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    The Role Of Spain In The American Revolution: An Unavoidable Strategic Mistake
    The Role Of Spain In The American Revolution: An Unavoidable Strategic Mistake
    The Role Of Spain In The American Revolution: An Unavoidable Strategic Mistake
    Ebook107 pages46 minutes

    The Role Of Spain In The American Revolution: An Unavoidable Strategic Mistake

    By Major Jose I. Yaniz

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    About this ebook

    Spain played a significant role in the outcome of the American Revolution by providing economic support and opening war fronts to fight the British in Europe and North America. Spain’s support for the revolutionaries was a strategic mistake for its government, for it was not in Spain’s national interests as a colonial power to do this.
    Neither France nor Spain helped the North American colonies to gain independence from Great Britain for altruistic reasons. Instead, both countries were eager to retaliate against Great Britain, which had become the undisputed global power after these countries’ defeat in the Seven Years War...However, Spain, unlike France, still possessed extended and rich territories throughout the two American continents. This caused Spain to cautiously approach involvement in the American Revolution. Being a colonial power like Britain, Spain did not want the seed of independence to spread throughout its own colonies; therefore the country never officially recognized U.S. independence during the time of the American Revolution. Instead, and as a result of the Bourbon Family Compact with France, Spain declared war on Great Britain in 1779, but it would never fight within the Thirteen Colonies.
    Nevertheless, and despite the inherent risk, Spanish ports were opened to American ships, and Spain provided, initially by secret means through Paris and New Orleans and later on in a more straight way, financial support to the American cause in the form of money and supplies since 1776. Spanish money also financed expeditions such as De Grasse’s Fleet in 1781 and the Washington’s army on its march to the south that were decisive in the Yorktown victory. Moreover, Spain fought the British in the Spanish areas of interest, including West Florida, Central America, the Caribbean, and Europe, thereby opening several fronts which the British could not simultaneously manage, and threatening vital sea lines of communications of the global naval power.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherGolden Springs Publishing
    Release dateAug 15, 2014
    ISBN9781782897637
    The Role Of Spain In The American Revolution: An Unavoidable Strategic Mistake

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      Book preview

      The Role Of Spain In The American Revolution - Major Jose I. Yaniz

      This edition is published by PICKLE PARTNERS PUBLISHING—www.picklepartnerspublishing.com

      To join our mailing list for new titles or for issues with our books – picklepublishing@gmail.com

      Or on Facebook

      Text originally published in 2009 under the same title.

      © Pickle Partners Publishing 2014, all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means, electrical, mechanical or otherwise without the written permission of the copyright holder.

      Publisher’s Note

      Although in most cases we have retained the Author’s original spelling and grammar to authentically reproduce the work of the Author and the original intent of such material, some additional notes and clarifications have been added for the modern reader’s benefit.

      We have also made every effort to include all maps and illustrations of the original edition the limitations of formatting do not allow of including larger maps, we will upload as many of these maps as possible.

      The Role of Spain in the American Revolution: An Unavoidable Strategic Mistake.

      by

      Major Jose I. Yaniz, Spanish Marine Corps.

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      Contents

      TABLE OF CONTENTS 4

      Executive Summary 5

      Preface 6

      INTRODUCTION 9

      THE SPANISH ROAD TO THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 10

      SPANISH AID BEFORE THE WAR DECLARATION TO BRITAIN 13

      21 JUNE 1779: SPAIN DECLARES WAR ON BRITAIN 16

      1780: MOBILE AND FIRST ATTEMPTS FOR PENSACOLA. 19

      1781: PENSACOLA AND YORKTOWN. 23

      1782: MINORCA, HONDURAS, BAHAMAS, AND GIBRALTAR. 27

      1783: PEACE TREATY OF PARIS. 29

      CONCLUSION 30

      Bibliography 32

      PRIMARY 32

      SECONDARY 32

      Books 32

      Essays 33

      Journals 34

      Appendix A: Maps and Figures. 36

      Appendix B: Basic Chronology 43

      1775 43

      1776 43

      1777 43

      1778 43

      1779 43

      1780 43

      American Campaign 44

      1782 44

      1783 45

      Appendix C: Microbiographies 46

      Appendix D: Economic Contribution 51

      KNOWN SPANISH AID TO THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 51

      Appendix E: PENSACOLA 53

      PENSACOLA 1781 53

      REQUEST FROM THE PUBLISHER 58

      Executive Summary

      Thesis: Spain played a significant role in the outcome of the American Revolution by providing economic support and opening war fronts to fight the British in Europe and North America. Spain’s support for the revolutionaries was a strategic mistake for its government, for it was not in Spain’s national interests as a colonial power to do this.

      Discussion: Neither France nor Spain helped the North American colonies to gain independence from Great Britain for altruistic reasons. Instead, both countries were eager to retaliate against Great Britain, which had become the undisputed global power after these countries’ defeat in the Seven Years War and the resulting Treaty of Paris of 1763. However, Spain, unlike France, still possessed extended and rich territories throughout the two American continents. This caused Spain to cautiously approach involvement in the American Revolution. Being a colonial power like Britain, Spain did not want the seed of independence to spread throughout its own colonies; therefore the country never officially recognized U.S. independence during the time of the American Revolution. Instead, and as a result of the Bourbon Family Compact with France, Spain declared war on Great Britain in 1779, but it would never fight within the Thirteen Colonies.

      Nevertheless, and despite the inherent risk, Spanish ports were opened to American ships, and Spain provided, initially by secret means through Paris and New Orleans and later on in a more straight way, financial support to the American cause in the form of money and supplies since 1776. Spanish money also financed expeditions such as De Grasse’s Fleet in 1781 and the Washington’s army on its march to the south that were decisive in the Yorktown victory. Moreover, Spain fought the British in the Spanish areas of interest, including West Florida, Central America, the Caribbean, and Europe, thereby opening several fronts which the British could not simultaneously manage, and threatening vital sea lines of communications of the global naval power.

      By helping the colonies, Spain helped create a postwar geo-political situation that would become the beginning of the end of its own western hemisphere empire. First, Spain became the main obstacle for the North American expansion to the west and south. Second, the American Revolution became an example that independent movements in the Spanish colonies would soon follow.

      Conclusion: By complying with the Bourbon Family Compact, Spain helped the American Revolution succeed and waged a war against Britain that provided Spain ephemeral gains. However, in the long term, Spain laid the groundwork for the collapse of the Spanish Empire. Ironically, the Spanish contribution to the American Revolution has been generally neglected by the Americans except for specialists in that field of study.

      Preface

      The Role of Spain in the American Revolution: An Unavoidable Strategic Mistake is the result of many hours of reading and seminar discussions about the American Revolution in the Operational Art Course at the Command and Staff College at Marine Corps University. During this time, I realized that the Spanish participation in the United States’ War for Independence, although known and documented in Spain, too often has been unknown, incorrect, or simply omitted in British, French, and American sources.

      However, the significance and importance of Spain waging war against Britain was clear for some of the most prominent revolutionaries at the time

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