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    Paradise Lost
    Paradise Lost
    Paradise Lost
    Ebook400 pages16 hours

    Paradise Lost

    By John Milton

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    About this ebook

    An Epic Poem on an Even Grander Scale

    “Better to reign in Hell, than to serve in Heaven.” ― John Milton, Paradise Lost

    In John Milton's Paradise Lost, the author tells the story of the fall of man, developing characters from the familiar Biblical narrative.
    This Xist Classics edition has been professionally formatted for e-readers with a linked table of contents. This eBook also contains a bonus book club leadership guide and discussion questions. We hope you’ll share this book with your friends, neighbors and colleagues and can’t wait to hear what you have to say about it.

    Xist Publishing is a digital-first publisher. Xist Publishing creates books for the touchscreen generation and is dedicated to helping everyone develop a lifetime love of reading, no matter what form it takes

      LanguageEnglish
      PublisherXist Publishing
      Release dateJun 8, 2015
      ISBN9781623958732
      Author

      John Milton

      John Milton was a seventeenth-century English poet, polemicist, and civil servant in the government of Oliver Cromwell. Among Milton’s best-known works are the classic epic Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, considered one of the greatest accomplishments in English blank verse, and Samson Agonistes. Writing during a period of tremendous religious and political change, Milton’s theology and politics were considered radical under King Charles I, found acceptance during the Commonwealth period, and were again out of fashion after the Restoration, when his literary reputation became a subject for debate due to his unrepentant republicanism. T.S. Eliot remarked that Milton’s poetry was the hardest to reflect upon without one’s own political and theological beliefs intruding.

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      Reviews for Paradise Lost

      4/5

      1,741 ratings39 reviews

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      • 5/5
        Milton cria um diabo carismático e persuasivo, que clama: "Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven".
      • 4/5
        We had read selections of this book in my AP Lit class in high school, but as always, selections don't tell the whole story. I love reading religious literature, and this being one of the most famous epic poems in that genre, I quite enjoyed it. As an interesting aside, I did, however, find Lucifer/Satan to be far more sympathetic than he comes across in the Bible. I don't know if this was intentional on Milton's part, or simply something that was a result of describing his motivations.
      • 5/5
        There's all this debate over why Satan is so appealing in Paradise Lost. Did Milton screw up? Is he being cynical, or a double-secret atheist? And why is God such a dick?

        No one ever asks that about Iago, though, to whom I think Milton's Satan owes a debt. No one asks whether Shakespeare screwed up in making Iago so much fun; they just give him credit for, y'know, writing an awesome villain. And that's all Milton's doing. Satan is tempting for us because Satan is tempting for us. That's the point of Satan! If Milton didn't make him as appealing as possible, he'd be doing Satan a disservice. And Eve, for that matter.

        Similarly, God's a dick because God's a dick. You've read the Old Testament. He's not exactly all flowers and hugs there either. Again, Milton's just being true to his characters, and writing a great story while he's at it.

        There’s slightly more to it than that, yeah. For example: it's hinted, albeit obtusely, that God sets Satan up to fall. He gives a stern warning that anyone who disobeys him or his son will be cast out of Heaven. But since there's no sin or evil at the time of his speech, why give the warning? Isn't that like saying "Don't touch these cookies while I'm gone" to a kid who didn't realize there were cookies until you pointed them out? I get why people spend their entire careers arguing over this thing.

        Here’s my advice to people considering reading Paradise Lost: read the first two books. It starts with a bang, and it’s pretty amazing for a while. It slows down a bit in books III - VII, so if you’re not totally sold in the first two books (I was), you can either quit altogether with a fair idea of what Milton sounds like, or skip to books IX and X. IX is the actual temptation and fall (especially fun if you’re a misogynist), and X is an astonishing sequence where Adam and Eve contemplate suicide:

        "Why am I mocked with death, and lengthened out
        To deathless pain? How gladly would I meet
        Mortality my sentence...
        his dreadful voice no more
        Would thunder in my ears." (Adam, X.774 - 780)

        “We’ve totally mucked this up, and our kids are gonna justifiably hate us because we got kicked out of Paradise, and maybe we should just quit while we’re behind.”

        But really, the whole thing is worth it. Took me a while – it’s intense stuff, so I found that I had to read a book and then chew on it for a while to process it before moving to the next one – but it’s cool.

        In book VIII, if you’re cosmologically minded, Milton lays out the whole universe. Like Giordano Bruno, he understands that our earth is a tiny speck in the universe, and he gets that all the stars are suns like ours, and therefore could have planets like ours around them. He also thinks they might be inhabited; our species might not be God's only experiment. Elsewhere, other Adams and Eves may have faced the same test of the Tree of Knowledge - and they might have passed it. Isn't that an amazing thought?

        In books XI and XII, Michael tells Adam sortof all the rest of the stories in the Old Testament, which of course boil down to:

        “So shall the world go on,
        To good malignant, to bad men benign,
        Under her own weight groaning.” (XII 537 – 539)

        That’s your fault there, Adam. Nice work.

        He rushes through them though, and it makes me wonder whether Milton had originally intended to retell the entire Old Testament but got bored or intimidated or something. That would’ve been remarkable. Certainly Paradise Lost is better literature than the Old Testament is, and significantly more coherent.

        It’s also better literature than almost everything else. It’s pretty awesome. Probably the second-best poem by a blind guy ever. I give it two thumbs up.
      • 5/5
        I originally read this in response to finishing The Golden Compass series. Pullman spoke about Paradise Lost as one of the main inspirations for some of his thinking. Though I did study literature, I never had any intention of reading this work. I am so glad that I did. There are lines in there that move the heart and mind of course, the imagery gave me bad dreams, and it the experience is something that I will keep forever.Talk about closure, the last lines gave me so much hope and made me feel electric.
      • 4/5
         This was somewhat slow going, but worth the effort to persevere with it. I had the oxford Classics verison, which phas an essay at the beginning to put the poem into context, which was helpful. it also had footnotes for references in the text to classical legends and diffiocult worrds or phrasings, which was very useful!

        The text concerns the biblical acocunt of creaction and the expulsion of Adam & Eve from paradise - hence the title. Regardless of if you believe, it makes for a really good read, but takes a little effort to get into it each time. The text has a hypnotic flow and rhythm to it. Tthe language is sometimes a little obscure, but not excessively so, it isn't like every line requires serious explanation. There are also a large number of legends worked into the text, all building this into a complex mass of intertwined threads, rather than a straightforward retelling of the same story. It is also one of those works that you realise has been referenced in other books you've read - the number of times I found myself thinking "I've read something like that before" and realising that it was a reference to Milton that I'd not known at the time. It was excellent, but I'm going for something a little lighter next time!
      • 4/5
        I'd be lying if I said I understood and enjoyed every word of Paradise Lost, but there's no getting around the fact that it's beautiful and terrifying and provoking. It's definitely a book that requires many rereadings.
      • 4/5
        Formidabel kosmisch epos, met vooral in de eerste helft grote scheppende kracht, maar daarna “verworden” tot een uitgebreide navertelling van Genesis. Nochtans zijn de delen over het scheppingverhaal en de menselijke zondeval (vooral de interactie tussen Adam en Eva is meest poëtisch). Weinig actie, behalve in de strijdtaferelen, de tweede helft is vooral verhalend
      • 4/5
        861 Paradise Lost, by John Milton (read 24 Jul 1966) I read this in full and felt it was good to have read it. From it I extracted one of my favorite sayings: "The mind is its own place, and in itselfCan make a Heav'n of Hell, a Hell of Heav'n." This is in Book I, line 253.
      • 4/5
        I expected to have more trouble reading Milton's Paradise Lost than I actually did, mostly because it's written in blank verse. As a matter of fact, that didn't matter much. It flows wonderfully and it's great to read aloud. The rhythms and the way the words were strung together were just lovely -- my synaesthesia just pretty much regarded it as a feast! I also enjoyed the classical sort of structure, which reminded me of the Aeneid.

        I didn't so much enjoy the characterisation of Eve or the angels, and it doesn't fit with my view of Christianity, but that didn't keep from enjoying reading it.
      • 5/5
        As this was my first epic read, I cannot profess to be well-trained as to the vastness of other works, but the beauty of this work lies in its broad overview of Scripture, character, and life. Not merely striking the main points of Eden, as I was expecting, but surveying large portions of history. It felt huge without being overly laborious to read.The wording was not nearly as stilted as I was lead to believe it would be, though at times the footnotes were indispensable--I am still rather ignorant of many of his references.A wonderful work that I hope to reread in time.
      • 5/5
        I read this many years ago and thought that it was actually a very fascinating read compared to other literature of its day. I loved the style and language in which it was written, and I think that makes me enjoy it all the more. I am sure that I will read it again very soon.
      • 5/5
        Certainly one of the best poems ever written in English!
      • 5/5
        This was very powerful. I am not the most religious person in the world, but I found the subject matter intensely interesting. The poetic beauty of Milton words captivated me throughout the course of the work. Sadly, I tried "Paradise Regained" but I did not get far into the read before I became disinterested. I guess we are fascinated more by evil than goodness. Sad. I may retry "Paradise Regained" but I fail to see how it can be as moving as "Paradise Lost."
      • 5/5
        This one definitely makes the short list of must reads. It's great poetry and I enjoyed the effect of its having originally been in English. It's also a great interpretation of the creation story; I observed a number of new ideas as well as some that I myself have posited and refuted. More than anything else I've read, Milton does a superb job of bringing out the essence of the situation, the passions that were felt, and the reason for each event.
      • 4/5
        We had read selections of this book in my AP Lit class in high school, but as always, selections don't tell the whole story. I love reading religious literature, and this being one of the most famous epic poems in that genre, I quite enjoyed it. As an interesting aside, I did, however, find Lucifer/Satan to be far more sympathetic than he comes across in the Bible. I don't know if this was intentional on Milton's part, or simply something that was a result of describing his motivations.
      • 5/5
        Don't care if it's blasphemy, Satan is awesome!!! He becomes a character that drives a much needed retelling of Genesis. Milton knew how to use his character and his words to create a book that was one of only two that would usually be found in anyone's house during the 18th and 19th century.
      • 5/5
        This epic poem is stunning; a magnificent read all the way. I loved it.
      • 5/5
        Read many years ago, but still amazes at every re-perusal. Shows that even for a person of Milton's erudition, devotion and great idealism Adam, Eve, and Satan are easier to portray than God. But his ardent and humble invocations of the divine Spirit did not , in my opinion, go completely unanswered!
      • 5/5
        Quite a read for a poet! My first journey with an epic poem in its entirety, and I thoroughly enjoyed it. Too many lines of good verses to name--phrases that inspired me for their deft command of language--and a great amount of passages that left me feeling triumphant. One of the simplest lines I liked the most, spoken to the Son: "Two days are therefore pass'd, the third is thine"; and a favorite passage, sung to the Creator: "Who seeks To lessen thee, against his purpose serves To manifest the more thy might: his evil Thou usest, and from thence creat'st more good."I was impressed with what creativity the characters' experiences and emotions were developed. Story-wise, my favorite character is the Son, the unmatched warrior amid all the hosts of heaven who compassionately serves as intercessor for fallen humankind. This classic presents a challenge to me, both as a poet and as a novelist.
      • 4/5
        I had dreaded taking a class on this but ended up absolutely loving the text. I didn't like my professor and his ideas so much, but found that the text stands on its own as excellent literature, which is something I can't say for Shakespeare.
      • 4/5
        Okay, I only read part of it, and it was for college. It was incredibly well written and entertaining. My only issue is the complete lack of biblical credibility. It's LOOSELY based on the three little chapters that it covers in the Bible and takes A LOT of artistic license. In doing so, it tells a few outright lies.

        I take comfort in that I doubt anyone takes their biblical knowledge from it.
      • 4/5
        I have been wanting/intending to read this for a long time. I don't think I was ever required to read it in school other than maybe some small excerpts. I've always enjoyed epic poetry like this and found Milton's imagery and language exceptional. On the down side, I was struck by his negative portrayal of Eve (Adam, of course, was pure as the driven snow until he ate the apple just to please her) and her exclusion from many of the scenes highlighted Milton's patriarchal bias.Aesthetically, this edition by the Folio Society is awesome. Blake's illustrations are magnificent and the layout and design of the edition is impressive. The choice of font and it's size makes it much easier for me to read then when I attempt to read a long poem like this stuffed into small print.
      • 3/5
        I wasn't exactly sure what I was getting myself into, but this telling of the creation and the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise was entertaining even though the writing was a bit different from what I am used to.I found it amusing that according to Milton Sin and Death were the offspring of Satan and that Chaos' consort is Night with Confusion and Discord along for the ride.The manner of using words as names for creatures was very inventive.Rarely, do I like Classics this old, but this one worked f or me.
      • 4/5
        I never would have picked this up on my own, but reading it for class gave me a real appreciation for all the effort Milton put in to composing this piece. It was fun to try to reconcile my own beliefs with what Milton puts forth as the narrative of the Fall(s), and after a while, I think I actually enjoyed reading it. Maybe. Or I just got used to it, at least.
      • 4/5
        I don't think anyone would say that Milton is an easy read, but it is worthwhile. The prose of Paradise Lost is some of the most beautiful in the English language.
      • 4/5
        Milton gets extra points for scope and ambition, but I have to admit that he tends toward the preachy (rather than allowing his characters to illustrate their own morals), plus some of his theology struck me as a bit simple-minded. That said, the descriptions of hell remain both beautiful and terrible -- unparalleled in the English language.
      • 4/5
        Another one of those freshman English assigments I cribbed my way through. When I reread it finally as an adult I was astonished. I returned to it because of Mike Carey's Lucifer and Steven Brust's To Reign in Hell, contemporary fantasy on the same themes. And I was surprised and delighted to find depth of character and excitement in a Stuffy Old Classic.
      • 3/5
        Even though I don't hold with religious belief, that didn't stop me from adoring Dante's Divine Comedy and I've loved Homer's epic poems. Yet I can't say that Milton's Paradise Lost spoke to me. Much of the poem felt repetitive and bloated with discourses on such matters as heliocentric theory. His recapitulation of Genesis is part plagiarism, part bizarre twisting. (Among other things, according to Milton, "God the Son" who would become Jesus was really the Creator.) Unlike Dante, who never lost the human even when dealing with the divine, in Paradise Lost so much is focused on God, Satan, and their angelic allies. Only Adam and Eve are human--and the depiction of Eve gave me no end of problems. And unlike others Milton is compared to such as Homer, Dante, Chaucer and Shakespeare, if Milton has a sense of humor, I completely missed it.I did recognize passages of beauty and grandeur in Paradise Lost, but rather disconcertingly they were almost always spoken by Satan. "The Mind is its own place and itself can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven." "Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven." Ironically, according to the introduction to the edition I read, Milton was himself a rebel. He supported Cromwell's republic which executed a anointed monarch and argued against censorship in his treatise Areopagitica. It seems incongruous that in Paradise Lost he seeks to "justify the ways of God to men" by making disobedience and a desire for knowledge the root of all evil. So maybe it's not that surprising that Romantics such as Shelley and Blake would see Satan as the hero of Milton's epic. Especially since Milton's God has all the hallmarks of a despot. Milton describes God as a "sov'reign King;" the purpose of angels and humans is to praise (flatter) him, he's arbitrary, capricious and rigid in his commands, jealous of his power, willing to sacrifice others for his ends and decrees "torture without end."I found it hard not to gag at the depiction of Eve from the start who says to Adam, "God is thy law, thou mine." It's not all negative. It's through Eve that Milton depicts humans arriving at self-awareness and Milton is sex positive. He insists the unFallen Adam and Eve had sex for instance and he supports marriage. But Milton emphasizes Eve's subordination, inferiority and centrality to the human tragedy throughout. Says Adam:Of Nature her the inferior, in the mindAnd inward faculties, which most excel;In outward also her resembling lessHis image who made both, and less expressingThe character of that dominion givenO'er other creatures. God sends a warning through the Angel Raphael to Adam--not Eve--merely telling him "to warn thy weaker." Eve succumbs because of flattery and vanity. Adam disobeys God out of love, joining her in sin because he fears otherwise they'd be divided. So woman is weak in herself--man only if and when he's weakened by woman. "Sin" is also female with parallels to Eve--a grotesque demoness who is the daughter of Satan and through an incestuous union with him the mother of Death. Both Sin and Eve are in league with Satan and bring death into creation.Unlike the case with Homer, I can't blame an initial negative reaction to Milton as the result of being forced to read him in school, a lack of maturity or a bad translation. Milton wrote in English and I've read Paradise Lost only recently for the first time. However, Milton greatly influenced the Romantic poets and even how many Christians see the story of Adam and Eve and Satan. Because of that I'm glad I read the poem and do encourage others to read it. Besides the glints of beauty, many of Milton's religious views are, well, unique. The glimpse of his political views are interesting too--almost libertarian.He gave us only over Beast, Fish, FowlDominion absolute; that right we holdBy his donation; but Man over menHe made not Lord; such title to himselfReserving, human left from human free.Nevertheless, unlike Homer or Dante, I can't by any means see Paradise Lost as a favorite or a work I'd ever reread nor am I tempted to read the sequel, Paradise Regained.
      • 3/5
        A 17th century epic of the Genesis account with references to classical mythology throughout. From the beginning formations of the earth to the design of paradise to the creation of Adam and Eve to the Fall. The idea behind the verse is that paradise is lost but hope still remains through Christ who will save the offspring of our first parents who sinned. Adam is shown a vision when his hope is diminished that encompasses all of humanity from Noah to Abraham to Joseph of Egypt to David and up through Christ’s birth and death. The world is corrupt but there is hope for all in the end. Very difficult but interesting to read; there are notes to help through all the references to the mythology and other passages that we today are unfamiliar with.
      • 2/5
        I read this in college and really enjoyed it. But, I think that was because I had a wonderful professor who loved Milton and her energy was infectious. Reading it now, I found it very misogynistic. The poetry was beautiful and I enjoyed the metaphors, but I couldn't take Milton's contempt against women very easily. Oh well, I guess I won't be continuing on with Paradise Regained.

      Book preview

      Paradise Lost - John Milton

      Questions

      BOOK I.

      Of Mans First Disobedience, and the Fruit

        Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tast

        Brought Death into the World, and all our woe,

        With loss of EDEN, till one greater Man

        Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat,

        Sing Heav'nly Muse, that on the secret top

        Of OREB, or of SINAI, didst inspire

        That Shepherd, who first taught the chosen Seed,

        In the Beginning how the Heav'ns and Earth

        Rose out of CHAOS: Or if SION Hill

        Delight thee more, and SILOA'S Brook that flow'd

        Fast by the Oracle of God; I thence

        Invoke thy aid to my adventrous Song,

        That with no middle flight intends to soar

        Above th' AONIAN Mount, while it pursues

        Things unattempted yet in Prose or Rhime.

        And chiefly Thou O Spirit, that dost prefer

        Before all Temples th' upright heart and pure,

        Instruct me, for Thou know'st; Thou from the first

        Wast present, and with mighty wings outspread

        Dove-like satst brooding on the vast Abyss

        And mad'st it pregnant: What in me is dark

        Illumine, what is low raise and support;

        That to the highth of this great Argument

        I may assert th' Eternal Providence,

        And justifie the wayes of God to men.

          Say first, for Heav'n hides nothing from thy view

        Nor the deep Tract of Hell, say first what cause

        Mov'd our Grand Parents in that happy State,

        Favour'd of Heav'n so highly, to fall off

        From their Creator, and transgress his Will

        For one restraint, Lords of the World besides?

        Who first seduc'd them to that fowl revolt?

        Th' infernal Serpent; he it was, whose guile

        Stird up with Envy and Revenge, deceiv'd

        The Mother of Mankinde, what time his Pride

        Had cast him out from Heav'n, with all his Host

        Of Rebel Angels, by whose aid aspiring

        To set himself in Glory above his Peers,

        He trusted to have equal'd the most High,

        If he oppos'd; and with ambitious aim

        Against the Throne and Monarchy of God

        Rais'd impious War in Heav'n and Battel proud

        With vain attempt. Him the Almighty Power

        Hurld headlong flaming from th' Ethereal Skie

        With hideous ruine and combustion down

        To bottomless perdition, there to dwell

        In Adamantine Chains and penal Fire,

        Who durst defie th' Omnipotent to Arms.

        Nine times the Space that measures Day and Night

        To mortal men, he with his horrid crew

        Lay vanquisht, rowling in the fiery Gulfe

        Confounded though immortal: But his doom

        Reserv'd him to more wrath; for now the thought

        Both of lost happiness and lasting pain

        Torments him; round he throws his baleful eyes

        That witness'd huge affliction and dismay

        Mixt with obdurate pride and stedfast hate:

        At once as far as Angels kenn he views

        The dismal Situation waste and wilde,

        A Dungeon horrible, on all sides round

        As one great Furnace flam'd, yet from those flames

        No light, but rather darkness visible

        Serv'd only to discover sights of woe,

        Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace

        And rest can never dwell, hope never comes

        That comes to all; but torture without end

        Still urges, and a fiery Deluge, fed

        With ever-burning Sulphur unconsum'd:

        Such place Eternal Justice had prepar'd

        For those rebellious, here their Prison ordain'd

        In utter darkness, and their portion set

        As far remov'd from God and light of Heav'n

        As from the Center thrice to th' utmost Pole.

        O how unlike the place from whence they fell!

        There the companions of his fall, o'rewhelm'd

        With Floods and Whirlwinds of tempestuous fire,

        He soon discerns, and weltring by his side

        One next himself in power, and next in crime,

        Long after known in PALESTINE, and nam'd

        BEELZEBUB. To whom th' Arch-Enemy,

        And thence in Heav'n call'd Satan, with bold words

        Breaking the horrid silence thus began.

          If thou beest he; But O how fall'n! how chang'd

        From him, who in the happy Realms of Light

        Cloth'd with transcendent brightnes didst outshine

        Myriads though bright: If he whom mutual league,

        United thoughts and counsels, equal hope,

        And hazard in the Glorious Enterprize,

        Joynd with me once, now misery hath joynd

        In equal ruin: into what Pit thou seest

        From what highth fal'n, so much the stronger provd

        He with his Thunder: and till then who knew

        The force of those dire Arms? yet not for those

        Nor what the Potent Victor in his rage

        Can else inflict do I repent or change,

        Though chang'd in outward lustre; that fixt mind

        And high disdain, from sence of injur'd merit,

        That with the mightiest rais'd me to contend,

        And to the fierce contention brought along

        Innumerable force of Spirits arm'd

        That durst dislike his reign, and me preferring,

        His utmost power with adverse power oppos'd

        In dubious Battel on the Plains of Heav'n,

        And shook his throne. What though the field be lost?

        All is not lost; the unconquerable Will,

        And study of revenge, immortal hate,

        And courage never to submit or yield:

        And what is else not to be overcome?

        That Glory never shall his wrath or might

        Extort from me. To bow and sue for grace

        With suppliant knee, and deifie his power

        Who from the terrour of this Arm so late

        Doubted his Empire, that were low indeed,

        That were an ignominy and shame beneath

        This downfall; since by Fate the strength of Gods

        And this Empyreal substance cannot fail,

        Since through experience of this great event

        In Arms not worse, in foresight much advanc't,

        We may with more successful hope resolve

        To wage by force or guile eternal Warr

        Irreconcileable, to our grand Foe,

        Who now triumphs, and in th' excess of joy

        Sole reigning holds the Tyranny of Heav'n.

          So spake th' Apostate Angel, though in pain,

        Vaunting aloud, but rackt with deep despare:

        And him thus answer'd soon his bold Compeer.

          O Prince, O Chief of many Throned Powers,

        That led th' imbattelld Seraphim to Warr

        Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds

        Fearless, endanger'd Heav'ns perpetual King;

        And put to proof his high Supremacy,

        Whether upheld by strength, or Chance, or Fate,

        Too well I see and rue the dire event,

        That with sad overthrow and foul defeat

        Hath lost us Heav'n, and all this mighty Host

        In horrible destruction laid thus low,

        As far as Gods and Heav'nly Essences

        Can Perish: for the mind and spirit remains

        Invincible, and vigour soon returns,

        Though all our Glory extinct, and happy state

        Here swallow'd up in endless misery.

        But what if he our Conquerour, (whom I now

        Of force believe Almighty, since no less

        Then such could hav orepow'rd such force as ours)

        Have left us this our spirit and strength intire

        Strongly to suffer and support our pains,

        That we may so suffice his vengeful ire,

        Or do him mightier service as his thralls

        By right of Warr, what e're his business be

        Here in the heart of Hell to work in Fire,

        Or do his Errands in the gloomy Deep;

        What can it then avail though yet we feel

        Strength undiminisht, or eternal being

        To undergo eternal punishment?

        Whereto with speedy words th' Arch-fiend reply'd.

          Fall'n Cherube, to be weak is miserable

        Doing or Suffering: but of this be sure,

        To do ought good never will be our task,

        But ever to do ill our sole delight,

        As being the contrary to his high will

        Whom we resist. If then his Providence

        Out of our evil seek to bring forth good,

        Our labour must be to pervert that end,

        And out of good still to find means of evil;

        Which oft times may succeed, so as perhaps

        Shall grieve him, if I fail not, and disturb

        His inmost counsels from their destind aim.

        But see the angry Victor hath recall'd

        His Ministers of vengeance and pursuit

        Back to the Gates of Heav'n: The Sulphurous Hail

        Shot after us in storm, oreblown hath laid

        The fiery Surge, that from the Precipice

        Of Heav'n receiv'd us falling, and the Thunder,

        Wing'd with red Lightning and impetuous rage,

        Perhaps hath spent his shafts, and ceases now

        To bellow through the vast and boundless Deep.

        Let us not slip th' occasion, whether scorn,

        Or satiate fury yield it from our Foe.

        Seest thou yon dreary Plain, forlorn and wilde,

        The seat of desolation, voyd of light,

        Save what the glimmering of these livid flames

        Casts pale and dreadful? Thither let us tend

        From off the tossing of these fiery waves,

        There rest, if any rest can harbour there,

        And reassembling our afflicted Powers,

        Consult how we may henceforth most offend

        Our Enemy, our own loss how repair,

        How overcome this dire Calamity,

        What reinforcement we may gain from Hope,

        If not what resolution from despare.

          Thus Satan talking to his neerest Mate

        With Head up-lift above the wave, and Eyes

        That sparkling blaz'd, his other Parts besides

        Prone on the Flood, extended long and large

        Lay floating many a rood, in bulk as huge

        As whom the Fables name of monstrous size,

        TITANIAN, or EARTH-BORN, that warr'd on JOVE,

        BRIARIOS or TYPHON, whom the Den

        By ancient TARSUS held, or that Sea-beast

        LEVIATHAN, which God of all his works

        Created hugest that swim th' Ocean stream:

        Him haply slumbring on the NORWAY foam

        The Pilot of some small night-founder'd Skiff,

        Deeming some Island, oft, as Sea-men tell,

        With fixed Anchor in his skaly rind

        Moors by his side under the Lee, while Night

        Invests the Sea, and wished Morn delayes:

        So stretcht out huge in length the Arch-fiend lay

        Chain'd on the burning Lake, nor ever thence

        Had ris'n or heav'd his head, but that the will

        And high permission of all-ruling Heaven

        Left him at large to his own dark designs,

        That with reiterated crimes he might

        Heap on himself damnation, while he sought

        Evil to others, and enrag'd might see

        How all his malice serv'd but to bring forth

        Infinite goodness, grace and mercy shewn

        On Man by him seduc't, but on himself

        Treble confusion, wrath and vengeance pour'd.

        Forthwith upright he rears from off the Pool

        His mighty Stature; on each hand the flames

        Drivn backward slope their pointing spires, & rowld

        In billows, leave i'th' midst a horrid Vale.

        Then with expanded wings he stears his flight

        Aloft, incumbent on the dusky Air

        That felt unusual weight, till on dry Land

        He lights, if it were Land that ever burn'd

        With solid, as the Lake with liquid fire;

        And such appear'd in hue, as when the force

        Of subterranean wind transports a Hill

        Torn from PELORUS, or the shatter'd side

        Of thundring AETNA, whose combustible

        And fewel'd entrals thence conceiving Fire,

        Sublim'd with Mineral fury, aid the Winds,

        And leave a singed bottom all involv'd

        With stench and smoak: Such resting found the sole

        Of unblest feet. Him followed his next Mate,

        Both glorying to have scap't the STYGIAN flood

        As Gods, and by their own recover'd strength,

        Not by the sufferance of supernal Power.

          Is this the Region, this the Soil, the Clime,

        Said then the lost Arch Angel, this the seat

        That we must change for Heav'n, this mournful gloom

        For that celestial light? Be it so, since hee

        Who now is Sovran can dispose and bid

        What shall be right: fardest from him is best

        Whom reason hath equald, force hath made supream

        Above his equals. Farewel happy Fields

        Where Joy for ever dwells: Hail horrours, hail

        Infernal world, and thou profoundest Hell

        Receive thy new Possessor: One who brings

        A mind not to be chang'd by Place or Time.

        The mind is its own place, and in it self

        Can make a Heav'n of Hell, a Hell of Heav'n.

        What matter where, if I be still the same,

        And what I should be, all but less then hee

        Whom Thunder hath made greater? Here at least

        We shall be free; th' Almighty hath not built

        Here for his envy, will not drive us hence:

        Here we may reign secure, and in my choyce

        To reign is worth ambition though in Hell:

        Better to reign in Hell, then serve in Heav'n.

        But wherefore let we then our faithful friends,

        Th' associates and copartners of our loss

        Lye thus astonisht on th' oblivious Pool,

        And call them not to share with us their part

        In this unhappy Mansion, or once more

        With rallied Arms to try what may be yet

        Regaind in Heav'n, or what more lost in Hell?

          So SATAN spake, and him BEELZEBUB

        Thus answer'd. Leader of those Armies bright,

        Which but th' Omnipotent none could have foyld,

        If once they hear that voyce, their liveliest pledge

        Of hope in fears and dangers, heard so oft

        In worst extreams, and on the perilous edge

        Of battel when it rag'd, in all assaults

        Their surest signal, they will soon resume

        New courage and revive, though now they lye

        Groveling and prostrate on yon Lake of Fire,

        As we erewhile, astounded and amaz'd,

        No wonder, fall'n such a pernicious highth.

          He scarce had ceas't when the superiour Fiend

        Was moving toward the shore; his ponderous shield

        Ethereal temper, massy, large and round,

        Behind him cast; the broad circumference

        Hung on his shoulders like the Moon, whose Orb

        Through Optic Glass the TUSCAN Artist views

        At Ev'ning from the top of FESOLE,

        Or in VALDARNO, to descry new Lands,

        Rivers or Mountains in her spotty Globe.

        His Spear, to equal which the tallest Pine

        Hewn on NORWEGIAN hills, to be the Mast

        Of some great Ammiral, were but a wand,

        He walkt with to support uneasie steps

        Over the burning Marle, not like those steps

        On Heavens Azure, and the torrid Clime

        Smote on him sore besides, vaulted with Fire;

        Nathless he so endur'd, till on the Beach

        Of that inflamed Sea, he stood and call'd

        His Legions, Angel Forms, who lay intrans't

        Thick as Autumnal Leaves that strow the Brooks

        In VALLOMBROSA, where th' ETRURIAN shades

        High overarch't imbowr; or scatterd sedge

        Afloat, when with fierce Winds ORION arm'd

        Hath vext the Red-Sea Coast, whose waves orethrew

        BUSIRIS and his MEMPHIAN Chivalrie,

        VVhile with perfidious hatred they pursu'd

        The Sojourners of GOSHEN, who beheld

        From the safe shore their floating Carkases

        And broken Chariot Wheels, so thick bestrown

        Abject and lost lay these, covering the Flood,

        Under amazement of their hideous change.

        He call'd so loud, that all the hollow Deep

        Of Hell resounded. Princes, Potentates,

        Warriers, the Flowr of Heav'n, once yours, now lost,

        If such astonishment as this can sieze

        Eternal spirits; or have ye chos'n this place

        After the toyl of Battel to repose

        Your wearied vertue, for the ease you find

        To slumber here, as in the Vales of Heav'n?

        Or in this abject posture have ye sworn

        To adore the Conquerour? who now beholds

        Cherube and Seraph rowling in the Flood

        With scatter'd Arms and Ensigns, till anon

        His swift pursuers from Heav'n Gates discern

        Th' advantage, and descending tread us down

        Thus drooping, or with linked Thunderbolts

        Transfix us to the bottom of this Gulfe.

        Awake, arise, or be for ever fall'n.

          They heard, and were abasht, and up they sprung

        Upon the wing, as when men wont to watch

        On duty, sleeping found by whom they dread,

        Rouse and bestir themselves ere well awake.

        Nor did they not perceave the evil plight

        In which they were, or the fierce pains not feel;

        Yet to their Generals Voyce they soon obeyd

        Innumerable. As when the potent Rod

        Of AMRAMS Son in EGYPTS evill day

        Wav'd round the Coast, up call'd a pitchy cloud

        Of LOCUSTS, warping on the Eastern Wind,

        That ore the Realm of impious PHAROAH hung

        Like Night, and darken'd all the Land of NILE:

        So numberless were those bad Angels seen

        Hovering on wing under the Cope of Hell

        'Twixt upper, nether, and surrounding Fires;

        Till, as a signal giv'n, th' uplifted Spear

        Of their great Sultan waving to direct

        Thir course, in even ballance down they light

        On the firm brimstone, and fill all the Plain;

        A multitude, like which the populous North

        Pour'd never from her frozen loyns, to pass

        RHENE or the DANAW, when her barbarous Sons

        Came like a Deluge on the South, and spread

        Beneath GIBRALTAR to the LYBIAN sands.

        Forthwith from every Squadron and each Band

        The Heads and Leaders thither hast where stood

        Their great Commander; Godlike shapes and forms

        Excelling human, Princely Dignities,

        And Powers that earst in Heaven sat on Thrones;

        Though of their Names in heav'nly Records now

        Be no memorial, blotted out and ras'd

        By thir Rebellion, from the Books of Life.

        Nor had they yet among the Sons of EVE

        Got them new Names, till wandring ore the Earth,

        Through Gods high sufferance for the tryal of man,

        By falsities and lyes the greatest part

        Of Mankind they corrupted to forsake

        God their Creator, and th' invisible

        Glory of him, that made them, to transform

        Oft to the Image of a Brute, adorn'd

        With gay Religions full of Pomp and Gold,

        And Devils to adore for Deities:

        Then were they known to men by various Names,

        And various Idols through the Heathen World.

        Say, Muse, their Names then known, who first, who last,

        Rous'd from the slumber, on that fiery Couch,

        At thir great Emperors call, as next in worth

        Came singly where he stood on the bare strand,

        While the promiscuous croud stood yet aloof?

        The chief were those who from the Pit of Hell

        Roaming to seek their prey on earth, durst fix

        Their Seats long after next the Seat of God,

        Their Altars by his Altar, Gods ador'd

        Among the Nations round, and durst abide

        JEHOVAH thundring out of SION, thron'd

        Between the Cherubim; yea, often plac'd

        Within his Sanctuary it self their Shrines,

        Abominations; and with cursed things

        His holy Rites, and solemn Feasts profan'd,

        And with their darkness durst affront his light.

        First MOLOCH, horrid King besmear'd with blood

        Of human sacrifice, and parents tears,

        Though for the noyse of Drums and Timbrels loud

        Their childrens cries unheard, that past through fire

        To his grim Idol. Him the AMMONITE

        Worshipt in RABBA and her watry Plain,

        In ARGOB and in BASAN, to the stream

        Of utmost ARNON. Nor content with such

        Audacious neighbourhood, the wisest heart

        Of SOLOMON he led by fraud to build

        His Temple right against the Temple of God

        On that opprobrious Hill, and made his Grove

        The pleasant Vally of HINNOM, TOPHET thence

        And black GEHENNA call'd, the Type of Hell.

        Next CHEMOS, th' obscene dread of MOABS Sons,

        From AROER to NEBO, and the wild

        Of Southmost ABARIM; in HESEBON

        And HERONAIM, SEONS Realm, beyond

        The flowry Dale of SIBMA clad with Vines,

        And ELEALE to th' ASPHALTICK Pool.

        PEOR his other Name, when he entic'd

        ISRAEL in SITTIM on their march from NILE

        To do him wanton rites, which cost them woe.

        Yet thence his lustful Orgies he enlarg'd

        Even to that Hill of scandal, by the Grove

        Of MOLOCH homicide, lust hard by hate;

        Till good JOSIAH drove them thence to Hell.

        With these came they, who from the bordring flood

        Of old EUPHRATES to the Brook that parts

        EGYPT from SYRIAN ground, had general Names

        Of BAALIM and ASHTAROTH, those male,

        These Feminine. For Spirits when they please

        Can either Sex assume, or both; so soft

        And uncompounded is their Essence pure,

        Not ti'd or manacl'd with joynt or limb,

        Nor founded on the brittle strength of bones,

        Like cumbrous flesh; but in what shape they choose

        Dilated or condens't, bright or obscure,

        Can execute their aerie purposes,

        And works of love or enmity fulfill.

        For those the Race of ISRAEL oft forsook

        Their living strength, and unfrequented left

        His righteous Altar, bowing lowly down

        To bestial Gods; for which their heads as low

        Bow'd down in Battel, sunk before the Spear

        Of despicable foes. With these in troop

        Came ASTORETH, whom the PHOENICIANS call'd

        ASTARTE, Queen of Heav'n, with crescent Horns;

        To whose bright Image nightly by the Moon

        SIDONIAN Virgins paid their Vows and Songs,

        In SION also not unsung, where stood

        Her Temple on th' offensive Mountain, built

        By that uxorious King, whose heart though large,

        Beguil'd by fair Idolatresses, fell

        To Idols foul. THAMMUZ came next behind,

        Whose annual wound in LEBANON allur'd

        The SYRIAN Damsels to lament his fate

        In amorous dittyes all a Summers day,

        While smooth ADONIS from his native Rock

        Ran purple to the Sea, suppos'd with blood

        Of THAMMUZ yearly wounded: the Love-tale

        Infected SIONS daughters with like heat,

        Whose wanton passions in the sacred Porch

        EZEKIEL saw, when by the Vision led

        His eye survay'd the dark Idolatries

        Of alienated JUDAH. Next came one

        Who mourn'd in earnest, when the Captive Ark

        Maim'd his brute Image, head and hands lopt off

        In his own Temple, on the grunsel edge,

        Where he fell flat, and sham'd his Worshipers:

        DAGON his Name, Sea Monster, upward Man

        And downward Fish: yet had his Temple high

        Rear'd in AZOTUS, dreaded through the Coast

        Of PALESTINE, in GATH and ASCALON,

        And ACCARON and GAZA's frontier bounds.

        Him follow'd RIMMON, whose delightful Seat

        Was fair DAMASCUS, on the fertil Banks

        Of ABBANA and PHARPHAR, lucid streams.

        He also against the house of God was bold:

        A Leper once he lost and gain'd a King,

        AHAZ his sottish Conquerour, whom he drew

        Gods Altar to disparage and displace

        For one of SYRIAN mode, whereon to burn

        His odious offrings, and adore the Gods

        Whom he had vanquisht. After these appear'd

        A crew who under Names of old Renown,

        OSIRIS, ISIS, ORUS and their Train

        With monstrous shapes and sorceries abus'd

        Fanatic EGYPT and her Priests, to seek

        Thir wandring Gods disguis'd in brutish forms

        Rather then human. Nor did ISRAEL scape

        Th' infection when their borrow'd Gold compos'd

        The Calf in OREB: and the Rebel King

        Doubl'd that sin in BETHEL and in DAN,

        Lik'ning his Maker to the Grazed Ox,

        JEHOVAH, who in one Night when he pass'd

        From EGYPT marching, equal'd with one stroke

        Both her first born and all her bleating Gods.

        BELIAL came last, then whom a Spirit more lewd

        Fell not from Heaven, or more gross to love

        Vice for it self: To him no Temple stood

        Or Altar smoak'd; yet who more oft then hee

        In Temples and at Altars, when the Priest

        Turns Atheist, as did ELY'S Sons, who fill'd

        With lust and violence the house of God.

        In Courts and Palaces he also Reigns

        And in luxurious Cities, where the noyse

        Of riot ascends above thir loftiest Towrs,

        And injury and outrage: And when Night

        Darkens the Streets, then wander forth the Sons

        Of BELIAL, flown with insolence and wine.

        Witness the Streets of SODOM, and that night

        In GIBEAH, when hospitable Dores

        Yielded thir Matrons to prevent worse rape.

        These were the prime in order and in might;

        The rest were long to tell, though far renown'd,

        Th' IONIAN Gods, of JAVANS Issue held

        Gods, yet confest later then Heav'n and Earth

        Thir boasted Parents; TITAN Heav'ns first born

        With his enormous brood, and birthright seis'd

        By younger SATURN, he from mightier JOVE

        His own and RHEA'S Son like measure found;

        So JOVE usurping reign'd: these first in CREET

        And IDA known, thence on the Snowy top

        Of cold OLYMPUS rul'd the middle Air

        Thir highest Heav'n; or on the DELPHIAN Cliff,

        Or in DODONA, and through all the bounds

        Of DORIC Land; or who with SATURN old

        Fled over ADRIA to th' HESPERIAN Fields,

        And ore the CELTIC roam'd the utmost Isles.

        All these and more came flocking; but with looks

        Down cast and damp, yet such wherein appear'd

        Obscure som glimps of joy, to have found thir chief

        Not in despair, to have found themselves not lost

        In loss it self; which on his count'nance cast

        Like doubtful hue: but he his wonted pride

        Soon recollecting, with high words, that bore

        Semblance of worth not substance, gently rais'd

        Their fainted courage, and dispel'd their fears.

        Then strait commands that at the warlike sound

        Of Trumpets loud and Clarions be upreard

        His mighty Standard; that proud honour claim'd

        AZAZEL as his right, a Cherube tall:

        Who forthwith from the glittering Staff unfurld

        Th' Imperial Ensign, which full high advanc't

        Shon like a Meteor streaming to the Wind

        With Gemms and Golden lustre rich imblaz'd,

        Seraphic arms and Trophies: all the while

        Sonorous mettal blowing Martial sounds:

        At which the universal Host upsent

        A shout that tore Hells Concave, and beyond

        Frighted the Reign of CHAOS and old Night.

        All in a moment through the gloom were seen

        Ten thousand Banners rise into the Air

        With Orient Colours waving: with them rose

        A Forrest huge of Spears: and thronging Helms

        Appear'd, and serried Shields in thick array

        Of depth immeasurable: Anon they move

        In perfect PHALANX to the Dorian mood

        Of Flutes and soft Recorders; such as rais'd

        To highth of noblest temper Hero's old

        Arming to Battel, and in stead of rage

        Deliberate valour breath'd, firm and unmov'd

        With dread of death to flight or foul retreat,

        Nor wanting power to mitigate and swage

        With solemn touches, troubl'd thoughts, and chase

        Anguish and doubt and fear and sorrow and pain

        From mortal or immortal minds. Thus they

        Breathing united force with fixed thought

        Mov'd on in silence to soft Pipes that charm'd

        Thir painful steps o're the burnt soyle; and now

        Advanc't in view

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