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    Neonatal Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice
    Neonatal Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice
    Neonatal Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice
    Ebook189 pages1 hour

    Neonatal Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice

    By American Nurses Association

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    About this ebook

    This concise guide to contemporary neonatal practice contains up-to-date information for RNs practicing in this nursing specialty and defines the level of nursing practice and professional performance for neonatal nurses at all practice levels and in all settings.
    The 16 standards are those by which all RNs in neonatal nursing are held accountable for in their practice. Each standard is measurable by a set of specific competencies that serve as evidence of minimal compliance with that standard.
    This book is a must have for neonatal nursing practitioners, educators, students, and others directly involved in the nursing profession. Other healthcare providers, researchers and scholars as well as employers, insurers, lawyers, regulators, policy makers, and stakeholders will find value in referencing this publication.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherNursesbooks
    Release dateJan 7, 2013
    ISBN9781558104723
    Neonatal Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice
    Author

    American Nurses Association

    The American Nurses Association (ANA) is the premier organization representing the interests of the nation's 4 million registered nurses. ANA is at the forefront of improving the quality of health care for all. Founded in 1896, and with members in all 50 states and U.S. territories, ANA is the strongest voice for the profession

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      Book preview

      Neonatal Nursing - American Nurses Association

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data

      Neonatal nursing: scope and standards of practice/National Association of Neonatal Nurses, American Nurses Association. —2nd ed.

      p. ; cm.

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-1-55810-470-9 (soft cover: alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-55810-471-6 (ebook (PDF format))—ISBN 978-1-55810-472-3 (ebook (EPUB format))—ISBN 978-1-55810-473-0 (ebook (Mobipocket format))

      I. National Association of Neonatal Nurses. II. American Nurses Association.

      [DNLM: 1. Neonatal Nursing—standards. WY 157.3]

      The American Nurses Association (ANA) and the National Association of Neonatal Nurses (NANN) are national professional associations. This joint ANA–NANN publication (Neonatal Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, Second Edition) reflects the thinking of the practice specialty of neonatal nursing on various issues and should be reviewed in conjunction with state board of nursing policies and practices. State law, rules, and regulations govern the practice of nursing, while Neonatal Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, Second Edition guides neonatal nurses in the application of their professional skills and responsibilities.

      American Nurses Association

      8515 Georgia Avenue, Suite 400

      Silver Spring, MD 20910-3492

      1-800-274-4ANA

      http://www.NursingWorld.org

      Published by Nursesbooks.org

      The Publishing Program of ANA

      http://www.Nursesbooks.org/

      Copyright © 2013 American Nurses Association and National Association of Neonatal Nurses. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

      DOI:

      First printing: January 2013

      Contents

      Acknowledgments

      Contributors

      Scope of Neonatal Nursing Practice

      Definition and Overview of Professional Neonatal Nursing

      History of Neonatal Nursing

      Underlying Assumptions of Neonatal Nursing

      Practice Characteristics of Neonatal Nursing

      Continuous Assessment

      Developmental Care

      Health Promotion

      Environment

      Family-Focused Care

      Culturally Sensitive Care

      Spiritual Care

      Ethical Decision-Making

      Discharge Planning

      Advocacy

      Quality Assurance and Evidence-Based Practice

      Patient Safety

      Research

      Practice Environment and Levels of Care in Neonatal Nursing

      Education, Certification, and Roles in Neonatal Nursing

      Future Considerations

      Standards of Neonatal Nursing Practice

      Standards of Practice for Neonatal Nursing

      Standard 1. Assessment

      Standard 2. Diagnosis

      Standard 3. Outcomes Identification

      Standard 4. Planning

      Standard 5. Implementation

      Standard 5A. Coordination of Care

      Standard 5B. Health Teaching and Health Promotion

      Standard 5C. Consultation

      Standard 5D. Prescriptive Authority and Treatment

      Standard 6. Evaluation

      Standards of Professional Performance for Neonatal Nursing

      Standard 7. Ethics

      Standard 8. Education

      Standard 9. Evidence-Based Practice and Research

      Standard 10. Quality of Practice

      Standard 11. Communication

      Standard 12. Leadership

      Standard 13. Collaboration

      Standard 14. Professional Practice Evaluation

      Standard 15. Resource Utilization

      Standard 16. Environmental Health

      Glossary

      References

      Bibliography

      Appendix A. Neonatal Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (2004)

      Index

      Acknowledgments

      This document was developed by the National Association of Neonatal Nurses Scope and Standards Task Force. The task force members gratefully acknowledge the work of the previous task forces that initiated the original documents on neonatal nursing practice. The early versions of the manuscript for this edition were modified on the basis of thoughtful comments and editing suggestions made by volunteer reviewers and by the NANN Board of Directors.

      This edition is dedicated to the past, present, and future families and staff of the NICU, working in partnership to benefit all babies in our care.

      Contributors

      National Association of Neonatal Nurses (NANN) Scope and Standards Task Force

      Karen M. Kopischke, MS, RNC, NNP-BC—Chair

      Annette Carley, MS, RN, NNP-BC, PNP

      Kim Maryniak, MSN, BN, RNC

      Linda Merritt, MSN, RNC

      Susan Stang, MSN, RNC, APN

      NANN Staff Liaisons

      Barbara Hofmaier, MAT

      Catherine Underwood, MBA, CAE

      NANN Board of Directors, 2011–2012

      Susan Reinarz, MSN, RN, NNP-BC—President

      Cheryl Ann Carlson, PhD, APRN, NNP-BC—President-Elect

      Gladys Mabey, MN, RN—Secretary-Treasurer

      Lori Armstrong, MSN, RN—Immediate Past President

      Julianne Dahl, MSN, RNC-NIC—Staff Nurse Director at Large

      Elizabeth Damato, PhD, RNC, CPNP—Special Interest Groups Director at Large

      Regina Grazel, MSN, RN, BC, APN-C—Director at Large

      Debra A. Sansoucie, EdD, APRN, NNP-BC—National Association of Neonatal Nurse Practitioners (NANNP) Council Chair

      Moni Snell, MSN, NNP-BC—Director at Large

      Carol Wallman, MSN, RN, NNP-BC—Director at Large

      American Nurses Association (ANA) Staff

      Carol Bickford, PhD, RN-BC, CPHIMS—Content editor

      Maureen E. Cones, Esq.—Legal counsel

      Yvonne Daley Humes, MSA—Project coordinator

      Eric Wurzbacher, BA—Project editor

      About the American Nurses Association

      The American Nurses Association (ANA) is the only full-service professional organization representing the interests of the nation’s 3.1 million registered nurses through its constituent/state nurses associations and its organizational affiliates. The ANA advances the nursing profession by fostering high standards of nursing practice, promoting the rights of nurses in the workplace, projecting a positive and realistic view of nursing, and lobbying the Congress and regulatory agencies on health care issues affecting nurses and the public.

      About the National Association of Neonatal Nurses

      The National Association of Neonatal Nurses (NANN) supports the professional needs of neonatal nurses throughout their careers and shapes the field of neonatal nursing through excellence in practice, education, research, and professional development. The longest established professional organization for neonatal nurses, NANN provides its members a connection to the strongest and most vibrant community of neonatal nurses in the United States.

      About Nursesbooks.org, The Publishing Program of ANA

      Nursesbooks.org publishes books on ANA core issues and programs, including ethics, leadership, quality, specialty practice, advanced practice, and the profession’s enduring legacy. Best known for the foundational documents of the profession on nursing ethics, scope and standards of practice, and social policy, Nursesbooks.org is the publisher for the professional, career-oriented nurse, reaching and serving nurse educators, administrators, managers, and researchers as well as staff nurses in the course of their professional development.

      Scope of Neonatal Nursing Practice

      Definition and Overview of Professional Neonatal Nursing

      Neonatal nursing is the specialized practice of care for the neonate, infant, and family from birth and initial hospitalization through discharge and early follow-up care. This highly specialized nursing practice includes care of infants born prematurely and those born at term or beyond who are experiencing illness or complications following their birth, as well as newborns who remain at risk for disorders of transition and later onset of symptoms of pathology.

      Medical and technological breakthroughs have expanded the ability to save extremely small and immature infants as well as profoundly ill infants, which has inevitably and extensively changed practice. With these innovations and practice changes, the nursing care needs of this population have grown. As a result, the population served has expanded to include infants during the first 2 years of life who have healthcare needs related to their neonatal period (National Association of Neonatal Nurses [NANN], 2009b).

      The population served by neonatal registered nurses is diverse and increasing. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1 in 8 infants is born preterm, and 7% are born with low birth weight in the United States (CDC, 2006). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reported that in 2006, 4% of all births required assisted ventilation immediately after birth, and of those, 20% required assisted ventilation for more than 6 hours after delivery. This same report, derived from data from the 19 states that had implemented the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth, reported that 6% of all infants reported were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (Osterman, Martin, & Menacker, 2009). Overall infant mortality in 2012 was 6.61 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, and the leading cause of death was congenital malformations, which accounted for 20% of all deaths. The second leading cause of death was disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, which accounted for an additional 17% of all infant deaths (Mathews & MacDorman, 2008). Data from 2005 suggested that the annual societal

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