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    Berea
    Berea
    Berea
    Ebook190 pages56 minutes

    Berea

    By Marvin Carlberg, Howard Carlberg and Patricia L. Stevens

    ()

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    About this ebook

    In 1853, emancipationist Cassius M. Clay gave a portion of his land holdings in central Kentucky to Rev. John G. Fee. Together they had a vision of building a community for all people of the earth, regardless of race, color, creed, gender, or class. Berea College was founded in 1855 with the same principles in mind, becoming the first interracial and coeducational college in the South. By the 1920s, Berea was a popular stopping point for travelers driving the Dixie Highway, highlighted by the Boone Tavern, which opened in 1909. Images of America: Berea takes readers on a pictorial journey of Berea's history, the growth of the college, and the flourishing artisan community with more than 200 images selected from the extensive Berea College Archives, private collections, and other sources.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArcadia Publishing
    Release dateSep 18, 2012
    ISBN9781439622643
    Berea
    Author

    Marvin Carlberg

    The gathering of images and historical research was a collaborative effort by three diverse talents. Patricia L. Stephens is a Berea College student and journalist who discovered many of these rarely seen images while doing research work at the Berea College Archives. Howard Carlberg is a photographer and prominent Berea resident who has coordinated many festivals, public dances, and craft workshops in Berea. Marvin Carlberg is a historian and collector of postcards, photographs, and other vintage memorabilia. This is his second book with Arcadia Publishing.

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      Book preview

      Berea - Marvin Carlberg

      historians.

      INTRODUCTION

      Berea is a vibrant town nestled in the Appalachian foothills of Madison County in Central Kentucky. It was founded on principles of equality and opportunity for those who otherwise would not have a chance to make their way in this world because of the color of their skin or the income of their family.

      John G. Fee was born into a slaveholding family but became a staunch abolitionist in the early 1840s while studying at Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati. As a Presbyterian minister in Kentucky, Fee preached too strongly for many who still supported slavery, so he was asked to leave the church. In 1853, he was invited to Madison County by the influential landowner and emancipationist Cassius M. Clay. Fee and Clay shared a vision of establishing a new non-slaveholding community in an area they named Berea, after the biblical town that was very receptive to the gospel.

      Clay offered Fee a 10-acre plot of land for a homestead and arranged for additional land to build a church and a school. In 1854, Fee established an antislavery church and became its first pastor. In 1855, Fee and others built a one-room school, which became the foundation of Berea College. The first teachers came from Oberlin College (also a strong antislavery holding). In 1858, Fee met with experienced teacher John A. R. Rogers, and they determined the time was right to expand the school. Rogers had already been thinking about starting a college, and the Berea school seemed like a good place upon which to build.

      Berea College’s early years were not all smooth running; for example, in December 1859, a group of 60 men with pro-slavery mindsets ran Fee and the professors from Berea. The men were not able to safely return until 1865. Four years later, the college department was fully established, and the school population was divided equally between black and white students. Berea College proudly admitted women students, too, making it the first interracial and coeducational college in the South.

      After the college was established, the town of Berea began to develop around it. In 1882, the railroad was constructed through Berea, bringing new jobs and drawing others looking for work. The train served as a turning point in the growth of Berea, bringing in goods from outside of the area. The train also made it possible for students to travel to the school, which increased enrollment from farther reaches of the Appalachian region.

      Unfortunately, Berea was not in the clear yet. As a town so devoted to its cause, it was hit hard by the Kentucky Legislature’s passage of the Day Law in 1904, prohibiting the education of blacks and whites in the same school. Separate but equal was an often used phrase, but it tore apart what Fee had worked so hard to establish. Berea fought the law all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court but ultimately lost in 1908. The Berea trustees raised enough funds by 1910 to help establish the Lincoln Institute near Louisville where black students could continue their education. But the blacks and whites could no longer learn to know each other and respect each other side by side on the Berea campus. It wasn’t until 1950 that the Day Law was amended, and Berea became the first college to reopen its doors to those outturned students.

      In the meantime, Berea College transitioned from an interracial college to focus on the special talents of the mountain youth, and this had a profound impact on the direction into which the town would grow. Traditional Appalachian crafts were brought out of the mountains and into the town. The college developed the Student Industries into a successful retail business, allowing the students to learn valuable skills and at the same time help provide an income to cover living expenses.

      Folk music and traditional dance were taught at the college from its earliest days, further uniting the school and the community. By the 1930s, the music and dance activities around Berea were exceptionally strong, with events such as the Mountain Folk Festival and weeklong Christmas Country Dance School drawing participants from great distances.

      The folk arts aspect of Berea College also continues to spill out into the community, keeping the college and the town closely intertwined. Some students stay in Berea after graduating and continue to cultivate the talents they discovered while working at the Student Industries. In 1960, the college helped to form the Kentucky Guild of Artists and Craftsmen. Berea has become a magnet for artisans appreciative of the welcoming environment for creative entrepreneurs.

      Self-sufficiency has been of interest to Bereans for quite some time. From the 1890s through the 1970s, the college dairy and farms provided milk products and fresh produce for the school and community. The college bakery made fresh bread daily for the local grocery stores. Land use and transportation capabilities have changed in modern times, so these specific ventures no longer operate, but locally made and locally grown are still seen on labels around Berea to this day.

      In 2003, the Berea Ecovillage was built—a model of sustainable living with 32 townhouse apartments designed to go a step beyond basic energy efficiency. The site boasts a living machine, designed to demonstrate reuse of all wastewater on-site via a series of tanks filled with aquatic plants, fish, and microorganisms that purify the wastewater. Students from the Sustainability and Environmental Studies (SENS) program at Berea College monitor the results of the operations, including the performance of the solar energy systems, the rainwater collection cisterns, and the rate of participation by the residents in composting and recycling. The goals are to reduce energy

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