Logic

DOVER BOOKS ON WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

LANGUAGE, TRUTH AND LOGIC, Alfred J. Ayer. (Available in U.S. and Canada only.) (0-486-20010-8)

CREATIVE EVOLUTION, Henri Bergson. (0-486-40036-0)

TIME AND FREE WILL: AN ESSAY ON THE IMMEDIATE DATA OF CONSCIOUSNESS, Henri Bergson. (0-486-41767-0)

A TREATISE CONCERNING THE PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE, George Berkeley. (0-486-43253-X)

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE LAWS OF THOUGHT, George Boole. (0-486-60028-9)

ARISTOTLE’S THEORY OF POETRY AND FINE ART, S. H. Butcher. (0-486-20042-6)

WESTERN MYSTICISM: Augustine, Gregory, and Bernard on Contemplation and the Contemplative Life, Dom Cuthbert Butler. (0-486-43142-8)

INTRODUCTION TO SYMBOLIC LOGIC AND ITS APPLICATIONS, Rudolf Carnap. (0-486-60453-5)

LANGUAGE AND MYTH, Ernst Cassirer. (0-486-20051-5)

FROM RELIGION TO PHILOSOPHY: A STUDY IN THE ORIGINS OF WESTERN SPECULATION, F. M. Cornford. (0-486-03372-2)

DISCOURSE ON METHOD AND MEDITATIONS, René Descartes. (0-486-43252-1)

EXPERIENCE AND NATURE, John Dewey. (0-486-20471-5)

HOW WE THINK, John Dewey (0-486-29895-7)

THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF MIND, Georg W. Hegel. (0-486-43251-3)

A TREATISE OF HUMAN NATURE, David Hume. (0-486-43250-5)

ESSAYS IN RADICAL EMPIRICISM, William James. (0-486-43094-4)

THE WILL TO BELIEVE AND HUMAN IMMORTALITY, William James. (0-486-20291-7)

PHYSICS AND PHILOSOPHY, Sir James Jeans. (0-486-24117-3)

GUIDE TO PHILOSOPHY, C. E. M. Joad. (0-486-20297-6)

CRITIQUE OF PRACTICAL REASON, Immanuel Kant. (0-486-43445-1)

CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON, Immanuel Kant. (0-486-43254-8)

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE METAPHYSICS OF MORALS, Immanuel Kant. (0-486-44309-4)

LOGIC, Immanuel Kant. (0-486-25650-2)

AN INTRODUCTION TO SYMBOLIC LOGIC, Susanne K. Langer. (0-486-60164-1)

MIND AND THE WORLD ORDER: OUTLINE OF A THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE, Clarence Irving Lewis. (0-486-26564-1)

AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING, John Locke. (Vols. I & II: 0-486-20530-4, 0-486-20531-2)

ETHICAL WRITINGS OF MAIMONIDES, Moses Maimonides. (0-486-24522-5)

THE GUIDE FOR THE PERPLEXED, Moses Maimonides. (0-486-20351-4)

HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, Julian Marías. (0-486-21739-6)

AN INTRODUCTION TO EXISTENTIALISM, Robert G. Olson. (0-486-20055-8)

A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY, Robert G. Olson. (0-486-42862-1)

CHARLES S. PEIRCE: SELECTED WRITINGS, Charles S. Peirce. (0-486-21634-9)

PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGS OF PEIRCE, Charles S. Peirce. (0-486-20217-8)

GORGIAS AND TIMAEUS, Plato. (0-486-42759-5)

PLATO’S THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE: The Theatetus and the Sophist, Plato. (0-486-42763-3)

SCIENCE AND HYPOTHESIS, Henri Poincaré. (0-486-60221-4)

THE PHILOSOPHY OF SPACE AND TIME, Hans Reichenbach. (0-486-60443-8)

INTRODUCTION TO MATHEMATICAL PHILOSOPHY, Bertrand Russell. (Available in U.S. only.) (0-486-27724-0)

THE PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY, Bertrand Russell. (Available in U.S. only.) (0-486-40674-1)

SCEPTICISM AND ANIMAL FAITH, George Santayana. (0-486-20236-4)

THE SENSE OF BEAUTY, George Santayana. (0-486-20238-0)

ESSAY ON THE FREEDOM OF THE WILL, Arthur Schopenhauer. (0-486-44011-7))

THE WISDOM OF LIFE, Arthur Schopenhauer. (0-486-43550-4))

THE WORLD AS WILL AND REPRESENTATION, Arthur Schopenhauer. (Vols. I & II: 0-486-21761-2, 0-486-21762-0)

THE DISCOVERY OF THE MIND IN GREEK PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE, Bruno Snell. (0-486-24264-1)

ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE UNDERSTANDING, THE ETHICS, CORRESPONDENCE, Benedict de Spinoza. (0-486-20250-X)

ARISTOTLE, A. E. Taylor (0-486-20280-1)

PLATO: THE MAN AND His WORK, A. E. Taylor. (0-486-41605-4)

THE TRAGIC SENSE OF LIFE, Miguel de Unamuno. (0-486-20257-7)

THE CLOUD OF UNKNOWING: The Classic of Medieval Mysticism, Evelyn Underhill (ed.). (0-486-43203-3)

TRACTATUS LOGICO-PHILOSOPHICUS, Ludwig Wittgenstein. (0-486-40445-5)

Paperbound unless otherwise indicated. Available at your book dealer, online at www.doverpublications.com, or by writing to Dept. 23, Dover Publications, Inc., 31 East 2nd Street, Mineola, NY 11501. For current price information or for free catalogs (please indicate field of interest), write to Dover Publications or log on to www.doverpublications.com and see every Dover book in print. Each year Dover publishes over 500 books on fine art, music, crafts and needlework, antiques, languages, literature, children’s books, chess, cookery, nature, anthropology, science, mathematics, and other areas.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Copyright © 1974 by Robert S. Hartman and Wolfgang Schwarz.

Preface to the Dover Edition copyright © 1988 by Ilse Anna Schwarz.

All rights reserved under Pan American and International Copyright Conventions.

This Dover edition, first published in 1988, is an unabridged, slightly corrected republication of the edition first published by The Bobbs-Merrill Company (The Library of Liberal Arts), Indianapolis and New York, 1974. A new Preface has been written specially for the Dover edition by Wolfgang Schwarz. The original edition of Kant’s Logic was published by Friedrich Nicolovius, Königsberg, in 1800 under the title Immanuel Kants Logik: Ein Handbuch zu Vorlesungen (Immanuel Kant’s Logic: A Manual for Lectures).

Manufactured in the United States of America

Dover Publications, Inc., 31 East 2nd Street, Mineola, N.Y. 11501

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Kant, Immanuel, 1724—1804.

Logic.

Translation of: Logik, 1800.

Reprint. Originally published: Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill, 1974.

Includes bibliographical references.

1. Logic. I. Title.

B2794.L62E5  1988  160

88-3734

9780486117430

Preface to the Dover Edition

The original idea of translating Kant’s Logic into English came from Robert Hartman, who proposed it to me after we had met in 1970 at the International Kant Congress in Rochester, N.Y. Later on I joined him in Cuernavaca with a completed translation; the Translators’ Introduction became Robert Hartman’s main contribution. His untimely death prevented him from seeing in print a book that had absorbed much of his interest and that without his initiative would not have come into being. [Wolfgang Schwarz’s own untimely death has unfortunately prevented him from seeing the Dover edition in print. Dr. Schwarz passed away on September 9, 1987. —Publisher]

A reviewer of our translation thought that it should have received more critical editing to ascertain that Jäsche, Kant’s student, had not misrepresented Kant’s thoughts. Jäsche could and did avail himself of Kant’s own annotations in his copy of Meier’s textbook (see p. 5, below) and of Kant’s expositions on the extra pages he inserted there for use in his lectures. This material is preserved and published in a diplomatically true edition as Vol. XVI of the Academy edition of Kant’s writings. A comparison shows that Jäsche’s text, over long stretches, is verbatim Kant, aided by some of Kant’s formulations taken from his other works. There is general consensus that Jäsche did a very commendable job, an opinion also shared by the editor of the Logic in the Academy edition. The student Jäsche, incidentally, qualified as lecturer in philosophy at the University of Königsberg, was a personal friend of Kant’s, and soon after his edition of Kant’s Logic received a call to a professorship at the University of Dorpat.

There should be no misunderstanding about our intention to give a reliable translation of an important Kantian text in as literal English as possible. Our translation does not contain the slightest amount of editing declared desirable by the aforementioned reviewer.

One need not quarrel about terminological choices with those who cling to the familiar and are averse to innovations, even innovations that are unquestionable improvements in bringing us closer to Kantian meanings. Presentation for Kant’s Vorstellung should never have been displaced by the nowadays customary representation after presentation had been adopted by thoughtful scholars (note the evidence cited by The Oxford English Dictionary). Kant’s philosophy is no representationalism. On the contrary, his critical philosophy could lead scientists, most of whom are representationalists, onto new paths, once they bothered to take notice of the Critique of Pure Reason, the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, and—still the royal road to understanding the Critique of Pure Reason—the Logic. I used the same principles of translation and the same terminology employed in the Logic in a new concise translation of the Critique of Pure Reason (Scientia, Aalen, 1982) and saw no reason for abandoning presentation as an accurate translation of Vorstellung. Representation would be the perfect translation of Wiedervorstellung, if there were such a word.

Here is the place to thank Professor C. Jongsma for pointing to the existence of an earlier translation of Kant’s Logic, which makes incorrect the claim that ours is the first complete English translation. In 1819, Jongsma wrote, "and again in 1836 (reprinted as part 1 of Metaphysical Works) John Richardson’s translation of Kant’s Logic was published, and it includes everything your edition does, unlike Abbott’s 1885 translation. However, the translation there is quite poor from a stylistic point of view and justly deserves the neglect it received."

Kant’s Introduction to his Logic grows into an introduction to philosophy, and philosophy is surveyed by Kant in its role of importance for human life, for a life guided by reason. This Introduction by itself could be an antidote, however weak, for an age excelling so often in the cult of unreason.

Wolfgang Schwarz

Vancouver, B.C.

Table of Contents

DOVER BOOKS ON WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

Title Page