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    Australian Barleys: Identification of Varieties, Grain Defects and Foreign Seeds
    Australian Barleys: Identification of Varieties, Grain Defects and Foreign Seeds
    Australian Barleys: Identification of Varieties, Grain Defects and Foreign Seeds
    Ebook210 pages53 minutes

    Australian Barleys: Identification of Varieties, Grain Defects and Foreign Seeds

    By RW Fitzsimmons and CW Wrigley

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    This handbook provides a basis for checking the range of quality factors that can be judged by on-the-spot examination. When barley is being received at the silo or the malt-house, it is impractical and unnecessary to use the range of precise laboratory methods devised for quality testing, although these can be used to decide about border-line samples or to resolve disputes.

    Instead, an approximate indication of many quality factors can be obtained by visual examination to determine:
    (a) the variety, to make sure that the load is binned with other barley of a compatible quality type;
    (b) the extent of damage to grains, as an indication of how satisfactory the grain will be for the particular use for which it is offered;
    (c) the degree of contamination with foreign seeds, to determine the purity of the barley, the expense involved in cleaning it and its suitability for use as human or animal food depending on the toxicity of the contaminants.

    In addition to these three aspects of quality, there are other factors such as test weight and protein content that can be measured on receival of grain, but they are beyond the scope of this book.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherCSIRO PUBLISHING
    Release dateJun 1, 1984
    ISBN9780643106123
    Australian Barleys: Identification of Varieties, Grain Defects and Foreign Seeds

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      Book preview

      Australian Barleys - RW Fitzsimmons

      AUSTRALIAN

      BARLEYS

      IDENTIFICATION OF VARIETIES,

      GRAIN DEFECTS AND FOREIGN SEEDS

      SECOND EDITION

      R. W. Fitzsimmons

      Department of Agriculture, Sydney, N.S.W. 2000

      and

      C. W. Wrigley

      CSIRO Wheat Research Unit, North Ryde, N.S.W. 2 113

      COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION

      National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry

      Fitzsimmons, R. W. (Roger William).

      Australian barleys.

      2nd ed.

      Previous ed. : Melbourne: CSIRO, 1979.

      Bibliography.

      ISBN 0 643 03728 4.

      1. Barley — Australia — Varieties —

      Identification. I. Wrigley, C. W.

      II. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial

      Research Organization, Australia. III. Title.

      633.1′67′0994

      First published 1979

      © CSIRO 1984

      Published by CSIRO Editorial and Publications Service

      314 Albert Street, East Melbourne, Vic., Australia 3002

      Contents

      Preface to second edition

      Acknowledgments

      General introduction

      Identification of barley varieties

      Definition of terms

      Explanation of plant characters

      Vegetative stage

      Flowering stage

      Maturity

      Explanation of head characters

      Explanation of grain characters

      Selected Bibliography

      Summary Keys

      Barley varieties

      Abyssinian

      Bandulla

      Beecher

      Cantala

      Cape

      Clipper

      Corvette

      Cutter

      Dampier

      Forrest

      Galleon

      Grimmett

      Ketch

      Lara

      Malebo

      Noyep

      Parwan

      Prior

      Proctor

      Research

      Resibee

      Schooner

      Shannon

      Stirling

      Weeah

      Defects of barley grain

      Appendix 1: Foreign seeds

      Weed seeds

      Crop seeds

      Index

      Appendix 2: Common insects of Grain

      Preface to Second Edition

      Barley continues to occupy a prominent place in Australian agriculture. Its increasing importance as an export grain adds to the need for correct identification and for distinction between varieties differing in quality type. The first edition of Australian Barleys′ (1979) has already contributed in these ways towards improving grain quality. In the second edition, we provide information on nine barley varieties which have been released recently, while retaining all varieties described in the first edition. A few details have been revised and somB new information has been added. This edition is presented in loose-leaf format, as was used throughout this series, to permit the addition of description sheets for new varieties or the assembly of a smaller set of descriptions appropriate to local needs. The sections on grain defects, crop seeds and weed seeds are also available in the form of posters from CSIRG Editorial and Publications Service, East Melbourne.

      Acknowledgments

      We acknowledge the assistance of the Australian Barley Board, the Barley Marketing Boards of New South Wales and Oueensland and their respective Technical Officers.

      In addition, we appreciate the assistance given by the grain handling authorities and Departments of Agriculture/Primary Industries in all States. In particular, help with the provision of samples and plant descriptions was provided by A. Barr (S.A.), R. A.Hare (N.S.W.), R. P. Johnston (Old), D. P. Law (Old), P. A. Portmann (W.A.), B. J. Read (N.S.W.), P. E. Ridge (Vic.), D. H. B. Sparrow (S.A.), and W. Vertigan (Tas.).

      Technical assistance from Robyn Smith has been most important in the production of this handbook.

      Credit for the colour photography goes to Mr W. E. Rushton, CSIRO Divisotl of Food Research, whose important contribution is gratefully acknowledged.

      General Introduction

      Barley has increased dramatically in popularity as an Australian crop. In New South Wales alone, the area sown to barley has increased tenfold over the last two decades. The recent introduction of more suitable varieties offers the possibility of further expansion in sowings of this adaptable crop.

      However, best prices for barley can only be ensured if every care is taken to provide grain of the best quality, whether it be for malting, milling for human consumption, distilling or animal feed.

      Visual Assessment of Quality

      This handbook provides a basis for checking the range of quality factors that can be judged by on-the-spot examination. When barley is being received at the silo or the malt-house, it is impractical and unnecessary to use the range of precise laboratory methods devised for quality testing, although these can be used to decide about border-line samples or to resolve disputes. Instead, an approximate indication of many quality factors can be obtained by visual examination to determine:

      (a) the variety, to make sure that the load is binned with other barley of a compatible quality type;

      (b) the extent of damage to grains, as an indication of how satisfactory the grain will be for the particular use for which it is offered;

      (c) the degree of contamination with foreign seeds, to determine the purity of the barley, the expense involved in cleaning it and its suitability for use as human or animal food depending on the toxicity of the contaminants.

      In addition to these three aspects of quality, there are other factors such as test weight and protein content that can be measured on receival of grain, but they are beyond the scope of this book.

      Identification of Barley Varieties

      The Need for Varietal Identification

      Barley varieties are carefully selected by the breeder and the chemist who works with him to ensure their suitability for one of the various uses of barley. For malting, the most exacting application, it is not only essential to use a variety specifically bred for this purpose, but it is also important not

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