The Split History of the D-Day Invasion: A Perspectives Flip Book
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About this ebook
Michael Burgan
Michael Burgan has written more than 250 books for children and young adults. His specialty is history, with an emphasis on biography. A graduate of the University of Connecticut with a degree in history, Burgan is also a produced playwright and the editor of The Biographer’s Craft, the newsletter for Biographers International Organization. He first started writing for children as an editor at Weekly Reader before beginning his freelance career in 1994. He lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
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The Split History of the D-Day Invasion - Michael Burgan
COVER
CHAPTER 1
PLANNING AN INVASION
With a storm tossing the seas, a tiny British submarine came to the water’s surface off the coast of Normandy, France. It was late evening on June 5, 1944, and the minisub’s five-man crew was tuning its radio to receive a coded message. The sub, called X23, was so small that the men had to take turns sleeping in its two bunks. They also worried if the bottles of oxygen that helped keep them alive would last until they completed their mission. The sailors waited to hear if they were going to take part in the largest amphibious assault ever attempted.
The captain of an X-class minisub stands on deck giving orders to the crew just three weeks before the D-Day invasion. Minisubs played a key role in the attack.
The radio message came through; the attack was on. X23 returned below the water’s surface to avoid being detected by German ships or soldiers on land.
In the late 1930s, Germany had invaded large parts of Europe, including France. The amphibious assault planned for Normandy was designed to push the Germans out of the lands they had conquered and bring an end to World War II (1939–1945).
The crew of X23 and another British minisub waited throughout the night. They had orders to surface again early on the morning of June 6. At that time, they would help guide British troops and tanks ashore, playing a key role in what the world knows today as D-Day.
A DREAM OF CONQUEST
World War II had started with Germany’s invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939. German Chancellor Adolf Hitler had several goals in mind when he sent troops there and into other European countries. First, he wanted to make Germany the most powerful country in Europe. He also wanted to take back lands that Germany had been forced to give up after losing World War I (1914–1918). Hitler also wanted to rule over people who he considered inferior to Germans, such as the Poles. He believed Germans were superior to most other people and had a right to deny those people even their basic human rights. He particularly hated Jews, and anti-Semitism fueled many of his government’s actions. Shortly after Hitler’s Nazi Party came to power in Germany in 1933, they passed laws that limited the freedom of Germany’s Jewish citizens. Some were sent to prisons called concentration camps. As he conquered countries across Europe, Hitler sent millions of European Jews to these camps. Some of the camps were death camps.
By the time World War II ended, the Germans had killed more than 6 million Jews—two-thirds of the entire Jewish population in Europe at the time.
Prisoners at concentration camps were given very little to eat. Two men in front are holding up a friend who is too weak to stand on his own.
Hitler also imprisoned non-Jewish people across Europe. Some were his political opponents. Others were from religious groups he didn’t like. And some were imprisoned simply because they were physically or mentally disabled.
Great Britain and France declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939. These and other nations that fought Germany were called the Allies. The Soviet Union joined the Allies in June 1941. Germany and the countries that supported it, including Italy and Japan, were known as the Axis Powers.
At first, the United States did not send troops to the war front. After World War I, many Americans did not want to take part in another European war.