practices contacted in
Sixty-five dogs with a positive urine culture and CKD were recruited,
order to obtain outcome data. Descriptive analysis provides a prelimi-
representing a total of 70 isolates. Most common isolates were
nificant bacteriuria seen at two veterinary teaching hospitals
nary assessment of clinical utility of GFR measurement.
Escherichia coli (67% of isolates) and coagulase negative Staphylococci
Between 2013-2017, 132 canine GFR assessments were performed;
(9% of isolates). Among all isolates, 11% were susceptible to all tested
the most common reasons for submission being screening for pre-
antimicrobials, 54% were MDR, 19% were possible XDR and 3% were
azotaemic chronic kidney disease (CKD; n=103), cutaneous and renal
resistant to all tested antimicrobials. Escherichia coli was susceptible to
glomerular vasculopathy (n=18) and carboplatin dose adjustment (n=3).
all tested antimicrobials in 15% of cases, MDR in 53% of cases, possi-
Clinical and laboratory findings prompting GFR measurement included
ble XDR in 13% of cases and none was resistant to all drug tested. For
polyuria/polydipsia (n=74), urinary incontinence (n=20), proteinuria
Escherichia coli, percent in-vitro susceptibility was 96% for fluoroqui-
(n=14) and isosthenuria (n=12). Follow-up data were available for 78.8%
nolones, 89% for sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and extended-
and a final diagnosis in 84.6% of dogs. GFR confirmed pre-azotaemic
spectrum cephalosporins, 80% for aminoglycosides, 64% for tetracy-
CKD in 11% of dogs and psychogenic polydipsia in 13.6%. 84 dogs were
clines and penicillins + beta-lactamase inhibitors, 43% for penicillins,
alive at follow-up. In only 1/18 dogs that died/were euthanised was
38% for non-extended spectrum cephalosporins and 32% for
death attributed to CKD. Three dogs developed azotaemic CKD during
polymyxins.
the follow-up period, with median time to onset being 281 days.
Results of the present study suggest that MDR is frequent in dogs
This study suggests that GFR measurement is useful to distinguish
with CKD and bacteriuria, even if a recent antimicrobial treatment has
dogs with pre-azotaemic kidney disease from dogs with psychogenic
not been administered. This finding suggests that urine culture and
polydipsia.
susceptibility testing are indicated in dogs with CKD. A high rate of in-
Disclosures
vitro resistance to penicillins and non-extended spectrum cephalospo-
Disclosures to report.
rins was found. Conversely, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim had a low
Ludovic Pelligand has affiliation with deltaDOT through a Concept
frequency of resistance and could be considered as a first-line
Development Partnership (shared company/RVC investment) which
treatment.
resulted in employment of a postdoctoral researcher for 4 years for
Disclosures
the development of the GFR service.
No disclosures to report.
ABSTRACTS
1054
ESVNU-O-5
ESVNU-O-6
Dogs as reservoirs of uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae to
humans
Urolithiasis prevalence in leishmania infantum-infected dogs treated
with allopurinol in an endemic area of the South of France
C. Marques1, A. Belas1, C. Aboim1, G. Trigueiro2, P. Cavaco-Silva3,
C. Pomba1
1
Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade
de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 2Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Lisboa, Portugal, 3CiiEM,
Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major nosocomial pathogen and the second
most common enterobactereaceae causing UTI in humans. Companion animals (CA) may become infected with K. pneumoniae high-risk
clonal lineages, however little is known about their role as reservoirs.
This study aimed to evaluate the K. pneumoniae faecal colonization in
healthy CA and their household members, and to compare their clonal
relatedness with clinical strains from humans and companion animals
with UTI.
Faecal samples from 17 dogs and 8 cats belonging to 18 households
(total of 24 humans) were collected into sterile containers, after
informed consent. Samples were plated onto MacConkey agar plates
(MCK) with and without 1.5ug/mL cefotaxime or meropenem supplementation. Negative samples were enriched prior to plating. When positive, up-to-five K. pneumoniae colonies were isolated per positive plate.
The clonal relatedness of 80% of faecal K. pneumoniae isolates was
compared after XbaI restriction PFGE with a clinical K. pneumoniae from
UTI (n=25 CA, n=57 human community-acquired UTI, n=19 human
hospital-acquired UTI). Dice/UPGMA with 1.5% tolerance was used.
K. pneumoniae colonization was detected in dogs (41.2%, n=7/17) and
humans (37.5%, n=9/24). All cefotaxime or meropenem supplemented
MCK plates were negative for K. pneumoniae. Overall, most dogs and
humans were colonized with a single strain. Two households (11.1%,
n=2/18) had K. pneumoniae colonized humans and dogs simultaneously. PFGE analysis revealed that in one household, two dogs
shared 100% similar K. pneumoniae with one human. Fourteen unique
K. pneumoniae pulsetypes were obtained from faecal samples. Thirtysix percent faecal strains (n=5/14; three from human and two from
dogs) clustered with UTI K. pneumomiae (Dice index >80%). All five
faecal strains clustered with strains causing UTI in humans. One faecal
strain from a dog (Dog A) was 80.3% similar to one faecal strains from
an unrelated human (Human B). Furthermore, Dog A and Human B
faecal strains clustered with two community-acquired and one hospital acquired UTI K. pneumoniae. Of note, the Dog A strain was 92.3%
similar to the UTI hospital-acquired K. pneumoniae.
This study shows that dogs may become colonized by clonally related
K. pneumoniae to uropathogenic strains from humans. Furthermore,
M.L. Pastor1, C. Marie2, J.L. Cadoré2, G. Bourdoiseau2, D. Rault3
MediVet SA, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Vetagro Sup, Campus de Lyon,
Marcy l'Etoile, France, 3Azurvet, Cagnes Sur Mer, France
1
Allopurinol is a consensual leishmaniostatic drug that increases the
risk of xanthine urolithiasis, a slight to non-radio-opaque (NRO) urolithiasis. Fews reports described urinary obstruction or pyonephrosis
due to xanthine lithiasis. One retrospective study showed lithiasis or
renal mineralization with xanthinuria in 10% of leishmanian dogs treated with allopurinol. To the authors’ experience, this prevalence seems
to be underestimated. The aim of this prospective controlled study is
to evaluate the NRO-urolithiasis prevalence in Leishmania infantuminfected dogs (Leish-dogs) treated with allopurinol in an endemic area.
Client-owned dogs were recruited. The inclusion criteria for Leishdogs (L-group) were a definitive diagnosis of leishmaniasis and an
allopurinol treatment of at least one month. The controlled dogs
(C-group) where clinically healthy, and had a negative serological test
for Leishmania infantum. The exclusion criteria were a severe hepatic
disease, breeds predisposed to NRO urolithiasis and low purine diets.
Complete clinical and blood analysis data were collected. Abdominal
ultrasonography was systematically performed, and if calculi above
2 millimeters were identified, abdominal radiographs completed the
study. All images were recorded and secondly blindly reviewed by the
same board certified radiologist in all dogs. Urine was collected for
classical urinalysis, xanthine measurement, urine xanthine/creatinine
(UXC) ratio and infrared spectrometry of the urine sediment.
Forty dogs were included, 30 in the L-group and 10 in the C-group. The
median duration of allopurinol treatment was 3 years (range: 1 month to
9 years). Urolithiasis was present in 83.3% of dogs in the L-group (76%
in the kidneys) vs. 20% in the C-group (all in the bladder). In the C-group,
the stones were less than 2 mm with struvite crystals. In the L-group,
lithiasis were highly suspected to be xanthine lithiasis because of their
slight to NRO feature, a high xanthinuria, a high UXC ratio and identification of xanthine in the sediment by infrared spectrometry in some dogs.
In the L-group, the amount of renal NRO urolithiasis seemed to increase
with the duration of allopurinol treatment and all the dogs treated since
at least 5 years had slight to NRO renal lithiasis.
Our study showed an unexpectedly very high prevalence of slight to
NRO urolithiasis (highly suspected to be xanthine lithiasis) in Leishdogs treated with allopurinol. A close monitoring of this side effect is
then highly recommended as some ureteral obstruction has been seen
and as it could induce a treatment adaptation.
Disclosures
dogs and humans may share K. pneumoniae within the same house-
Disclosures to report.
hold. These results highlight the role of dogs as reservoirs of
A financial support was provided by Royal Canin.
K. pneumoniae to humans, or viceversa.
Disclosures
ESVNU-O-7
Disclosures to report.
With financial support of
CIISA
and
FCT through
Project
UID/CVT/00276/2013 and JPIAMR/0002/2016. AB and CM
hold
FCT
PhD
grants
SFRH/BD/113142/2015
BD/77886/2011, respectively.
and
SFRH/
Evaluation of prescription, anticoagulation, and metabolic response
to membrane-based therapeutic plasma exchange in dogs
A. Schweighauser, T. Francey
Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
ABSTRACTS
1055
Extracorporeal blood purification techniques have become standard
procedures
in
small
animal
medicine.
Membrane-
centrifugation-based therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) techniques
have been used increasingly to remove pathogenic large-molecular
weight products from the circulating blood, including antibodies,
pathogenic proteins, and protein-bound toxins. The aim of this
study is to describe the technique of membrane-based TPE and the
metabolic
and
physiological
changes
associated
with
ESVNU-O-8
and
the
treatments.
The medical records of all dogs treated with TPE at the Vetsuisse Fac-
Comparative Performance of IDEXX SDMA® Test and the DLD
SDMA ELISA for the Measurement of SDMA in Canine and Feline
Serum
M.J. Coyne1, R. Ernst2, J. Ogeer1, D. McCrann1, J. Cross1,
M. Strong-Townsend1, H. Friis3, C. Clements1, C. Drake1,
R. Murphy1
1
IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, United States of America, 2Fredrikstad Dyrehospital, Fredrikstad, Norway, 3IDEXX Laboratories Danmark
ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
ulty Bern (2011-2017) were reviewed retrospectively to collect data
Kidney disease is common in companion animals, and tradition-
including signalment, treatment indication, prescription, and clinical
ally diagnosed with serum creatinine concentration (sCr), blood
and laboratory parameters associated with the procedure. For descrip-
urea nitrogen, and urine specific gravity. More recently, it has
tive statistics, data are presented as median (interquartile range, IQR)
been
and pre-post procedure comparisons were performed with a
dimethylarginine (SDMA) correlates with glomerular filtration
Wilcoxon-rank-sum test, using a cutoff P-value of 0.05 for statistical
rate, increasing earlier than sCr with acute kidney injury and
significance.
chronic kidney disease. This prospective study compared accu-
Thirty-four dogs have been treated with TPE, including 19 males
racy and precision of two commercial SDMA assays, the IDEXX
(12 intact) and 15 females (5 intact), with an age of 5.2 y (IQR,
SDMA® Test manufactured by IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. and the
2.5-8.5) and a weight of 13.0 kg (IQR, 7.8-30.1). Main indications
SDMA ELISA manufactured by DLD Diagnostika, GmbH. Accu-
for TPE were immune diseases in 29 dogs (immune-mediated
racy and precision for both commercial assays was measured rel-
hemolytic
ative
anemia,
immune-mediated
thrombocytopenia,
demonstrated
to
the
that
the
established
kidney
biomarker
reference
Symmetric
method,
liquid
leptospirosis-associated pulmonary hemorrhages and neuromuscu-
chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Anonymized surplus
lar diseases). Other indications included polysystemic diseases in
canine and feline serum samples submitted to an IDEXX com-
5 dogs (sepsis, microangiopathy), and hyperviscosity in 3 dogs
mercial reference laboratory were used in this study. Thirty
(leishmaniasis). Sixty-four treatments were performed with a dura-
canine and 30 feline serum samples were used to evaluate accu-
tion of 125 min (103-163) and a treatment dose of 1.0 plasma
racy compared to LC-MS. Pooled canine samples with a low
volume exchange (0.94-1.04). Replacement fluid consisted of fresh
SDMA concentration and pooled feline samples with a high
frozen plasma (n=64, 49% of the exchange volume), 20% human
albumin (n=59, 23% volume), 6% HES (n=21, 7% volume), and
0.9% NaCl (n=33, 21% volume. 45 treatments (70%) were performed as stand-alone procedures, the others combined with
hemodialysis. Anticoagulation was provided with regional citrate
(n=24, 38%), systemic heparinization (n=2, 3%), or a combination
of both (n=38, 59%). Treatments resulted in mildly increased systolic blood pressure (+10 mmHg, P=0.008), mildly decreased total
proteins (-12 g/L, P=0.01), moderately decreased plasma fibrinogen (-126 mg/dl, P=0.009) and mild-moderate signs of citrate
SDMA concentration were used to evaluate precision. Using a
best fit linear model, the IDEXX SDMA® Test resulted in a slope
of 1.06 and an intercept of 0.23, with R2 = 0.99, and the DLD
SDMA ELISA resulted in a slope of 0.38 and an intercept of
11.23, with R2 = 0.27. Estimated bias over a clinically relevant
range for SDMA (10 – 45 μg/dL) was 1-3μg/dL for the IDEXX
SDMA® Test, while the DLD SDMA ELISA showed considerable
bias, 5 to -17μg/dL. Day-to-day precision analysis of the low
SDMA concentration samples showed 7.7% total coefficient of
variation (CV) for the IDEXX SDMA® Test and 31.1% for the
DLD SDMA ELISA. For the high SDMA concentration samples,
accumulation with increased total calcium (+1.3 mmol/l, P<0.001)
total CV was 2.3% for the IDEXX SDMA® Test and 28.2% for
and decreased ionized calcium (-0.21 mmol/l, P<0.001). Minor
the DLD SDMA ELISA. In this study the IDEXX SDMA® Test
complications associated with the procedures were observed in
was more accurate and more precise than the DLD SDMA ELISA
14 treatments (22%) and included vomiting, diarrhea, urticaria,
when compared to the reference method of LC-MS, supporting
and technical difficulties due to small patient size. More severe
the conclusion that the IDEXX SDMA® Test is more suitable for
complications were seen in 5 treatments (8%) and included tran-
clinical use in the diagnosis and monitoring of kidney disease in
sient laryngeal edema, chemosis, and early treatment discontinua-
dogs and cats.
tion due to a technical problem.
Disclosures
In view of the severity of the underlying diseases, most complications
Disclosures to report.
were benign and membrane-based TPE therefore can be performed
This study was funded by IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. Jennifer Ogeer,
safely in dogs.
Donald McCrann, Julie Cross, Marilyn Strong-Townsend, Hanne Friis,
Disclosures
Michael Coyne, Celeste Clements, Corie Drake, and Rachel Murphy
Disclosures to report.
are employees of IDEXX Laboratories, the manufacturer of the IDEXX
MSD Animal Health, Boehringer Ingelheim, IDEXX, Hill's Pet Nutrition,
SDMA® Test. The IDEXX SDMA Test was conducted in an IDEXX
Royal Canin, Purina.
commercial reference laboratory.
ABSTRACTS
1056
ESVNU-O-9
Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect 14% of all dogs during
their lifetime. In veterinary patients, collection of urine, by cystocent-
Ultrasound-guided subcutaneous ureteral bypass and microsurgical
ureterotomy in cats with obstructive ureterolith
esis, for quantitative bacterial culture (QBC) is the current gold standard for diagnosing UTIs. To ensure accurate results, immediate
E.M. Butty, M.A. Labato
Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, United States of America
culture is recommended. However, most general practitioners do not
Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass (SUB) is a novel treatment alternative
boric acid, have been traditionally used but previous veterinary stud-
that has become more and more popular over the last years to treat ure-
ies suggest that these methods can significantly increase the number
teral obstructions in cats. However, the currently described method
of false-negative results.
requires fluoroscopic guidance. The aim of this retrospective study is to
An effective method of preserving urine at room temperature is there-
describe an ultrasound-guided method of SUB placement and a micro-
fore desirable. The use of charcoal bacteriology swab has been sug-
surgical procedure to perform an ureterotomy with stone removal.
gested by some laboratories to store and transport urine when
Twenty-one cats with ureteral obstruction were treated with ultrasound-
immediate culture is not possible. The aim of this study was to investi-
guided SUB placement. The correct placement was intraoperatively con-
gate the use of standard bacteriology swabs for storage of canine
firmed by ultrasound-guided flush of the device. In all but 2 cases, the
urine at room temperature. We compared urine stored at room tem-
SUB device was placed without complication. In the first case, the string
perature for 48h, either in a sterile tube, or stored in a bacteriology
of the nephrostomy tube lead to urine leakage in the subcutaneous tissue,
swab, to a reference QBC on a fresh sample.
corrected surgically 9 days later. In the second case, the nephrostomy
Canine urine samples obtained by cystocentesis at AHT between April
tube tip ended up subcapsular and led to a communication when pulled
2017 and February 2018 were prospectively included in the study.
back into the pelvis, causing a subcapsular accumulation of urine, resolved
Samples were inoculated within 4h of collection for reference QBC. A
after 2 months. Thirteen microsurgical ureterotomies were performed on
bacteriology swab was immersed in the urine and returned to its origi-
12 cats at the time of SUB placement. One ureterotomy was complicated
nal tube. The urine samples were kept in the original sterile container
by extrusion of purulent urine. The ureterotomy allowed stone removal in
and both samples, sterile container and bacteriology swab, were
all but 2 cases. All 11 ureteroliths analysis identified calcium oxalate
stored at room temperature. After 48h, the urine samples with a posi-
monohydrate. Two of the 8 cultures on pyelocentesis were positive while
tive culture were inoculated for standard QBC, again. A total of
the preoperative cultures on cystocentesis were negative.
213 urine samples were included, 16.4% (35/213) of the initial cul-
The most frequent postoperative complications were transient worsen-
tures were positive and 14.2% (5/35) of those had a mixed bacterial
ing of the azotemia and severe polyuria. The most serious complications
growth. Urine stored in a sterile container and bacteriology swab cul-
related to the SUB placement included a severe postoperative acute kid-
tured 48h after sample collection had identical sensitivity of 94.6%
ney injury that required 8 days of peritoneal dialysis for the case with
and a 95% CI [81.81%-99.34%] for UTI detection. Considering all the
communication between the pelvis and subcapsular space. The case of
colonies isolated in the initial samples, the sensitivity for bacterial spe-
subcutaneous leakage was discharged the day after its surgical correc-
cies detection of urine stored in a sterile container and a bacteriology
tion. Another case with bilateral obstruction was euthanized 4 days post
swab was 91.1% and 93.1% respectively. No samples showed growth
surgery for persistent severe azotemia, hypotension and coagulopathy.
of a bacterial species not isolated from the initial sample. In contrast
One case of dysequilibrium syndrome was suspected secondary to a
to previous studies, the results of the current study suggest that the
severe diuresis with rapid decrease of the azotemia. Fifteen of the
use of a urine soaked bacteriology swab or sterile containers are both
21 cats are still alive at the time of writing. All but 2 of their SUB device
reliable methods for detecting UTI after storage of canine urine for up
remain patent. The 2 cases with a non patent device did not present with
to 48h at room temperature.
recurrent hydronephrosis, leading to the suspicion of a patent ureter sec-
Disclosures
ondary to the ureterotomy performed at the time of SUB placement.
No disclosures to report.
perform urine culture in-house and samples must be sent to an external laboratory. Refrigeration or the addition of preservatives, such as
This study suggest that ultrasound-guided SUB is a safe procedure to
perform on a pelvis under pressure. The microsurgical ureterotomy
ESVONC-O-1
with stone removal may avoid recurrence of hydronephrosis in case
of SUB device obstruction.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVNU-O-10
Tumor-specific microRNA expression in canine intestinal T-cell
lymphomas and analysis of microRNA function in a canine T-cell
lymphoma cell line
K. Weber1, M. Leipig-Rudolph2, D. Joos1
1
LMU Munich, München, Germany, 2Fachpraxis für Tierpathologie Bomhard/Pfleghaar, Munich, Germany
The histopathological differentiation between canine intestinal lym-
The utility of charcoal bacteriology swabs for storage of urine prior
to culture
phoma and lymphoplasmacellular enteritis can be difficult and often
G. Olivares1, D. Hermes1, K. Hughes1, L. Clarke1, J. Warland2
1
Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom, 2Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
sion patterns have already been detected in different tumor types in
requires additional diagnostic procedures. Specific microRNA expreshumans and animals. Studies on the function of microRNAs in tumor
ABSTRACTS
1057
cells may help to understand tumor pathogenesis. The aim of this
of MC at the time of completion of AC-based protocols. The aim of
study was to compare microRNA expression patterns in samples of
this study was to assess time to progression (TTP) and median survival
intestinal T-cell lymphoma, lymphoplasmacellular enteritis, and
time (MST) in dogs with stage I-II splenic HSA and to compare differ-
healthy gut tissue. Additionally, microRNAs that were highly differen-
ent treatment protocols.
tially expressed in lymphomas were selected, and their effect on cell
Medical records of 10 institutions were searched for dogs diagnosed
death and cell proliferation was studied in the canine T-cell lymphoma
with surgically excised stage I-II splenic HSA treated with adjuvant AC
cell line CL-1.
or MC. Patients receiving MC following completion of AC-based pro-
Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples of canine T-cell lympho-
tocols were assigned to an additional group (anthracycline/metro-
mas, lymphoplasmacellular enteritis, and normal gut tissue were used
nomic, AMC). The MST and TTP were assessed and compared;
(n=8 each group). The samples were selected in retrospect from mate-
prognostic variables included breed, gender, age, body weight, stage,
rial submitted for diagnostic purposes. Total RNA was extracted and
mitotic index, treatment type and number of chemotherapy cycles for
the microRNAs were reverse transcribed. In a pilot study, the expres-
the AC/AMC groups.
sion of 192 different microRNAs was compared on custom-made
Ninety-four dogs were included: median age was 9.7 years (range
arrays for two samples per group. Twelve microRNAs that were highly
differentially expressed in the lymphoma group were selected and
their expression was compared in all 24 samples using single microRNA qPCR assays. Five of these microRNAs were transfected as
microRNA-mimics and microRNA-inhibitors into the T-cell lymphoma
cell line CL-1. Cell viability and cell toxicity were measured after 48h
using the Multitox-Fluor Multiplex Cytotoxicity Assay (Promega).
Intestinal T-cell lymphomas display a microRNA expression pattern
that differentiates them from healthy gut tissue and lymphoplasmacellular enteritis. In the tumor samples, a significant up-regulation of the
microRNAs miR-18b, miR-20b, miR-363 was found, which are part of
the miR-106~363 cluster. A significant down-regulation was found
for the tumor-suppressing microRNAs miR-192 and miR-203. The
transfection of these microRNAs in CL1-cells had distinct effects on
their proliferation.
3.9-15) and median body weight 27.25 kg (range 4.8-54.5). All
patients underwent splenectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy:
50 dogs received anthracycline-based protocols (40 doxorubicin
[DOX], 5 epirubicin [EPI], 5 pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin [PG-DOX]), 20 dogs received MC (18 cyclophosphamide, 2 chlorambucil) and 24 dogs received EPI (13), DOX (10) or PG-DOX (1),
followed by MC once the protocol ended (AMC group). The overall
MST was 193 days (range 47-3352) and the overall median TTP was
131 days (range 27-909). The MST was 149 days for the AC group
(range 47-3352), 225 days for the MC group (range 57-911) and
338 days for the AMC group (range 79-1623). Survival was significantly longer in the AMC group vs the AC group (p= 0.0029) as well
as TTP (183 vs 125 days, p=0.029), although no difference could be
found between the MC group vs the AC or AMC group. Dogs receiv-
MicroRNA expression patterns could prove useful in the diagnosis of
ing > 3 treatments with anthracyclines in the AMC vs the AC group
canine T-cell lymphomas, and microRNAs from the miR-106~363
survived significantly longer (338 vs 172 days, p=0.0015). No other
cluster have effects on the proliferation of canine T cell lymphoma
factors appeared to affect survival or TTP.
cells. Overexpression of the miR-106~363 cluster has been shown to
This study suggests that the efficacy of adjuvant MC may be compara-
induce T-cell lymphomas in mice, and high expression has been found
ble to that of AC alone or followed by MC and the use of MC at the
in human T-cell leukemia. These microRNAs may play a role in tumor
time of completion of AC-based protocols may be able to significantly
formation of T cells in several species and may represent a suitable
prolong survival and TTP when compared to AC alone. Further large-
target for translational cancer research.
scale studies are necessary to define the role of MC in the treatment
Disclosures
of canine HSA.
No disclosures to report.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVONC-O-2
ESVONC-O-3
Retrospective comparison of first line adjuvant anthracycline versus
metronomic-based chemotherapy protocols in the treatment of
stage i-ii, canine splenic haemangiosarcoma
Incidence of post-operative complications and outcome of 48 dogs
undergoing surgical management of insulinoma
E. Treggiari1, J.F. Borrego2, I. Gramer3, P. Valenti4, A. Harper5,
R. Finotello5, P. Laomedonte1, C. Toni6, G. Romanelli1
1
Centro Specialistico Veterinario, Milan, Italy, 2Auna Especialidades
Veterinarias, Paterna, Valencia, Spain, 3Davies Veterinary Specialists,
Higham Gobion, Herts, United Kingdom, 4Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa,
Samarate, Varese, Italy, 5University of Liverpool, Small Animal Teaching
Hospital, Neston, Cheshire, United Kingdom, 6Willows Veterinary Centre
and Referral Centre, Solihull, West Midlands, United Kingdom
I. Del Busto Castro1, E. Treggiari2, P. Silvestrini1, D. Batchelor1,
A.J. German1, E. O'Connell1, G. Romanelli3, K. Murtagh4
1
University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom, 2Willows referral, Shirley, United Kingdom, 3Centro Specialistico Veterinario, Milan, Italy,
4
Anderson Moores, Winchester, United Kingdom
Treatment for canine splenic haemangiosarcoma (HSA) includes sur-
rently the preferred treatment for insulinoma, with dogs treated surgi-
gery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Adjunctive metronomic chemother-
cally surviving significantly longer than those treated conservatively
apy (MC) has been shown to result in similar survivals when compared
(median survival 381 days versus 74 days). Prognostic factors for insu-
to anthracyclines (AC), whilst there are discordant results on the use
linoma
Insulinoma is the most common canine pancreatic tumour and is likely
to metastasise to regional lymph nodes, liver and lungs. Surgery is cur-
are
poorly-described.
In
one
study,
postoperative
ABSTRACTS
1058
hypoglycaemia was a negative prognostic factor, however significance
study was therefore to review the attitudes and determine owners’
of other factors such as postoperative complications is currently
opinions of the treatments available for canine osteosarcoma. As part of
unknown.
this study, we aimed to understand the motivations behind selecting a
Aim of this retrospective multicentre cross-sectional study was to
particular treatment and particularly the owners’ attitude to amputation.
report post-operative complications and their significance in survival
This retrospective study surveyed dog owners using bespoke online
following surgical management of insulinoma and to identify potential
questionnaires. IWH, Deerhound, Rottweiler and Greyhound owners
prognostic factors that could predict subsequent development of dia-
with and without experience of osteosarcoma were surveyed along-
betes mellitus.
side owners of any dog without experience of osteosarcoma. There
Clinical records were reviewed to identify patients diagnosed with
were 154 owners of dogs affected by osteosarcoma and 96 owners
insulinoma based on histopathology and a total of 48 dogs were
without experience of osteosarcoma.
enrolled from three referral hospitals in Europe. Cox’s regression was
Of the 154 respondents with experience of osteosarcoma: 23 selected
used to determine factors associated with post-operative survival and
chemotherapy and amputation, 14 selected amputation alone,
relapse, whilst logistic regression was used to determine factors asso-
12 selected chemotherapy alone. The remaining 105 dogs received
ciated with the development of diabetes mellitus.
combination palliative care (which included 10 dogs receiving radio-
Median age at diagnosis was 7.5y (ranging from 4.5y to 11y) and vari-
therapy, as well as those receiving conventional analgesia, bispho-
ous breeds were represented, with West Highland (8/48) white terriers
sphonates and glucocorticoids) or were euthanized soon after
and Boxers (8/48) the most common. Clinical signs at the time of diag-
diagnosis. Of those owners choosing to treat their dogs, 83% felt their
nosis were mainly associated with hypoglycaemia, with seizures and
dog tolerated amputation ‘well’ and 74% would recommend amputa-
collapse occurring most frequently. The median duration of clinical
tion to others. Furthermore, 80% felt their dog tolerated chemother-
signs before diagnosis was 60 days (ranging from 1d to 282d). Diabetes
apy ‘well’ and 71% would recommend chemotherapy to others. Of the
mellitus and pancreatitis were the most common post-operative com-
respondents that selected radiotherapy as part of their palliative care
plications, occurring in 9 and 5 dogs, respectively. The diabetes mellitus
protocol, 78% felt their dog tolerated the therapy ‘well’.
was persistent in all cases (9/48, 19%), whilst a further 7 dogs (15%)
Owners were significantly less likely to select amputation for osteosar-
developed short-term post-operative hyperglycaemia (average duration
coma than non-cancerous reasons (P<0.0001). Additionally, owners of
2.5d), which did not require exogenous insulin administration.
older dogs were significantly less likely to select amputation (P<0.0001).
Using logistic regression no pre-operative factors were found to be
We can conclude that treatments available for osteosarcoma are well
significantly associated with the development of post-operative dia-
received by owners who consider them to be well tolerated by their
betes mellitus. Presence of seizures at diagnosis (P 0.03), stage of dis-
dogs. This study indicates a good quality-of-life in large breed dogs
ease (P 0.04), development of post-operative hypoglycaemia (P 0.004)
that have undergone amputation and thus goes some way to dispel
and pancreatitis (P 0.0004) were all independently and negatively
the dogma that amputation is poorly tolerated in these breeds. These
associated with survival. The likelihood of relapse was positively asso-
results provide an evidence-base which veterinary surgeons can use
ciated with the stage of disease, post-operative hypoglycaemia and
to help owners make therapeutic decisions in large-breed dogs suffer-
pancreatitis.
ing with osteosarcoma. Larger studies involving greater numbers of
In the current study, post-operative diabetes mellitus developed more
dogs and a wider range of breeds will help expand this dataset and
common than previously reported, but no factors were identified that
determine whether these opinions are shared by all owners of dogs
might be useful predictors. Stage of the disease, post-operative hypo-
affected by osteosarcoma, ultimately providing a more extensive
glycaemia and pancreatitis were all associated with a greater likeli-
evidence-base for therapeutic decision-making.
hood of relapse and decreased survival time, and could be used when
Disclosures
advising clients about prognosis
No disclosures to report.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVONC-O-4
ESVONC-O-5
Assessing serum clusterin as a potential biomarker for canine
lymphoma
Owners' perceptions of the treatment of Osteosarcoma in large
breed dogs
K.A. McNaught, J.S. Morris, M. McLaughlin
University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
E. Holdsworth, M. Dunning
University of Nottingham, Sutton bonington, United Kingdom
Clusterin (apoliprotein J) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein, widely
Osteosarcoma is the commonest primary canine bone tumour. An
esis, apoptosis, and immunoregulation. In humans, clusterin expression
expressed throughout the body, with an important role in tumourigen-
increased incidence is seen in Irish Wolfhounds (IWH), Deerhounds,
has been associated with anaplastic large cell and Hodgkin’s lym-
Greyhounds and Rottweilers. The current gold-standard treatment for
phoma. The objective of this study was to determine if clusterin
osteosarcoma is amputation with adjunctive chemotherapy. To our
expression differed significantly between dogs with high grade multi-
knowledge there are no veterinary studies specifically surveying owners’
centric lymphoma (MLSA), and a healthy control population and had
thoughts regarding treatment of canine osteosarcoma. The aim of this
potential as a biomarker. We hypothesised that serum clusterin
ABSTRACTS
1059
expression would be higher in untreated dogs with lymphoma in com-
eBioscience, diluted to 1:100), VEGF (Clone JH121, Thermo Scientific,
parison to controls, and that clusterin would subsequently decrease
diluted to 1:100) and CD31 (Clone JC70A, Dako, diluted to 1:20)
with clinical remission, following successful treatment.
expression and its association with several clinicopathological charac-
Twelve dogs with untreated, high grade, MLSA were compared to
teristics. Additionally female dogs were followed-up for a 2 years
twelve control dogs and to a third population of twelve dogs, with
period, to elucidate the potential association of TGFβ and FoxP3 with
MSLA,
angiogenesis and clinical outcome in malignant CMT.
treated
with
chemotherapy
(Cyclophosphamide
-C,
doxorubicin- H, vincristine-O, prednisolone-P protocol) and in com-
The high levels of TGFβ were associated with skin ulceration (p =
plete remission. Dogs in the untreated population were stage IV (n=4)
0.018), tumor necrosis (p = 0.024), high mitotic index (p < 0.001),
and stage V (n=8); substage a (n=4), or substage b (n=8). Those in the
marked nuclear pleomorphism (p = 0.001), poor tumor differentiation
treated population, were stage II (n=1), stage III (n=3), stage IV (n=7)
(p < 0.001), high histological grade of malignancy HGM (p < 0.001),
and stage V (n=1); substage a (n=5), or substage b (n=7). Serum clus-
presence of neoplastic intravascular emboli (p < 0.001) and presence
terin levels in all 36 dogs were determined using Western Blot analy-
of lymph node metastases (p < 0.001). The levels of TGFβ were posi-
sis (AbCam antibody, 104652) and with a commercial canine clusterin
tively correlated with intratumoral FoxP3 (r = 0.719; p < 0.001), VEGF
ELISA kit (BioVendor).
(r = 0.378; p = 0.002) and CD31 (r = 0.511; p < 0.001). Tumors with
Western blot analysis of serum detected clusterin at 37kDa and opti-
concurrent high expression of TGFβ/FoxP3, TGFβ/VEGF and TGFβ/
cal density values determined using Image J software. Clusterin
CD31 markers were associated with parameters of tumor malignancy
expression levels generated from Western Blot analysis and ELISA
(high HGM, presence of neoplastic vascular emboli and presence of
showed a significant correlation (Pearsons r = 0.6271). Statistical anal-
lymph node metastasis). Additionally tumors with abundant TGFβ and
ysis (Student’s t-test) of the relative clusterin level in the control popu-
with concurrent high expression of TGFβ/FoxP3, TGFβ/VEGF and
lation found clusterin to be significantly higher than both untreated
TGFβ/CD31 were associated with shorter overall survival (OS) time
(p=0.001) and treated (p=0.0097) MLSA populations when assessed
(p < 0.001). Interestingly TGFβ/FoxP3 class retained the association
by Western Blot analysis. In addition clusterin levels were statistically
with shorter OS in multivariate analysis, arising as independent predic-
significantly higher in the treated compared to untreated MLSA popu-
tor of poor prognosis (9.731 hazard ratio, p < 0.001).
lations (Student’s t-test, p=0.0167). When all three populations were
In conclusion, results of this study suggest that TGFβ and Treg cells
directly compared via ELISA, both untreated and treated groups were
share important pathways contributing to tumoral angiogenis and
significantly lower than the control (Kruskal-Wallis test, p=0.0019).
CMT progression and malignancy.
In conclusion, serum clusterin expression was reduced in MLSA com-
Disclosures
pared to a control population, with partial recovery in response to
No disclosures to report.
treatment. Clusterin expression varies widely between individuals
especially within the control group and a single measurement may be
ESVONC-O-9
insufficient for diagnosis. However, in combination with other biomarkers, clusterin may be of use for diagnosis and to monitor treatment response and relapse.
Disclosures
N. Milevoj1, U. Lampreht Tratar2, A. Nemec1, A. Brožic2, K. Žnidar3,
G. Serša2, M. Cemažar2, N. Tozon1
1
University of Ljubljana, Veterinary faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2Institute
of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 3University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
No disclosures to report.
ESVONC-O-7
TGFβ, FOXP3 and angiogenesis in malignant canine mammary
tumors: association with clinicopathological parameters and
prognosis
1
A combination of gene electrotransfer of canine IL-12,
electrochemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of
canine oral malignant melanoma
1
1
1
2
F.L. Queiroga , M.I. Carvalho , J. Prada , C. Pinto , H. Gregório ,
T. Pinto1, I. Pires1
1
University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal, 2Centro Hospitalar Veterinário, Porto, Portugal
Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is a locally aggressive nonodontogenic oral tumor in dogs that usually metastasizes to the
regional lymph nodes and lungs. Radical surgical excision is considered
the golden standard of treatment, but multimodal approach to the
treatment is recommended. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy and
immunotherapy have all been employed in the treatment of canine
In human breast cancer the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and
OMM with some success. In the present study, we evaluated the effi-
FoxP3 regulatory T cells (Treg) shared signaling pathways have a cru-
cacy of a multimodal treatment protocol for canine OMM combining
cial impact in several tumor hallmark steps, including angiogenesis,
cytoreductive surgery, electrochemotherapy with bleomycin (ECT)
facilitating nutrient exchange and metastasis that result in tumor pro-
and gene electrotransfer with plasmid encoding canine IL-12 (IL-
gression. In canine mammary tumors (CMT) this topic is not well
12 GET).
documented yet.
Nine dogs with OMM (clinical stage I to III), where clients declined
This study included 67 malignant CMT obtained by surplus material
radical surgery or previous surgery resulted in an incomplete excision,
after regular diagnosis for clinical purposes. Here we studied, by
were included. Five dogs (Group I) with primary OMM underwent
immunohistochemistry, the tumoral TGFβ (TGFβ1 antibody, Santa
intracapsular excision of the tumor and ECT (bleomycin 0.3 mg/kg bw
Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1:100), FoxP3 (Clone eBio7979,
IV), followed by IL- 12 GET (2mg/patient, injected in two sites close
ABSTRACTS
1060
to the tumor submucosally). For ECT plate electrodes were used
endoglin, VEGF, VEGFR2 and GAPDH were measured by semiquanti-
(8 pulses, 1300 V/cm, pulse duration 100μs, frequency 5 kHz),
tative RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney
whereas for GET, multi-array electrodes (MAE) were chosen (1 pulse,
U test and Chi-squared test, with statistical significance set at
60 V, pulse duration 150 ms). Four dogs (Group II) with recurrent/
P < 0.05.
incompletely excised OMM were also treated with ECT and GET.
The groups with high microvessel counts showed significantly higher
The results show a 66% (6/9) objective response rate (ORR) with 44%
mRNA levels of vWF (P = 0.02) and endoglin (P = 0.01) than that with
(4/9) complete response (CR) 1 month after the treatment. Although
low microvessel counts. VEGFR2 mRNA level was significantly corre-
progressive disease (PD) occurred in 8/9 patients at the end of obser-
lated with vWF mRNA level (P = 0.004), and tended to associate with
vation period (2-21 months, median 5 months), we achieved a mean
the microvessel counts (P = 0.08). VEGF mRNA level was not corre-
survival time (MST) of 7 and 12 months in Groups 1 and 2, respec-
lated with the microvessel counts (P = 0.50) and vWF mRNA level
tively. Three patients with stage III OMM survived from 5 months to
(P = 0.10).
1 year and 2 of them were euthanized due to OMM-unrelated rea-
This study showed that mRNA levels of endothelial markers were
sons. The achieved survival times are longer than the reported survival
associated with histological measurements of microvessels in sponta-
times for stage III OMM treated with radical surgical excision alone
neous canine tumors, although the difference between two markers,
(MST 3 months) or combined with radiotherapy (MST 5 months). In
vWF and enoglin, against microvessel counts was not clear. Our
addition, we observed a decline in the percentage of regulatory T cells
results suggest that mRNA measurements from samples taken by fine
(Treg) in the peripheral blood in the course of treatment, which could
needle aspiration would be alternative evaluation method of prognos-
be attributed to a systemic antitumor response due to IL-12. No major
tic factors. In addition, VEGFR2 mRNA level was associated with the
side effects of the treatment were noted and the therapy was toler-
amount of microvessels. This result indicates that measurement of
ated well by all patients.
VEGFR2 mRNA would be useful as a therapeutic predictive factor for
In conclusion, the combination of cytoreductive surgery, ECT bleo and
VEGFR2-targeted drug, such as toceranib.
IL-12 GET may be beneficial for dogs with OMM, especially when
Disclosures
other treatment approaches are not acceptable due to their invasive-
No disclosures to report.
ness (major surgical procedure) or cost.
Disclosures
ISCAID-O-1
No disclosures to report.
ESVONC-O-10
Evaluation of angiogenesis using semiquantitative RT-PCR for
endothelial markers in various canine tumors
M. Kimura, N. Uchida, A. Iguchi, Y. Hoshino, D. Fukui, M. Yamasaki
Iwate university, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
Prevalence of feline coronavirus shedding and associated risk factors
in catteries
S. Felten1, U. Klein1, M. Bergmann1, S. Unterer1, N. Pantchev2,
C.M. Leutenegger3, K. Hartmann1
1
Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,
2
IDEXX Vet Med Labor GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany, 3IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Ludwigsburg, Germany
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection is common in multi-cat house-
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor progression, and microvessel den-
holds. The exact prevalence of FCoV in German catteries, however, is
sity is known as a prognostic factor for many solid tumors. Recently,
unknown, as are factors influencing FCoV prevalence. Aim of the
anti-angiogenic therapy has been a potential therapeutic strategy for
study was to determine FCoV prevalence in German catteries and to
various types of tumor. Histological assessment has only been
evaluate risk factors for FCoV infection.
reported for evaluating the angiogenesis in current veterinary medi-
Faecal samples of 239 cats from catteries across Germany were exam-
cine. For this reason, evaluating the angiogenesis is difficult in patients
ined for FCoV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Owners had to com-
without surgery. Therefore, a novel evaluation method is needed. The
plete a questionnaire to identify risk factors concerning husbandry and
aim of this study was to assess whether histological measurements of
breeding management. Additionally, faeces were examined for the pres-
blood vessels is associated with mRNA levels of endothelial markers
ence of other intestinal pathogens (feline panleukopenia virus, Giardia
such as vWF and endoglin in spontaneous canine tumors. Additionally,
species (spp.), Tritrichomonas foetus, Toxoplasma gondii, Clostridium per-
we investigated the relationships between endothelial markers and
fringens alpha toxin and enterotoxin, Salmonella spp., Cryptosporidium
angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli) by PCR and helminth
and VEGF receptor2 (VEGFR2).
infestation by faecal flotation. Fisher’s exact test and multivariate logis-
This study was included 25 various spontaneous canine tumors. For
tic regression analysis were used to detect correlations between FCoV
evaluation of angiogenesis, paraffin-embedded sections were stained
infection and risk factors.
with antibodies to vWF. The entire tumor section was first observed
The prevalence of FCoV in catteries was 61.9% (148/239). Factors
at low-power field (x40) to select the most vascularized areas (hot-
with significant influence after multivariate analysis on the prevalence
spots) and then under a high-power field (HPF) (x400) the stained
of FCoV shedding were regularly performed faecal examinations for
microvessels were counted. The sections were divided into two
endoparasites (p=0.032; Odds Ratio (OR): 1.884; 95% confidence
groups: high microvessel counts (≥ 12 vessels / HPF) and low micro-
interval (95%CI): 1.057-3.360) and detection of Clostridium perfringens
vessel counts (< 12 vessels / HPF). mRNA expression levels of vWF,
enterotoxin (p=0.036; OR: 3.036; 95%CI: 1.078-8.556). Other factors,
ABSTRACTS
1061
such as the number of cats housed together, did not have significant
ISCAID-O-3
influence on the presence of FCoV infection.
Approximately two thirds of all cats in German catteries are infected
with FCoV. Cats regularly examined for endoparasites are less likely
to be infected. The presence of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin
Long-term follow-up and prognostic factors in canine leishmaniasis
in a non-endemic country, a retrospective cohort study
Disclosures
M.K. de Jong, A. Rappoldt, C.J. Piek
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands,
Utrecht, Netherlands
Disclosures to report.
Leishmania infantum is an intracellular protozoan parasite which is
Dr. Christian Leutenegger is the Head of Molecular Diagnostics at
endemic in countries in the Mediterranean basin often with high
IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. Dr. Nikola Pantchev is employed at IDEXX
prevalence. Leishmaniasis is increasingly diagnosed in non-endemic
Laboratories, Ludwigsburg. This laboratory performed the PCR testing
areas due to relocation and travelling of dogs from endemic geo-
in this study. IDEXX played no role in the study design, in the collec-
graphic areas. Prognosis of Leishmaniasis in these dogs may differ
tion and interpretation of data, or in the decision to submit the manu-
from those in endemic areas due to the absence of an appropriate
seems to have an influence on FCoV shedding.
script for publication. There is no commercial conflict of interest as
the information generated here is solely for scientific dissemination.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
vector. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the KaplanMeier estimated survival time for dogs with Leishmaniasis in the
non-endemic Netherlands and (2) to determine if clinical staging and
clinicopathological variables at time of diagnosis can predict survival
ISCAID-O-2
of these dogs.
The database of the University Clinic of Companion Animals of the
Novel hepatitis B-like hepadnavirus identified in a feline
immunodeficiency virus-infected domestic cat
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University was interrogated
M. Aghazadeh1, M. Shi1, V.R. Barrs1, A.J. McLuckie1, S. Lindsay1,
B. Jameson2, E.C. Holmes1, J.A. Beatty1
1
University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia, 2Vets@Acacia Gardens,
Quakers Hill, NSW, Australia
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), a pathogen of domestic cats
worldwide, is classified alongside human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) in the genus Lentivirus, family Retroviridae. Like HIV infection in
people, FIV causes progressive immune dysfunction. Unlike HIV, the
natural clinical course of FIV is unpredictable. Most HIV-AIDSdefining illnesses in humans result from copathogens. The role of
for Leishmaniasis patients. Included were dogs with a diagnosis of
Leishmaniasis based on the clinical presentation (e.g. non-pruritic
cutaneous disease, clinicopathologic changes such as cytopenias, proteinuric renal disease and hyperglobulinemia) combined with confirmation of Leishmaniasis by a positive anti-Leishmania titer, or the
presence of Leishmania amastigotes in biopsies. Patient records were
reviewed for signalment, clinicopathological data at moment of diagnosis, incl. complete blood count, biochemistry, protein spectrum and
urine analysis, and lastly the Canine Leishmania Working Group clinical staging system class. Follow-up was performed at the time of the
study by phone contact and included received treatment, and date
copathogens in natural FIV infection is poorly understood.
The aim of this study was to identify potential viral copathogens from
and cause of death if deceased. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were
FIV-associated lymphoma using transcriptome analysis. TruSeq
compared between groups using a Log Rank test. Multivariate analysis
paired-end libraries were prepared from ribosome-depleted RNA from
was performed using the COX proportional hazards regression model.
13 high-grade B-cell lymphomas arising in FIV-infected cats. Total
In total 47 dogs were included. The overall estimated Kaplan-Meier
RNA sequencing yielded 40-50 million reads per library. Bioinformat-
survival time was 6.4 years (95% CI 1.8-11 years). The estimated
ics analyses identified eight hepatitis-B virus-associated reads sharing
Kaplan-Meier survival times did not differ between class C and class
73-94% amino acid identity with the core protein, surface protein,
D dogs. In the univariate analysis increases in monocytes, plasma urea
and polymerase of hepadnaviruses, suggesting a novel virus. The pres-
and creatinine concentrations and urine protein to creatinine ratio
ence of genome fragments was validated by PCR and sequencing of
were all significantly associated with shorter survival time. The multi-
tumour DNA. The entire 3187bp genome was subsequently obtained
variate model identified a decrease in hematocrit and an increase in
by PCR. Polymerase, surface, core and X ORFs typical of orthohepad-
plasma creatinine concentration and total protein as negative prog-
naviruses were identified. Analyses of polymerase protein revealed
nostic factors.
63.2% to 68.7% amino acid identity with known orthohepadnaviruses.
It can be concluded that dogs diagnosed and treated against Leish-
This genetic distance merits assignment of a new species within the
maniasis in the Netherlands in general have a long survival time in
genus
comparison to a comparable cohort in a German study. The presence
Orthohepadnavirus,
tentatively
named
domestic
cat
hepadnavirus.
of protein-losing renal disease was a strong negative predictor of sur-
This is the first hepadnavirus infection identified in a felid and the first
vival. Interestingly, clinical staging at time of diagnosis did not seem to
report of a hepadnavirus in a companion species. Domestic cats fre-
predict survival in this population.
quently interact with humans as well as other pets and wildlife. The
Disclosures
epidemiology and pathogenic potential of this novel hepadnavirus for
Disclosures to report.
cats and other mammals, including humans, should be investigated.
Both M.K. de Jong and C.J. Piek are employed by the Department of
Disclosures
Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medi-
No disclosures to report.
cine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
ABSTRACTS
1062
ISCAID-O-4
VIFOR (financial support for other studies), Henry Schein Animal
Health (speaker honoraria).
Reduction in incidence of canine leptospirosis in Switzerland
correlates with the introduction of a new quadrivalent antileptospiral vaccine
T. Francey1, A. Schweighauser1, A. Reber2, S. Schuller1
Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2Washington
State University, Pullman, United States of America
1
A marked increase in incidence of acute canine leptospirosis was
documented in Switzerland between 2003 and 2012 with 70% of
infected dogs showing serologic evidence of infection with serogroup
Australis. In 2013, a new tetravalent killed whole cell anti-leptospiral
vaccine (Nobivac® L4, MSD Animal Health) was introduced onto the
Swiss market. This vaccine includes serogroups Australis and Grippotyphosa in addition to serogroups Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae
present in the previously available bivalent vaccines (L2). It had shown
excellent protection against experimental challenge of dogs with heterologous strains from the same serogroups. Aim of this retrospective
longitudinal case control vaccine efficiency study was to examine
whether the introduction of L4 is associated with a reduction in hospital incidence of canine leptospirosis.
Dogs with leptospirosis (n=211) or acute kidney injury not due to leptospirosis (AKI-nL, n=119) treated at the Vetsuisse Faculty Bern
between 2011 and 2017 were included if they had a complete vaccination history. A diagnosis of leptospirosis was confirmed based on
compatible clinical findings and the presence of at least one of the following: positive single MAT titre ≥1:800 (n=66), MAT seroconversion
(n=102), positive IgM lateral flow assay (n=16), positive urine RT-PCR
(n=4), or strong clinical suspicion not confirmed serologically due to
early death (n=23). Control dogs were diagnosed with AKI-nL based
ISCAID-O-5
Leptospira seroprevalence in owned dogs from Spain
M.C. López1, A. Vila1, X. Roura1, J. Rodón2
Hospital Clínic Veterinari- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 2IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Barcelona, Spain
1
Leptospirosis is a re-emerging and complex zoonotic bacterial disease,
caused by pathogenic serovars of Leptospira with multiple clinical
signs in dogs. Nowadays, the prevalence of canine leptospirosis in
Spain is undetermined.
Our aim was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira serum
antibody in dogs in Spain, to know most common serovars and if there
is any relationship between area and serovars.
This is a cross-sectional study with 1310 records of canine Leptospira
testing data from all Spain since 2015 to 2017. Idexx’s microscopic
agglutination test (MAT) was performed. Inclusion criteria was a
positive MAT (≥1/100) result for at least one serovar (Bratislava,
Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis, Pomona, Grippotyphosa,
Autumnalis, Canicola and Saxkoebing) and to have data of zip code.
Of the 1310: 338 (25.8%) were positive. According to biogeographic
areas, North had the highest percentage (38.9%) followed by Center
(29.6%), South (28.4%), Mediterranean (22.8%) and Northwest (22.2%).
Highest incidence was detected in autumn (n=82), while an average of
57 cases in other seasons. Gender was available for 68/338 positive with
49 (72.0%) males and 19 (18.0%) females. Age was available for 49/338
positive, and incidence was 8.2% (4/49) in <2y, 28.6% (14/49) from 2 to
on a convincing alternative diagnosis and at least a negative serology.
<6y, 46.9% (23/49) from 6 to <10y, and 16.3% (8/49) in ≥10y.
Annual incidences and vaccine effectiveness were compared between
Of the 338 samples: 254 (75.1%), 111 (32.8%), 94 (27.8%),
groups, the latter being expressed as odds ratio (OR) for being diag-
84 (24.8%), 59 (17.4%), 57 (16.8%), 44 (13%), and 11 (3.2%) were posi-
nosed with leptospirosis.
tive to Icterohaemorrhagiae, Bratislava, Grippotyphosa, Australis,
The control AKI-nL group showed a marked decrease in dogs vacci-
Pomona, Autumnalis, Canicola, and Saxkoebing, respectively.
nated with L2 (from 100% in 2011 to 19% in 2016), and a steep
One hundred twenty-two (36.1%) had MAT titer ≥1:400 with
increase in dogs vaccinated with L4 (from 0% to 81%), with stable
72 (59.0%), 54 (44.3%), 35 (28.7%), 30 (24.6%), 29 (23.8%),
numbers of dogs current on their vaccines (63 13%) or unvacci-
25 (20.5%), 13 (10.6%), and 8 (6.5%) positive to Icterohaemorrhagiae,
nated (2 3%). Simultaneously, the number of cases of leptospirosis
Bratislava, Grippotyphosa, Pomona, Australis, Autumnalis, Canicola, and
significantly decreased from 63 (2011-2012) to 14 cases/y
Saxkoebing, respectively.
(2016-2017), while the number of control cases with AKI increased
When dogs with MAT titer ≥1:400 were divided by serovars and bio-
from 17 to 39 cases/y. The OR for a dog with AKI to be diagnosed
geographic areas, Icterohaemorrhagiae was the most prevalent in Med-
with leptospirosis while being vaccinated vs not being vaccinated was
iterranean 33.9% (38/112) and South 35.7% (10/28), Australis 33.3%
1.12 (95% CI, 0.89-1.42, P 0.33) for any anti-leptospirosis vaccine;
(2/6) in Northwest, Bratislava 27.2% (9/33) in North, and
2.66 (95% CI, 1.87-3.79, P <0.001) for a L2-vaccine; and 0.28 (95% CI,
Grippotyphosa 22.5% (20/89) in Center, respectively.
0.17-0.47, P <0.001) for L4.
These results demonstrate that Spain’s dogs have a high exposure to
These results indicate that the introduction of L4 was associated with
diverse Leptospira serovars. Male dogs older than 5 years seem to be
a marked reduction in incidence of severe acute canine leptospirosis
riskier to be positive. Diagnosis increases in autumn with higher sero-
in Switzerland.
prevalence in the North area. Most prevalent are Icterohaemorrhagiae,
Disclosures
Bratislava, and Grippotyphosa. However, the most prevalent serovar
Disclosures to report.
varies between geographic areas if we only included MAT titer
MSD Animal Health (Financial support of the present study), Boehrin-
≥1:400, in order to limit the effect of unknown vaccination status pre-
gher Ingelheim (speaker honoraria), Vetoquinol (consulting fees), Hill's
sents in this study.
Pet Nutrition (speaker honoraria), Royal Canin (speaker honoraria),
Disclosures
Purina (meeting support), IDEXX (consulting fees, speaker honoraria),
Disclosures to report.
ABSTRACTS
1063
Indirect benefits because an author could be benefit from the results
of the study.
ISCAID-O-6
Faculty, Bern, Switzerland, 3Veterinary Public Health Institute (VPHI),
Vetsuisse Faculty, Bern, Switzerland, 4Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Bern, Switzerland, 5Clinic for Small Animal
Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem in human and veterinary medicine. Antibiotic use is the main driver for resistance
Urine shedding of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in cats in Southern
Chile
development. The goal of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial
R. Dorsch1, M. Salgado2, G. Monti2, B. Collada2, C. Avilez2,
C. Tomckoviack2, C. Tejeda2, J. Ojeda3, A. Müller-Pareira3, T. Eberhard4,
K. Hartmann1
1
Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany, 2Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Universidad Austral
de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 3Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 4University of Applied Sciences,
Munich, Germany
prescription in cats in Switzerland with acute upper respiratory
After experimental infection, cats can intermittently shed pathogenic
scription with current guidelines (1=appropriate, 2=incorrect dos-
Leptospira spp. in urine for several weeks. So far, only shedding of DNA
age/duration,
of pathogenic Leptospira spp. has been documented in naturally infected
treatment decision). 
Of 142 cats with aURTD, 107 (75%)
cats in few countries, but not urinary shedding of infectious bacteria.
received antibiotic therapy of the following classes: potentiated
The climate in Southern Chile is temperate rainy with high annual precip-
aminopenicillins (51%), third generation cephalosporins (22%), ami-
itations which represents ideal preconditions for survival of Leptospira
nopenicillins (21%), tetracyclines (17%), fluoroquinolones (5%),
spp. in the environment. The aim of the study was to investigate the
amphenicoles (2%), first generation cephalosporins and macrolides
shedding of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in outdoor cats in Southern Chile.
(1% each); 16% received combination or serial therapy. The cases
Urine and blood samples of 231 outdoor cats from rural and urban
were treated for 4 to 37 (median 10) days. When assessment of
areas were collected. Urine samples were investigated for pathogenic
prudent use was possible (120/142), antimicrobial therapy was
Leptospira spp. by immune magnetic concentration followed by real
judged appropriate (JS-1) in 35 (29%) and inappropriate in
time PCR targeting the LipL32 gene. Urine samples were cultured in
85 (71%) cases (JS-2=2; JS-3=38; JS-4=45). Antibiotic therapy was
Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris
for
significantly associated with the presence of lethargy, anorexia or
13 weeks. Positive urine cultures were confirmed by PCR. MLST was
fever (p=0.003).
Of 252 cats with FLUTD, 150 cases (60%;
used to molecularly characterize strains obtained from positive cul-
50 with bacterial cystitis, 100 with other/unknown diagnosis)
tures. PCR products were sequenced afterwards.
received antibiotic therapy of the following classes: potentiated
Of all 231 urine samples, 30 (13,0%; 95% confidence interval (CI):
aminopenicillins (67%), third generation cephalosporins (18%),
8.7-17.3%) were PCR-positive with a median of 288,000 genomic
fluoroquinolones (13%), aminopenicillins (7%), first generation
equivalents/ml (IQR 2,145-614,500; range 5 to 9,440,000). In 7/231
cephalosporins (4%), amphenicoles (1%) and tetracyclines (1%);
(3.0%; 95% CI: 0.5-4.5%) urine samples Leptospira spp. could be cul-
10% received combination or serial therapy. The cats were treated
tured. Applying MLST and sequencing of PCR products, L. interrogans
for 1 to 56 (median 11) days. When assessment of prudent use
copenhageni icterohaemorrhagiae was identified in 6 cats and
was possible (152/252), antimicrobial therapy was judged appro-
L. interrogans autumnalis autumnalis in 1 cat.
priate (JS-1) in 76 (50%) and inappropriate in 76 (50%) cases (JS-
Outdoor cats in Southern Chile shed strains of pathogenic Leptospira
2=1; JS-3=28; JS-4=47); inadequate diagnostic work-up (97/100)
spp. that can be a possible source of infection for humans, dogs, and
was the main reason to preclude judgment. Bacteriuria was signifi-
livestock animals.
cantly associated with antibiotic therapy (p<0.001). 
Overall,
Disclosures
frequency of antimicrobial therapy was not significantly different
Disclosures to report.
between university hospitals and private practices, but critically
This study was funded by MSD, the Dirección de Investigación y
important antibiotics (third generation cephalosporins and fluoro-
Desarollo of the Universidad Austral de Chile and the Bayerische
quinolones) were significantly more often used in private practices
Hochschulzentrum für Lateinamerika (BAYLAT). The authors do not
(aURTD, p=0.009; FLUTD, p<0.001).
Our results suggest that
have a conflict of interest.
overprescription of antibiotics in cats with aURTD and FLUTD is
medium
at
29 C
ISCAID-O-8
tract disease (aURTD) and feline lower urinary tract disease
(FLUTD). 
Cases presented to two University hospitals and
eight private veterinary practices during 2016 were retrospectively
evaluated. Clinical history, diagnostic work-up and antimicrobial
therapy (class, dosage, duration) were assessed. A justification
score (JS) was used to assess the agreement of antimicrobial pre3=inappropriate
antimicrobial,
4=overall
wrong
common. Third generation cephalosporins are frequently used. The
study highlights the need to promote antimicrobial stewardship in
small animal medicine. To support this, an online tool (www.anti-
Patterns of antimicrobial use for selected feline diseases in
Switzerland in 2016
K. Schmitt1, H. Naegeli1, C. Lehner1, S. Schuller2, G. Schüpbach-Regula3,
M. Mevissen4, R. Peter1, C.R. Müntener1, D.C. Demuth1, B. Willi5
1
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich,
Switzerland, 2Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse
bioticscout.ch)
based
on
current
veterinary
guidelines
was
launched in 2017. The impact of this tool on prescribing habits will
be assessed in the future.
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
ABSTRACTS
1064
The study was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation
SCH-O-2
(NRP72 project 407240_167054).
SCH-O-1
Development, validation, and application of an LC-MS/MS method
for the quantitative determination of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in
dogs with chronic hepatitis
Y.A. Lawrence1, J.A. Lidbury1, J.M. Steiner1, J. Suchodolski1, S. Shankar2,
C.L. Klemashevich2
1
Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station,
United States of America, 2Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
Trans-4-hydroxyl-1-proline, a nonproteinogenic amino acid, is an
important constituent of the structural protein collagen. Increased
trans-4-hydroxyl-1-proline concentrations in urine or serum are associated with degradation of connective tissue. Recently trans4-hydroxyl-1-proline has been used as a biomarker of hepatic fibrosis
Copper-associated Hepatitis in dogs: a retrospective study of
17 clinical cases
A.S. Rodrigues1, R.A. Oliveira Leal1,2, M. Girod3, E. Guery4, E. Gomes3,
J. Hernandez5
1
CIISA – Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Heath, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon 2 Hospital Escolar Veterinário –
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal, 3Centre
Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France, 4Lapvso - Laboratoire
d'Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest, Toulouse, France,
5
Nantes- Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences,
Nantes, France
Copper-associated hepatitis is a well-recognized chronic hepatic disease in dogs. While in some breeds the disease is due to a genetic
defect on copper metabolism, in others it is still unclear whether its
accumulation is a primary or a secondary condition. Nowadays,
reports of non-genetically predisposed dogs are increasing.
This retrospective study aims to describe epidemiologic factors and
in humans. The objectives of this study were to develop a liquid chro-
clinical findings of dogs with copper-associated hepatitis.
matography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the
All the dogs presented to a French referral center from May 2010 to
quantitative determination of endogenous trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline
March 2017, with positive rhodanine staining on liver biopsies were
in dog serum, to analytically validate this method, and to asses serum
included. Medical records were retrospectively analyzed for: age of
trans-4-hydroxyl-1-proline concentrations in dogs with chronic
presentation, sex, breed, main clinical complaints, abdominal ultra-
hepatitis.
sound (US) findings and rhodanine staining pattern.
Serum trans-4-hydroxyl-1-proline concentrations were quantified on
A total of 17 dogs were included. Median age at presentation was
a Quantiva Triple Quandrupole Mass Spectrometer (ThermoFisher
8 years (range 4-11). Eleven dogs were female and six were males. No
Scientific). The following validation variables were assessed: linearity
sex predisposition was found (Chi Square test p=0.23). All dogs were
by dilutional parallelism, precision by intra-assay variability, reproduc-
pure-breed, namely: German shepherd (3/17), Labrador Retriever
ibility by inter-assay variability, and accuracy by recovery (mixing sam-
(2/17), Cocker Spaniel (2/17), Beauceron (2/17), American Staffordshire
ples of known concentration). This validated method was used to
Terrier (2/17), Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (2/17), Mongrel (1/17),
quantify the concentration of trans-4-hydroxyl-1-proline in serum
Jack Russell Terrier (1/17), West Highland White Terrier (1/17) and
from 24 dogs with histopathologically confirmed chronic hepatitis and
Dalmatian (1/17). Main clinical complaints were: an incidental finding of
24 healthy control dogs.
increased liver-enzymes (5/17), anorexia/decreased appetite (5/17),
A method for quantification of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in dog
weight loss (4/17), polyuria/polydipsia (3/17), vomiting (3/17) and jaun-
serum was successfully develop. Observed to expected ratios for
dice (2/17). Abdominal US was performed in all the dogs. Main findings
dilutional parallelism (3 samples) ranged from 72.7% to 111.5%
included: an heterogenous mottled liver (5/17), hepatomegaly (4/17),
with a mean SD of 91.3% 19.6%. Intra-assay (10 samples)
hypoechoic nodules (3/17) and microhepatia (3/17). Rhodanine staining
and inter-assay (10 samples) coefficients of variation (%CVs) ranged
pattern was centrilobular (zone 3) in 8/17 and peri-portal (zone 1) in
from 0.3% to 4.0%, and <0.1% to 4.8%, respectively. Observed to
3/17. In 6/17 the pattern was considered multifocal.
expected ratios for mixtures of two serum samples of known con-
Similarly to previous studies, German Shepherd and Terriers were
centrations (10 pairs of samples), ranged from 52.3% to 82.4%
overrepresented. Less common breeds were also reported namely
with a mean SD of 66.1% 14.4%. Trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline
Beauceron and American Staffordshire which, despite being a terrier,
concentrations were significantly decreased in the serum of dogs
has not been previously associated with this disease. The biochemical
with chronic hepatitis versus healthy controls, with medians (min-
incidental finding of increased liver-enzymes emphasizes the silent
max) of 0.28 ng/mL (0.071-0.79) and 1.85 ng/mL (0.074-4.88; P =
progression of the disease. Although US abnormalities were inconsis-
0.037), respectively.
tent, the heterogenous mottled liver was a common finding. Centri-
The developed method was shown to be precise and reproducible for
lobular pattern of rhodanine staining observed in the majority of cases
the quantification of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in canine serum. The
strengthens the primary condition of the disease. In the three cases in
recoveries were limited which affected the accuracy. Dogs with
which a peri-portal distribution was observed, copper-deposition was
chronic hepatitis had significantly lower serum trans-4-hxdroxy-l-
believed to be secondary to cholestasis.
proline concentrations than healthy controls possibly due to abnormal
To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study describing copper-
hepatic amino acid metabolism.
associated hepatitis in Beauceron and American Staffordshire Terrier
Disclosures
dogs. This study increases the number of reported breeds affected by
No disclosures to report.
copper-associated hepatitis, emphasizing a possible multifactorial etiology.
ABSTRACTS
1065
Disclosures
Biomarker investigation in canine hepatopathies is still in its infancy.
Funded by: Project UID/CVT/276/2013 (CIISA).
Decreases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)VD) and increases
SCH-O-3
associated with disease severity in human chronic inflammatory hepa-
in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and von Willebrand’s factor (vWF) are
topathies. This current prospective and observational study of dogs
Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration in primary
hypoplasia of the portal vein with portal hypertension in dogs
with chronic inflammatory hepatopathies investigated whether
changes in serum concentration of 25(OH)VD, CRP, or vWF are pre-
K. Sato, M. Sakai, Y. Sakamoto, T. Watari
Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
sent in these disorders, and these biomarkers are associated with
The renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is a physiological
ase (ALT)), a cholestasis marker (i.e. total bilirubin), or markers of more
regulator of blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and fluid homeosta-
advanced liver disease (i.e. fibrinogen, albumin)
sis. Studies of humans with hepatic cirrhosis have shown that the
Serum 25(OH)VD, CRP, and vWF were determined prior to the liver
RAAS is activated by increased sympathetic nervous activity, hypona-
biopsy which was performed either percutaneously with ultrasound
tremia, reduced renal perfusion, and hypovolemia. A possible thera-
guidance, or surgically via laparoscopic surgery or laparotomy. Data
peutic approach to the treatment of patients with portal hypotension
were analyzed for normality and log transformation was performed if
is suppression of the RAAS. In dogs, the relationship between RAAS
the data was non-parametric. Correlations were tested using Pearson
and cardiac or renal disorders has been studied; however, to our
correlation test and p < 0.05 was considered significant.
knowledge, there are no studies of the relationship between the RAAS
Twenty five dogs met the inclusion criteria. Seventeen different
and hepatic disease with portal hypotension.
breeds were represented, with Labrador retriever (4/17; 23.5%) and
To evaluate the relationship between portal hypertension and RAAS in
terrier cross (3/17; 17.6%) being common breeds. Median age was 8.3
dogs, we selected dogs histopathologically diagnosed with primary
yrs (range 2-14yrs).
hypoplasia of the portal vein (PHPV) with portal hypertension. Diagno-
CRP (median 8.6 ug/l, range 1-28.3) was increased in 52% (13/25) of
sis of portal hypertension was based on the presence of acquired por-
dogs. The 25(OH)VD level (median 213 nmol/L, range 42-374) was
tosystemic collaterals (APSCs). Dogs with congenital portosystemic
low in 12% (3/25) of dogs. No dogs had increased vWF activity
shunt (CPSS) are reported to have similar histopathological and hemo-
(median 69%, range 23-116%), but the activity was low in 24% (6/25)
dynamic alterations compared to PHPV, without the evidence of portal
of dogs. Fibrinogen (median 150 mg/dL, range,57-377) was low (<
hypertension. Thus dogs diagnosed as CPSS were evaluated as controls.
100 mg/dl) in 3 dogs. No dogs had increased fibrinogen. Albumin and
Diagnosis of CPSS and APSCs was determined by computed tomo-
vWF as well as albumin and 25(OH)VD had significant (both
graphic angiography and gross evaluation by laparoscopy. For RAAS
p<0.0001) strong positive correlations (r=0.68 and r=0.67, respec-
assessment, we measured plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone
tively). No significant correlations were found.
concentration using radioimmunoassay technique. All blood samples
In dogs with chronic inflammatory hepatopathies, CRP is elevated in
were obtained at diagnosis and stored at −20 C until analyzed.
over 50% of dogs but vWF activity and 25(OH)VD serum levels are
hepatic copper levels, liver injury markers (i.e. alanine aminotransfer-
Twelve dogs diagnosed as PHPV with portal hypertension and nine
most often in the normal range. 25(OH)VD levels decrease as serum
dogs with CPSS were included in this study. There was a significant
albumin decreases, which may reflect loss of hepatic synthetic in late
difference in the median plasma aldosterone concentration between
stage inflammatory disease. Additional comparisons of biomarkers
CPSS (median 1 pg/ml) dogs and dogs with PHPV (median 89.5 pg/ml)
with histopathological scoring and grading as well as treatment out-
(P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in the median
come should be evaluated in the future to assess their ability to pre-
plasma renin activity between the two groups.
This is the first study to evaluate the relationship between RAAS and
portal hypertension in dogs. The inactivation of RAAS in CPSS dogs
indicates that the RAAS is not activated by the hemodynamic changes
by portosystemic shunting. The RAAS system is activated in dogs with
portal hypertension. Thus, suppression of the RAAS may be a thera-
dict the disease severity or outcome.
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
The study is supported by Companion Animal Health Fund.
SCH-O-5
peutic option for portal hypertension in dogs.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
SCH-O-4
Serum vitamin D, C-Reactive Protein, and von Willebrand's factor in
dogs with inflammatory hepatopathies
Y. Ambrosini, C. Webster
Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, United States of America
Serum melatonin concentrations in dogs with congenital
portosystemic shunts
M. Ferreira, R.J. Mellanby, A. Gow
The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a syndrome of neurologic dysfunction
present in several liver diseases and an important contributor to patient
morbidity. Canine HE is most commonly reported in association with
congenial portosystemic shunting (cPSS). Although not completely characterised, several factors are known to influence the pathogenesis of
ABSTRACTS
1066
HE, namely increased ammonia, inflammation and manganese, as well as
measurements were performed using two different handling protocols,
alkalosis, hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia. Melatonin is a hormone
in a randomized fashion. In the low stress handling, SBP values were
secreted by the pineal gland in the brain and by the enterochromaffin-
measured with both HDO and Doppler after ten minutes of acclimatiza-
like cells in the gastric mucosa, with actions linked with regulation of the
tion in a quiet and isolated consultation room with a Feliway® diffuser
circadian rhythm, enterocyte integrity, and free oxygen radical scaveng-
(Ceva Animal Health Ltd), without any previous clinical handling of the
ing, amongst others. The majority of melatonin is metabolised in the
cats or contact with other animals during the visit. In the typical handling,
liver and recently, melatonin levels were noted to be significantly
SBP was measured in the same consultation room using both devices,
increased in human alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis, correlating with both
after the cats previously went through the clinic’s normal admission pro-
disease severity and with the severity of HE, hence hypothesised as a
cedure (common waiting room, clinical examination as part of a routine
potential contributor to the development of the latter. To the authors’
exam or during the diagnostic process), and without a period of acclima-
knowledge, melatonin homeostasis in canine liver disease is currently
tization. All measurements were conducted by the same observer (OMI),
unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether melatonin
with minimal restraint of the cat, from the coccygeal artery.
concentrations could be altered in dogs with cPSS, with the hypothesis
There was not any significant difference between the two different han-
that higher levels would be present when compared to healthy controls.
dling conditions’ SBP measurements, when measured by either Doppler
Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for inclusion into two
or HDO (p=0.2 and p=0.4, respectively). A Bland and Altman comparison
cohorts: dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of cPSS (n = 24) and healthy
analysis of the two measuring methods indicated that Doppler provided
dogs examined through wellbeing appointments (n = 15). A canine
systematically higher SBP values compared to HDO in both handling
competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum melatonin prospectively. 100uL of sample was used from
an archive of surplus samples retained after clinical diagnostic purposes. Informed owner consent for surplus retention and use for
research had been obtained at the time of clinical sampling. Melatonin
concentrations in each group were assessed for normality with the
Anderson-Darling test. Both groups were not normally distributed,
therefore data was described as median (minimum - maximum ranges)
and differences between groups compared with the Mann-Whitney U
test. Statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05.
The concentrations of melatonin in the cPSS group (25 pg/mL [18.5 –
244.9 pg/mL]) did not differ significantly (P = 0.7839) from the healthy
controls (27.2 pg/mL [19.8 – 161.5 pg/mL]).
This study suggests that serum melatonin is not increased in dogs with
cPSS and is unlikely to play a role in HE pathogenesis.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
VBPS-O-1
conditions (95% CI). Using a linear mixed effect model, significantly
higher SBP values were observed only in indoors/outdoors cats, regardless of handling conditions, cohabitation with dogs or cats, underlying
clinical condition or method of SBP measurement (p<0.03). Cats with an
underlying disease had significantly higher SBP during low stress handling but only when SBP was assessed using Doppler (p=0.004).
The results of this study suggest that SBP measurements in cats are
apparently similar in a feline-friendly environment and during typical
handling during a visit to the clinic. Furthermore, an indoors/outdoors
living lifestyle seems to result in consistently higher SBP of these cats,
compared to other lifestyles.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication / presentation and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its
outcome. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved
by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied
the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that
the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all
of us. We confirm that we have given due consideration to the protec-
Comparison of systolic arterial blood pressure between low stress
and common handling conditions in cats using the Doppler method
and High Definition Oscillometry
O.M. Ioannidi, C.H. Koutinas
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
tion of intellectual property associated with this work and that there
are no impediments to publication, including the timing of publication,
with respect to intellectual property. In so doing we confirm that we
have followed the regulations of our institutions concerning intellectual
property. On behalf of the authors Olympia-Maria Ioannidi, DVM T:
In cats, systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP) measurements can be
0044 07547845899 Email: maroly9@gmail.com.
influenced by the white coat effect and are commonly misinterpreted
as arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to compare the
SBP measurements of cats examined under two different handling
conditions and to investigate possible correlations with lifestyle and
cohabitation with other animals, using the Doppler method and High
Definition Oscillometry (HDO).
Seventy-nine cats, with an age ranging from 6 months to 17 years, were
included in the study. Thirty-one of them were clinically healthy and
41/79 had underlying diseases unrelated to arterial hypertension. Histor-
VBPS-O-2
Comparison of Doppler ultrasonography and oscillometry with or
without proprietary optimizations for non-invasive blood pressure
measurement in conscious cats
P. Archontakis, H.O.K. Cheuk, D.A. Gunn-Moore
The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh,
UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
ical data regarding lifestyle (indoors, outdoors and indoors/outdoors) and
Non –invasive blood pressure (BP) measurement in conscious cats is a
cohabitation with other animals (dogs or cats) was initially collected. SBP
vital part of monitoring clinically healthy older individuals, patients on
ABSTRACTS
1067
medication and with diseases that affect blood pressure. The aim of
was to compare two Doppler devices, Parks Medical Doppler and the
this study was to compare Doppler ultrasonography and oscillometry
Mano Médical Vet BP Doppler, for the measurement of systolic blood
with or without proprietary optimizations for non-invasive BP mea-
pressure (SBP) in conscious dogs.
surement in conscious cats.
Forty canine in-patients of a University veterinary hospital were
Twenty seven feline in-patients from the Feline Clinic of a University
included in this prospective study. SBP was measured indirectly using
veterinary hospital were included in this prospective study. All mea-
the standardised process according to American College of Veterinary
surements were obtained according to the guidelines in American Col-
Internal Medicine guidelines. Both devices were operated according
lege of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement to achieve
to the manufacturer’s guidelines and used alternatively as the first
standardized conditions. Both devices were operated according to the
device.
manufacturer’s guidelines and used alternatively as the first device.
Statistical analysis was performed using Matlab software, along with
Five systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements were obtained by
Bland-Altman analysis and scatter graphs to determine agreement,
the Doppler and oscillometric (with and without proprietary optimiza-
standard deviation (SD) and for each device’s ability to detect hyper-
tions) devices and were averaged prior to statistical analysis. Bland
tensive animals. Finally, least-squares linear regression fit data was
Altman analysis was used to determine the agreement. The differ-
evaluated for significance in relation to age, cuff size and heart rate.
ences in SBP were plotted against the mean of each pair of measure-
The mean difference between the two devices was 0.61 suggesting
ment. The bias was defined by the mean differences between two
good correlation. A linear rank correlation test was also performed on
methods. The precision was calculated from the standard deviation
the SBP readings. The R correlation coefficient was found to be
(SD) of the differences and limits of agreement was calculated from
1, which suggests strong correlation between devices. A mean of
the bias 1.96 x SD. A paired sample T test was run to determine
whether there was a statistically significant mean difference in the
SBP measurement of the two methods. Overall statistical analysis was
achieved using Excel with Minitab 17 Software. Comparison of the
methods gave an average bias of +26.99 mmHg with 95% CI between
19.30 and 34.69 mmHg. The lower limit of agreement (LLA) was set at
-11.13 mmHg and 65.12 for the upper limit of agreement (ULA); the
difference between the upper and lower limit was 76.25 mmHg. Comparison produced an average bias of 20.83 mmHg with 95% CI
between 14.85 and 26.81 mmHg. The limits of agreements were set
at -8.80 for LLA and 50.45 ULA; the difference between LLA and ULA
-0.61 indicates that the overall difference between the mean systolic
BP differences between the two devices is -0.61mmHg. This shows
that statistically, the devices are agreeable. No significance in relation
to age, cuff and heart rate was identified.
This study suggests that the SBP measurements from these two
Doppler devices correlate well, allowing different device measurement
comparison and the use of the same SBP reference range.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESCG-P-1
was 59.25 mmHg. As indicated by the bias, the oscillometry (with or
without proprietary optimizations) overestimated the SBP. The mean
Proteomics of canine feces from healthy Boxer dogs: a pilot study
difference between the two NIBP devices was significantly different.
interchangeably. Different methodology should be taken into an
M. Cerquetella1, G. Rossi1, A. Spaterna1, B. Tesei1, A. Gavazza1,
A. Marchegiani1, G. Pengo2, L. Scortichini1, A. Felicioli3, G. Sagratini1,
M. Ricciutelli1, S. Vincenzetti1
1
University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy, 2S. Antonio Clinic, Madignano
(CR), Italy, 3University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
account before using non-method specific reference ranges and start-
The aim of this work was to detect and identify proteins of canine
ing antihypertensive treatment or substaging patients with kidney
feces from healthy Boxer dogs by a proteomic approach. Dog proteins
disease.
detected in feces may be of help in investigating (e.g. pathogenesis,
Disclosures
diagnosis, follow-up) canine gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. As a first
No disclosures to report.
step, an attempt to define the “healthy” proteome pattern of canine
The findings of this study suggest that Doppler ultrasonography and
oscillometry with or without proprietary optimizations cannot be used
feces has been performed. Feces sampled from two groups (8 and
VBPS-O-3
7 patients each) of healthy (no GI signs + no pre/probiotic administration + no change in diet within the last 3 months) Boxer dogs, were
Comparison of two Doppler ultrasonography devices for
measurement of systolic blood pressure in conscious dogs
included in the study. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electro-
P. Archontakis, L. Winter, D.A. Gunn-Moore
The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh,
UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
(LC-MS/MS) were performed. Eight spots form 2DE were considered
Serial blood pressure measurements are of vital significance for the
sProt & NCBInr databases, MASCOT and SONAR results allowed us
assessment of dogs with diseases or on medications that are known
to find the origin species of 4 out of 8 proteins: Canis lupis familiaris,
phoresis (2DE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
interesting due to their expression pattern and therefore were
selected as candidates for LC-MS/MS analysis. By consulting Swis-
affect the blood pressure. The Doppler ultrasonography device that
Flavobacteriaceae bacterium, Prochlorococcus marinus, Candida glabrata.
was used for the establishing reference ranges for blood pressure was
Especially the protein from Canis lupis familiaris resulted to be very
recently discontinued and data regarding the agreement of different
interesting, cause owing to the hosts (dogs). It was identified as Immu-
Doppler ultrasonography devices are limited. The aim of this study
noglobulin lambda-1 light chain isoform X36. If confirmed, this datum
ABSTRACTS
1068
could be very interesting for the future perspectives of this kind of
of LRG protein is elevated in the intestinal mucosae from patients
studies, being a protein involved in the immune response of the host,
with UC. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the expres-
but also in some kind of tumor, and other pathological conditions.
sion of LRG mRNA and protein in the duodenal mucosae of dogs
Disclosures
with CE.
No disclosures to report.
Twenty-four dogs diagnosed with CE were enrolled, and left-over
biopsy samples from the duodenum were evaluated for LRG expres-
ESCG-P-2
sion, with both quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and
immunohistochemistry. As a control, cryopreserved biopsy samples
Elevated blood urea nitrogen and thrombocytopenia during
treatment as prognostic factors for canine acute pancreatitis
K. Hayashi, H. Toizume, R. Morikawa, M. Okamura, K. Shirai, T. Kariya
AC plaza Kariya animal hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Canine acute pancreatitis (AP) has been easily diagnosed via the
canine pancreas-specific lipase (Spec-cPL) test in recent years.
Although several blood tests related prognostic factors for AP have
been identified, prognostic factors during treatment are still unclear.
In this study, we aimed to identify the prognostic factors of AP during
treatment.
The subjects included were 128 patients with AP who underwent
hospitalization treatment. AP was diagnosed on the basis of clinical
signs and the abnormal Spec-cPL result (> 400 μg/L), concurrently
with exclusion of other gastrointestinal diseases via ultrasonography.
At the end of treatment, 95 patients were alive, while 33 died. In
patients with elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels at the first
visit, the risk for death was high (P = 0.001, odds ratio [OR]: 4.53; sensitivity, 87%; specificity, 40%). In patients with Spec-cPL > 700 μg/L
at the first visit, the risk for death tended to be high (P = 0.06, OR:
3.03). However, there were no significant differences in clinical symptoms, other blood test markers, and abdominal ultrasonography findings at the first visit. Furthermore,he risk for death was very high in
patients in whom elevated BUN levels were noted after 3-5 days of
treatment (P < 0.0001, OR: 75; sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 91%). In
addition, the risk for death was high in patients with thrombocytope-
from the duodenum of ten healthy control dogs with no clinical signs
of gastrointestinal disease were used. The Wilcoxon rank sum test
was used to compare the LRG mRNA expression in the two groups.
The relationship between LRG mRNA expression and the canine
chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) or a histopathological score graded according to the guidelines of the WSAVA International Gastrointestinal Standardization Group was evaluated with
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was
defined as P < 0.05.
The expression of LRG mRNA was significantly higher in CE dogs than
in the healthy controls. The expression of LRG mRNA was significantly
higher in the high CCECAI (≥ 12) group than in the low CCECAI (< 12)
group. In contrast, there was no correlation between LRG mRNA
expression and the WSAVA score. On immunohistochemistry, LRG
protein expression was higher in the intestinal epithelial cells of the
duodenal mucosae of CE dogs than in those of the healthy controls.
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that LRG mRNA and protein
expression is increased in the duodenal mucosae of dogs with
CE. LRG mRNA expression is also associated with a high clinical score.
Future studies will evaluate the clinical utility of measuring serum LRG
concentrations in dogs with CE.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESCG-P-4
nia (platelet count < 148×103/μL) during treatment (P = 0.002, OR:
10; sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 50%).
It is important to monitor BUN levels and platelet count periodically
as prognostic factors of AP.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESCG-P-3
Differential diagnosis of ileocolic masses associated with intestinal
obstruction in cats: A retrospective study of 8 cases (2015-2017)
A. Loze1, M. Manassero1, P. Pey2, V. Freiche1
1
Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France, 2Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna,
Italy
Few studies report ileocolic masses in cats and their etiology. In this
context, the main causes described include lymphoma, feline infectious peritonitis, feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibropla-
Expression of leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG) in the
duodenal mucosa of dogs with chronic enteropathy
sia, feline intestinal mast cell tumor (2 cases), hemangiosarcoma
H. Ohta, T. Osuga, N. Sasaki, K. Morishita, M. Takiguchi
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
they are often associated with a poor prognosis.
Canine chronic enteropathy (CE) is an idiopathic gastrointestinal disor-
ileocolic mass (ICM) diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography, (2) a
der characterized by chronic gastrointestinal signs. Leucine rich alpha-
surgical excision or biopsy of the ICM by laparotomy after standard
2-glycoprotein (LRG) has recently been identified as a novel biomarker
preoperative investigations and (3) a histological evaluation of the
of human inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative
ICM performed. Eight cats (2 males, 6 females) were recruited in the
colitis (UC). Serum LRG concentrations correlate well with the clinical
study, mostly domestic shorthair (6 versus 1 Maine Coon, and 1 Char-
and endoscopic disease activity in UC. Unlike other acute-phase pro-
treux). Six were neutered (1 male, 5 females). The median age was
teins, such as C-reactive protein, LRG is reportedly expressed not only
2.5 years old [range 1 – 12] and the median weight was 3.1 kilograms
by hepatocytes, but also by intestinal epithelial cells. The expression
[range 2.3 - 6.8]. The main clinical signs at presentation were chronic
(1 case), actinomycetoma (1 case) and intussusception. Moreover,
Inclusion criteria of this retrospective study were: (1) presence of an
ABSTRACTS
1069
digestive disorders such as vomiting (63%), diarrhea (88%), dysorexia
enhancement may be predisposed to portal vein thromboses and
(25%), and weigh loss (38%). Ultranosographic features lacked speci-
that CTA more accurately identified these findings.
ficity and etiology could not be determined in all cats: considered pre-
*Adrian AM, et al. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Jan; 29(1); 97-103.
vious differentials were lymphoma or feline infectious peritonitis in
R
7 cases. Both ileum wall and ileocolic lymph nodes were enlarged. The
Disclosures
ileocolic lymph nodes median size was 5 mm [range 4.7-14,5 mm]. Six
No disclosures to report.
Idexx laboratories
of 8 cats underwent a complete surgical removal (enterectomy via
ileocolic junction resection) and two cats were submitted to biopsies
ESCG-P-6
by laparotomy. The histopathological analysis of the ICM revealed
feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic fibroplasia (1), inflammatory lesions
and fibrosis secondary to a presumed prior foreign body (4), inflammatory lesion associated with campylobacteriosis and tritrichomonosis
(1), fibrosis (1), postoperative granuloma (1). Two cats died in the
post-operative period (septic peritonitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation). Six months after the surgery, all the 6 others cats
were still alive and didn’t show any digestive disorders.
To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting eight cases of feline
ICMs. The main purpose of this case series is to highlight that ICMs in
cats are neither always associated with a neoplastic etiology nor with
a desperate prognosis. An unjustified euthanasia should not be considered before any etiologic characterisation.
Canine jejunum and enteroids derived from healthy dogs are useful
models to evaluate the gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDs
K. Allenspach1, J.P. Mochel1, L. Chandra1, T. Atherly1, R. Phillips1,
J. Hostetter1, N.M. Ellinwood1, E.M. Snella1, M.K. Estes2, M. FernandezZapico3, K.D. Wang3, M. Martin4, A.E. Jergens1
1
Iowa State University, Ames, United States of America, 2Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, tx, United States of America, 3Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America, 4University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, CA, United States of America
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a prostanoid playing important homeostatic
functions, yet is also responsible for regulating pain and inflammation,
and has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers. The deleterious actions of PGE2 are inhibited in varying
degrees byNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); however,
Disclosures
administration of these drugs also leads to significant gastrointestinal
No disclosures to report.
(GI) side effects. Grapiprant is a new anti-inflammatory drug from the
piprant class that functions as a selective EP4 prostaglandin-receptor
ESCG-P-5
(EP4R) inhibitor and is proposed to be associated with less GI side
effects. The aim of this study was to determine the value of canine
Comparison of computed tomographic angiography and
ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute canine pancreatitis
jejunal tissue as well as a novel in vitro 3-dimensional model of canine
intestinal epithelium (enteroids) for future in vitro and ex-vivo investi-
J.M. French, D.C. Twedt, S. Rao, A.J. Marolf
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States of America
gation of possible GI side effects of drugs in the priprant class. Briefly,
Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is considered highly
accurate in the diagnosis of human pancreatitis due to its ability to
completely evaluate the pancreas, its contrast enhancement patterns, regional vasculature, along with rapid acquisition times. These
properties can be valuable in dogs due to the morbidity of acute pancreatitis and under-diagnosis with current methods. The aim of this
study was to compare CTA to ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in
canine acute pancreatitis. Twenty-five dogs met inclusion criteria:
15 prospectively enrolled and 10 included from a pilot project* in
this cross-sectional study. Inclusion was based on fulfilling two of
three criteria: strong clinical suspicion of pancreatitis, ultrasonographic evidence of pancreatitis, and/or SNAPR positive canine pancreatitis lipase (cPLI) test. A SpecR cPLI was obtained and an
ten-centimeter tissue pieces were acquired from the jejunum of
7 healthy dogs which had been euthanized for an unrelated project.
Full thickness tissues were fixed in 10% formalin saline, routinely processed and embedded in paraffin. For enteroid culture, minced samples were washed and crypts were enriched, using EDTA chelation,
embedded in matrigel, and grown in intestinal stem cell media until full
epithelial differentiation (day 7 of culture). RNA in situ hybridization
(RNAscopeÒ, ACDBio) was used to evaluate full thickness samples of
canine healthy jejunum as well as enteroids derived from the same tissues. To quantify RNAscopeÒ signals in tissue sections, an advanced
digital pathology image analysis system (HALO, Indica Labs) was utilized. Data was expressed as copy number for EP4R with that signal
compared to the housekeeping target (B-actin, positive control gene).
In 7/7 jejunal samples evaluated, universal positive expression of
abdominal ultrasound was performed followed within 24 hours by a
EP4R was identified in the epithelium as well as in lamina propria
sedated abdominal three phase CTA. The results showed that CTA
immune cells (copy number 0.1 to 2.6 on average per cell). Expression
visualized the entire pancreas in 100% of dogs; ultrasonography
of EP4 in enteroids showed similar expression in the epithelium when
visualized the entire pancreas in 73% of dogs. 10/25 dogs had het-
compared to epithelial expression in full thickness samples (Wilcoxon
erogeneous contrast enhancement of the pancreas. CTA significantly
signed rank test, p=0.6).
identified more portal vein thromboses than ultrasound; CT= 10/25
These results report the mRNA expression of canine EP4R in jejunum
and ultrasound= 1/25 (p value < 0.01). Dogs with heterogeneous
and enteroids of healthy dogs and confirms the utility of canine enter-
contrast enhancement were significantly more likely to have portal
oids to investigate effects of NSAIDs on the GI epithelium.
vein thrombosis (p value <0.01). This study suggests that dogs with
Disclosures
acute
No disclosures to report.
pancreatitis
and
heterogeneous
pancreatic
contrast
ABSTRACTS
1070
and intestinal microbiota are documented, intestinal proteolytic activ-
ESCG-P-7
ity has never been measured in canine IBD. The objective of this study
was to compare intestinal activities of elastase and trypsin in IBD and
Characterization of the fecal microbiome of cats with chronic
enteropathy
healthy dogs.
S. Marsilio , R.K. Pilla , B. Chow , S.L. Hill , J.A. Lidbury , J.M. Steiner ,
J. Suchodolski1
1
Texas A&M University, GI Lab, College Station, United States of America,
2
Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, United States of America
Eight IBD and 7 healthy dogs were recruited. All dogs had complete
Chronic enteropathy (CE) is very common in cats. The intestinal
score. Tissue elastase (Du-Elas and Il-Elas) and trypsin (Du-Tryp and Il-
microbiome is recognized as an important contributor to intestinal
Tryp) activities were quantified on intestinal tissue samples using
inflammation in people and dogs with CE. The aim of this study was
quenched fluorescent substrate-based assays and reported in mU/mg
1
1
2
2
1
1
chemistry panel and blood count, fecal flotation, trypsin-like immunoreactivity, folates and B12, and duodenal and ileal biopsies with endoscopic biopsy forceps. Disease activity was quantified using CCECAI
to perform an untargeted analysis of the fecal microbiome of cats
of proteins. Wilcoxon and Spearman’s rank tests were used for statis-
with CE.
tical analysis. Results are presented as median [range].
Fecal samples were obtained from 30 cats with histologically con-
IBD dogs had a median CCECAI of 9, [4-16] and compared to healthy
firmed CE and 42 healthy control cats. Amplification and sequencing
dogs, significantly higher Du-Elas (0.68mU/mg [0.12-1.61] vs
of the V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene were performed utiliz-
0.12mU/mg [0.09-0.43], p=0.040), Du-Tryp (5.91mU/mg [0.56-18.38]
ing the Illumina Sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) platform. The software
vs 2.21mU/mg [0.60-4.15], p=0.013), Il-Elas (0.60 mU/mg [0.13-7.19]
Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME v2.0) was used
vs 0.06mU/mg [0.03-0.13], p<0.001) and Il-Tryp (7.69mU/mg
for data processing and analysis. Differences in the species richness
[1.29-11.69] vs 0.50mU/mg [0.12-0.80], p<0.001). Positive correla-
between groups were calculated using a Mann-Whitney U test. Dif-
tions between CCECAI and DuTryp (r=0.77, p=0.002) and IlTryp
ferences in microbial communities between groups were evaluated
(r=0.71, p=0.007) and negative correlations between folates and IlElas
with the phylogeny based unweighted UniFrac distance metric and
(r=-0.61, p=0.03), and also albumin and DuTryp (r=-0.76, p=0.003)
statistics were performed with the Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM).
were observed.
Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was utilized to identify
Intestinal proteolytic activities in canine IBD are upregulated, and cor-
bacterial populations associated with CE.
relate with clinical severity. Proteases are likely involved in the patho-
Results showed a significantly lower species richness in cats with CE
genesis of canine IBD and may represent a possible therapeutic target
compared to healthy control cats (p = 0.004). Chronic enteropathy
in cases that are non-responsive to standard therapy.
was associated with bacteria of the families Streptococcaceae and
Disclosures
Enterobacteriaceae. Analysis of beta-diversity showed significantly
No disclosures to report.
different clustering between cats with CE compared to healthy control cats (p= 0.035).
ESCG-P-9
Similar to results in people and dogs, our results show a decreased
bacterial diversity in cats with CE. Further studies to evaluate differ-
Hypercobalaminemia in 144 samples from cats and dogs
ences between different forms of CE and to develop a dysbiosis index
C. Bertolani1, M.D. Tabar2, A. Esparza2, N. Giulia1, L. Queijo1
1
Hospital veterinari Canis Mallorca, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 2Hospital
Veterinario San Vicente, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
to characterize global changes of the microbiome are warranted.
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
Hypercobalaminemia is underestimated,classically considered as not
S Marsilio, R Pilla, JA Lidbury, JM Steiner, and JS Suchodolski are affili-
clinically significant. However, hypercobalaminemia has been found in
ated with the Texas A&M Gastrointestinal Laboratory that offers tests
people with serious underlying pathologies (solid neoplasm, myelopro-
for evaluation of the fecal microbiome and other tests for gastrointes-
liferative blood disorders, liver disease and kidney failure). Recently, it
tinal function on a fee-for-service- basis.
has been linked to hepatic and neoplastic disease in cats, and hepatic
disease in dogs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the
ESCG-P-8
prevalence and significance of hypercobalaminemia in small animals.
Results of serum cobalamin measurements were retrospectively
Serine proteases activity in intestinal tissue of dogs with
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - a new insight into the
pathogenesis of IBD?
R. Lavoué1, F. Jolivet2, C. Deraison1, M.O. Semin3, N. Jousserand1,
A. Diquélou1, N. Vergnolle1, O. Dossin1
1
IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse,
France, 2Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT,
Toulouse, France, 3Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, Université de
Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
reviewed from samples from animals evaluated for different diseases
from two Veterinary Hospitals. Samples were measured in an outside
laboratory (Idexx Barcelona) with using a chemiluminescent assay (reference range 275-590 ng/L-dogs and 270-1000 ng/L- cats).
The study included 347 samples from 221 dogs and 59 cats
(41 patients with ≥ 2 measures). There were 108 females and
171 males. Median age was 7 years (0.25-17 years). Four feline breeds
and 48 canine breeds were represented.
Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a frequent and sometimes
The prevalence of hypercobalaminemia was 41,49% (144 out of
challenging condition. Although implications of the immune system
347 samples): 36,26% in dogs (99 out of 273) and 60,81% in cats
ABSTRACTS
1071
(45 out of 74). Among them, five patients have received previous
5, BW > IBW×1.21; BCS of 4, BW= IBW ×1.11 to 1.20; BCS of 3, BW
cobalamin injection. In eighty-six patients underlying disease were
= IBW ×0.91 to 1.10; BCS of 2, BW = IBW ×0.90 to 0.81; and BCS of
confirmed and included IBD (n=35), pancreatitis (n=13), liver disease
1, BW < IBW ×0.80. The correlation between body length and IBW
(n=10), antibiotic responsive enteropathy (n=9), food responsive
was examined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient test.
enteropathy (n=6), hyperthyroidism (n=4), protein losing enteropathy
A high correlation was found between IBW and each of the three
(n=2), gluten intolerance (n=1), cardiac disease (n=2), inmune-
measuring positions. The correlation coefficients between IBW and
mediated thrombocytopenia (n=2), leishmaniasis (n=2), gastroduode-
body length measured at A, B and C were 0.945, 0.932 and 0.910,
nal ulcers (n=2), exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (n=1), ulcerative coli-
respectively. We used position A as the body length, since the highest
tis (n=1) and foreign body (n=1). In the 34 patients with only
correlation coefficient was found between the position A and IBW.
presumptive diagnosis, the most likely underlying disease was chronic
The regression express wasy=0.009x2-0.359x+5.162. Using the
enteropathy (n=29).
regression equation for this measurement position, we can estimate
The underlying diseases found in animals with hypercobalaminemia
the IBW of a dog from its body length. For example, the IBW of a dog
from the present study included some previously described etiologies.
with a body length of 40cm would be 5.2kg. If this dog’s current BW
Interestingly, the most common encountered diseases were IBD, ARD
is 6.0kg, it is 1.15 times the IBW.This gives us a BCS of 4.When this
and pancreatitis. A potential explanation for this finding could be the
method was tried by several clinical veterinarians, they replied that
presence of reactive hepatic disease. In fact, those animals were
this method was identical or well matched to result of the conven-
examined for suspected cobalamin deficiency. Although there is no
tional BCS assessment.
consensus in human medicine on the interpretation of this findings, it
Disclosures
should be emphasized that methylmalonic acid values (not measured
No disclosures to report.
in the present study) better reflects cobalamin status and functional
cobalamin deficiency can still occur. Another limitation was its retro-
ESVC-P-1
spective design with previous cobalamin administration in referred
patients.
This study highlights the importance of further evaluate patients with
hypercobalaminemia, a warning sign requiring exclusion of other
underlying pathologies.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVCN-P-1
Left shift of the ventricular mean electrical axis in healthy Doberman
Pinschers
T. Vezzosi1, C. Carnabuci2, F. Marchesotti3, R. Tognetti4, O. Domenech3
1
Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 2Freelance, Rome, Italy, 3Department of Cardiology, Istituto Veterinario di
Novara, Novara, Italy, 4Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of
Pisa, Pisa, Italy
In electrocardiography, the ventricular mean electrical axis (MEA) is
defined as the average direction of the myocardial activation vectors
during ventricular depolarization. In dogs, the reference interval of the
Studies on a new body condition scoring by morphometric methodin
dogs (2nd report)
MEA on the frontal plane is between +40 and +100 . MEA values
A. Koizumi, R. Aihara, H. Asakawa, M. Sakurada, K. Otsuji
Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
dogs have a more vertical cardiac axis compare to broad chested dogs.
can be influenced by the shape of the thorax, since narrow-chested
Breed differences in ECG values has been described in previous
The body condition score (BCS) is the most commonly used system
studies.
for the assessment of nutritional status of dogs. It estimates body fat
The aim of this study was to evaluate the MEA in healthy Doberman
stores subjectively and semi-quantitatively by visual inspection and
Pinschers to describe a normal reference range in this breed, hypothe-
palpation. Its accuracy and reliability, however, are inherently limited.
sizing that some of healthy Dobermans have a left shift of the MEA
For a better assessment of overall body condition, we have previously
based on standard values.
developed a BCS palpation model, but it did not help the visual
This was a retrospective, multicenter, observational study. Dogs were
inspection part of the process. A morphometric method to estimate
included if considered healthy based on history, physical examination,
the percent body fat has been developed. However, this method can-
chest x-ray, echocardiography and standard 6-lead surface ECG.
not be applied to short-legged breeds. The purpose of the present
Exclusion criteria consisted of any cardiac or systemic diseases. MEA
study was, therefore, to develop a clinically feasible, new morphomet-
was calculated using the isoelectric lead method. A MEA less than
ric method for the assessment of body condition of the dog.
+40 was defined as left shift, and a MEA greater than 100 as right
Forty-two dogs with varying BCS were used. The percent body fat
shift. Morphology of the QRS complex on lead II was also analysed.
was determined by the deuterium oxide dilution method. The follow-
A total of 41 healthy Doberman Pinschers were included, with
ing three lengths were measured using a ruler: A from the episternum
26 females and 15 males. The mean age was 5.2 2.7 years. The
to the ischial tuberosity; B from the cranial angle of the scapula to the
median MEA was +45 , and ranged from -45 to +90 . MEA was devi-
base of the tail; C from the cranial angle of the scapula to the sacral
ated in 16/41 dogs (39%). All dogs with a MEA deviation presented a
tuber of the ilium. Body fat percentage of 20% was adopted as ideal
left axis deviation, with a median value of 0 and a range from -45 to
body fat percentage. A 5-point BCS scale was defined by the ideal
+ 30 . No influence of sex and body weight on MEA was detected.
body weight (IBW ) and current body weight (BW) as follows: BCS of
Dogs older than 7 years had a significant left axis deviation in
ABSTRACTS
1072
comparison to younger dogs (P=0.037). Regarding the QRS complex
score was significantly decreased in the exercise group (before:
morphology, 15/41 dogs (37%) had a “QR” morphology, 13/41 (32%)
11.62.7, after: 9.11.3; P = 0.26), but not in the control group (day
had a “qRs” morphology, 9/41 (22%) had a “QRs” morphology, 2/41
0: 10.52.8, day 180: 10.22.0); and the six-minute walk distance
(5%) had a “QRS” morphology, 1/41 (2%) had a “qR” morphology and
was
significantly
increased
in
the
exercise
group
(before:
1/41 (2%) “qrs” morphology. Among dogs showing left axis deviation,
300.2101.0 m, after: 362.4112.4 m; P = 0.008), but not in the con-
9/16 dogs (56%) had “QRs” or “QR” morphology.
trol group (day 0: 346.7117.7 m, day 180: 378.3135.0 m). To con-
Reference range of the MEA in Doberman Pinschers differs from the
clude, a six-month structured exercise program was well-tolerated in
general canine population, with a significant number of healthy dogs
sedentary dogs with asymptomatic myxomatous mitral valve disease.
presenting a left shift of the MEA based on standard values, especially
This program may improve the quality of life without impairment of
in older dogs. Many dogs with MEA deviation showed a deep Q wave
the selected radiographic and echocardiographic parameters.
in lead II. This data should be considered when electrocardiographic
Disclosures
evaluation is performed in this breed.
No disclosures to report.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVC-P-3
ESVC-P-2
Indeterminate mean electrical axis of the QRS complex in the dog
Effects of a structured exercise program in sedentary dogs with
asymptomatic myxomatous mitral valve disease: quality of life, and
radiographic and echocardiographic parameters
V. Chang1, S. Chiu2, H. Huang1
1
Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, Taipei, Taiwan, 2Azu Clinic for
Animals, Taipei, Taiwan
According to American Heart Association guidelines, exercise can
reduce all-cause mortality and hospital readmission, improving symptoms and health-related quality of life. The current evidence-based
information on the effects of exercise on the management of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs, is limited. This study aimed to
evaluate the effects of a structured exercise program in sedentary
dogs with asymptomatic myxomatous mitral valve disease.
Fifteen indoor dogs (six in the control and nine in the exercise groups)
with asymptomatic myxomatous mitral valve disease (ACVIM stage B1)
were included. A thorough physical examination, routine blood work-up,
non-invasive arterial systolic blood pressure measurement, lateral and
ventrodorsal thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography were performed to exclude other cardiac and systemic diseases.
C. Parmentola1, V. Patata1, T. Vezzosi2, F. Marchesotti1, R. Tognetti2,
D. Domenech1
1
Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Novara, Italy, 2University of Pisa, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Pisa, Italy
The mean electrical axis (MEA) of the QRS complex is the average of all
the instantaneous mean electrical vectors occurring sequentially during
ventricular depolarization, and it ranges from +40 to +100 in healthy
dogs. In humans, indeterminate QRS axis (iQRS axis) is defined as the
impossibility to calculate the MEA of the QRS due to biphasic complexes
with equal or nearly equal positive and negative components in all the six
limb leads. The iQRS axis is a rare condition in humans and it occurs when
the MEA is perpendicular to the frontal plane. In humans, iQRS axis has
been found in healthy subjects and in patients with ventricular hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of the iQRS
axis in dogs, looking for associations between iQRS and age, body weight,
thoracic morphotype as well as presence of cardiac diseases.
Standard 6-leads ECGs were retrospectively analysed from the clinical
database of the Istituto Veterinario of Novara. MEA of the QRS complex was calculated with the isoelectric lead method. A total of 1333
The owners in the exercise group were instructed by a certified canine
dogs were included. IQRS axis was identified in 8/1333 dogs, with an
rehabilitation therapist on guiding their dogs through the exercise pro-
overall prevalence of 0.6%. Among the 8 dogs presenting iQRS axis,
gram. The exercise protocol combined aerobic and resistant exercises at
6 did not have any cardio-structural abnormality, and the remaining
the level of low to moderate intensity interval training. The owners in
2 dogs had severe right ventricular enlargement secondary to pul-
the control group were instructed to maintain their dogs’ usual routine.
monic stenosis (n=1) and tricuspid valve dysplasia (n=1). Among
For all dogs, a five-point quality of life scale (appetite, demeanor, exer-
healthy dogs presenting iQRS axis, 6/6 (100%) had a deep-chested
cise tolerance, fainting, respiratory effort, cough, and nocturnal dys-
thoracic morphotype. No significant differences were found between
pnea/coughing),
radiographic,
dogs with and without iQRS axis regarding age (4.3 years, range 1-12
electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic examinations were then
years versus 9.1 years, range 2-13 years; P=0.171) and body weight
assessed every two months for six months. Multiple multivariate models
(24 kg, range 13-29 kg versus 21 kg, range 23-34 kg; P=0.646).
of repeated measures were used for multiple comparisons before and
In conclusion, iQRS axis is a rare condition in dogs and it seems to be
after exercise in the study subjects and between the groups.
more frequent in deep-chested dogs. In this thoracic morphotype, the
The vertebral heart sum and echocardiographic variables (fractional
more vertical cardiac axis, perpendicular to the frontal plane, might be
shortening, and left atrial-to-aortic ratio) showed no significant differ-
the reason of iQRS axis. In addition, according to our results, right
ence between the control and the exercise groups, and before and
ventricular enlargement might be a cause of iQRS axis. Further studies
after the exercise intervention (day 0 and 180: control: VHS 9.90.7
are needed to better identify the association between iQRS axis and
and 9.90.8, FS 427% and 4411%, LA/Ao 1.20.1 and 1.30.1;
cardiac diseases in dogs.
exercise: VHS 9.90.6 and 9.80.4, FS 4110% and 4610%, LA/Ao
Disclosures
1.30.2 and 1.30.2). After six months of exercise, the quality of life
No disclosures to report.
six-minute
walk
test,
chest
ABSTRACTS
1073
ESVC-P-4
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
Clinical narrative analysis of clinical findings associated with
measurement of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in dogs
and cats
M.J. Hezzell1, S. O'Shaughnessy1, E. Arsevka2, D. Singleton2
1
University of Bristol Veterinary School, Bristol, United Kingdom, 2Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston,
United Kingdom
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a biomarker
of cardiac stretch. The best characterised indication for NT-proBNP
measurement in dogs and cats is differentiation of cardiac and noncardiac causes of respiratory distress. Other indications include prognostication, screening for cardiomyopathies and cardiac disease monitoring. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical signs
The study was funded by a Start-Up Grant from the University of
Bristol Veterinary School. Dr Hezzell has previously received research
funding from IDEXX Laboratories Inc.
ESVC-P-5
Adverse Effects of amlodipine on the treatment of heart
failure in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease: preliminary
results
C.N. Duarte, M.H.M.A. Larsson, C. Santos, D.F.L. Silva, R.B. Pessoa,
C.S.Z. Hudson, C.T. Amaral, V.H.L. Andrade, J.A.R. Soares Jr.,
M.O.S. Gomes
School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
associated with measurement of NT-proBNP, as recorded by veterinarians in the free text clinical narrative (CN) of the Electronic Health
Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease (MMVD) is the most common
Record (EHR) in dogs and cats presenting to the veterinary practices
heart disease in dogs of small breeds. Amlodipine is a calcium
from the Small Animal Veterinary Surveillance Network (SAVSNET) in
channel blocker that can be beneficial on the treatment of heart
Great Britain.
failure (HF), due to arterial vasodilator effect, but the adverse
The CNs of 3510 individual appointments (including 346 dogs and
effects in patients with MMVD are unclear. The aim of this study is
272 cats) were evaluated from 99 veterinary practices across England
evaluate the adverse effects of amlodipine on the treatment of
and Wales between April 2014 and May 2017. Reasons for NT-
dogs with MMVD stage C. This is a clinical trial randomized
proBNP measurement were categorised as follows; disease Investiga-
double-blinded placebo-control study, that all dogs receive con-
tion, disease Monitoring, Discount (laboratory promotion) and
ventional therapy to MMVD stage C (furosemide, spironolactone,
Unknown (reason for measurement not stated). Key phrases were
enalapril and pimobendan), and randomized in two groups: amlodi-
extracted using a simple text filtering based on keywords from the CN
pine or placebo. The amlodipine mean dose is 0.3 mg/kg once a
of each patient to determine the clinical signs associated with mea-
day. The dogs are followed during 10 months, with clinical assess-
surement of NT-proBNP.
ment, echocardiogram, measurement of systemic arterial blood
NT-proBNP measurements in dogs were categorised as Investigation
pressure (SABP) and serum biochemistry. The main side effect of
(60%, n=219), Monitoring (10%, n=36), Discount (9%, n=32) and
amlodipine is the hypotension that may lead to increase of serum
Unknown (21%, n=75). In Investigation, a heart murmur (136/219,
creatinine and BUN, therefore the adverse effects of amlodipine
62%) was the most commonly reported clinical sign. Signs commonly
have been assessed by measurement of systolic SABP (by vascular
accompanying
coughing
Doppler method) and serum creatinine and BUN. Systolic SABP
(n=46/136,34%), exercise intolerance (n=13/136, 10%) and panting
was measured at the first day of treatment with amlodipine or pla-
(n=11/136, 8%). Coughing was reported in 11% (n=25) of dogs with
cebo (T0), seven days (T7D), one month (T1M) and three months
no murmur or arrhythmia in Investigation. The following were infre-
(T3M) after the beginning of the treatment. Serum creatinine and
quently reported; tachypnoea (n= 5/219, 2%), dyspnoea (n=2/219,
BUN were measured at times T0 and T7D. Up to the present time
1%), lethargy, “discomfort and unspecified malaise” and “gagging and
it have already been enrolled 14 dogs in this study. There was no
a
murmur
in
Investigation
were
retching” (each n=1/219, 0.5%). Pre-anaesthetic testing was the sole
difference in systolic SABP between amlodipine and placebo
stated reason for NT-proBNP measurement in 1 dog.
groups at the four times assessed (p>0.05). There was no differ-
NT-proBNP measurements in cats were categorised as Investigation
ence in systolic SABP in the placebo group among the four times
(74%, n=210), Monitoring (8%, n=24) and Unknown (18%, n=50). In
too (p>0.05). The amlodipine group presented a significant
Investigation a heart murmur was the most commonly reported clini-
increase of systolic SABP between T0 and T7D (p=0.003) and sig-
cal sign (150/210, 71%). The following were infrequently reported;
nificant decrease between T1M and T3M (p=0.003). No dog
dyspnoea (n=8/210, 4%), weight loss, tachypnoea and lethargy (each
(of the both groups) presented hypotension (systolic SABP <
n=1/210, 0.5%).
90 mmHg) in the four times of evaluation. Creatinine and BUN
CN analysis of EHRs allowed summarisation of motivators for NT-
serum values didn’t present difference in the amlodipine group
proBNP measurement in first opinion practice. Investigation of a
between T0 and T7D (p>0.05) and the same result was observed in
heart murmur appears to be the most common reason for NT-
the placebo group (p>0.05). There was also no difference to creati-
proBNP measurement in dogs and cats. NT-proBNP measurements
nine and BUN values between the groups for T0 and T7D (p>0.05).
were not commonly used for disease monitoring in either dogs or
This preliminary results showed that amlodipine at the used dose
cats. Despite being the best characterised indication, NT-proBNP
don’t induce hypotension or decrease of systolic SABP when com-
was rarely measured in dogs or cats presenting with tachypnoea or
pared to placebo group, and don’t increase serum creatinine and
dyspnoea.
BUN values during the seven first days of treatment.
ABSTRACTS
1074
ESVC-P-7
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
Serum uric acid concentrations in dogs with chronic heart failure and
atrial fibrillation
ESVC-P-6
M. Michalek, A. Tabis, A. Noszczyk-Nowak
Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
Assessment of pulmonary hypertension in dogs with
angiostrongylosis before and after treatment
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disturbance
E. Roels, A.C. Merveille, F. Billen, E. Moyse, C. Clercx, K. Mc Entee
University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
associated with poor prognosis and outcome encountered in clinical
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common comorbidity in dogs
is a well known factor facilitating initiation and maintenance of AF, lit-
infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum. The aim of the present
tle is known about the role of oxidative stress in this process. Uric acid
descriptive study was to assess echocardiographic changes indicative
(UA) is the terminal enzymatic product of purine metabolism. In
practice in dogs. While structural and electrical remodeling of the atria
of PH and outcome in dogs treated for angiostrongylosis. Dogs with
a positive Angio-detect (IDEXX) or Bearmann analysis and echocardiography performed at diagnosis (T0) were retrospectively included
(n=23, median age 1.9years, range 0.3–15.8). After treatment,
follow-up echocardiography was performed in 16 dogs either within
short-term (n=12) (< 5months after diagnosis; median 1month)
(T1) and/or long-term (n=7) (> 5months; median 15.9months) (T2).
Tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG), main pulmonary
artery to aorta ratio (MPA/Ao), right pulmonary vein to pulmonary
artery ratio (PV/PA), right pulmonary distensibility index (RPAD), and
acceleration to ejection time ratio of the pulmonary flow (AT:ET)
were retrospectively measured and compared over time using a
mixed linear model. Dogs were treated with fenbendazole for 1 to
21 days (median 7 days) followed by a moxidectin spot-on (n=19).
Additionally, 14 dogs received cardiac treatment for PH including sil-
humans, the serum UA level is strongly correlated with cardiovascular
risk factors, including the risk of atrial fibrillation. It is also considered
a marker of increased oxidative stress via the xanthine oxidase
pathway.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of
uric acid in the serum of dogs with advanced chronic heart failure,
dogs with atrial fibrillation and healthy controls.
Fifty-three client-owned dogs with complete clinical, electro- and
echocardiographic examinations were enrolled in the study. A fasting
blood sample was collected for diagnostic purposes and sent to a
commercial veterinary laboratory where CBC and general biochemistry, including the serum uric acid concentration, were evaluated. Dogs
with normal kidney and liver function were then assigned to the
chronic heart failure group (CHF group, 17 dogs), CHF with AF group
(CHF+AF group, 20 dogs) and the control group (16 dogs). The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis followed Dunn’s post-hoc multiple
denafil (n=14), pimobendan (n=5), and furosemide (n=2). A significant
comparisons test were applied to test for statistically significant differ-
improvement of PVPA in M-mode (0.56 at T0 vs. 1.02 at T1
ences between the groups.
vs. 0.90 at T2, P=0.0002) and in 2D-mode (0.55vs.0.82vs.083,
The serum UA concentration in the CHF+AF group (median: 24.85
P=0.0031),
AT:ET
μmol/L, range 6.76-54.9) was significantly higher than in the CHF
(0.37vs.0.47vs.0.48, P=0.0005) was observed between T0 and T1
group (median: 11 μmol/L, range 7.96-24.3) and the control group
MPA/Ao
(0.95vs.0.80vs.0.83,
P=0.03)
and
and T0 and T2. Differences were not significant between T1 and T2
(median 9.7 μmol/L, range 5.68-18.4; P<0.001). The ROC analysis for
for these parameters. There was no significant change for RPAD
UA had an area under the curve of 0.92. A cut-off point of >16.6
(21.4vs.29.1vs.23.8%,
μmol/L was associated with a sensitivity and specificity of 85% and
P=0.385)
nor
TRPG
(76.6vs.49.2mmHg,
P=0.0842) over time. TRPG was measured in 16/23 (69.6%) dogs at
87.9%, respectively.
T0, 7/12 (58.3%) at T1 and 1/7 (14.2%) at T2. TRPG indicated
The results of this study suggest that AF in dogs is associated with
absent, mild, moderate and severe PH in respectively 1 (4.3%),
increased oxidative stress via xanthine oxidase pathway. Moreover,
3 (13%), 2 (8.7%), and 10 (43.5%) dogs at diagnosis. Of 23 dogs
the serum UA level could be a potential biomarker for AF in dogs.
included, 17 (74%) were alive at the time of writing, while 6 (26%)
This study was supported by ‘Innowacyjny Doktorat’ PhD research
died; with all deaths related to cardio-respiratory disease. Individual
grant from Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences,
survival times from these dogs were 1, 3, 36, 93, 148 and 320 days
grant no. D220/0003/17.
(median 64.5 days) after diagnosis. PH was moderate and severe in
Disclosures
2 and 4 non-survivors respectively. Individual echocardiographic
No disclosures to report.
parameters in non-survivors did not improve at short-term recheck
(n=3). Results of this study demonstrated a mortality rate of 26%
ESVC-P-8
among dogs with angiostrongylosis that underwent an echocardiography at diagnosis. Non-survival seems to be associated with a persistent moderate to severe PH. In general, an improvement of
indirect parameters of PH was noted at short- and long-term
rechecks, despite no significant difference for TRPG at short-term.
Oxidative stress in cats with asymptomatic and symptomatic
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
M. Michalek, A. Tabis, A. Noszczyk-Nowak
Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
Disclosures
Oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between the production of
No disclosures to report.
endogenous reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defence, is an
ABSTRACTS
1075
important contributory factor in the development and progression of
association between environmental factors and cardiovascular disease
numerous cardiovascular diseases. Little is known about the role of
in dogs living an indoor lifestyle. A retrospective case-control study
oxidative stress in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most
was conducted in 103 client-owned dogs. Physical examination, blood
common heart disease in cats. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate
pressure measurement, and other clinical information (thoracic radiog-
the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and gluta-
raphy, echocardiography, and/or previous diagnosis) obtained from
thione peroxidase (GPx) in serum and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)
their medical records were used to determine the presence or absence
in plasma of cats with symptomatic and asymptomatic hypertrophic
of cardiovascular disease. The environmental information of the dogs’
cardiomyopathy and in healthy controls.
households (the presence/absence of indoor air pollution, ambient
Thirty client-owned cats with complete clinical, electro- and echocar-
temperature, and household humidity) was obtained from the data-
diographic examinations, the Doppler systolic blood pressure below
base of a previous project involving an indoor air pollution survey.
160 mmHg and normal creatinine and thyroxine concentrations were
Forty-seven dogs with cardiovascular disease (chronic valvular heart
enrolled in the study. Samples were collected for diagnostic purposes
disease, pulmonary hypertention, aortic insufficiency, arrhythmia, or
with research material appropriated from the excess of what was
borderline/sustained systemic hypertension) and 56 control dogs
needed for diagnostics. The patients were assigned to the clinical
were compared. Except for household humidity (64.8% vs 68.3%,
HCM group (HCM, n=8), asymptomatic HCM group (A-HCM, n=11)
P = 0.048), exposure to several well-known indoor air pollutants (sec-
and the control group (n=11). The activity of oxidative stress enzymes
ond-hand smoke, P = 0.72; cooking fumes, P = 0.29; incense burning,
and plasma TAC were determined using commercially available assay
P = 0.61), the average PM2.5 concentration in the pet house
kits. After testing for normality with Shapiro-Wilk test data were ana-
(P = 0.53), and ambient temperature (P = 0.054) were not statistically
lyzed between the groups with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey
different between dogs with and without cardiovascular disease.
post test or the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis followed by
Among signalment factors, dogs with cardiovascular disease were sig-
the post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test to assess statistically
nificantly older (P < 0.001) and were more likely to be overweight
significant differences.
(BCS ≥7/9) (P = 0.013) than control dogs. Multivariable logistic regres-
There were no statistically significant differences among the groups
sion analysis showed aging (adjust OR = 1.27, P = 0.004) and over-
with respect to age, weight and sex ratio. Each group consisted of var-
weight (adjust OR = 4.34, P = 0.017) were associated with increased
ious cat breeds. Serum SOD activity was significantly lower in the
risk of cardiovascular disease in dogs. In conclusion, the association
HCM group (mean 0.990.35 U/mL) and A-HCM group (mean
1.390.4 U/mL) compared to the healthy controls (mean 2.070.76
U/mL, p<0.01). Serum CAT activity was significantly lower in the
A-HCM group (mean 19.44.2 nmol/min/mL) compared to the HCM
group (mean 23.65.9 nmol/min/mL) and healthy controls (mean
307.5 nmol/min/mL, p<0.01). There were no significant differences
in the serum activity of GPx (p=0.21) or plasma TAC (p=0.89) between
the groups. Serum SOD activity correlated with the CAT activity
between environmental hazards and cardiovascular disease was not
found in pet dogs.
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
This study was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 105-2313-B-002-055 -).
ESVC-P-10
(r=0.44, p<0.05).
Increased oxidative stress in the symptomatic and asymptomatic
HCM cats was evident based on the statistically significant decrease
in the serum SOD and CAT activity. The CAT activity also tended to
be lower in symptomatic cats compared to healthy controls, although
did not reach significance.
This study was supported by ‘Innowacyjny Doktorat’ PhD research
grant from Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences,
grant no. D220/0003/17.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVC-P-9
Longitudinal right ventricle strain and strain rate by 2-dimensional
speckle tracking echocardiography in dogs with pulmonary
hypertension
D. Caivano1, M. Rishniw2, F. Birettoni1, M.E. Giorgi1, F. Porciello1
1
University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, 2Veterinary Information Network,
Davis, United States of America
Longitudinal right ventricular (RV) function, as estimated by the deformation variables strain and strain rate, has been evaluated by speckle
tracking echocardiography (STE) in healthy dogs and dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), but not dogs with pulmonary
hypertension (PH). Therefore, we evaluated the longitudinal RV strain
and strain rate in dogs with PH.
We acquired 2D echocardiographic cineloops from the left apical
4-chamber view optimized for the RV, and analyzed longitudinal RV
Is there an association between environmental factors and
cardiovascular disease in dogs?
strain and strain rate in 82 dogs (32 healthy dogs, 24 MMVD dogs
P.Y. Lo, C.H. Lin
National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
with PH were classified based on the tricuspid regurgitation (TR) jet
Ambient air pollution has been found to increase cardiovascular risk in
In healthy dogs, strain rate showed a moderate negative relationship
many human epidemiological studies. However, little is known about
with heart rate (r2=0.35) and a weak positive relationship with body
such risk in pet dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the
weight (r2=0.13); strain showed no relationships with heart rate or
without PH and 26 dogs with PH) using XstrainTM software. Dogs
velocity (> 3 m/sec) and degree of MMVD.
ABSTRACTS
1076
bodyweight. Strain and strain rate showed weak positive relationships
stages, presence of arrhythmias, and collapse were significantly asso-
with LA:Ao in MMVD dogs without PH (r2=0.2 and r2=0.18). Strain
ciated with time to CD. Dogs from ACVIM stage B had a median time
and strain rate showed strong positive relationships with TR velocity
to decompensation of 15.9 months [IQR=8.2-45.0], and a median time
in dogs with PH (r2=0.7). Only TR velocity was retained in a multivari-
to CD of 42.9 months [IQR=19.1-56.1] versus 17.8 [IQR=5.4-38.4] for
able model to predict strain and strain rate in dogs with PH; heart rate,
dogs from stage C and D.
bodyweight and LA:Ao were excluded. Both strain and strain rate
In conclusion, this study confirms that dogs with TM related to DMVD,
showed good sensitivity (100%), but modest specificity (70%) for iden-
including dogs from ACVIM stage B, usually have a severe form of the
tifying severe PH.
disease, with a majority of dogs presenting with chordae tendineae rup-
Our data suggest that longitudinal RV deformation analysis using STE
ture, pulmonary hypertension, and severe MV regurgitation.
can identify dogs with severe PH. Body weight, heart rate and MMVD
Disclosures
can influence the strain and strain rate values and should be carefully
Disclosures to report.
considered in dogs with PH.
C. Poissonnier : Fondation Un Coeur / Vetoquinol sponsoring for clini-
Disclosures
cal projects unrelated to this study.
No disclosures to report.
ESVC-P-12
ESVC-P-11
Epidemiological, clinical, echocardiographic features and prognosis
of dogs with a thrilling murmur related to degenerative mitral valve
disease: 374 cases (2006-2017)
C. Poissonnier, M. Klam, E. Trehiou-Sechi, V. Arqued-Soubeyran,
J.L. Pouchelon, R. Tissier, L. Desquilbet, V. Chetboul
National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
Degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is the most common
acquired heart disease in small-breed dogs, resulting in poor apposition of the mitral valve (MV) leaflets during systole. This leads to MV
regurgitation, which is clinically detected as a left apical systolic heart
murmur, the intensity of which is classically classified according to a
A retrospective multi-centre study investigating evidence of
thrombosis in dogs diagnosed with atrial fibrillation
L. Heseltine1, B.A. Love2, G. McAulay3, E. Pavelkova4, L. Ferasin5,
M. Dunning1
1
University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 2Wear Referrals, Bradbury, United Kingdom, 3New Priory Vets, Brighton, United Kingdom, 4Woodcroft Referrals, Cheshire, United Kingdom, 5Lumbry Park,
Alton, United Kingdom
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common canine cardiac arrhythmia. Left
atrial appendage thrombus development and associated risk of thromboembolism is a common complication of AF in humans. There are no
largescale studies investigating the incidence of thromboembolic dis-
6-grade scheme. Past studies have shown that an increase in heart
ease in dogs with AF. The aim of this retrospective study was to iden-
murmur intensity over time is associated with worsening of DMVD
tify any evidence for thromboembolic events in dogs diagnosed with
lesions, with thrilling murmurs (TM, i.e., of grade V/VI and VI/VI) asso-
AF and whether this affected outcome.
ciated with more severe disease. The objectives of this retrospective
One-hundred and twenty one dogs were included in this study follow-
study were to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and echocar-
ing assessment by a cardiologist. Enrolment criteria required dogs to
diographic features of dogs with TM related to DMVD, and to identify
have a diagnosis of AF confirmed by electrocardiography. Direct or
parameters associated with survival. The case records of small-breed
indirect evidence for thrombus formation or a thromboembolic event
dogs (under 15 kg) diagnosed with TM related to DMVD were
was identified for individual cases based on analysis of clinical notes
reviewed. The study population consisted of 374 dogs (median age at
and diagnostic investigations. Statistical tests included Chi-squared,
detection
unpaired student T-tests, Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA
of
TM=10.7
years
[IQR=8.6-12.5],
male-to-female
ratio=1.8). The most represented breeds were Cavalier King Charles
testing, with significance set at P<0.05.
Spaniel, Yorkshire Terrier, Poodle and Chihuahua. Thirty-six dogs had
Intracardiac masses consistent with thrombi were identified echocar-
a concurrent hemodynamically compromised systemic or cardiac dis-
diographically in 5 dogs (4.1% of cases). Clinical signs potentially
ease and were therefore excluded from the subsequent analysis.
attributable to thromboembolic disease were identified in 15 dogs
According to the ACVIM classification, 24%(82/338) were in stage
(12.4% of cases), however these cases had no intracardiac thrombus
B2, 61% (207/338) in stage C and 7% (22/338) in stage D. Chordae
detected by echocardiography. There was no association between the
tendineae rupture was identified in 75% (254/338) of the included
presence of a thrombus and gender (P=0.73), type of AF (lone vs. AF
dogs, severe pulmonary hypertension (systolic pulmonary arterial
secondary to structural heart disease) (P=0.76) or antiarrhythmic
pressure >75 mmHg) in 27% (90/337), and tachyarrhythmias in 46%
treatment (P=0.23).
(157/338). Regurgitation fraction (RF), assessed using the PISA
Anti-platelet therapy was instituted in four cases (3.3%). Three of
method, was >30% for all dogs (median value=70%[IQR=59-76]),
these cases had intra-cardiac thrombi confirmed by echocardiography
which is consistent with moderate to severe MV regurgitation.
and received clopidogrel. Two of these were euthanased due to pro-
Among the 265/338 dogs for which a follow-up was available,
gressive, refractory congestive heart failure; the third died naturally
173/265 (65%) died. 68% (118/173) of deaths were cardiac in origin
from an unknown cause. The fourth case received aspirin following a
(CD) with a median time to CD of 25.1 months after diagnosis
suspected thromboembolic event with neurological signs consistent
[IQR=8.3-52.7]. Univariate analyses revealed that RF>70%, left atrium
with a central vascular accident (CVA); this dog was still alive at time
to aorta ratio≥1.5 at end-diastole, left ventricular dilation, ACVIM
of study.
ABSTRACTS
1077
Of the cases where circumstances at time of death were known
at T3 was significantly higher when comparing with T0 (p=0.03) and
(n=53), four dogs (7.5%) died from suspected thromboembolism. No
T1 (p=0.018).
significant association was identified between the median age at time
This study confirms that cortisolemia is higher at 3h rather than 1h
of death (P=0.48) and median survival time after AF diagnosis
after stimulation with ACTH depot in dogs with HAC under trilostane
(P=0.06) in the dogs suffering thromboembolic complications com-
therapy. These results are in agreement to what was previously pub-
pared to those without, suggesting limited impact on outcome.
lished concerning the use of this compound for the diagnosis of HAC
In conclusion, this study found thrombi or thromboembolic events in
in suspected cases. This is probably due to the longer action of this
dogs diagnosed with AF were infrequent, although the low sensitivity
formulation and, consequently, a latter stimulation of adrenal reserve,
of screening methods used may have underestimated the frequency
when compared to the short-acting ACTH.
of thrombi. Given the low-incidence of confirmed thromboembolic
In summary, when ACTH depot is used to assess adrenal function in
complications in dogs with AF, further work is required to understand
dogs with HAC under trilostane therapy, the ACTH stimulation test
the different factors influencing hypercoagulability and thrombus for-
protocol should be adapted and post-stimulation cortisol level should
mation in dogs and humans.
be measured 3h instead of 1h after stimulation.
Disclosures
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
Funded by: Project UID/CVT/276/2013 (CIISA).
ESVE-P-1
ESVE-P-2
The use of ACTH-depot for ACTH stimulation test in dogs with
hyperadrenocorticism under trilostane therapy: changes to the
conventional protocol
Predictive model to estimate ionized calcium from routine serum
biochemical profiles in cats
R. Oliveira Leal1,2, N. Silva3, L. Mateus1, H. Lima de Carvalho4
1
CIISA – Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Heath, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon 2 Hospital Escolar Veterinário –
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal, 3Hospital
Veterinário Montenegro, Porto, Portugal, 4Cedivet - Laboratório Clinico
Veterinário, Porto, Portugal
K. Le Boedec1, N. Hugson2, M. McMichael3
Centre Hospitalier Veterinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France, 2University of Illinois, Urbana IL, United States of America, 3College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
1
Ionized calcium measurement is not readily available in practice and
total calcium (tCa) may not be a reliable indicator of calcium status
Several studies have been performed in order to find the best func-
in cats.
tional test for clinical monitoring of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism
The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to predict ionized
(HAC) under trilostane therapy. Despite being controversial, ACTH
calcium from cats with biochemical panels and T4 values and compare
stimulation test is one of the therapeutic tools currently used for this
the diagnostic performances of predicted ionized calcium (piCa)
purpose. When using short-acting exogenous ACTH (tetracosactide),
and tCa.
adrenal reserve stimulation is estimated to be maximal 1h after its
Cats with both ionized calcium and biochemistry panels T4 mea-
administration. However, short-acting ACTH is not widely available in
surements performed within 24h were screened over 6 years. Cases
Europe and in several countries, only the depot formulation is pur-
with both a complete biochemical profile and T4 available were
chasable. To author’s knowledge, only one study has evaluated ACTH
included in the training set (570 cats) and used to create a multivari-
depot concluding that, for a better stimulation of adrenal reserve in
ate adaptive regression splines model to calculate piCa. Diagnostic
dogs with HAC, blood for peak cortisol should be drawn 3h post stim-
performances of tCa and of piCa and its prediction interval (PI) were
ulation with ACTH, instead of 1h (used in the conventional protocol).
compared in 652 cats that had not been included in the training set.
To date, little is known about the use of ACTH depot in dogs under
The final model included creatinine, BUN, albumin, tCa, potassium,
trilostane therapy.
chloride, gamma-glutamyltransferase, cholesterol, age and body condi-
This study aims to assess whether blood cortisolemia is higher at 3h
tion score as independent variables. For hypercalcemia, piCa was sig-
rather than at 1h after stimulation with ACTH depot in dogs with
nificantly more specific (specificity: piCa=0.99, tCa=0.93, p<0.001)
HAC under trilostane therapy.
but less sensitive (sensitivity: piCa=0.30, tCa=0.59, p<0.001) than tCa.
A prospective study was performed including dogs with HAC under
However, the upper limit of the PI was more sensitive than tCa (sensi-
twice-daily trilostane therapy. The ACTH stimulation test was per-
tivity=0.82, p<0.001). For hypocalcemia, piCa was also significantly
formed 2-4h after the morning pill and using the depot formulation
more specific (specificity: piCa=0.82, tCa=0.74, p<0.001) but less sen-
administered intramuscularly. Blood was sampled at T0 (basal cortisol),
sitive (sensitivity: piCa=0.54, tCa=0.70, p<0.001) than tCa, and the
1h (T1) and 3h (T3) after stimulation. Statistical analysis was per-
lower limit of the PI was more sensitive than tCa (sensitivity=0.98,
formed using non-parametric tests (Friedman test and Wilcoxon for
p<0.001).
paired samples).
In conclusion, piCa may help confirm suspected hypercalcemia in cats,
Eight dogs were enrolled. The mean (SE) level of cortisol at T0, T1
owing to its high specificity. Its PI may be used to screen hypercalce-
and T3 was respectively : 1.90 μg/dl ( 0.44), 6.45 μg/dl ( 2.42) and
mia and hypocalcemia, owing to its high sensitivity.
8.95 μg/dl ( 3.17). Differences on cortisolemia among these three
Disclosures
time points were statistically significant (p=0.006). The cortisol level
No disclosures to report.
ABSTRACTS
1078
and included gastrointestinal signs, cytopenias, facial excoriations, and
ESVE-P-3
increase in liver enzymes. In the Felimazole® group 31.2%, in the
Vidalta® group 40.0%, and in the CHM group 28.6% of treated cats
Episodic nocturnal hypoglycaemia in healthy New Zealand
working dogs
1
1
1
1
developed adverse effects. Median survival times were 540 days in
2
the Felimazole® , 365 days in the Vidalta® , and 524 days in the CHM
R. Burchell , J. Giles , R. Owen , N. Cave , W. Cuttance , N. LopezVillalobos1, A. Gal1
1
Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, 2VetEnt, Te Kuiti,
New Zealand
group. The only parameter influencing survival time was presence of
Hypoglycaemia has not been reported in healthy dogs. The goal of
CRD occurred during therapy (619 days) and cats without CRD
this study was to determine if healthy working dogs experience hypo-
(396 days).
glycaemic episodes at night. Twenty-two apparently healthy
In conclusion, all three antithyroid drugs were equally effective for the
New Zealand working Huntaway dogs (median age 4 years, IQR 2-6,
treatment of feline hyperthyroidism. Presence of CRD prior treatment
range 1-10) were fitted with continuous blood glucose monitors
was the most important prognostic parameter.
(4 readings per hour) for 4 days. During that time, the dogs were
Disclosures
worked according to their usual regimen and were fed complete bal-
No disclosures to report.
chronic renal disease (CRD) prior to therapy. Those cats had a significantly shorter survival time (203.5 days) compared to cats in which
anced diets once daily between 6pm-8pm. Nocturnal hypoglycaemia
was considered when serum glucose was < 3.5 mmol/L at any point
ESVE-P-5
between 12am-6am. Nine of 22 dogs (median age 3 years, IQR 2-5,
range 1-8) experienced a median of 4 (IQR 2-22, range 1-79) hypoglycaemic (<3.5mmol/L) episodes (median total readings 96, IQR 72-96,
range 72-96) of which 6 dogs experienced a median of 2 (IQR 1-14,
range 1-78) severe hypoglycaemic (<2.5mmol/L) episodes (median
total readings 96, IQR 78-96, range 72-96). In 5, 2, and 2 of the dogs,
Iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism following treatment with trilostane
for hyperadrenocorticism in dogs: a description of 10 cases
A. Lamoureux, J.L. Cadoré, M. Hugonnard, L. Chabanne, E. Krafft
Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy
l'Etoile, France
glucose was <3.5mmol/L for 1, 2, and 4 nights, respectively; whereas,
Trilostane is currently the medical treatment of choice for hyperadre-
in 5 and 1 of the dogs, glucose was <2.5mmol/L for 1 and 4 nights,
nocorticism in dogs. Iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism is considered
respectively. One dog with a glucose of <3.5mmol/L and a second
infrequent, with most cases being transient. Only 8 cases of perma-
dog with a glucose of <2.5mmol/L had 9 and 1 glucose readings >
nent hypoadrenocorticism have been described; adrenocortical necro-
6.66 mmol/L, respectively. To our knowledge this is the first study
sis was suspected based on post-mortem examination or adrenal
that documents episodic nocturnal hypoglycaemia in apparently
changes on ultrasonography. The goal of this study was to report find-
healthy dogs. Our findings suggest that episodic nocturnal hypogly-
ings from 10 cases of iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism following treat-
caemia may be a normal physiological phenomenon in dogs.
ment with trilostane for hyperadrenocorticism.
Disclosures
Medical records of dogs treated with trilostane since 2008 were
No disclosures to report.
reviewed. Dogs were included if they had clinical signs suggestive of
hypoadrenocorticism and compatible ACTH stimulation test results
ESVE-P-4
and/or serum electrolytes abnormalities. Cases were considered as
permanent if long term treatment of hypoadrenocorticism was
Efficacy of orally administered anti-thyroid drugs for the treatment
of hyperthyroid cats
required.
A. Wehner, L. Tampe, K. Hartmann
Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Munich, Germany
age ranging from 6.5 to 13 years. Nine dogs had a suspected
The most frequently applied treatments in hyperthyroid cats are orally
of hypoadrenocorticism diagnosis were: lethargy (10/10), anorexia
administered anti-thyroid drugs. There are currently no studies evalu-
(10/10), vomiting (7/10), diarrhea (3/10), tremors (3/10) and polyuria-
ating and comparing the treatment success of different thioamide
polydipsia (1/10). Time between beginning of trilostane treatment and
preparations.
hypoadrenocorticism occurrence ranged from 4 days to 13 months;
In this retrospective study, treatment outcome of 107 hyperthyroid cats
trilostane dose ranged from 1 to 12 mg/kg/day. Five dogs had a suspi-
was evaluated. Cats were either treated with the oral anti-thyroid drug
cion of concurrent infectious disease at the time of hypoadrenocort-
Ten dogs met the inclusion criteria (5 males and 5 females) with an
pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Clinical signs at the time
Methimazole (Felimazole , n=61), Carbimazole retard (Vidalta , n=25),
ism diagnosis. Sodium/potassium ratio was under 24 in 5 dogs and
or Carbimazole licensed for the use in humans (CHM, n=21). Data con-
under 28 in 8 dogs. All 8 dogs having an ACTH stimulation test per-
cerning signalement (age, gender, breed), concurrent disease, number of
formed had
dose adjustments, time period until an euthyroid state was reached,
<55nmol/L. Trilostane dosage was decreased in 2 cases; trilostane
occurrence of adverse effects, survival time, and cause of death were
was withdrawn in 1 case without further relapse of clinical signs of
evaluated in all cats and compared between treatment groups.
hyperadrenocorticism; 1 dog died at the time of diagnosis; glucocorti-
No significant difference was found for all analysed parameters
coids +/- mineralocorticoids supplementation was prescribed in
between the three groups. Adverse effects were frequently observed
6 cases. Three out of these 6 dogs were lost to follow-up, the other
®
®
pre- and
post-stimulation
cortisol concentration
ABSTRACTS
1079
3 had a diagnosis of permanent hypoadrenocorticism. Adrenal gland
Financial
relationship:
ultrasonogaphy in these 3 dogs showed a progressive reduction in
Laboratories Inc.
this
study
was
supported
by
IDEXX
glands size with a heterogeneous echogenicity.
Iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism was also rare in our population, with
ESVE-P-7
10 cases identified over 10 years. Dose and duration of treatment were
variable. One dog died and at least 3 suffer from permanent hypoadrenocorticism. Progressive adrenal changes on ultrasonography were
seen in 3 cases of permanent hypoadrenocorticism. The suspicion of
concomitant infection in half of our cases at hypoadrenocorticism
occurrence is an interesting finding. An impaired ability to synthesize
cortisol in response to infection might trigger clinical signs appearance
in dogs with previously subclinical hypoadrenocorticism.
Prevalence of hypokalemia in feline diabetes
R. García del Real Torralva, D. Alonso Miguel, P. García San José,
S. González Sanz, I. Clares Moral, A. Riesgo González, D. Pérez Alenza
Veterinary Teaching Hospital Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Feline diabetes mellitus is related with several clinic-pathological alterations, especially in cats with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Electrolyte
unbalances are frequent, mainly hypokalemia; however, the role of
Disclosures
hypokalemia in non-DKA diabetic cats at diagnosis is unknown. The
No disclosures to report.
aims of this study were to calculate the prevalence of hypokalemia in
non–DKA cats diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to evaluate
ESVE-P-6
the relation between potassium plasma blood level (PBL) and clinical
parameters at first visit. Adequate dosage of oral potassium supple-
Evaluation of free T4 (fT4) measurement after equilibrium dialysis
(FT4ED) and a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (FT4CEIA) in
hyperthyroid cats before and after treatment with radioiodine (131I )
1
2
1
3
3
L. Stammeleer , L. Feenstra , E. Buresova , E. Stock , E. Vandermeulen ,
L. Duchateau4, I. Van de Maele1, S. Daminet1
1
Small Animal Department, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium, 2Diergeneeskundig Verwijscentrum, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 3Department of
Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke,
Belgium, 4Biometrics Research Group, Ghent University, Merelbeke,
Belgium
The combination of measuring total T4 (TT4) and free T4 (fT4) can be
useful in cats with clinical suspicion of hyperthyroidism but with normal to only mildly increased TT4. Moreover, measurement of fT4 can
play an essential role in monitoring hyperthyroid cats after treatment.
Although measurement of fT4ED is considered the gold standard, it is
time consuming, expensive and not widely available. Measurement of
mentation in hypokalemic cats to return to normal reference range
(NRR) was also evaluated.
Twenty-five cats diagnosed with DM without DKA at the Veterinary
Teaching Hospital Complutense between 2013 and 2016 were
included. Age, sex, reproductive status, weight, body condition score
(BCS), PBL, systolic blood pressure (SBP), concurrent diseases, presence
of neuropathy and previous corticosteroid administration were
recorded. In hypokalemic cats, oral potassium supplementation and
time needed to return PBL to NRR were also recorded. Data were analysed using SPSS program. Statistical significance was set at p≤ 0.05.
Age ranged between 2.6 and 16.1 years (meanSD; 7.83.7 years);
5 were females, 20 males and 24 were neutered. Body weight varied
from 2.4 to 8.3 kg (4.91.4 kg). According BCS animals were classified
in cats ≤ 3/9 (n=4), cats between 4/9 and 6/9 (n=19) and cats ≥ 7/9
fT4CEIA is more time and cost effective but studies assessing its accu-
(n=2). PBL ranged from 2.9 to 5.1mEq/L (3.60.5mEq/L). Fifteen cats
racy are scarce.
were considered hypokalemic (PBL ≤ 3.5mEq/L). SBP ranged from
The objective of this study was to correlate measurement of fT4ED
110 to 200mmHg (145.826.24mmHg). No association between PBL
(Free T4 by Equilibrium Dialysis, Antech Diagnostics, Irvine, CA, USA)
and different parameters evaluated was observed. SBP was signifi-
and fT4CEIA (IMMULITE® 2000 Veterinary Free T4, Siemens Health-
cantly higher (p=0.038) in hypokalemic (151.1 26.5 mmHg) than in
care Diagnostics Products Ltd., Lanberis, Gwynedd, UK) in cats before
normokalemic patients (125.8 14.2 mmHg) as described in human
and one month after treatment with 131I.
medicine.
FT4CEAI was consistently lower than fT4ED (median difference -5.4,
In eight hypokalemic patients follow-up was available. Six were trea-
P<0.001). Spearman correlation between fT4CEAI and fT4ED was
ted with oral supplementation (potassiun gluconate or potassium glu-
81.0% and 87.5% at T0 and T1, respectively. FT4ED and fT4CEIA
coheptonate) and 2 did not received any supplementation treatment
were within the reference interval (9-33pmol/L and 9-33.5pmol/L,
due to owner reject. Time to normalize PBL ranged from 5 to 270 days
respectively) in 27/45 and 16/45, below reference interval in 16/45
(mean 62.886.4days), which was negatively correlated (Rho= -0.829,
and 27/45 and above reference interval both in 2/45 at T1, respec-
p=0.042) with the initial oral potassium supplementation dose. The
tively. No cats with fT4CEIA within the reference interval had
medium dose required to normalize BPL was 0.77mEq/kg/d (potas-
decreased fT4ED (T1). Based on fT4CEIA, 10/45 (22%) were classified
sium gluconate) and 0.37mEq/kg/d (potassium glucoheptonate).
as having suboptimal thyroid function while having fT4ED within ref-
Hypokalemia occurs in 60% of non DKA diabetic cats and it is related
erence interval (T1).
to systemic hypertension. A significant reduction in SBP with
Taking the consistently lower fT4CEIA value but good correlation
increased dietary potassium has been demonstrated in humans. Oral
between two techniques in consideration, adaptation of the current
potassium supplementation at high doses in cats with DM might be a
reference interval for fT4 measurement by CEIA could justify the rou-
useful and safe tool for the management of hypokalemia and systemic
tine use of this assay for determination of fT4.
hypertension.
Disclosures
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
No disclosures to report.
ABSTRACTS
1080
ESVE-P-8
ESVE-P-9
Evolution of trilostane dosage in dogs with pituitary
dependent hyperadrenocorticism during the first year of
treatment
Survival of dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism
P. García San José1, C. Arenas Bermejo2, S. González Sanz1, I. Clares
Moral1, D. Alonso Miguel1, M.D. Pérez Alenza1
1
Veterinary Teaching Hospital Complutense, Madrid, Spain, 2Aúna, Veterinary Specialities, Valencia, Spain
P. García San José1, C. Arenas Bermejo2, R. Garcia del Real Torralva1,
D. Alonso Miguel1, S. González Sanz1, I. Clares Moral1, M.D. Pérez
Alenza1
1
Veterinary Teaching Hospital Complutense, Madrid, Spain, 2Aúna, Veterinary Specialities, Valencia, Spain
Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is a common endocrine disease in dogs
Trilostane is the drug most frequently used in dogs diagnosed with
characterized by a chronic endogenous cortisol excess that results in a
pituitary-dependent-hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), but dosage recom-
progressive deterioration in untreated patients.
mendations are variable amongst the literature.
The objectives of this study were to assess the median survival time
The objectives of this study were to assess the evolution of trilostane
(MST) of dogs with HAC from diagnosis and its potential relationship
dosage (TD) in dogs with PDH over a one-year follow-up and its rela-
with age, sex, type of HAC (adrenal [ADH] or pituitary [PDH]), concur-
tionship with clinical variables.
rent diseases, systolic blood pressure, body condition score (BCS) and
Thirty-five dogs with naturally occurring PDH initially treated with
clinical and laboratory findings at diagnosis.
low doses of trilostane (range 0.27-1.14mg/kg/12h) were included.
Sixty-six newly diagnosed dogs with HAC between January 2013 and
TD was adjusted based on clinical signs and the results of an ACTH
December 2016 at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Complutense
stimulation test (3-4 hours post-trilostane). Rechecks were performed
were included. Diagnosis of HAC was based on clinical and laboratory
at day 7 and 30 and thereafter every 3 months. Several parameters
abnormalities and adrenal functioning tests according to the ACVIM
(age, sex, clinical and laboratory findings, concurrent diseases and clin-
Guidelines. Four dogs had been previously misdiagnosed as hypothy-
ical signs at diagnosis) were evaluated in relation with the evolution of
roid and treatment was discontinued. All dogs were initially treated
TD. Dogs were divided into two groups according to the initial TD:
with trilostane (0.5-1.0mg/kg/12h). Rechecks were performed every
Group-A (0.27-0.6mg/kg/12h; n=18) and Group-B (0.61-1.14mg/
3 months. For survival analysis all causes of death were included.
kg/12h; n=17). Sex, age, clinical and laboratory findings and concur-
Kaplan Meier curves and Cox-regression test were obtained for all the
rent
variables reviewed.
diseases
were
not
significantly
different
between
the
2 groups (p>0.05).
At time of study closure 29/65 dogs were alive (44.6%). One dog was
During follow-up, 40% (14/35) of the dogs needed an increase in TD,
lost for follow-up. The overall MST was 777264days; 44/65 (68%),
20% (7/35) needed a decrease, and 40% (14/35) maintained the initial
dosage. Among the 21 dogs in which TD was modified, 48% (10/21)
needed a single adjustment and 52% (11/21) several. Eighty-percent
(4/5) of diabetic dogs with PDH needed and increase in TD compared
with 33.3% (10/30) of non-diabetic dogs (p=0,049). No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups regarding TD
adjustments.
At one year of follow-up, adequate control of HAC was obtained in
34/35 dogs. Dosage at that time (mean SD; 1.00.87mg/kg/12h)
was correlated with the initial TD (rho=0.502; p=0.002) Percentage of
variation between initial and final dose through follow-up was
obtained
for
each
dog,
ranging
from
-78.00%
to
90.67%
23/65 (35%) and 13/65 (20%) of dogs were alive at one-year, twoyears and three-years respectively. MST of dogs diagnosed with PDH
was higher than those with ADH (meanSD; 1108252days and
8112days respectively; p=0.012). BCS was correlated with survival
(p=0.01); dogs with a BCS <3/9 had a lower MST (12478days) than
dogs with BCS 4-6/9 (1108373) and obese dogs (>6/9)
(976209days). Dogs with calcinosis cutis at diagnosis (MST
441233days) lived shorter than those without (1108310days;
p=0.029).
Age (HR:1.298, CI95% 1.129-1.493; p<0.0001) and post-ACTH cortisol concentration (HR:1.036, CI95% 1.012-1.061; p=0.03) at diagnosis
were negatively correlated with survival.
Using a multivariate model, age at diagnosis (HR:1.322, CI95%
(44.4490.67%) (n=35) and was not significantly different between
1.121-1.561; p=0.001), ADH (HR 2.713, CI95% 1.075-6.843;
groups (Group A: 45.7380.91%; Group B: 43.09102.52%; p=0.98).
p=0.035),
Basal cortisol (rho=0.766; p=0.002) and body condition score at diag-
1.420-20.848; p=0.013) and calcinosis cutis (HR:4.17, CI95%
nosis (rho=0.510; p=0.021) were positively correlated with TD at one
1.616-10.786; p=0.003) were negatively correlated with survival,
year. Dogs with panting at diagnosis needed proportionally a higher
whilst a BCS>6/9 (HR:0.169, CI95% 0.41-0.687; p=0.013) was posi-
increase in TD despite not being statistically significant (p=0.054)
tively correlated with survival.
Using low dosages of trilostane for the treatment of dogs with PDH,
In the present study, survival time of dogs with PDH is slightly
TD needed to be adjusted in 60% of PDH cases. Dogs with DM,
higher than previously reported. Dogs with ADH had reduced sur-
higher basal cortisol at diagnosis and/or elevated body condition score
vival, probably due to the presence of metastases at diagnosis in
are more likely to need an increase in TD.
2/9 dogs. Age and post-ACTH cortisol were negatively correlated
Disclosures
with survival as previously reported. To our knowledge this is the
Disclosures to report.
first time that reduced BCS, presence of calcinosis cutis and iatro-
Royal Canin kindly supports research in hyperadrenocorticism at the
genic hyperthyroidism are reported as poor prognostic factors
Veterinary Teaching Hospital Complutense.
in HAC.
iatrogenic
hyperthyroidism
(HR:5.422,
CI95%
ABSTRACTS
1081
Disclosures
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
No disclosures to report.
Royal Canin kindly supports research in hyperadrenocorticism at the
ESVE-P-11
Veterinary Teaching Hospital Complutense.
ESVE-P-10
Neural network based model for glycemic dynamics predictions in
feline diabetes mellitus
Efficacy and safety of toceranib phospate in dogs diagnosed with
beta cell neoplasia
D. Alonso Miguel, P. García San José, R. García del Real Torralva,
S. González Sanz, I. Clares Moral, D. Pérez Alenza
Veterinary Teaching Hospital Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
M. Burlacu1, L. Ferariu2, A. Burlacu2, R. Gostelow3, S. Niessen3
1
Veterinary Imaging Center of Iasi, Iasi, Romania, 2Faculty of Automatic
Control and Computer Engineering, Iasi, Romania, 3Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of persistent hyperglycemia which can
Canine B cell neoplasms (insulinomas) are the most frequent neuroen-
be induced by a series of underlying causes. It is one of the most com-
docrine tumor in the pancreas. They secrete excessive amounts of
mon endocrine diseases diagnosed in cats, with a variable prevalence
insulin which leads to hypoglycemia and the subsequent clinical signs.
worldwide, ranging from 1 in 200 cats to up to 1 in 80. Extensive
In humans, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sunitinib) has
research in all aspects of feline diabetes mellitus (diagnosis, etiopatho-
proven efficacy in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
physiology, therapy, etc.) has led to large amount of data, thus moti-
Anecdotal reports suggest an antitumor activity of toceranib phos-
vating our research to develop an artificial neural network to be used
phate in dogs with insulinomas.
for predicting the glucose concentration in feline diabetes mellitus.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the
For this study, the data was obtained from 25 diabetic cats under-
tyrosine kinase inhibitor (toceranib phosphate-Palladia ) in dogs with
going routine blood glucose monitoring for insulin treatment. Con-
insulinomas in stages III or IV.
tinuous glucose monitoring was performed with a CGM sensor. For
Eighteen dogs diagnosed with insulinoma at the Veterinary Teaching
each cat the following were recorded: glucose level at a 5 minutes
Hospital Complutense of Madrid were included. Diagnosis was based
sample period, number of units of insulin input (three types of
on clinical signs, serum glucose and insulin levels, abdominal ultraso-
insulin denoted by A, B, C, were used) and food intake (in kcal). A
nography (AU) and computed tomography (CT). Insulinomas were
visual inspection of the data revealed that no patient had an ideal
classified with the TNM staging system of the European Neuroendo-
stable behavior which would imply a 55 to 160 mg/dl constraint
crine Tumor Society (ENETS). Dogs were surgically or medically trea-
evolution of the glucose level over time. The quality of the data
ted depending of the clinical stage and were followed up until death.
was statistically evaluated to identify possible outliers in the
Efficacy of medical treatment was based on RECIST criteria.
patients’ population.
At diagnosis dogs were classified in stage I or II (n=13) and III or IV
Neural based methods in biosciences proved to be a powerful
(n=5). Dogs with stages I/II underwent pancreatectomy (n=12), the
tool in transforming intelligently available information into valuable
remaining refused surgical procedure. In 6 out of these 12 dogs, recur-
knowledge, such as models. This study considered two types of
rence of the tumor was observed during the follow up. A total of
ANNs: Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function
11 dogs with stages III/IV (at diagnosis or during follow-up after sur-
(RBF), known as universal approximators for bounded continuous
gery) were treated with palliative treatment (n=6) (control group-CG)
functions. The training data for both networks was built by adding
or toceranib phosphate (n=5) (toceranib phosphate group-TG). Pallia-
recordings with low intercorrelation and relevant for the entire
tive treatment consisted in diet, exercise restriction, prednisone (n=6)
dataset. The input neural vector was formed considering adjust-
and octreotide (n=1). Dogs in TG received additionally toceranib phos-
able lags in data samples to capture the dynamic behavior of the
phate at a mean dosage of 2.410.14mg/kg/48h (2.22-2.56).
modeled process. Each neural network was designed with single
In dogs with stages I/II surgically treated (n=12), recurrence occurred
hidden layer and a number of neurons inducted by experimental
at a median disease-free survival time (DFS) of 2049days (n=6); in
tuning.
the remaining 6 dogs recurrence was not observed until death. Among
Multiple tests were conducted, the training data varying between
dogs with stages III/IV (n=11), the median overall survival time (OST)
8 and 15 patients. The experimental results revealed a confidence
in TG was significantly higher (28273days) than the median OST of
over 95% for both types of ANN`s, regardless of the type of insulin.
dogs in CG (5918days) (p=0.020). In TG, a stable disease (n=5) and
Accuracy performance obtained on training and validation datasets
partial response (n=1) was observed at 180 days of treatment. Tocera-
proved that the use of the adopted neural network vector is relevant
nib phosphate was maintained until progressive disease (n=1) or
to the dynamics of the glycemic evolution in feline diabetes mellitus.
severe adverse effects (n=4) occurred. Grade 1 and 2 (n=3) gastroin-
Results suggest predictive modeling is feasible for establishing and
testinal signs occurred initially (3-4 weeks), and Grade 4 (n=4) after
adjusting insulin dose, improve treatment effectiveness, increase dia-
months causing treatment withdrawal.
betes remission rate and consequently obtain a better quality of life of
Toceranib phosphate might have a role in the treatment of dogs with
diabetic cats.
insulinoma in stages III/IV, increasing survival of dogs and providing
Disclosures
adequate quality of life.
No disclosures to report.
®
ABSTRACTS
1082
ESVE-P-12
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
Use of tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the
measurement of thyroid hormones in dogs with spontaneous
hypothyroidism
ESVE-P-13
G. Carotenuto, F. Lunetta, S. De Arcangeli, E. Malerba, F. Del Baldo,
S. Corradini, F. Fracassi
University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
Accuracy of a flash glucose monitoring system in dogs with diabetic
ketoacidosis
In human medicine liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS) is actually considered the “gold standard” for measure-
E. Malerba, F. Del Baldo, G. Carotenuto, S. Corradini, C.M. Cattani,
F. Fracassi
University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
ment of many hormones concentration and it is widely used in clinical
A factory-calibrated flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS)
practice; its diagnostic performance has never been investigated in
(FreeStyle Libre, Abbott, UK) was recently evaluated in stable dia-
dogs with hypothyroidism (DWH).
betic dogs. The aims of this retrospective study were to assess the
The aim of this study was to determine whether serum concentrations
performance of the FGMS in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
of fT4, fT3, rT3, 3.3-T2, 3.5-T2, measured with LC-MS/MS, were able
and to determine the effect of body condition score (BCS), perfu-
to differentiate DWH (n=13) from dogs with non-thyroidal illness
sion, severity of ketosis and acidosis on the accuracy of the
(DNTI) (n=12), septic dogs (SD) (n=12) and healthy dogs (HD) (n=12).
device.
Hypothyroidism was diagnosed based on consistent clinical signs, lab-
FGMS was placed in a clipped and clean area on the dorsal part of
oratory findings, total T4 (TT4) and cTSH concentrations below and
the neck of dogs with DKA within 14 hours from the presentation.
above the reference interval (RI), respectively; in dogs with normal
cTSH, a rhTSH stimulation test was performed to confirm the diagnosis. In DNTI, hypothyroidism was excluded upon a negative result of a
rhTSH stimulation test. SD were diagnosed based on alteration of
temperature, cardiac and respiratory frequency, differential leukocyte
count and C-reactive protein concentration above RI. HD were considered healthy upon history and physical examination. Hormones
evaluation were performed with LC-MS/MS on surplus serum stored
at -80 C. TT4 and cTSH were measured using a validated immunoassay (Immulite®).
Non-significant differences considering signalment, age and body
weight were found between groups.
Median TT4 and fT4 serum concentrations were significantly higher
(p<0.001) in HD compared to DNTI, DWH and SD. Median fT3
serum concentration was significantly lower in DWH and DNTI
compared to SD (p<0.001 and p=0.0091, respectively) and HD
(p<0.001 and p=0.0024, respectively). Median rT3 serum concentration was significantly lower in DWH compared to SD (p=0.0141)
and HD (p=0.0128). Median 3.3-T2 serum concentration was signif-
The interstitial glucose measurements were compared with blood
glucose (BG) measurements, obtained by a validated portable glucometer (Optium Xceed, Abbott, UK). Overall accuracy was determined by fulfillment of ISO 15197:2013 criteria, calculating mean
absolute difference (MAD), mean absolute relative difference
(MARD), median absolute relative difference (mARD), mean relative
difference (MRD), percentage of results within 15 mg/dL of the
BG value for glucose <100 mg/dL and within 15% of the BG
value for glucose ≥100 mg/dL. Clinical accuracy was also illustrated
using Parkes error grid and Bland-Altman plot. Sensor performance
during changes in metabolic variables (lactate, β-hydroxybutyrate,
pH
and
bicarbonate)
was
evaluated
using
Spearman’s
rank
correlation.
Four hundred eighty-five paired results from 14 diabetic dogs with
DKA were available for analysis. Good agreement between interstitial glucose measurements and BG was obtained (r=0.86; slope 0.88,
intercept=18.37 mg/dL, r2=0.72). Clinical accuracy of FGMS was
demonstrated, with 63.9% of results in zone A and 99.8% of results
icantly higher in DWH compared to DNTI (p=0.0038) and HD
in zones A and B. Overall MARD was 18.9%, mARD was 16.6%,
(p=0.0447).
regarding
MRD was -4.4%; the percentage of values within 15 mg/dL or
median 3.5-T2 serum concentrations among the dogs of the four
15% was 48%. In the low glucose range, BG<100 mg/dL (n=26),
There
were
non-significant
differences
groups.
MAD was 24.9 mg/dL; in the higher glucose range, BG≥100 mg/dL
Using the ROC curve analysis to differentiate DWH from DNTI+SD
(n=459), MARD was 18.4%. Variations of lactate, β-hydroxybutyrate,
an AUC of 0.86 (p=0.003), 0.76 (p=0.009) and 0.75 (p=0.012) was
pH and bicarbonate did not affect sensor performance. A significant
obtained for fT3, fT4 and TT4, respectively. Values of fT3 <0.61pmol/L
interpatient variability in the accuracy of the device was observed
better discriminated hypothyroidism with 69% sensitivity (95%CI:
(Kruskal-Wallis test, P<0.0001); FGMS tends to overestimate the
39-91%), 83% specificity (95%CI: 63-95%) and accuracy of 0.86 (95%
glucose level in dogs with BCS≤3 and to underestimate in dogs
CI: 0.74-0.98).
with BCS≥7.
Although serum fT3 and fT4 (LC-MS/MS) have shown better perfor-
Despite the ISO 2013 requirements were partially fulfilled, FGMS pro-
mances than the serum TT4 (Immulite ) in identifying DWH, the over-
vides clinically accurate estimates of BG in dogs with DKA. Accuracy
lap between DWH and DNTI+SD was unfortunately relevant also for
of the system was apparently unaffected by metabolic variables mak-
the thyroid hormones measurements with LC-MS/MS. Despite the
ing it suitable, not only for stable diabetic dogs, but also for dogs
introduction of new analytical methods, the use of dynamic tests
with DKA.
(e.g. rhTSH stimulation test) remains the better method to discrimi-
Disclosures
nate DWH from DNTI.
No disclosures to report.
®
ABSTRACTS
1083
initial dose of 0.2-0.3mg/kg daily (up to 0.5 mg/kg twice daily). In both
ESVE-P-14
groups, amlodipine was added at 0,1mg/kg (up to 0,25mg/kg) daily if
Predictors of response to pituitary radiotherapy in dogs with and
without pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism
SBP remained uncontrolled.
SBP was evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. Dogs were evaluated
S. Rapastella, J. Benoit, C.J. Scudder
Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Basildon, United Kingdom
one week after any adjustment of antihypertensive medication. Mean
Pituitary radiotherapy (RT) is a treatment for macroadenoma induced
In TG at 1 month, 4/5 dogs needed telmisartan dose increase up to
neurological complications. A previous study reported concurrent pitui-
1.5-2mg/kg daily, while 1/5 dog achieved good control with initial
tary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) did not affect outcome for
dose. At 3 months, 2/5 dogs needed amlodipine (multitherapy). At
dogs undergoing RT. However, as PDH is associated with multiple
6 months, SBP remained controlled with telmisartan monotherapy
comorbidities, authors hypothesised dogs with PDH would have poorer
(TM) (n=3). In the 2 dogs with multitherapy (with amlodipine at maxi-
survival than those without PDH. This retrospective study recruited
mum dose), telmisartan was replaced by benazepril due to inadequate
dogs who underwent pituitary RT at a single centre between
SBP control. At 12 months, amlodipine was added to telmisartan
01/01/2008 and 01/01/2018. Signalment, time to RT post-diagnosis,
(n=1), and 2/3 dogs remained controlled with TM. At 18 months, 3/3
tumour characteristics, RT protocol and PDH status were recorded.
dogs were normotensive, with telmisartan (n=2) and telmisartan and
Thirty-one dogs were enrolled: 16 males and 15 females. Median age
amlodipine (n=1).
was 9 years (IQR 4.7) and 14 dogs had PDH; twenty-six underwent
In BG, at 1 month, 6/6 dogs needed an increase in frequency to twice
3
initial SBP was similar: 20822mmHg (TG); 20921mmHg (BG).
definitive RT. Median tumour size was 2.60 cm (S.D. 1.47) and median
daily. At 3 months, 5/6 dogs had adequate SBP control, whilst 1/6
radiation dose was 48 Gy (IQR 4). Follow-up intra-cranial imaging was
needed multitherapy with amlodipine. At 6 months, 2/6 dogs main-
available for four dogs; all experienced tumour volume reduction
tained an adequate SBP control with benazepril monotherapy, whilst
(38,45,72 and 78%). Median survival times of patients with and without
in 3/6 dogs dosage of benazepril was increased. In multitherapy dog
PDH were 750 (IQR 915) and 709 (IQR 761) days, respectively
(1/6), amlodipine dosage was also increased. At 12 months, dogs
(Kaplan-Meier log-rank P=0.386). Variables with P<0.2 on univariate
needed an increase in benazepril (n=2) and in amlodipine dosage
Cox regression analysis (gender and age at diagnosis) were included in
(n=1). SBP was controlled in all dogs at 18 months.
multivariate analysis to assess patient characteristics associated with
In conclusion, telmisartan used in monotherapy at a mean dosage
survival. Only gender remained significant (male HR 2.722, 95% CI
of 1.0-1.8mg/kg daily provided good SBP control in 2/5 dogs while
1.089-6.804, P=0.032). Male and female survival times were 360 and
benacepril at 0.39 mg/kg twice daily did in 5/6. Telmisartan might
957 days, respectively (Kaplan-Meier log-rank P=0.074).
be useful as antihypertensive treatment in hypertensive dogs with
RT resulted in pituitary tumour reduction for the four patients with
HAC, but better control was obtained with benacepril at the doses
follow-up intra-cranial imaging. Tumour characteristics, patient age,
proposed. Higher doses of telmisartan must/can be assessed.
time to RT or PDH status did not affect outcome. Gender might influ-
Disclosures
ence survival of dogs undergoing pituitary RT.
No disclosures to report
Disclosures
Boehringer Ingelheim- Merial has financed the drugs for the owners
No disclosures to report.
of the dogs included in the study
ESVE-P-15
Telmisartan versus benazepril on the management of systemic
hypertension in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism
S.G. Gónzalez Sanz, I. Clares Moral, D. Alonso Miguel, R. García del Real
Torralva, P. García San José, D. Pérez Alenza
Veterinary Teaching Hospital Complutense (VTHC), Madrid, Spain
Systemic hypertension is present in approximately 70% of dogs with
hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) and must be managed independently of
HAC management.
The objective of the study was to compare two antihypertensive
treatments in dogs with HAC.
Eleven hypertensive dogs diagnosed with HAC were prospectively
included at the VTHC of Madrid. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was
assessed by Doppler method and hypertension was defined as SBP ≥
ESVIM-P-1
Meta-analysis of the association between Mycoplasma species and
canine lower respiratory tract disease
E. Robin1, A. Jambhekar2, K. Le Boedec1
1
Centre Hospitalier Veterinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France, 2WVRC, Waukesha, WI, United States of America
Mycoplasma species are readily isolated from healthy dog oropharynges and are accepted as commensal organisms in the oral cavity.
However, its pathogenic role is debated in the lower respiratory tract
(LRT), as it could be part of the normal flora or represent oral bacterial
contamination.
A meta-analysis was performed on studies comparing the prevalence
of Mycoplasma species between dogs showing signs of LRT disease
160 mmHg.
and healthy controls. Studies were identified from 7 database. Myco-
Dogs were randomly included into 2 groups: Telmisartan group
plasma presence was assessed by PCR or culture performed on sam-
(TG) included 5 dogs treated with initial dose of 1mg/kg daily (up to
ples from LRT, or seroconversion using paired samples. The quality of
2 mg/kg daily) and Benazepril group (BG) included 6 dogs treated with
the evidence was rated using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The
ABSTRACTS
1084
meta-analysis was stratified by the four most common species of
(CIPF vs. CTRL). Statistical significance was set at a P-value ≤ 0.05.
mycoplasma in dogs (M. cynos, M. spumans, M. canis, and M. edwardii).
Parameters significantly associated with CIPF included genetic rela-
Of the 13,798 reports retrieved initially, 7 met inclusion criteria.
tionship with another dog affected with CIPF (P=0.025), living in an
Mycoplasma cynos was significantly more prevalent among symptom-
old house (P=0.012), absence of a ventilation system (P<0.0001), and
atic dogs than among controls (odds ratio (OR): 2.99; 95% confidence
frequent grooming in dedicated facilities (P=0.001). CIPF dogs were at
intervals (CI): 1.70-5.26; p<0.001). On the other hand, presence of
increased risk of cardiac disease (P=0.001), most likely due to the
M. canis and M. edwardii was not significantly associated with LRT
development of secondary pulmonary hypertension, and at decreased
signs (OR: 1.19; CI: 0.52-2.74; p=0.67 and OR: 1.57; CI: 0.43-5.66;
risk of endocrine disease (P=0.01) compared with CTRL. The prelimi-
p=0.48, respectively). Although a trend was detected for the associa-
nary results of this survey suggest an association between CIPF,
tion between M. spumans presence and LRT signs (OR: 2.69; CI:
genetic background and environmental factors such as old non-
0.92-7.92), this association was not statistically significant (p=0.07).
ventilated houses or grooming habits. Further analysis of the results
These results suggest a pathogenic role of Mycoplasma cynos in canine
of the questionnaire are ongoing.
LRT disease, as opposed to other mycoplasma species. Primers should
Disclosures
be specific for M. cynos when PCR are performed on samples from
No disclosures to report.
LRT of dogs.
Disclosures
ESVIM-P-3
No disclosures to report.
ESVIM-P-2
A questionnaire-based survey of owner-reported environment and
care of West Highland white Terrier with or without idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis
Investigation of serum Kebs von den lungen 6 (kl-6) concentration as
a predisposing factor and in the diagnosis of canine idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis in the West Highland white Terrier
A. Fastrès, E. Roels, G. Bolen, A.C. Tutunaru, N. Antoine, F. Farnir,
C. Clercx
University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
E. Roels1, A. Fastrès1, P. McGeown2, K. Gommeren1, C. Saegerman1,
C. Clercx1
1
University of Liège, Liège, Belgium, 2The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) mimics human idiopathic
Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) is a progressive parenchy-
have been studied in both species. In humans, the mucin Krebs Von
mal lung disease of unknown origin and poorly understood patho-
den Lungen 6 (KL-6) has consistently been found to be increased in
physiology that mainly occurs in old West Highland white terriers
the serum from patients with interstitial lung disease, including IPF
(WHWTs). Not all dogs from the WHWT breed develop CIPF, which
and is possibly involved in the IPF pathophysiological process. In CIPF,
suggests the involvement of triggering factors in the onset and/or
it has not yet been assessed.
progression of the disease. To assess potential triggers, an online
In this study, we assessed the diagnostic value of serum KL-6 concen-
questionnaire–based survey was submitted to WHWTs owners. The
tration in CIPF as well as the association between serum KL-6 concen-
questionnaire was accessible during a 3-month period in 3 different
trations and breed predisposition for the disease.
languages (English, French, and Dutch) and was distributed to
Blood was obtained from 5 groups of dogs: WHWTs affected with
WHWTs owners and breeders through social medial and emails.
CIPF (n=20, 14 females (F)/6 males (M), mean age=11.0y, range
Questions were divided into sections regarding owner, dog (clinical
[5.2-14.5]), healthy aged-matched WHWTs (n=18, 11F/7M, 10.5y
and diagnostic data for CIPF), environment (house and surroundings,
[5.3-15.3]), and healthy dogs from other breeds not predisposed for
compost, ventilation, air conditioning, humidification, asbestosis,
CIPF: Jack Russel terriers (JR) (n=13, 8F/5M, 6.0y [3.0-9.1]), Malinois
smoking, and household maintenance), grooming, and veterinary care
Belgian shepherds (MBS) (n=13, 5F/8M, 6.5y [2.8-10.8]) and King
(vaccination, deworming, and comorbidities). Completed question-
Charles spaniels (KCS) (n=13, 9F/4M, 6.5y [3.6-9.3]). Serum was
naires were received from 458 WHWTs owners from various coun-
stored at -80 C until batched analysis. KL-6 concentration was mea-
tries including principally USA (n=193), Australia (n=62), France
sured with a commercially available ELISA test (Canine Krebs Von den
(n=56), UK (n=39), and Belgium (n=30). Thirty-eight questionnaires
Lungen 6 Elisa kit, amsbio). Results were compared using a covariance
were discarded due to lack of essential data resulting in a total amount
analysis including the 5 groups defined above, gender and an interac-
of 420 exploitable responses, 138 of which concerning a CIPF
tion between groups and gender together with the effect of the age.
affected WHWT. Median age reported at CIPF diagnosis was
The analysis was followed by post-hoc comparisons between groups
11.5 years (range 2– 6.8). Inspiratory crackles were noticed in 82.3%
using t-tests. Results show that only the effect of groups was signifi-
of dogs. Seventy-three out of 138 (52.9%) CIPF WHWTs were dead
cant (p=0.010). Serum KL-6 concentration was higher in healthy
at the time of questionnaire completion. The overall survival time after
WHWTs (4.8+/-4.0 ng/ml) compared with KCS (1.6+/-1.8 ng/ml) and
diagnosis was 1.4 years (0–8.5). Cause of death was CIPF-related in
MBS (2.2+/-1.0 ng/ml) (p=0.001 and 0.013 respectively) and higher in
76.7% of cases. In order to assess potential triggers associated with
JR (4.1+/-2.9 ng/ml) compared with KCS (p=0.016). There was no dif-
CIPF, each CIPF dog was matched to one unaffected WHWT by age.
ference between CIPF (3.2+/-1.9 ng/ml) and healthy WHWTs
Univariate logistic regression analysis was used for group comparison
(p=0.072).
pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and affects old dogs from the West Highland
white terrier (WHWT) breed. Due to difficulties to both diagnose early
and follow the course of pulmonary fibrosis, numerous biomarkers
ABSTRACTS
In conclusion, differences in serum KL-6 concentrations were found
1085
amongst breeds in healthy dogs, with higher concentrations observed
Pennsylvania - Ryan Veterinary Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
of America
in terrier breeds. Whether this may reflect a predisposing factor for
In humans, consistent and repeatable respiratory physical examination
CIPF development merits further investigations. Unlike what has been
is difficult, as reflected by poor to moderate agreement among
found in human IPF, KL-6 is not a good serum biomarker for diagnosis
clinicians.
as there was no difference between CIPF and unaffected WHWTs.
The aims of this prospective observational study were to assess inter-
Disclosures
clinician reliability of the respiratory physical examination in dogs and
No disclosures to report.
cats, and determine the influence of time from study beginning and
difference in clinical experience on inter-observer agreement.
ESVIM-P-4
Dogs and cats with abnormal breathing patterns presenting to Fregis,
University of Missouri, or University of Pennsylvania veterinary hospi-
Trends in serum cobalamin, folate and total iron binding capacity
concentrations in pregnant bitches and their association with
hematological parameters and neonatal survival
tals were recruited over one year. Animals were included if they were
evaluated by three clinicians before therapeutic intervention and/or
diagnostic testing impacting respiratory sign recognition. Inter-
R. Nivy, M. Mazaki-Tovi, I. Aroch, S. Tal
The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Rehovot, Israel
observer agreement was assessed via Fleiss’ kappa coefficient. Influ-
This study evaluated cobalamin, folate and the iron status in pregnant
on agreement was evaluated via three-level mixed-effects logistic
bitches and their association with pregnancy-related anemia (PRA)
regression stratified by species.
and neonatal survival (NS). Complete blood count, serum folate and
Dogs (n=118) and cats (46) were enrolled. In dogs, overall inter-
cobalamin concentrations and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were
observer agreement was moderate regarding breathing pattern recog-
measured in 48 bitches at mid- and late-pregnancy. The effects of the
nition (K=0.46, varying from 0.28 to 0.55 depending on the pattern).
pregnancy stage, breed, age, parity and breeder on these variables
Best agreement was obtained for respiratory noises (goose honking
were determined by generalized estimating equation test. Linear cor-
(K=0.84), stertor (K=0.8), and stridor (K=0.64)). Agreement was fair to
relations between variables were assessed by Pearson’s correlation
test. Serum cobalamin (meanSD) decreased (434143 vs. 335104;
P<0.001), TIBC increased (3.60.6 vs. 4.20.7; P<0.001), while serum
folate decreased insignificantly (13.43.5 vs. 12.53.3; P=0.1) at late
pregnancy. The breed significantly (P<0.001) affected serum cobalamin and folate concentrations and TIBC, while the breeder significantly (P <0.001) affected folate concentration and TIBC. The
neutrophil, platelet and leukocyte counts significantly increased, while
the red blood cell count (RBC) significantly decreased (P<0.001 for all)
at late pregnancy. The decrease in RBC was significantly, albeit
weakly, correlated with the serum folate decrease (r=0.33; P=0.023)
and the serum TIBC increase (r=0.40; P=0.004). None of the measures
was associated with NS. In conclusion, although serum cobalamin had
significantly decreased during pregnancy, this decrease was unassociated with PRA or NS. In pregnant bitches, contrary to pregnant
ence of time from study beginning and clinical experience difference
moderate for abnormal auscultated lung sounds (crackles (K=0.5),
wheezes (K=0.46), and expiratory snap (K=0.28)). Similar trends were
observed in cats, with an overall lower inter-observer agreement than
in dogs. Inter-clinician agreement did not improve with time. A lower
difference in experience was associated with better agreement in stridor and tracheal sensitivity recognition in dogs.
Care should be taken when interpreting physical examination findings
regarding respiratory signs with low inter-observer agreement.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVIM-P-6
Endoscopic bronchial anatomy in the dog
G. Galiazzo, M. Pietra, R. Chiocchetti, A. Grandis, C. Tagliavia
University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia - BO, Italy
women, TIBC increases as pregnancy progresses. Prospective studies
are warranted to investigate whether prophylactic folate administration mitigates PRA, considering the significant correlation between
the decreases of serum folate concentration and RBC with progression of pregnancy as noted herein.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVIM-P-5
Bronchoscopy is an important diagnostic procedure for the evaluation
of many respiratory diseases and the removal of foreign bodies. During bronchoscopy, it is fundamental to know precisely the bronchial
topography, in order to recognize abnormal anatomy or pathological
changes. Few authors treat bronchial anatomy in the dog, and many
of them limit the description to the lobar bronchi, without considering
their branches. Currently, the endoscopic anatomy is based on a paper
of 1986. Therefore, the aim of this study is to obtain a description of
topographic anatomy and morphometric value, introduce a new standardised nomenclature and draw a correct bronchial map of the dog.
Inter-clinician reliability of the respiratory physical examination in
dogs and cats with abnormal breathing patterns
M. Dominguez Ruiz1, C. Reinero2, A. Vientos-Plott2, M. Grobman2,
D. Silverstein3, E. Gomes1, K. Le Boedec1
1
CHV Fregis, Arcueil, France, 2University of Missouri - Veterinary Health
Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America, 3University of
Twelve dogs, different in age, sex and breed, who died spontaneously
for reasons other than pulmonary diseases, were included in the
study, with owners’ consent, and distinguished by weight in 3 groups
(<10, 10-25, >25Kg). All the subjects were examined endoscopically in
a systematic manner with a HD flexible endoscope (6mm). The
ABSTRACTS
1086
endoscopy focused on intracorpore (IC) and extracorpore (EC) exam.
all Ragdolls. However, only seven cats were homozygous for those
The EC was performed after the isolation of the lungs in order to
mutant alleles. The variant c.1322delT, causing an early stop codon at
obtain a better examination of cranial lobes, difficult in IC for their ori-
p.L411*, was found homozygously in another 7 type B cats. The
entation. We considered the visualisation and the ability to pass
remaining 12 type B Ragdolls were compound heterozygotes for
through the lumen of each branch with the endoscope. After that, on
c.268T>A and c.1322delT. No type A cats were homozygous for any
the same lungs, casts of polyurethane foam were made and diameter
one of these variants.
and length of the bronchial branches were measured through a digital
In conclusion, type B in Ragdolls is caused by two CMAH variants:
calliper. Furthermore, to name the structures and to draw the bron-
c.268T>A and c.1322delT in the homozygous or compound heterozy-
chial map, we defined them by looking at their direction and position.
gous state. General and particularly Ragdoll genotype screening
All the casts conformed to the orientation, the branching pattern and
should include both variants.
the topographic relationship of the bronchial system. For each lung
Disclosures
lobe it was possible to define a new descriptive nomenclature for the
Disclosures to report.
first three series of bronchial division. The morphometric examination
Laboklin and PennGen are offering blood typing and blood compatibil-
allowed to obtain a mean value of diameter and length of bronchi for
ity testing. A patent has been submitted on the molecular genetic
each group of weight and to confirm the monopodial branching sys-
markers and panel testing discovered in this investigation and
tem. During bronchoscopy it was possible to locate and/or move in
described in this abstract.
the principal, lobar and segmental bronchi, with significant differences
between the groups.
ESVIM-P-8
After comparison with previous studies, we draw a new bronchial
map and gave a descriptive nomenclature for the first three series of
canine bronchial division. Moreover, we analysed the accessible airways with a 6mm diameter flexible endoscope in the different groups.
Finally, our results provided accurate reference values useful in diagnostic imaging procedures, especially during bronchoscopy.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVIM-P-7
Evaluation of diet's effects and ability of the Hemoccult assay for
the detection of faecal occult blood in healthy dogs
A. Pierini, F. Bartoletti, G. Lubas, E. Gori, V. Marchetti
University of Pisa, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Pisa, Italy
The guaiac-based faecal occult blood (FOB) test is widely used for
colorectal cancer screening in humans. In dogs, it has been reported
to be able to detect FOB after oral administration of 20 mg of haemoglobin/Kg body weight (mghgb/kgbw) of autologous blood, but it is not
routinely used.
The aims of the work were: i) to evaluate the ability of Hemoccult® to
A novel CMAH gene variant leading to blood type b in ragdolls
A. Kehl1, K. Heimberger1, I. Langbein-Detsch1, S. Boehmer1, E. Mueller1,
U. Giger2
1
LABOKLIN GmbH&Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany, 2Section of Medical
Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of
America
detect FOB in healthy dogs and to assess the influence of two diets;
ii) to assess the influence of the time between faecal sampling and test
results; iii) to find the lowest canine haemoglobin concentration to
achieve all positive tests.
Initially, five healthy dogs were enrolled and each dog was fed with a
In domestic cats, the AB blood group system consists of the three
meat-free protein diet (HA Purina®) then switched to gastrointestinal
types A, B and C (also called AB), which vary in frequency among
diet (EN Purina®) with 8 days of wash-out. No extra foods were per-
breeds and geographic regions. Mismatches cause acute hemolytic
mitted, apart from fresh or whey cheeses. The faeces of each dog
transfusion reactions and neonatal isoerythrolysis. The cytidine
were tested with Hemoccult® assay the day before starting HA diet
monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) is con-
and four- and five-day after. Starting from day six and every 4 days,
verting the N-acetylneuraminic acid (type B) to N-glycolylneuraminic
progressive doses of autologous blood (5, 15, 20, 25 and 40 mghgb/
acid (type A), and type C erythrocytes express both antigens. Sixteen
kgbw) were administered orally and faeces were daily tested. Faeces
variants in the CMAH gene were described to be associated with type
were mixed with a wooden spatula before their collections. Thereaf-
B in different breeds, but in some breeds such as Ragdoll, Siberian and
ter, the same schedule described above was applied to each dog fed
Turkish Angora, those variants did not correlate well with the
with EN diet. Then, the faeces of one dog were collected 6, 18 and
phenotype.
42 hours after a single 40 mghgb/kgbw blood-added meal. Seven test
We studied the feline CMAH coding regions of 70 blood typed Rag-
cards from each time-point faecal sample were prepared. Tests were
dolls (34 type A, 26 type B) by Sanger Sequencing and/or TaqMan
assessed every two days until 14-day after collection. Finally, canine
SNP genotyping and compared the sequences to published CMAH
whole blood (18.0 ghgb/dL) was progressively diluted in saline solution
sequences.
and directly applied on a set of three test cards until a negative result
Four novel CMAH variants (c.213A>G, c.593A>C, c.898A>G and
was found.
c.1322delT) were identified beside seven previously reported variants.
For the first aim, a total of 185 Hemoccult® tests were examined.
(c.142G>A, c.268T>A, c.993A>G, c.1269G>A, c.1392T>C, c.1603G>A
Twelve (6,5%) were positive and no association between positive
and Δ-53). The three previously described variants associated with
tests and administered amount of blood was found. None of the
blood type B (c.142G>A, c.268T>A and c.1603G>A) cosegregated in
blood-free stool specimens was positive. Regarding the second set of
ABSTRACTS
1087
samples, only one resulted positive. Finally, 6.5 μghgb/mL was the low-
commonly in this breed. The etiology is largely unestablished; Immu-
est concentration to achieve all positive tests.
noglobulin A (IgA) deficiency has been suggested as underlying factor.
In conclusion, Hemoccult® was not been influenced by both HA and
Purpose of this study was to investigate serum and bronchoalveolar
EN diets, but its reproducibility to detect FOB in stools was unsatis-
lavage fluid (BALF) IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations in IWHs with
factory. Although, Hemoccult® was able to detect up to 6,5 μghgb/mL
recurrent BP as well as in healthy dogs.
when directly added to the card, the individual blood digestion and
A prospective, cross-sectional observational study included 11 IWHs
bowel transit time may be play a role on its poor reproducibility.
(median age 6.3 years, IQR 5.7-7.0 years) with recurrent BP (median
Disclosures
number of previous BPs 5, range 2-6). Healthy dogs were included
No disclosures to report.
as controls: 25 IWHs, 28 dogs of sighthound breeds and 16 dogs of
other breeds (median age 6.6 years, IQR 6.3-8.9; 6.8, 5.3-8.7 and
ESVIM-P-9
6.5, 5.7-10.4 respectively). Six healthy laboratory beagles were
included as controls for BALF immunoglobulin analysis. IgG, IgA and
Eosinophilic lung disease in 86 dogs (2006-2016)
IgM were measured with ELISA method from serum and BALF. Sta-
L.R. Johnson, E.G. Johnson, W. Vernau
University of CA-Davis, Davis, United States of America
tistical analysis was performed with an analysis of covariance models
Eosinophilic lung disease in dogs can be associated with parasitic dis-
(ANCOVA).
Serum immunoglobulin concentrations (IgA in affected IWHs 104.8
ease or can occur due to presumed primary hypersensitivity. The aim
mg/dl [IQR 76.0-238.6 mg/dl] in healthy IWHs 137.7, [92.5-168.5] in
of this study was to report clinical variations in a large population of
healthy sighthounds 87.3 [54.5-125.4] and in healthy dogs of other
affected dogs.
breeds 125.1 [75.9-226.9]; IgG 1000.4 [858.3-1368.0], 1227.0
In this retrospective study (2006 to 2016), 86 dogs were diagnosed
[965.9-1482.5], 1349.5 [1042.8-1570.3] and 1164.0 [930.8-1266.3];
with eosinophilic lung disease based on airway cytology (bronchoal-
IgM 317.4 [251.1-378.3], 296.5 [220.0-404.1], 145.8 [131.9-219.6]
veolar lavage eosinophils>14%) or histopathology. Records were
and 187.9 [164.8-295.3] respectively) did not differ significantly
reviewed for clinical and radiographic findings.
between healthy and affected IWHs. BALF immunoglobulins did not
Mean body weight was 21.6+12.5kg with 5 dogs <5kg, 19 dogs
differ significantly between affected IWHs and healthy beagles. These
5-10kg, 10 dogs 10-20kg, and 50 dogs >20kg. German Shepherds (4),
results indicate that immunoglobulin deficiency is unlikely a predispos-
Labradors (4), and Standard Poodles (4) were most commonly
ing factor to recurrent BP in IWHs.
affected. Clinical complaints included cough (80/87, 92%) and nasal
Disclosures
discharge (25/87 dogs, 29%). Thoracic radiographs were normal in
No disclosures to report
14/86 (16%) dogs with variable pulmonary patterns in the remaining
S.J. Viitanen has received research grants from the Finnish
dogs. The most common bronchoscopic findings were hyperemia
Foundation of Veterinary Research and the Finnish Veterinary
(61/86; 71%), increased airway mucus (57/86; 66%), airway collapse
Foundation.
(24/86; 28%), and bronchiectasis (10/86; 12%). Inspissated intraluminal material was observed in 9/86 (10%) of dogs. One of these dogs
ESVIM-P-11
had airway eosinophils of only 2% but demonstrated histologic evidence of eosinophilic infiltration. Median airway eosinophilia in the
remaining 85 dogs was 39% (range 15-95%). Bronchoalveolar lavage
total nucleated cells/μl ranged from 200 to 33,800/μl (median 1800).
Evaluation of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage findings in
cats with Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in comparision to cats with
feline bronchial disease
In this group of dogs, eosinophilic lung disease was rarely associated
P.E. Crisi1, L.R. Johnson2, M. Di Tommaso1, F. Mosca1, A. Lorusso3, F. De
Santis1, D. Traversa1, A. Di Cesare1, R. Schaper4, A. Boari1
1
University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy, 2Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, United States of America, 3Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise (IZSAM),
Teramo, Italy, 4Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany
with an identifiable underlying cause.
The cat lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus causes lower respiratory
Disclosures
tract disease in cats worldwide. Bronchoscopy is an important tool for
No disclosures to report.
diagnosis of respiratory disease in cats; however, its role in the diag-
Neoplasia and pulmonary parasites were diagnosed in 1 dog each, and
2 dogs had concurrent bacterial infection. Aspergillus spp. were
detected on aerobic culture in 2 dogs but were considered probable
contaminants.
nosis of aelurostrongylosis remains unclear.
ESVIM-P-10
To investigate the usefulness of bronchoscopy in cat aelurostrongylosis, bronchoscopic and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings of
Systemic and local immunoglobulin concentrations in Irish
wolfhounds with recurrent bacterial pneumonia
S.J. Viitanen, N. Koho, M.M. Rajamäki
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
23 cats from Italy with A. abstrusus (Aa) were compared to those of
11 cats from the US with Feline Bronchial Disease (FBD).
Bronchoscopic lesions and bacterial isolation were recorded as present/absent, while inflammation type was classified by differential
An increased incidence of bacterial pneumonia (BP) has been identi-
cytology of BAL. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney or Fisher’s
fied in the Irish wolfhound (IWH) and recurrence of BP occurs
exact tests.
ABSTRACTS
1088
Age of Aa cats (13 males, 10 females) ranged from 12 to 65 months
abdominal ultrasonography were unremarkable and serological tests
(median 34), while age of FBD cats (7 males, 4 females) ranged from
were negative for infectious diseases.
12 to 180 months (median 48). No bronchoscopic differences were
Case 1 was treated with an immunosuppressive dose of prednisolone
detected between Aa and FBD cats for bronchial mucus (83 % vs
and improved rapidly, with complete resolution of clinical signs. This
91%), nodular regions (4% vs 27%) and airways collapse (9% vs 9%),
was maintained throughout a period of dose tapering and there was
however airway hyperemia, epithelial irregularities, and stenosis were
no relapse following cessation of treatment at six months post-diag-
observed less frequently in Aa than FBD cats (30% vs 82%, 17% vs
nosis. Case 2 was initially treated with doxycycline and carprofen,
82%, 13% vs 73%, p<0.01). Bronchiectasis was observed in 30% of Aa
resulting in a temporary improvement followed by relapse on cessa-
and none of the FBD cats (P<0.05). In Aa and FBD cats, neutrophilic,
tion of treatment. There was complete recovery following instigation
eosinophilic, and mixed inflammation (35% vs 27%; 35% vs 45%; 4%
of an immunosuppressive dose of prednisolone in this case, with no
vs 28%, respectively) was reported. Lymphocytic inflammation was
recurrence on dose tapering.
found in 9% of Aa versus 0% with FBD cats and cytology was normal
These cases demonstrate that sterile osteomyelitis is a rare but impor-
in 17% of Aa cats. No significant differences in cytologic inflammation
tant differential diagnosis in dogs with multifocal bone marrow lesions
were detected between groups. Bacteria were isolated from BAL in
30% in Aa and 64% in FBD cats, with cytological evidence of sepsis in
only 1 Aa cat. Larvae of A. abstrusus were detected cytologically in
22% of Aa cats.
This study suggests that bronchoscopic abnormalities in cats with
various forms of lower respiratory tract disease are similar, although
and appears to carry a favorable prognosis.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVIM-P-13
some lesions were more common in FBD. Interestingly, bronchiectasis was relatively common in cats with aelurostrongylosis. Cytological findings overlapped between inflammatory and lungworm
Retrospective comparison of cats with feline asthma and chronic
bronchitis in a clinic population (2003 - 2016)
nosis of aelurostrongylosis, it represents a useful tool to detect
M.S. Grotheer1, J. Hirschberger1, K. Hartmann1, N. Castelletti2, B. Schulz1
1
Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU University of Munich, München,
Germany, 2Department of Statistics, LMU University of Munich, Munich,
Germany
bronchial abnormalities that might affect management or prognosis.
Feline asthma (FA) and feline chronic bronchitis (CB) are common
disease, and the inability of BAL cytology to detect A. abstrusus larvae was confirmed. While bronchoscopy did not enhance the diag-
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
This study was conducted as part of a project financed by Bayer Animal Health, Leverkusen, Germany, of which RS is an employee.
ESVIM-P-12
conditions in cats, often referred to as “feline lower airway disease”.
However, little is known about differences regarding signalment,
clinical signs, and laboratory findings in cats with these two
conditions.
Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate potential differences between these two diseases that could be insightful in establishing a diagnosis of either condition.
Long term survival in two dogs with sterile multifocal osteomyelitis
The study population included 73 cats with feline asthma and 24 cats
S. Palantzi1, V. Volckaert1, A. Threlfall1, S. Guilherme1, R. Powell2,
F. Liebel3, P.M. Smith1
1
Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, Hitchin, United Kingdom,
2
Powell Torrance Diagnostic Services, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom,
3
Langford Vets, Bristol, United Kingdom
with chronic bronchitis. All cases were diagnosed based upon typical
In veterinary patients, multifocal bone marrow lesions are typically
neoplastic, with lymphoma and multiple myeloma the commonest
clinical signs and characteristic bronchoalveolar-lavage-fluid (BALF)
cytology. Results of physical examination findings, laboratory values
and radiographs were compared between both groups.
Patients with FA were presented with a median age of 6 years, cats
with CB with 7.5 years. Thirty-two females and 65 male cats were
causes. In this report, we describe two dogs with multifocal bone mar-
included. Male animals were overall overrepresented with 70% in the
row disease in which histological analysis demonstrated osteomyelitis
FA and 58% in the CB group. The most common clinical signs were
without evidence of infection or neoplasia. Both cases presented for
cough (FA 95%/CB 96%, p=1.000), abnormal respiratory sounds
further investigation of back pain and lethargy. Physical examination
(FA 79%/CB 82%, p=0.766), and dyspnoea (FA 71%/CB 79%,
identified multifocal vertebral pain but there were no neurological
p=0.601). In a laboratory analysis, 40% of cats with FA and 27% of
deficits.
cats with CB had an eosinophilia (p=0.026). Radiographic changes
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans in both dogs revealed
were detected in 94% of cats with FA and 91% of cats with CB
lesions in multiple vertebrae and in the ilium; the diaphysis of the
(p=0.128).
humerus was also affected in case 1. All lesions were hyperintense on
The study showed that a differentiation of FA and CB by means of
T2-weighted and STIR images and hypointense on T1-weighted
clinical signs, laboratory changes, or radiographic abnormalities is
images, with hyperintensity following contrast administration. Bone
inconclusive. A reliable diagnosis would only be rendered possible by
marrow aspirates and biopsies were evaluated cytologically and histo-
cytological examination of BALF.
pathologically, revealing pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis with no fea-
Disclosures
tures of neoplasia and no infectious agents. Thoracic radiographs and
No disclosures to report.
ABSTRACTS
1089
We analyzed the activities of MMP-7 using casein SDS-page zymo-
ESVIM-P-14
graphy in the serum of WHWTs with CIPF (n=28), healthy WHWTs
(n=27) and healthy dogs of other breeds (n=12). CIPF diagnosis was
Evaluation of long-term therapy in cats with feline asthma and
chronic bronchitis
based on high resolution computed tomography or post-mortem lung
M.S. Grotheer, K. Hartmann, J. Hirschberger, B. Schulz
Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU University of Munich, München,
Germany
histopathology (25/28 of CIPF WHWTs and 23/27 healthy WHWTs)
Feline asthma (FA) and chronic bronchitis (CB) are common conditions
higher in CIPF WHWTs (median 0.32, interquartile range [IQR]
in cats. It is still unknown, whether both diseases respond equally well
0.17-0.67, range 0.039-2.16) compared to healthy WHWTs (median
to treatment, but therapy is commonly initiated without a clear dis-
0.16, IQR 0.12-0.29, range 0.029-0.55), p=0.0095. MMP-7 activity
tinction between these conditions.
was detected only in one of the other breed healthy dogs (median
The aim of the study was to compare the response to initial and long-
0, IQR 0, range 0-0.17). These results indicate that MMP-7 is a poten-
term therapy, treatment success, adverse effects, and owner satisfac-
tial biomarker also in WHWTs with CIPF. However, we noted
tion in both groups, highlighting possible differences.
increased activities also in healthy WHWTs which can be connected
Study inclusion criterion was a cytological diagnosis of FA (eosino-
to the breed susceptibility to CIPF.
philic
Disclosures
inflammation)
or
CB
(neutrophilic
inflammation)
in
bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid (BALF) of cats with compatible clinical
signs. Owners of cats meeting the inclusion criteria were thereafter
asked to fill out a standardized questionnaire.
or on typical clinical findings. The health of other breed dogs was verified by clinical examinations. MMP-7 activities were significantly
No disclosures to report.
ESVIM-P-16
Owners of 35 cats with FA and 11 cats with CB completed the questionnaire. Most cats were initially started on treatment with oral corti-
Bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis in dogs (2006-2016)
costeroids (FA 63%/CB 64%). In addition, oral bronchodilators
L.R. Johnson, W. Vernau
University of CA-Davis, Davis, United States of America
(FA 43%/CB 46%) and antibiotics (FA 20%/CB 27%) were given to
some patients. Treatment was later shifted to inhaled corticosteroids
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology and culture are used to charac-
(FA 43%/CB 36%). Patients with CB were more likely to receive oral
terize respiratory diseases in dogs, including inflammatory diseases
corticosteroids (FA 17%/CB 36%), bronchodilators (FA 6%/CB 27%),
such as eosinophilic lung disease and chronic bronchitis. Little is
and antibiotics (FA 6%/CB 18%) than patients with FA in long-term
known about the clinical relevance or underlying disease processes
therapy. Adverse effects (polyuria/polydipsia, fungal infection, diabe-
associated with increased percentages of lymphocytes in BAL fluid.
tes mellitus) occurred in four patients with FA and one patient with
The aim of this retrospective study was to report clinical findings in a
CB. Most owners were satisfied with the long-term control of clinical
large population of dogs.
signs in both groups (FA 74%/CB 82%).
From 2006 to 2016, BAL lymphocytosis (>20% lymphocytes) was
The necessity of medications in both diseases can differ long-term;
documented in 105/569 dogs. Records were reviewed for clinical and
thus, knowledge of the underlying disease can be helpful in the man-
bronchoscopic findings. Respiratory diagnoses included eosinophilic
agement of cats with chronic bronchial diseases.
lung disease, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, aspiration injury, and air-
Disclosures
way collapse.
No disclosures to report.
Lymphocytic inflammation in the absence of airway eosinophilia or neutrophilia was present in 33/105 (31%) dogs, with lymphocyte percent-
ESVIM-P-15
ages ranging from 20-43% (median 24%). No bacteria were observed
cytologically in any of these 33 dogs however pneumonia was con-
Matrix-metalloproteinase-7 activity in serum of West Highland
White Terriers with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
M. Määttä, H.P. Laurila, S. Holopainen, K. Aaltonen, M.M. Rajamäki
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF), affecting mainly West
Highland White Terriers (WHWTs,) is a chronic progressive interstitial
lung disease sharing many similarities with human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). CIPF is characterized by exaggerated accumulation
of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the lung parenchyma. Matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes capable of
degrading ECM. In human IPF, MMP-7 has been found to be a poten-
firmed in 3 dogs based on identification of pathogens in culture. Aspiration injury was suspected in 6/33 dogs. Concurrent eosinophilic airway
inflammation (BAL eosinophils >14%) was documented in 15/105 dogs
(lymphocytes 20-36%) and in 57/105 (54%) dogs, neutrophilic airway
inflammation (>8%) was found (lymphocytes 20-52%), with pneumonia
diagnosed in 13 dogs and chronic bronchitis in 18 dogs. Tracheobronchomalacia was documented significantly more often in dogs with
lymphocytic inflammation alone (18/33) versus those with concurrent
eosinophilic (2/15) or neutrophilic (18/57) inflammation, P = 0.01.
Mixed airway inflammation is common in infectious and inflammatory
airway disease, however lymphocytic inflammation alone can be
found in some dogs. The relationship between airway inflammation
tial diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. The aim of this study was to
and tracheobronchomalacia requires further investigation.
compare MMP-7 activities in serum of CIPF WHWTs, healthy
Disclosures
WHWTs and other breed healthy dogs.
No disclosures to report.
ABSTRACTS
1090
ESVIM-P-17
Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf ), considered the most pathogenic, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (Mhm) and Candidatus Mycoplasma
Assessment of adverse effects of mycophenolate mofetil for
treatment of immune mediated diseases in dogs
turicensis (Mtc), whose pathogenicity appears to be influenced by concurrent diseases and infections. They are pathogens with high preva-
T.W. Fluen1, J. Bazelle2, H.L. Smith3, N.T. Whitley2
1
The Veterinary Specialist Group, Auckland, New Zealand, 2Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, United Kingdom, 3Greytown,
New Zealand
lence worldwide, capable of causing a subclinical infection in feline
The immunomodulatory drug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been
of subclinical infection by Haemotropic Mycoplasmas in healthy
used for treatment of a number of immune mediated diseases in dogs
indoor cats eligible to become blood donors in the Iberian Peninsula.
and works through targeted antiproliferative effects on activated lymphocytes. MMF is gaining popularity for its perceived swift onset of
action, easy accessibility and multiple preparations that include capsules,
liquids, and intravenous formulations. MMF has been reported to cause
gastrointestinal side effects, and there has been appropriate caution in
its use due to the poorly characterised nature of these adverse events.
The objectives of this study were to characterise the adverse events
associated with the use of MMF when used for the treatment of
immune-mediated diseases of dogs.
The study was a retrospective descriptive study which looked at dogs
administered MMF from 2013 to 2016 at Davies Veterinary Specialists, United Kingdom.
Twenty seven dogs were available for analysis which were treated for
blood donors, supposing a potential risk of infection in recipients after
a blood transfusion.
This study aimed to widen the available information on the prevalence
Blood samples of 1053 client-owned indoor healthy cats that were
selected to be potential blood donors at the Animal Blood Bank in
Spain and Portugal were obtained in the areas of Catalonia-Spain
(231) and Portugal (822). Complete blood count, serum biochemistry,
feline inmunodeficiency virus (FIV) and leukemia virus (FeLV), and species specific qualitative polimerase chain reaction for Mycoplasma
were performed in each potential donor. All data was obtained from
the routinary procedures performed at the animal blood bank, no
unnecessary procedures were done to blood donors. All blood samples were collected after signed informed owner consent.
Fifty-one samples (4.84%) were positive for one of the Mycoplasma
species, with a specific prevalence for Mhf, Mhm and Mtc of 2.37%
IMHA (17), IMTP (3), Evans syndrome (3), IBD (2), IMPA (1), and MG
(25/1053), 2.46 %(26/1053) and 0.19% (2/1053) respectively. Coin-
(1). Fifty six percent of dogs that received MMF experienced adverse
fection of different Mycoplasma species (Mhf and Mtc) was detected
events, all of which were gastrointestinal in nature. Of the 27 dogs
in 2 cats.
that received MMF, 44% (12) experienced diarrhoea, 19% (5) experi-
From the 51 Mycoplasma positive samples, 2 were FIV positive, (one
enced melena or haematochezia, 11% (3) experienced vomiting, 7%
coinfected with Mhf and the other with Mhm); and one was FeLV
(2) became anorexic, 4% (1) was nauseous and 4% (1) had non-
positive (coinfected with Mhm). All infected cats presented a normal
specified gastrointestinal signs.
PCV, with a median value of 43.9% (26.8-49.9%) and were free of
There was no significant effect of the starting dose, or the dose fre-
clinical signs or evidence of hemolysis in the blood smear evaluation.
quency of MMF on the incidence of adverse events. A delay between
The previously reported prevalence of any feline mycoplasma in
diagnosis and beginning MMF had no significant effect on the likeli-
healthy animals was 12% in Barcelona (Spain) and 43.43% in Portugal,
hood of experiencing adverse events. Omeprazole was administered to
nine dogs, all of which experienced adverse events that included diarrhoea, vomiting, haematochezia, melena and anorexia. In seven of these
individuals, omeprazole was administered before the adverse events
were documented. No other concurrent medications, including glucocorticoids, were associated with development of adverse events.
The incidence of adverse events experienced by this cohort of dogs
treated with MMF for immune mediated diseases was high and exclu-
with specific prevalences of 3.7% Mhf, 9.9% Mhm and 0.5% Mtc in
Barcelona (Spain), and 12.81, 41.56% and 1.25% respectively in Portugal. The lower prevalences in this study may be due to the fact that
only healthy indoor strict cats were enrolled, while the former studies
admitted both stray and ill cats.
We can conclude that testing potential feline blood donors for feline
mycoplasma is indicated even if no clinical signs are present and PCV
sively gastrointestinal in nature.
value is within the normal range.
Disclosures
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
No disclosures to report.
ESVIM-P-18
ESVIM-P-19
Prevalence of subclinical Haemotropic Mycoplasmosis in healthy
indoor cats eligible to become blood donors in the Iberian Peninsula
Hyperplasia of the suprarytenoid pharyngeal fold in brachycephalic
and nonbrachycephalic toy dogs: clinical presentation, treatment and
outcome in 10 cases
C. Blasi Brugué1, R. Ferreira2, I. Mesa2, R. Graça2, I. Cardoso2, A.J.F. de
Matos3, R.R.G. Ruiz de Gopegui1
1
Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain, 2Animal Blood
Bank, Porto, Portugal, 3Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute for
Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
A. Cocci1, M. Gobbetti2, V. Greci3
1
Clinica Veterinaria Cà Bianca, Milano, Italy, 2Clinica Veterinaria Città di
Monza, Monza, Italy, 3Ospedale Veterinario Gregorio VII, Roma, Italy
Hyperplasia of the suprarytenoid pharyngeal fold (HSPF) is a rare and
Feline hemoplasmas are a group of Haemotropic Mycoplasmas known
unreported respiratory disease affecting brachycephalic and non-
to cause feline infectious anemia. This group is compounded by
brachycephalic toy dogs.
ABSTRACTS
1091
The dorsal pharyngeal fold might cause obstruction of the dorsal portion
The aims of this study were to compare Urinary Protein/Creatinine
of the laryngeal aditus, covering the corniculate processes of arytenoid
(UPC) ratio measurements by the Pocketchem™ UA with measure-
cartilages and limiting or blocking their abduction during inspiration.
ments done at a veterinary reference laboratory (gold standard: auto-
The HSPF might be seen concurrently with laryngeal collapse or elon-
mated spectrophotometer) and to examine agreement between both
gated soft palate.
methods in classifying dogs and cats as being non-proteinuric (NP),
The aim of this work is to describe the clinical, endoscopic, treatment
borderline proteinuric (BP) or proteinuric (P) according to IRIS guide-
and outcome in ten dogs diagnosed with HSPF.
lines for staging chronic kidney disease.
Fourdogs were Pugs, two dogs Pomeranian, one mixed breed and
76 urine samples were collected via cystocentesis or free catch from
three Chihuahua; seven dogs were females and three males, mean age
63 dogs and 13 cats that had been referred for varying disease condi-
was 6,2 years (1-12y). Main clinical signs were inspiratory dyspnea
tions and as part of their diagnostic work-up. Routine urinalysis was
and inspiratory stridor in nine dogs, five dogs exhibited stertorous
done in-clinic while UPC ratio measurements were performed by a
breathing and two dogs nocturnal apnea. Mean duration of clinical
veterinary reference laboratory (Laboratoires Collard, Belgium). Simul-
signs was 13 months (0.5-60 mos).
taneously, for each urine sample (left-overs) a second UPC ratio mea-
All dogs under general anesthesia underwent endoscopic evaluation
surement was done in-clinic using the Pocketchem™ UA.
of the upper and lower airways; main findings were HSPF with reduc-
The UPC ratios measured by the veterinary reference laboratory and
tion of laryngeal abduction and laryngeal collapse in all dogs; three
the Pocketchem™ UA were significantly different, both for dogs
dogs had soft palate hyperplasia and three dogs stenotic nares; two
(median 0.29, IQR 0.03-1.53, range 0-16.48 vs median 0.1, IQR 0-0.5,
dogs had bronchomalacia.
range 0-20; p<0.001) and cats (median 0.16, IQR 0.14-0.2, range
In all dogs the pharyngeal hyperplastic fold was lifted with a cotton
0-1.98 vs median 0.1, IQR 0.05-0.1, range 0-0.3; p<0.01). When each
swab improving laryngeal abduction during inspiration in 8/10 dogs.
dog’s UPC ratio was classified as NP (<0.2), BP (0.2-0.5) or P (>0.5)
Two Pugs underwent surgical correction of the HSPF with significant
agreement between both methods was found in 48/63 cases (76.2%).
improvement of the inspiratory stridor and resolution of the nocturnal
6 BP dogs were classified as being NP by the PocketchemTM UA
apnea. One dog died of unrelated causes four months after surgery.
while 4 and 3 P dogs, respectively, were classified as NP and BP by
The other Pug was euthanized due to economic restraints.
the same instrument. Additionally, 2 NP dogs were classified as BP by
Endoscopic alterations in the remaining seven dogs were considered
the Pocketchem™ UA.
mild and medical option with inhaled corticosteroids resulted in clini-
When each cat’s UPC ratio was classified as NP (<0.2), BP (0.2-0.4) or
cal improvement.
P (>0.4), agreement between both methods was found in 6/13 cases
Mean follow-up was 16 months (4-24 mos).
(46%). All 3 BP cats were classified as NP by the Pocketchem™ UA
HSPF might be an underestimated disease of the upper airways and cli-
while 2/3 P cats and 1 P cat, respectively, were classified as NP and
nician should be aware of this condition when evaluating brachycephalic
BP by the same instrument. Additionally, 1 NP cat was classified as
and non-brachycephalic toy dogs with obstructive signs of the upper air-
BP by the Pocketchem™ UA.
ways. It should also be considered that muscle relaxation induced by
Overall, Pocketchem™ UPC ratio classifications differed from the gold
anaesthesia and mucosal oedema might overestimate the degree of
standard reference laboratory classifications in 28.9% of cases. The
HSPF and subsequently the degree of laryngeal collapse. When abduc-
Pocketchem™ UA was not a reliable test for the measurement of
tion of the pharyngeal fold by mean of a cotton swab results in signifi-
UPC ratios in this cohort of dogs and cats.
cant improvement of laryngeal abduction, surgical correction of the
Disclosures
HSPF should be considered in dogs with severe inspiratory dyspnea. In
No disclosures to report.
less severe cases conservative therapy can improve clinical signs.
A larger case series of dogs with HSPF is warranted to better charac-
ESVNU-P-2
terize this condition and the indications for surgical versus conservative management.
Disclosures
Evaluation of serum transforming growth factor beta 1 in cats with
chronic kidney disease
No disclosures to report.
S. Lauenstein-Bosse, S. Neumann
Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
ESVNU-P-1
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common problem in feline practice.
Early diagnosis can help to influence the outcome and improve the
Comparison of point-of-care (PocketchemTM UA) and reference
laboratory protein/creatinine ratio measurements on canine and
feline urine samples for diagnosis of proteinuria.
prognosis. Currently there are no reliable biomarkers for the early
N. van Israel
ACAPULCO, Stavelot, Belgium
ß1), an initiation molecule of tissue fibrosis may be used as an early
The Pocketchem™ UA (Scil Animal Care Company) is a point-of-care
the diagnostic value of TGF-β1 in feline CKD. Twenty-five healthy
instrument designed for routine analysis of canine and feline urine.
cats and 26 cats with CKD were included in the study. TGF-β1 was
Analysis is based on dipstick reading by dual wavelength reflectance.
measured in serum using a “Quantikine Human TGF-β1 Immunoassay”
diagnosis of CKD. Since fibrosis is the main tissue alteration during
CKD, we assumed that the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFindicator of CKD. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate
ABSTRACTS
1092
(R&D Systems). In healthy cats the median TGF-β1 serum concentra-
Despite the few cases of SB detected, our data indicate that over-
tion was 27.37 ng/ml, while cats suffering from CKD had a median of
weight and obesity do not predispose cats to SB.
17.62 ng/ml, being the difference between both groups significant
Disclosures
(p = 0.0013). CKD affected cats with International Renal Interest Soci-
No disclosures to report.
ety (IRIS) stage 2 had a median TGF-β1 serum concentration of 14.82
ng/ml. Cats with IRIS stage 3 had a median of 15.79 ng/ml and cats
ESVNU-P-4
with IRIS stage 4 had a median of 19.24 ng/ml. There was no significant correlation between the serum TGF-β1 concentration and the
different IRIS-Stages. Furthermore there was no significant correlation
between serum TGF-β1 and the platelet count, even though these
cells have the highest intracellular concentrations of TGF-β1 in blood.
Cats diagnosed with CKD showed lower serum TGF-β1 concentrations than healthy cats. In another study serum TGF-β1 was also
higher in healthy cats compared to cats with CKD. A higher expression of TGF-β1 in the kidneys accompanied by a higher synthesis of
extracellular matrix can be detected histologically in humans. A missing rise of TGF-β1 in serum of cats with CKD could be attributed to
the fact that this cytokine is synthesised directly in the kidneys for
local fibrosis processes. The possible use of serum TGF-β1 as a diagnostic tool for CKD could not be validated in this study.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVNU-P-3
In-house culture and susceptibility reduce antibiotic overprescription in dogs with suspected cystitis - a randomized
controlled trial
T.M. Sørensen, C.R. Bjornvad, P. Damborg, L. Guardabassi, L. Bjerrum,
L.R. Jessen
University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
Antibiotics are over-prescribed in dogs with suspected cystitis and the
decision to prescribe may be affected by reliability of in-house diagnostics and coherence to test results.
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of a commercial
in-house culture and susceptibility test (C/S) on the decision to treat
(DTT) with antibiotics and the choice of antibiotic agent (COT) compared to routine microscopy of stained urine sediment (UA).
The study was designed as a multi-center randomized controlled trial
in primary veterinary practices. Dogs with clinical signs of cystitis
were enrolled and randomized to one of two in-house diagnostic
groups: C/S or UA. Antibiotics were withheld until culture results
were available the day after the consultation in the C/S group. Excess
urine was submitted to a reference laboratory for quantitative bacte-
Overweight and obesity did not predispose to subclinical bacteriuria
in a mixed population of 152 middle aged and elderly cats - a
prospective cross-sectional study
rial culture (QBC). Antibiotic prescription was considered an appropriate DTT in case of significant bacteriuria on reference QBC.
F.S. Moberg, I.N. Kieler, P.V. Ransborg, L.M. Pilegaard, T.M. Sørensen,
R. Langhorn, C.R. Bjornvad, P. Damborg, L.R. Jessen
University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
Appropriate COT was defined as prescribing antibiotics with in vitro
Obesity has been implicated as a risk factor for development of
domized to C/S and UA, respectively. Cystitis was present in 41% of
asymptomatic/subclinical bacteriuria (SB) in humans and dogs. The
dogs according to the QBC. Appropriate DTT occurred in significantly
aim of this study was to investigate whether overweight and/or obe-
more dogs (81%) of the C/S compared to the UA group (52%)
sity predispose cats to SB.
(OR 5.92, 95%CI [1.57;28.9], P=0.014), but C/S did not improve COT
A cross-sectional study was carried out at the University Hospital for
(OR 0.70, 95%CI [0.07;8.05], P=0.73).
Companion Animals, Copenhagen, from October 2015 to March
In conclusion, in-house C/S and withholding of antibiotics until culture
2018. Cats ≥ 6 years presenting for causes unrelated to the lower
results are available can reduce antibiotic over-prescription for dogs
urinary tract were eligible for enrolment. Body Condition Scoring
without cystitis.
(BCS) was performed on a 9-point scale with overweight being
Disclosures
defined as BCS ≥6 and obesity as BCS ≥ 8. Urine was collected by
No disclosures to report.
susceptibility and choosing first-line agents over second-line agents.
Fifteen clinics enrolled 66 dogs, of which 32 and 34 cases were ran-
cystocentesis and subjected to aerobic bacterial culture. The correlation between presence of SB and the variables sex, healthy/ill, age
ESVNU-P-5
and BCS category was analyzed by binominal logistic regression. The
study population consisted of 152 cats (72 females and 80 males)
aged 6-18 years (median 10), of which 58 were healthy, and 94 were
diseased. Fifty-nine cats scored as overweight and, among those,
14 as obese.
Bacterial culture results from urine and ejaculates in healthy intact
male dogs
M. Oscarson, H.S. Lund, N. Ottesen, H. Sørum, A.V. Eggertsdóttir
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
SB was identified in nine cats (5.9%) and Escherichia coli was the most
In a previous study performed at the Norwegian University of Life Sci-
commonly cultured bacterium (n=3). Female sex was a significant risk
ences (NMBU), a large proportion of positive culture results from ejac-
factor for SB (female OR 5.2 [1.0-27], RR 4.2 [1.2-12]; vs. male;
ulates from healthy male dogs was registered, and this prompted
p=0.04). Overweight was not a significant risk factor (overweight/
further examinations.
obese OR 0.38 [0.07-2.0], RR 0.40 [0.06-1.65]; vs. lean; p=0.25), and
The present study was performed at the NMBU between December
neither was obesity compared to lean and overweight cats (p=0.99).
2017 and February 2018. Fifteen healthy intact male dogs aged 1-6
ABSTRACTS
1093
years were included. Three urine samples were collected within eight
over represented (n = 86, 74.13% vs n = 30, 25.86%). Male cats were
hours and in the same order for each dog: 1) voided, 2) voided after
twice as likely to suffer from urolithiasis as females (n = 14, 66.66% vs
cleaning the external genitals with tap water (clean voided), 3) cysto-
n = 7, 33.33%).
centesis. For each urine sample, a complete urinalysis was performed;
Concerning the frequency, the composition of canine uroliths was:
including urine dipstick, microscopy of the sediment, and bacterial cul-
calcium oxalate (56.89%, males = 81.81%, Yorkshire Terrier and Mini-
ture. After cleaning the prepuce, an ejaculate was collected and sub-
ature Schnauzer = 53.03%, aged 3 to 14 yr); struvite (17.75%, females
mitted for cytology and bacterial culture. The fluid obtained when
= 55%, Cocker Spaniel, crossbreed = 25%, aged 2 to 12 yr); urate
cleaning the prepuce was also collected for bacterial culture. A board-
(11.2% , males = 69.23%, Dalmatian = 38.46%, aged 1 to 14 yr); cys-
certified radiologist performed an ultrasound examination of the uro-
tine (7.75%, males = 100%, Basset Hound = 44.4%, aged 2 to 12 yr);
genital tract in 14/15 dogs. In one dog, ultrasound was not performed
calcium phosphate (3.44%); xanthine (2.58%) and silicate (0.86 %).
since the owner declined sedation.
In cats, 66.66% of uroliths were composed of calcium oxalate (males =
Bacterial growth was found in 6/15 voided urine samples, and in 2/15
64.28%, aged 1 to 15 yr); 23.8 % of struvite (males = 60%, aged 6 mo
clean voided ones. All cystocentesis samples were culture negative.
to 8 yr) and 9.5 % of urate. Mixed-breed were almost exclusively
There was bacterial growth in 11/15 ejaculates, and a positive correla-
affected (90.47%)
tion between age and bacterial growth was detected (rs = 0.78, p =
In 26 (22 dogs and 4 cats) out of 35 struvite uroliths culture and sensi-
0.006). Five of these dogs had negative cultures from all their urine
tivity were performed, getting 21 positive results and 5 negative. Of
samples. For 10/11 dogs with positive ejaculate cultures, similar cul-
these 5 negative, 3 were dogs and 2 cats.
ture results were obtained from the lavage-fluid. Seven dogs exam-
The most frequent pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus pseudoin-
ined with ultrasound had changes compatible with benign prostatic
termedius (n = 5, 23.8%) and Staphylococcus intermedius (n = 5, 23.8%),
hyperplasia; six of these had positive ejaculate cultures. The bacteria
followed by Streptococcus canis (n =1, 4.76%), Staphylococcus spp. (n =
grown from the different samples (urine, ejaculates, lavage-fluid) were:
3, 14.28%), Staphylococcus aureus (n =2, 9.52%), Streptococcus spp.
Pasteurella spp., Mycoplasma canis, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius,
(n = 1, 4.76%), Escherichia coli (n = 1, 4.76%), Staphylococcus carnosus
Prevotella sp. Gram-negative anaerobic rods, Streptococcus canis,
Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. and mixed floras consisting of
the ones mentioned.
The study revealed 13/15 negative cultures from clean voided urine
samples. This is of clinical relevance since a negative culture is useful
regardless of the sampling method. Further, the results suggest that
one should be prudent when interpreting ejaculate cultures, since a
large proportion of ejaculates from healthy dogs had bacterial growth.
In addition, there were concordant culture results from the respective
lavage fluids and ejaculates. Whether the bacteria grown from the
ejaculates represent actual bacterial colonization of the prostate, or
contamination from the prepuce and distal urethra, is yet to be determined. Further studies including prostate sampling (e.g. aspirates) are
(n = 1, 4.76%), Pasteurellacanis (n = 1, 4.76%) and Proteus
(n = 1, 4.76%).
Nitrofurantoin was the most effective antibiotic (n = 18 sensitivities,
90%). Staphylococcus spp. isolates were reported as resistant to cefovecin (31.25%), cephalexin (25%) and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic (6.25%).
To summarize, the study showed that canine uroliths were more frequent than feline affecting mostly males of both species. Calcium oxalate uroliths were more represented. A huge amount of urine isolates
were susceptible to Nitrofurantoin.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVNU-P-7
needed.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVNU-P-6
Retrospective study (2004-2017) of 137 uroliths diagnosed at the
Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital
Clinical efficacy of the Marbofloxacin usage in dogs and cats
diagnosed lower urinary tract disorders
B. Dokuzeylül1, B. Çelik2, B. Diren Sigirci2, B. Basaran Kahraman2,
A. Kayar1, S. Ak2, M.E. Or1
1
Department of Internal Med.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul
University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
Marbofloxacin is one of fluoroquinolones developed exclusively for
A. Riesgo, J.C. Giménez, M.L. Fermín Rodríguez, M.I. García-Real,
M.J. Ruíz, M.A. Daza
Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Madrid, Spain
veterinary medicine. The primary aim of the study is to identify and to
In the present retrospective study 137 uroliths were removed and
tice. 118 dogs and 123 cats were referred to Internal Medicine
analyzed at the Minnesota Urolith Center. The data recorded were
Department Polyclinics with lower urinary tract symptoms whom
species, breed, gender, age, material, year of withdrawal, type and
hadn’t received antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory therapy previous
diagnostic images. Where the urolith had a struvite layer, the result of
15 days, were included in the study. The diagnosis was confirmed by
urine culture and sensitivity was recorded. Urine samples were col-
clinical findings, urinalysis and imaging. Rectal temperature, appetite,
lected by cystocentesis considering significant counts > 10 3 CFU/mL.
urinary signs and pain on abdominal palpation were monitored at two
With regard to the species, canine uroliths were more frequent than
visits (day 0 and day 14). The timetable depending on diagnosis: two
feline (n = 116, 84.6% vs n = 21, 15.3%). Among dogs, males were
urinalyses
assess the evidence which relates to the clinical efficacy of marbofloxacin in the treatment of urinary tract infections in small animal prac-
and
two
bacterial
examinations
and
antibacterial
ABSTRACTS
1094
susceptibility testing per case were performed. Bacterial UTI were
time points (Wilks Lambda = .48, F (4, 5) = 24.56, P =.002). Post hoc
confirmed of 36 dogs and 28 cats. Urine samples were collected on
tests revealed plasma FGF23 concentration significantly decreased
the first referral demonstrated the presence of various bacteria with a
between baseline and 12 months (139 [125, 161] pg/mL P< .05).
marked predominance of P. mirabilis and coagulase positive Staphylo-
Plasma FGF23 concentrations deceased relative to baseline in cats with
cocci in canine and feline urine samples, respectively. Antimicrobial
FGF23 > 150pg/ml when fed a senior diet after 12 months. These pre-
susceptibility test results revealed 25 (65.7%) of dog isolates and
liminary data suggest a positive effect of moderate phosphate restric-
24 (85.7%) of cat isolates were susceptible to marbofloxacin. Treat-
tion in these cats. Further studies are required to characterise
ment of UTIs is generally challenging for the small animal practitioner.
disturbances in phosphate homeostasis in non-azotaemic cats and the
Because of long-term antimicrobial usage necessity, especially bacte-
long-term benefit of feeding a moderately phosphate-restricted diet.
rial culture and susceptibility test are very important for treatment
Disclosures
success. Marbofloxacin usage can be rewarding in the treatment of
Disclosures to report.
UTIs in dogs and cats. Thus, revealed the current status of Turkey for
H.J. Sargent is supported by a grant from Royal Canin SAS.
the first time. Key Words: antimicrobials; cat; dog; marbofloxacin; uri-
Y.M. Chang have no conflicts of interest to declare. J. Elliott received
nary tract infection
funding from Consultancies: Elanco Ltd, CEVA Animal Health Ltd,
Disclosures
Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, Bayer Animal Health, Orion Incorp, Idexx
No disclosures to report.
Ltd, Nextvet Ltd, Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition; grant funding
from Elanco Ltd, Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, Royal Canin SAS,
ESVNU-P-8
Zoetis Ltd, CEVA Animal Health, Member of the International Renal
Interest Society which receives a grant from Elanco Ltd. R. Jepson
Moderate dietary phosphate restriction and fibroblast growth factor
23 in healthy older cats
received funding from PetPlan, Feline Foundation for Renal Research,
H.J. Sargent, J. Elliott, Y.M. Chang, R.E. Jepson
Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
ger Ingelheim, Merial, CEVA. Speaking honoraria: Boehringer Ingel-
RVC Internal Grant, PetSavers, and consultancy agreements: Boehrinheim, Hills Pet Nutrition, CEVA.
A previous prospective randomised placebo-controlled trial examined
the effect of dietary phosphate restriction in healthy, non-azotaemic
ESVNU-P-9
cats >9 years (Geddes et al., 2016). Cats were assigned to test or control diet (protein 76 g/Mcal, 86 g/Mcal; phosphate 1.6 g/Mcal, 2.6g/
Mcal). Blood samples were taken at baseline, 6 weeks, 6, 12 and
18 months on diet. No effect of phosphate restriction was observed
on plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a phosphaturic hormone shown to be predictive of development of azotaemia in cats >
Pattern of renal tubular damage and dysfunction in dogs with
intrinsic acute kidney injury due to leptospirosis and other causes
S. Zamagni, R. Troìa, E. Monari, C. Grisetti, L. Magna, M. Gruarin,
E. Kaehler, A. Balboni, M. Giunti, F. Dondi
Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
10 years. Our understanding of normal plasma FGF23 concentration
Leptospiral infection is associated with acute tubulo-interstitial
has developed. In a group of 46 healthy adult cats fed a maintenance
nephritis and severe urine electrolytes wasting (particularly magne-
diet, median concentration was 105 (81.4, 133) pg/mL. As a result, we
sium, phosphate and potassium) in humans. Tubular damage and dys-
reviewed data from the trial to determine whether feeding a senior
function during acute canine leptospirosis are scarcely documented.
diet reduced plasma FGF23 concentration in cats with FGF23 above
This study aimed to evaluate urine chemistry and biomarkers of tubu-
the top 20 percentile of healthy adult cats.
lar damage in dogs with intrinsic acute kidney injury (iAKI) associated
Sixty-nine cats had baseline plasma FGF23 concentrations recorded.
with leptospirosis (Leptospiral-iAKI) and with iAKI caused by different
Cats were divided into test or control diet groups and further cate-
aetiologies (Other-iAKI), in order to potentially define peculiar disease-
gorised into groups baseline FGF23 ≤ 150 pg/mL or >150
related patterns.
pg/mL. Data are presented as median [25th, 75th percentile] with non-
Dogs with history, clinical and clinicopathological signs consistent with
parametric data being log transformed. FGF23 concentration was
iAKI (serum creatinine >1.6 mg/dL and/or urinary output <1ml/kg/h
compared between timepoints using a one-way repeated measures
over 6h, in absence of fluid-responsiveness), as reported by AKI-IRIS
ANOVA.
staging guidelines, were prospectively included and grouped according
Thirty-two cats received control diet, 15 attended all visits. At base-
to their aetiological diagnosis in Leptospiral-iAKI or Other-iAKI. Lepto-
line 9 cats had FGF23 ≤ 150 pg/mL (105 [61,115] pg/mL) and 6 had
spirosis was diagnosed by positive microagglutination test (MAT; titre
FGF23 >150 pg/mL (220 [207, 264 pg/mL). In both groups, mean
≥1:800) upon admission or 4-fold increase in convalescent MAT titre
logFGF23 did not differ significantly between time points.
and/or positive qPCR on blood/urine. Routine laboratory analyses,
Thirty-seven cats received test diet, 18 attended all visits. At baseline
urine chemistry including fractional excretion (FE) of electrolytes
9 cats had FGF23 ≤ 150 pg/mL (96 [86,131] pg/mL) and 9 FGF23 >
(sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, calcium) and urine neu-
150 pg/mL (186 [163,241] pg/mL). In the group with baseline FGF23
trophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), were performed upon
≤ 150 pg/mL, mean logFGF23 concentration did not differ signifi-
admission. Data were reported as median, range (min-max), and refer-
cantly between time points. In the group with baseline FGF23 >150
ence interval (R.I.). Groups were compared using non-parametric sta-
pg/mL, mean logFGF23 concentration differed significantly between
tistics (P<0.05 considered significant).
ABSTRACTS
The study included 64 dogs: 31/64 were Leptospiral-iAKI and 33/64
1095
UBig-ET1 concentration and uBig-ET1/UC ratio did not significantly
Other-iAKI (non-infectious inflammatory disease n=10; toxic n=8; sep-
differ between “at risk” and “CKD” cats.
sis n=6; neoplasia n=3; trauma n=3; diabetic ketoacidosis n=3). Renal
UBig-ET1 was not significantly different between IRIS stages, whereas
function was more severely compromised in Leptospiral-iAKI com-
UBig-ET1/UC ratio was significantly higher (p=0.001) in IRIS 3-4
pared with Other-iAKI dogs (serum creatinine mg/dL: 6.9, 1.1- 8.7 vs
group.
4.3, 1.4-21.4, P=0.04, R.I. 0.65-1.40). Urine proteins and electrolytes
Both uBig-ET1 and uBig-ET1/UC ratio did not differ significantly
loss was detected in both groups; however, no significant differences
between “at risk” cats that remained stable and “at risk” cats that
between Leptospiral-iAKI and Other-iAKI were identified for urine pro-
developed CKD (stage IRIS 1 or 2) during the monitored period.
tein to creatinine ratio (UP/C: 1.7, 0.13-184 vs 2.2, 0.09-72, P=0.58;
Grouping according to SBP (higher or lower 150 mmHg), no significant
R.I. 0-0.5) and FE (%) of electrolytes (potassium: 92.3, 0.6-480 vs 61.5,
5.3-301, P=0.11, R.I. 3.7-20.4; magnesium: 8.9, 2.8-141 vs 10.6,
0.9-81, P=0.9, R.I. 0.5-3.9; phosphate: 31.9, 0.8-125 vs 32.5, 0.8-91,
P=0.6, R.I. 5.7-24.6; sodium: 2.6, 0.08-64.3 vs 2.1, 0.04-69.3, P= 0.7,
R.I. 0.05-0.92; calcium: 3.8, 0.12-70 vs 4.2, 0.14-56 vs, P=0.8,
R.I. 0.05-0.33). Similarly, no significant differences were detected for
uNGAL concentration (uNGAL pg/mL: 146960, 1204-308740 vs
22200, 637-1241800, P=0.18, R.I. 0-1200) and uNGAL to creatinine
ratio (uNGAL/C x103 159, 1.4-545 vs 40, 0.5-2057, P=0.33,
R.I. 0-0.4).
Patterns of tubular damage and dysfunction in dogs with leptospirosis
resemble the ones reported in humans. However, they are not
difference was found for UBig-ET1 and UBig-ET1/UC ratio between
normotensive and hypertensive cats.
UBig-ET1 did not differ significantly between samples sub-staged by
proteinuria, according to IRIS guidelines. Conversely, UBig-ET1/UC
was significantly higher in proteinuric cats when compared to non
proteinuric cats (p=0.026).
These results suggest that SBP and proteinuria are not important determinants of the UBig-ET1 level in cats. This is not surprising, since in people urinary ET-1 is considered to reflect mainly renal production, instead
of circulating levels, because of its autocrine and paracrine actions. No
specific information is available about the physiology of ET-1 in cats and
further studies are needed to explain its low serum concentration.
Disclosures
disease-specific, as neither FE of electrolytes nor uNGAL were able to
Disclosures to report.
feature the infection.
This work was supported by the WINN Feline Foundation (grant
Disclosures
n. WZ14-009).
No disclosures to report.
ESVNU-P-10
Big endothelin-1 in cats with CKD: preliminary evaluation
P. Scarpa, C. Piazza, B. Ruggerone, S. Paltrinieri, M. Giraldi
Univeristy of Milan, Milan, Italy
In human medicine the concentration of serum endothelin-1 (ET-1)
increases in hypertension and CKD. Also urinary ET-1 correlates with
the severity of renal disease and the magnitude of proteinuria. In dogs,
increased concentration of ET-1, evaluated indirectly by the precursor
Big Endothelin-1 (big-ET1), seems to be associated with the severity
of CKD and hypertension.
The aim of this study was to gain information about serum and urinary
levels of big-ET1 in cats with CKD, with and without hypertension
and proteinuria.
Big-ET1 was measured with a solid phase sandwich ELISA developed
ESVNU-P-11
Evaluation of renal function in dogs infected by Dirofilaria immitis in
relation to microfilaremia, parasite burden and pulmonary pressure
S. Medina 1, Y. Falcón-Cordón1, S. Falcón-Cordón1, R. Morchón2,
J.A. Montoya-Alonso1, E. Carretón1
1
University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain, 2University of
Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) is characterized by intimal proliferation of the pulmonary arteries, pulmonary hypertension and
heart failure. Furthermore, D. immitis also causes renal damage, primarily defined by the development of proliferative glomerulonephritis.
However, few studies exist evaluating the prevalence of renal injury
in dogs with heartworm.
The aim was to assess specific serum and urinary renal parameters in
dogs infected by D. immitis and evaluate the impact of the parasite
burden, microfilaremia and pulmonary pressure.
for human big-ET1 (IBL international GmbH, Hamburg, Germany).
Twenty-two heartworm-infected dogs were evaluated. Microfilaremia
Twenty serum samples and 69 urinary samples obtained from 42 cats
was established by the Knott test while the parasite burden and pulmo-
at different IRIS stages (12 sampled once, 24 sampled twice and
nary pressure were determined by echocardiography. Urinary and
3 sampled thrice during a 6-12 months follow up) were assessed. The
serum creatinine, microalbumin as well as serum urea were determined
kit used to measure Big-ET1 was validated in urine (UBig-ET1) but not
by a spectrophotometric system. Urine reactive strips were used to
in serum since almost all the serum samples failed to yield results
determine urinary parameters (Glucose, Bilirrubin, Urobilinogen,
above the detection limit of the method. Results from the different
Ketones, Blood, pH, nitrogen, leucocytes, color, turbidity and density).
groups of cats were statistically compared using Mann-Whitney U
Urinary protein concentration was determined by the Pyrogallol Red-
and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Molybdate method. Microalbumin/urine creatinine ratio (A:C ratio) and
Big-ET1 was virtually absent from most of the serum samples.
urine protein/creatinine ratio (UP/C ratio) were calculated.
UBig-ET1 and UBig-ET1/UC ratio were significantly positively corre-
Microfilaremia was present in 40.9% of the dogs and pulmonary
lated with serum creatinine (p=0.046; p=0.007).
hypertension was present in 52.4% of them. Parasite burden was high
ABSTRACTS
1096
in 13.6% and low in 86.4% of the animals. Pathological concentrations
significantly. Decreases were significant for all urinary biomarkers at
of microalbuminuria (>100 mg/L) were present in 22.7% of the dogs,
T1m, reaching values not different from healthy controls. Significant
while A:C ratio was above reference range (>0.2) in 36.3% of them.
changes in sCr, SDMA, and pNGAL were not seen after treatment.
When the UP/C ratio was evaluated, 27.3% of the dogs were border-
Babesia rossi-infected dogs showed transient kidney injury, which was
line proteinuric (0.2-0.5) and 18.2% presented overt proteinuria
detected by all urinary biomarkers and pNGAL, but remained unde-
(>0.5). Serum urea and creatinine were within normal ranges in all
tected by functional biomarkers.
dogs. Dogs with microfilaremia, high parasite burden and pulmonary
Disclosures
hypertension showed higher incidence of abnormalities in the urine
No disclosures to report.
reactive strips. Also, microalbumin, A:C ratio and UP/C ratio were
higher in these dogs, although the differences were not statistically
ESVNU-P-13
significant for any of the results.
The study shows evidences of kidney damage in dogs with heartworm, and confirms that the measurement of urinary parameters was
more sensible for the early detection of renal alterations and the best
feasible assessment of clinically significant renal alterations, so the use
of this methods should be considered as the first choice to evaluate
the renal status in dogs infected by D. immitis. Although urinary
parameters were higher in dogs with clinical alterations, the results
were not significant; a larger sample should be studied to determine
the influence of microfilaremia, parasite burden or pulmonary
hypertension.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVNU-P-12
Salt and sugar in your larder make your kidneys work harder
R.K. Burchell, S. Preet, K. Weidgraaf, A. Gal
Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Osmotic diuresis is the currently accepted mechanism of polyuria in diabetes mellitus and ostensibly leads to polyuria-mediated functional volume depletion. Consequently, a compensatory increase in glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) is expected. The latter has not been documented,
and we hypothesized that glucosuria would increase GFR and aimed to
measure the GFR in a model of isolated renal glycosuria. We randomized
eight cats in a crossover design to receive 10 mg dapagliflozin (a type-2
sodium glucose transporter inhibitor) or sham-treatment over four, 5-day
treatment periods that were separated by 7-day washout periods. We
assessed GFR and total body water content (TBWC) via iohexol clearance and deuterium-oxide tracer dilution method, respectively. The
study had a power of 90% to detect a difference of 2015 mL in daily
Evaluation of acute kidney injury in dogs with Babesia rossi
infections
P. Defauw1, J.P. Schoeman2, A.L. Leisewitz2, A. Goddard2, L. Duchateau1,
E. Meyer1, S. Daminet1
1
Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium, 2University of Pretoria, Pretoria,
South Africa
Dogs with babesiosis can present with multiple complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Our aim was to characterize AKI in Babesia rossi-infected dogs at presentation and after treatment, using
routine and novel biomarkers of kidney injury and dysfunction.
Thirty-five dogs with Babesia rossi-infections and 10 healthy control
dogs were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Blood and
urine were collected in both groups at presentation (T0), in 10 Babesia-infected dogs after 24 hours (T24h), and in 7 dogs after 1 month
(T1m). Routine renal biomarkers included serum creatinine (sCr) and
urinary protein:creatinine (UPC). Novel kidney injury biomarkers, as
determined by validated immunoassays, included urinary immuno-
urine output. We analyzed the results with a mixed effect model that
included treatment and period of treatment as fixed effects. To control
for the effect of repeated measures on the same cat, a random intercept
for cat and an autoregressive process of order-1 correlation structure
were fitted. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Dapagliflozin induced
profound glucosuria without an increase in daily urine output. The mean
(SE) iohexol clearance was 3.50.3 and 4.20.2 for the nontreated
and sham-treated cats, respectively (P 0.003). The mean (SE) TBWC,
normalized to body weight, was 65.12.4% and 64.11.2%, for the
sham-treated and treated cats, respectively (P 0.43). We conclude that in
this model, the observed increase in GFR is associated with a concomitant preservation of TBWC.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ESVONC-P-1
globulin G (uIgG), C-reactive protein (uCRP), retinol-binding protein
(uRBP), urinary and plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
Expression of prostaglandin ep4 receptor in canine osteosarcoma
(u/pNGAL). Urinary biomarkers were normalized to urinary creatinine.
M.L. Musser, A.K. Viall, R.L. Phillips, J.M. Hostetter, C.M. Johannes
Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, United
States of America
Serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA, IDEXX SDMATM Test)
was measured as a novel functional renal biomarker. Mann-Whitney
tests compared biomarkers between dogs with and without babesio-
Inflammation mediated by the cyclooxygenase enzymes supports the
sis. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared biomarkers between T0,
development of cancer by stimulation of angiogenesis, inhibition of
T24h, and T1m in infected dogs. P-values <0.05 were considered
apoptosis, and promotion of cell proliferation and motility. These
significant.
enzymes convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, of which the
All urinary biomarkers and pNGAL were significantly higher in Babe-
most active product is PGE2. This prostaglandin drives cell prolifera-
sia-infected dogs compared to healthy controls, while sCr and SDMA
tion, apoptosis, and angiogenesis through interaction with its specific
were not different. At T24h, UPC, uRBP, and uNGAL decreased
receptors (EP1 receptor - EP4 receptor [EP1R-EP4R]). In particular,
ABSTRACTS
1097
the expression of EP4R is associated with the development of malig-
increases opioid receptors, and methadone enhanced cellular doxoru-
nancy and poor prognosis in multiple human cancers. Expression of
bicin uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential syn-
EP2R has been confirmed in canine osteosarcoma. Characterization of
ergism between the opioid receptor agonist methadone and
the canine EP4R has been completed, however expression of EP4R in
doxorubicin on a canine cancer cell line.
canine osteosarcoma has not been evaluated.
Canine transitional cell carcinoma (cTCC) cells were incubated with
The aim of this study was to characterize the mRNA expression of
various concentrations of methadone and doxorubicin each, in order
EP4R in canine osteosarcoma.
to test clinically achievable dose levels. Inhibition of cell proliferation
RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope , ACDBio) was used to evaluate
was measured over 72 hours with CCK-8 cell proliferation assay for
11 canine osteosarcoma samples for mRNA expression of canine
each drug alone and different combinations. Opioid receptor density
EP4R. RNAscope technology is a modification of in situ hybridization
was assessed in flow cytometry in drug native and doxorubicin pre-
for detection of RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sec-
treated cells.
tions. To quantify RNAscope signals in tissue sections, an advanced
Naloxon-fluorescein-stained flow-cytometric analysis revealed the
digital pathology image analysis system (HALO, Indica Labs) was uti-
presence of opioid receptors in the cTCC cell line. The receptor den-
lized. This software allows for determination of target RNA copy num-
sity increased mildly upon 24 hours pretreatment with doxorubicin.
ber at the cellular level. Data was expressed as copy number for EP4R
As intended, methadon given at a dose of 3μg/ml did not inhibit pro-
with that signal compared to the housekeeping target (B-actin, posi-
liferation. Doxorubicin at 0.5μg/ml inhibited proliferation at all time-
tive control gene). No ethical approval was obtained as this study did
points. When cells were pretreated with doxorubicin, and methadone
not involve a prospective evaluation and utilized tissue samples left-
added after 24 hours, no potentiation took place. Conversely, when
over following patient clinical treatment (amputation) or diagnostic
methadone was given 24 hours before doxorubicin, a tendency of
®
(biopsy) procedures for osteosarcoma.
potentiation of doxorubicin’s inhibitory effect on proliferation was
In 11/11 canine osteosarcoma samples evaluated, universal positive
found.
expression of EP4R was identified (copy number 0.1 to 2.6 on average
Opioid-receptors are present in cTCC cells and may be increased by
per cell).
pretreatment with doxorubicin. There is a tendency that methadone
These results confirm the mRNA expression of canine EP4R by canine
potentiates the response to doxorubicin in cTCC.
osteosarcoma cells. Subsequent studies will evaluate EP4R protein
It will be intriguing to investigate further cell lines from diseases clini-
expression (via immunohistochemistry) and in vitro effect of an EP4R
cally treated with doxorubicin with combinations of methadone.
antagonist, grapiprant, on canine osteosarcoma cell lines.
Disclosures
This data is clinically relevant as therapeutic blockade of EP4R with an
No disclosures to report.
antagonist (Galliprant [grapiprant tablets], approved for use in dogs
®
in the U.S.) may be a novel treatment option for dogs with
ESVONC-P-3
osteosarcoma.
Disclosures
Disclosures to report.
M. Musser Aratana Therapeutics, Inc. (co-distributor for EP4R antagonist, Galliprant, in the U.S.) - Receives research support (unrelated to
Galliprant). Elanco (primary distributor for EP4R antagonist, Galliprant,
in the U.S.) - Receives research support (related to Galliprant but for
different type of cancer, transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary
bladder). C. Johannes Aratana Therapeutics, Inc. (co-distributor for
EP4R antagonist, Galliprant, in the U.S.) - Former employee, speaking
engagements, advisory board, consultant, receives honorarium, travel
and research support (all unrelated to Galliprant). Elanco (primary distributor for EP4R antagonist, Galliprant, in the U.S.) - Receives
research support (related to Galliprant but for different type of cancer,
transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder).
ESVONC-P-2
Clinical manifestations and response to the therapy of extragenital
intranasal form canine transmissible venereal sarcoma(CTVT):
retrospective study 11 dogs in Ukraine
N. Ignatenko1, S. Soto2, I. Abramenko3
1
MTK LMU, Muenchen, Germany, 2Pathanimalia, KIEV, Ukraine,
3
Recearch center for Radiation medicine, clinical immunology department, Kiev, Ukraine
CTVT is a frequent tumor in dogs in Ukraine without age, sex and
breed predisposition. CTVT is most often transmitted by sexual contact and affects the genitals. Extragenital CTVT can be located on the
skin, in the nasal and oral cavity, metastasize lungs and regional lymph
nodes. The largest previously published study of nasal CTVT included
an analysis of 6 cases. The aim of the study was to analyze and
describe the clinical manifestations and response to therapy in
patients with the nasal form of CTVT. 11 dogs with a naturally occurring CTVT were included in a retrospective study. Patients entered
treatment from different regions of Ukraine and received therapy at
the Zoovetservis clinic in Kiew in 2013-2017. All patients entered
Methadone potentiates the effect of doxorubicin on a canine
transitional carcinoma cell line
with visualized neoplasms, the diagnosis was made on the basis of
C. Cueni, K. Nytko-Karouzakis, P. Thumser-Henner, C. Rohrer Bley
Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
and 3 females were included in the study. All of them were not neu-
In various human cancer cell lines, opioid receptor activation enhances
CTVT lesions, 3 patients had owner, 8 stray dogs had guardians, 2 dogs
the efficacy of antineoplastic drugs. Concurrently, doxorubicin
were breed (bichon, spaniel), 9 dogs were mixbreed. The clinical
cytological (in 4 cases additionally histology) investigations. 8 males
tered at the time of CTVT detection. None of the patients had genital
ABSTRACTS
1098
symptoms of nasal TVT included: sneezing, epistaxis, unilateral or
PR 3 (25%) and 2 surgically removed before ECT. Of these, 1 CR
bilateral purulent hemorrhagic discharge from the nose (in all
recurred and was treated for a second time leading to disease-free state
11 patients), hard skull infiltration and the formation of oronosal fistu-
at censorship, 3 PR recurred. Results for spindle cell tumours were dis-
las were observed in 9 of 11 patients. In 5 patients, skin fistulas were
appointing: one small fibrosarcoma showing CR after sole therapy and
observed on the back of the nose, all of them spontaneously disap-
overall response (CR and disease control) 5/12 (41.6%). Ameloblasto-
peared after treatment with CTVT. None of the patients had a CTVT
mas and epulides showed 100% CR after sole therapy (n=5). Melano-
planum nasals lesion. All dogs received monochemotherapy with vin-
mas gave relatively poor results (25% CR to sole therapy – n=4). ECT
cristine weekly at a dosage of 0.7 mg / m2. The course consisted of
showed good results in mast cell tumours and fair results in oral squa-
4-9 cycles. In patients with oronasal fistulas sneezing and discharge
mous cell carcinomas not involving the rostral portion of the mouth.
were maintained until the resolution of fistulas with negative cytologi-
Cosmetic and functional results were excellent with some scarring
cal control. None of the patients had hematologic toxicity requiring
apparent in cases where skin was treated. Healing of oral lesions, even
the transfer of chemotherapy. 11 dogs responded to therapy with
where bone was exposed, was rapid and complete.
complete clinical remission. In 10 dogs a year later there was no
Disclosures
relapse. There is no information about one dog (3 months after the
Disclosures to report.
treatment there was no relapse).
Both authors work in practice where the techniques described are
Intranasal CTVT can deeply affect the nasal cavity and hard palate,
carried out for gain.
with skin fistel nut without planum nasalis involvement and it is well
amenable to therapy, regardless of the severity of the disease.
ESVONC-P-5
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
N.Ignatenko has presented lectures sponsored by Bayer Ukraine, but
Bayer has no involvement in this study.
ESVONC-P-4
Feasibility, safety and diagnostic yield of ultrasound-guided fine
needle aspiration of cardiac masses in dogs
M. Cervone1, B. Rannou1, C. Laprie2, J. Duboy2, J.L. Cadoré1, E. Krafft1
1
Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy
l'Etoile, France, 2Laboratoire Vet-Histo, Marseille, France
Hemangiosarcoma and chemodectoma represent the most frequent
The role of electrochemotherapy in management of tumours of the
head in dogs
types of cardiac masses. Other tumors or non-neoplastic cardiac
V. Granziera, R. Lowe
Ashleigh Vet Clinic, Knaresborough, United Kingdom
definitive diagnosis has important prognostic and therapeutic implica-
This is a retrospective study of the efficacy of electrochemotherapy
the detection of cardiac masses in dogs with pericardial effusion.
(ECT) in 60 dogs with tumours of the head including the oral cavity.
However, reported agreement between ultrasound mass location and
Patients were privately owned pets. Tumours treated were mast cell
definitive histological diagnosis is only of 65% (50% for hemangiosar-
tumours (19, 18 of which Paitnik grade 2, one grade 1) squamous cell
coma and 80% for chemodectoma). Cytological examination of peri-
carcinomas (15), spindle cell tumours (11), malignant melanomas (5),
cardial fluid is also of limited interest. Cardiac masses cytology is a
ameloblastomas (2), histiocytomas (2), basal cell tumour (1), carcinoma
potential diagnostic tool, but information about its safety is sparse
(1), epulis (3), plasmacytoma (1). Cases were treated using Bleomycin
and its diagnostic accuracy has not yet been evaluated.
(15000 iu/sq m) intravenously with electroporation using either a Cyto-
The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility and safety of
pulse PA 2000 or Cytopulse Oncovet signal generator, 8 pulses of
ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of cardiac masses, and
1000 V/cm at either 1 Hz or 5MHz applied starting 8 minutes after
to determine the correlation between cytological and histopathologi-
drug administration. Treatments were applied under general anaesthe-
cal diagnosis.
sia. ECT was applied either as sole therapy (n=42), to tumour margins
Dogs diagnosed with a cardiac mass between February 2016 and
during surgery (intra-operative, n=8) or to surgical scars roughly 2 weeks
October 2017 were included. Inclusion criteria were an anatomic loca-
after surgery (adjuvant, n=9) whilst one case was initially treated by sole
tion allowing sampling, and achievement of owner consent. Ultrasound-
therapy with repeat during surgery. Two patients received second
guided FNA were performed under sedation. During procedure, all dogs
treatments whilst 58 received only a single treatment. All treatments
were monitored with simultaneous electrocardiogram and blood pres-
were applied using Gehl array electrodes, two rows of needles 6 mm
sure measurement. Dogs were kept hospitalized during 8 hours following
apart. Intra-operative treatment was applied after cytoreduction with
FNA. Slides cellularity and quality were assessed, and diagnostic yield
no attempt to excise margins: in some cases some macroscopic tumour
was evaluated as the percentage of cases in which a cytological diagnosis
was present in the treated volume. Mast cell tumour cases receiving
could be achieved. Accordance with histopathology was determined
sole therapy ECT showed 10/12 (83.3%) enduring CR and those receiv-
when possible. Cytological and histopathological slides were reviewed
ing intra-operative or adjuvant ECT showed 6/7 (85.7%) disease-free at
blindly, respectively by one clinical pathologist, and two pathologists.
censoring. Response to ECT of squamous cell carcinoma showed
Thirteen dogs were included, with a mean weight of 22 kg (range 7 –
dependency on site. Those in the premaxilla or external nares (n=3)
45 kg): ten had masses at the right atrio-ventricular wall and three at
showing no responses. In other (all oral) lesions (n=12), 7 CR (58.3%),
heart-base. Ultrasound-guided sampling was possible in all cases. Time
masses mimicking neoplasia, have also been reported. Establishing a
tions. Cardiac ultrasonography has good specificity and sensitivity for
ABSTRACTS
1099
sampling ranged from 10 to 25 minutes. No complications were
to the parasite or past Leishmania infection, regardless of the clinical
observed. Cellularity of FNA smears was good to excellent, permitting
status of dogs.
to reach a diagnosis in 100% of cases. Ten masses were diagnosed as
Disclosures
sarcoma (suspected hemangiosarcoma) and three as endocrine tumors
Disclosures to report.
(suspected chemodectoma). Post-mortem histopathological diagnosis
The authours Breu D and Guthardt J are empleyed at Laboklin
was available in 7 dogs (4 hemangiosarcoma and 3 chemodectoma)
GmbH & Co KG, Germany. Müller E is owner/mangare of the Laboklin
and confirmed the cytological diagnosis in all cases.
GmcH & Co KG.
In our study, ultrasound-guided FNA of cardiac masses was feasible
and safe; its diagnostic usefulness was good with achievement of
ISCAID-P-2
high-quality samples and perfect accordance with histopathology.
Cytological evaluation could be considered in their diagnostic
approach.
Clinical and laboratory findings of sixty naturally Babesia gibsoni
infected dogs
No disclosures to report.
B. Su, P. Liu
Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
ISCAID-P-1
Babesia gibsoni is increasingly recognized as an important canine tick-
Disclosures
borne disease worldwide, however, only a few clinical studies of natuDiagnostics of canine Leishmania infection by ELISA and/or PCR-a
comparative study
rally acquired infection are available. Besides, most of the published
D. Breu, J. Guthardt, E. Müller
Laboklin Gmbh & Co KG, Bad kissingen, Germany
assorted from B. gibsoni since 2006 by phylogenetic analyses of the
Leishmaniosis is one of prevalent parasitic canine diseases widely
tant vectors, although the parasite can also be transmitted during dog
spread in temperate zones. Canine leishmaniosis may manifest as sub-
fighting, in particular by Pit Bull terriers as reported in the USA and
clinical illness, a self-limiting disease or severe and chronic disease
also in Romania.
with multiple organ involvement. Infected dogs are considered the
In this retrospective study, we enrolled 60 dogs diagnosed with
main reservoirs for human visceral Leishmaniasis.
B. gibsoni infection confirmed by PCR at the National Taiwan Univer-
Our study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the two
sity Veterinary Teaching Hospital between January 2014 and
current diagnostic methods of canine Leishmania infection, namely
December 2015. The average age of 60 dogs was 6.36 3.78 (95%
anti-Leishmania antibody (Ab) assay by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immu-
CI, 5.39-7.34) years old. The 60 dogs included 35 males (58.3%) and
nosorbent Assay) and Leishmania-DNA assay by PCR (Polymerase
25 females (41.7%). Seventeen different breeds were included and
Chain Reaction). Blood samples and, when available, other materials
the most observed species was mongrel (25.8%), followed by Maltese
(tissue, swabs) were obtained from the dogs with suspected Leish-
(16.1%), Miniature poodles (12.9%), Miniature schnauzer (8.1%), and
mania infections or history of importation/travels in Germany.
Beagle (8.1%). None of the dogs were associated with dog fighting.
In 2016 and 2017, we analysed a total of 15449 and 17789 blood
The most common clinical signs observed in dogs were inappetence,
samples, respectively, for Leishmania Ab assays and a total of 712 and
apathy, pale mucous membranes, discoloration of urine, splenomegaly
786 samples, respectively, for Leishmania DNA assays. In 2016, overall
and hyperthermia. The predominant hematological abnormality was
19.6% and 19.8% of the samples were Ab-positive and DNA-positive.
anemia (49 out of 60 dogs) (81.7%). The severity of anemia ranged
In 2017, overall 21.9% and 18.6% of the samples were Ab-positive
from 18.3 % (11 of 60 dogs), 11.7 % (7/60), 30 % (18/60), 21.7 %
and DNA-positive, respectively. Specifically concerning the samples
(13/60) and 18.3 % (11/60) corresponding to the category of non-
reports were mixed with a distinct species, i.e. B. conradae, which was
18S rRNA and the ITS-2 genes. Ticks are considered the most impor-
subjected to both PCR and Ab assays (129/712 in 2016; 145/786 in
anemia (HCT >37), mild (30 ≤ HCT <37), moderate (20 ≤ HCT <30),
2017), we observed the following Ab profiles. In 2016 and 2017, sero-
severe (13 ≤ HCT <20), and very severe (HCT <13), respectively. Sev-
positivities (by Leishmania unit or LE >1.1) were 97.0% and 93.5%,
enty percent of the dogs (42/60) carried an HCT of less then
respectively, in PCR+ cohorts, versus 31.6% and 32.5%, respectively,
30, whereas 40% (24/60) of the dogs had a life-threatening HCT
in PCR- cohorts. Notably, the PCR+/Ab+ cohorts showed Ab titres
below 20. Regenerative anemia was observed in 66.7% (38/57),
(mean) ~2 times higher than those of the PCR–/Ab+ cohorts (3.1 LE
whereas non-regenerative anemia occurred in 32.2% (11/57) of the
versus 1.7 LE). In summary, (1) PCR-positive samples were almost
cases, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was a further common hema-
100% Ab-positive, (2) PCR-negative samples were ~32% Ab-positive,
tological abnormality (37/60) (61.7%). The main biochemical abnor-
and (3) in Ab-positive cases, PCR-positive samples had approximately
malities were hyperglobulinemia (28/53) (52.8%), hyperbilirubinemia
twice higher Ab titres than PCR-negative samples.
(10/28)(35.7%) and elevated hepatic enzyme activities (7/48) (14.6%).
Our data suggested that PCR-positivity may be considered as the
In conclusion, the results of this study provide the detail clinical pro-
diagnostics generally confirming active Leishmaniosis which repre-
files of B. gibsoni infection in sick dogs. Infections through a tick bite
sented, in our study, an overall 20% of the tested samples. Other
play the important role in Taiwan.
~32% of the PCR-negative/sero-positive samples might be the cases
Disclosures
where persistent/residual antibodies were present due to exposition
No disclosures to report.
ABSTRACTS
1100
Diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is usually achieved using urea
ISCAID-P-3
and creatinine. However, it is well recognized that the disease is usually
Blood Cultures and the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria in
companion animals
present before these biomarkers are elevated and other biomarkers
such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL) have been
C. Pomba , C. Aboim , A.C. Rodrigues , A. Gomes , L. Fernandes
Genevet, Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular Veterinário, Lisbon, Portugal, 2Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina
Veterinária, Lisbon, Portugal
designed for earlier diagnosis. NGAL has been linked to tubular damage.
The detection of bacteraemia through blood culture is essential for
affected and evaluation of kidney function by the assessment of creati-
the definitive diagnosis and correction of the empirical therapy of sep-
nine, urea and the degree of proteinuria together with the presence and
sis. Sepsis is often associated with infections in the oral cavity, uro-
severity of clinical signs are the key aspects for disease classification
genital
(LeishVet classfication) and therapeutic guidelines.
1
2
1
1
1
1
tract,
skin,
soft
tissues,
abdomen,
respiratory
tract,
NGAL has been observed to be altered in dogs with acute renal failure
and idiopathic CKD. Canine leishmaniasis (CL) is a highly prevalent disease in many mediterranean countries. The kidney is one of the organs
gastrointestinal tract and bone. The aim of this study was the early
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dogs with CL with
detection of bacteraemia namely multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR)
absence of azotaemia may suffer early renal damage (especifically
in the dog and cat associated with sepsis.
tubular) and whether plasma or urine NGAL may be a potential useful
Between 2015 and 2017, 41 samples from dogs (n=35) and cats (n=6) were
submitted for blood culture from several veterinary hospitals and clinics to
the Genevet Laboratory. The samples were collected according to the
proper asepsis rules (trichotomy and disinfection of the venipuncture site
and bottle extremity), and blood was inoculated in a paediatric aerobic
blood culture bottle. Bacteria were isolated after 24h of growth in the haemoculture bottles and then grew on selective media for methicillinresistant Staphyloccoccus spp. (MRS) and extended-spectrum betalactamases producer (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method and/or minimum
inhibitory concentration. CLSI clinical breakpoints were applied.
From 41 blood cultures, 56% (23/41) were positive. In 3 blood cultures
2 bacteria strains were isolated. Diverse bacterial agents were found,
mainly Staphyloccoccus spp. (8/27, 30%), Serratia marcescens (5/27, 19%),
Klebsiella spp. (5/27, 19%), among others. The most frequent antimicrobial
resistance was towards amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (18/27, 67%), tetracycline (14/26, 54%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (12/26, 46%) and
fluoroquinolones (11/26, 42%). There was a high number of multidrugresistant isolates, i.e., resistant to more than 3 different antimicrobial classes (15/27 isolates, 56%) in the processed blood cultures. It should also
be noted the isolation of 2 MRS (one methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
biomarker in the characterization of dogs with CL.
Ethical approval and owners consent to use blood and urine samples
from all dogs was granted. Three groups of dogs were established:
Group 1 (G1) included 5 healthy dogs from staff members; Group
2 (G2) included 10 dogs with CL and CKD (Stage 3 and 4 LeishVet) and
Group 3 (G3) included 10 dogs with positive quantitative serology, mild
or absent clinical signs, mild or absent proteinuria (UPC <1) and absence
of azotemia (Stage 1 and 2 LeishVet). Hematology, biochemistry and
plasma NGAL were measured in blood. A full urine analysis including
urinary protein/creatinine ratio, and measurement of urine NGAL was
also carried out. NGAL was measured using the canine NGAL Elisa-kit
(Abcam, USA) and results are expressed as NGAL/creatinine ratio.
Plasma NGAL was not significantly different between groups G1 (12.7
8.0 ng/mL) and G2 (14.3 26.2 ng/mL; p>0.05) but was different
between group G3 and the others G3 (59,0048,76 (p<0,01). Urine
NGAL in G2 was elevated (6.742.561,4 4.671.515,4 ng/g; p<0.001)
when compared with G1 (1497,4 831,5 ng/g; p<0.001). In G3, urinary NGAL was also increased (142.245,8 314.458,3 ng/g) compared to the other two groups (p<0.001).
In conclusion, urine but not plasma NGAL may be use as a marker of
aureus and one methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, 2/27
early renal damage in CL. The study also provides further evidence that
isolates 7,4%) and 5 ESBL producer Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third
CL dogs in LeishVet stage I and II may suffer from early renal damage.
generation cephalosporins (5/27 isolates, 18,5%).
Disclosures
In this study a high number of positive blood cultures was detected.
No disclosures to report.
The detection of multidrug-resistant, MRS or ESBL producer bacteria
is a cause for great concern, with inherent therapeutic limitations. This
ISCAID-P-5
study illustrates that blood cultures are a key tool for the early diagnosis of sepsis as well as its oriented antimicrobial therapy.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ISCAID-P-4
Seroepidemiology of feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline
immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in cats in Greece
K. Kassiopi1, M.N. Saridomichelakis1, M.E. Mylonakis2, P.G. Xenoulis1
1
University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece, 2Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are
Use of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the early
diagnosis of renal damage in canine leishmaniasis
retroviruses causing significant morbidity and mortality in cats. Epidemio-
J. Duque1, E. Soto1, B. Macías2, D. Casamian-Sorrosal3, P. Ruiz1,
J.I. Cristobal1, R. Barrera-Chacón1
1
University of Extremadura. Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Cáceres, Spain,
2
Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón, Cáceres, Spain,
3
Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Basildon, United Kingdom
and prevention of the infection by these viruses. Unfortunately, limited
logical data are necessary to design optimal strategies for the management
data are available on the seroepidemiology of retroviral infections of cats
in Greece. The aim of this study was to determine the seroepidemiology
of FeLV and FIV infections in different populations of cats from Greece.
ABSTRACTS
1101
A total of 349 cats were prospectively included and divided into three
Half of the D. immitis seropositive cats (n=24) were further submitted to
groups (client-owned, stray and cats living in shelters or catteries). Sig-
thoracic radiographies and echocardiography. Of them, lung radiographic
nalment and historical data were collected using a standardized ques-
changes compatible with heartworm were present in 79.2% of the cats
tionnaire and a thorough physical examination was performed for
(bronchial pattern, unstructured interstitial pattern, vascular pattern with
each cat. Blood samples were obtained by jugular venipuncture and
enlargement of pulmonary arteries, lung hyperinflation) but no abnormal-
o
serum was stored at -80 C until analysis. Seroprevalence for FeLV
ities were present in the cardiac silhouette in any of the animals. Radio-
and FIV was determined using the SNAP FIV/FeLV ComboTM test
graphic abnormalities were displayed in 100% of symptomatic cats and
(IDEXX) and was compared among the 3 groups, between males and
68.7% of the asymptomatic cats (P<0.05). Presence of adult worms was
females, between intact and neutered males or females, between clini-
observed by echography in 6.25% (n=3) of the cats; of them, 2 were
cally healthy and sick cats and between cats presenting or not at least
asymptomatic and 1 presented normal thoracic radiographies. One cat
one clinical sign compatible with FeLV and/or FIV (χ2 test or Fischer’s
was indoor, one cat was outdoor and one cat was indoor/outdoor.
exact test) as well as for possible association with the age of the cats
The results show the importance of image diagnosis to help in the correct
(student’s t-test).
diagnosis of feline dirofilariosis, indistinctly of the presence or absence of
Of the 349 cats, 16 (4.6%) and 33 (9.5%) were found to be seroposi-
symptoms. Furthermore, a greater awareness of feline dirofilariosis is
tive for FeLV and FIV, respectively. The risk of seropositivity for FeLV
needed in cats, stating prophylaxis in kittens from 6-8 weeks. D. immitis
was significantly higher in sick than in clinically healthy cats (P=0.04)
infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of cats showing
and in cats with at least one clinical sign compatible with FeLV
compatible clinical signs, and a combination of serological and image diag-
(P=0.048). The risk of seropositivity for FIV was significantly higher in
nosis techniques should be performed when feline heartworm is sus-
male than in female cats (P=0.003), in neutered than in intact male
pected, for a correct diagnosis or to properly rule out the disease.
cats (P=0.005), in older cats (P=0.002), in sick than in clinically healthy
Disclosures
cats (P =0.039) and in cats with at least one clinical sign compatible
No disclosures to report.
with FIV (P=0,007).
Due to the high prevalence of seropositivity for FeLV and FIV in the
SCH-P-1
Greek feline population, it is necessary to define prophylactic and
management strategies taking into particular consideration those
groups of cats that are at increased risk of seropositivity and thus of
infection.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.
ISCAID-P-6
Differentiation of different types of feline liver disease by clinical
features, cytology and laboratory test results
N. Luckschander, J. Vogel, I. Schwendenwein
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Feline liver diseases consist of different disease entities such as cholangiohepatitis (CG), hepatic lipidosis (HL), and neoplasia with lymphoma (L) and other neoplasia (ON) are a common feature in cats with
variable clinicopathologic features, requiring different therapeutic
Clinical Picture of Cats Seropositive for Dirofilaria immitis in a
Hyperendemic Area: Is this Feline Disease Still Being Misdiagnosed?
T. Talavera1, Y. Falcón-Cordón1, S. Falcón-Cordón1, R. Morchón2,
J.A. Montoya-Alonso1, E. Carretón1
1
University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain, 2University of
Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Feline dirofilariasis (Dirofilaria immitis) has progressively regained
importance through the years due to a heightened awareness of the
disease in this species and scientific progress which provided better
diagnostic tools. However, the diagnosis is challenging and presents a
huge difficulty, mainly due to non-specific or absent symptoms, and
presence of low parasite burden or immature worms.
The objective was to determine the incidence of symptoms, presence
of feline virus as well as radiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in cats seropositive to D. immitis.
Blood samples from 146 cats living in a hyperendemic area were
tested for the presence of anti-D. immitis antibodies, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). Antibodies
test was positive in 32.9% of the cats; of them, 25% showed compatible symptoms of dirofilariosis versus 16.3% of the seronegative cats
(P<0.05). Regarding feline virus, 5.5% were positive to FIV and 13.7%
to FeLV. No statistically significant correlation was found between
D. immitis seropositivity and presence of feline virus.
strategies. Endoscopic liver biopsy is the current gold standard to
establish a diagnosis. Owner compliance is limited because of invasiveness so that refinement of diagnostic criteria obtained by minimally invasive methods are needed to ensure best possible
patient care.
Aim of this retrospective study was the identification of useful clinical
and laboratory features to differentiate between inflammatory, metabolic and neoplastic hepatic disease.
Records of 196 cats (2010-2016) were retrospectively evaluated.
Inclusion criteria were full physical exam, complete laboratory profile,
fine needle aspiration (FNA) of liver and gallbladder and FNA bacterial
culture. According to results and response to treatment, patients were
allocated to 7 groups lymphoma (L), mixed cholangitis (MC), neutrophil
cholangitis (NC), lymphoplasmacellular cholangitis (LPC), hepatic lipidosis (HL), other neoplasias (ON) and miscellaneous. Inferential statistics was performed to look for significant differences between groups,
p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Age, body temperature, neutrophilia, left shift and monocytosis were
identified as potentially useful discriminators the disease entities with
a p < 0.05 compared between the groups.
Disclosures
No disclosures to report.