The Golden Ass

THE GOLDEN ASSE BY LUCIUS APULEIUS AFRICANUS

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Plato, Complete Dialogues, translated by Jowett

The Architecture of Vitruvius

Cookery and Dining in Imperial Rome by Apicius

The Geography of Strabo

Letters of Pliny

A Selection of the Discourses of Epictetus

On the Sublime by Longinus

Treatises on Friendship and Old Age by Cicero

Thoughts of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius

The Golden Ass by Apuleius

The Golden Sayings of Epictetus

Of the Nature of Things by Lucretius

Ovid's Metamorphoses

Plutarch's Morals

Plutarch's Essays

Lives of the Poets by Suetonius

Five comedies by Plautus

Comedies by Terence

The True History by Lucian

Satyricon by Petronius

Roman Women by Brittain

Daphnis and Chloe by Longus

Aristophanes all 11 comedies

Aeschylus 7 plays

Sophocles 7 plays

Euripides 10 plays

The Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius

Virgil's Aeneid translated by William Morris

Homeric Hymns

Homer's Iliad in prose translated by Andrew Lang

Homer's Iliad in verse translated by Alexander Pope

Homer's Odyssey in prose translated by Samuel Butler

Homer's Odyssey in verse translated by Alexander Pope

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Translated by William Adlington

First published 1566 This version as reprinted from the edition of 1639.

DEDICATION

THE FIRST BOOKE

THE FIRST CHAPTER - How Apuleius riding in Thessaly, fortuned to fall into company with two strangers, that reasoned together of the mighty power of Witches.

THE SECOND CHAPTER -  How Apuleius told to the strangers, what he saw a jugler do in Athens.

THE THIRD CHAPTER -  How Socrates in his returne from Macedony to Larissa was spoyled and robbed, and how he fell acquainted with one Meroe a Witch.

THE FOURTH CHAPTER -  How Meroe the Witch turned divers persons into miserable beasts.

THE FIFTH CHAPTER -  How Socrates and Aristomenus slept together in one Chamber, and how they were handled by Witches.

THE SIXTH CHAPTER - How Apuleius came unto a city named Hipate, and was lodged in one Milos house, and brought him letters from one Demeas of Corinth.

THE SEVENTH CHAPTER - How Apuleius going to buy fish, met with his companion Pythias.

THE SECOND BOOKE

THE EIGHTH CHAPTER - How Apuleius fortuned to meet with his Cousin Byrrhena.

THE NINTH CHAPTER -  How Apuleius fell in love with Fotis.

THE TENTH CHAPTER -  How Byrrhena sent victuals unto Apuleius, and how hee talked with Milo of Diophanes, and how he lay with Fotis.

THE ELEVENTH CHAPTER -  How Apuleius supped with Byrrhena, and what a strange tale Bellephoron told at the table

THE THIRD BOOKE

THE TWELFTH CHAPTER -  How Apuleius was taken and put in prison for murther.

THE THIRTEENTH CHAPTER -  How Apuleius was accused by an  old man, and how he answered for himselfe.

THE FOURTEENTH CHAPTER -  How Apuleius was accused by two women, and how the slaine bodies were found blowne bladders.

THE FIFTEENTH CHAPTER -  How Fotis told to Apuleius, what witchcraft her mistresse did use.

THE SIXTEENTH CHAPTER -  How Fotis brought Apuleius to see her Mistresse enchant.

THE SEVENTEENTH CHAPTER -  How Apuleius thinking to be turned into a Bird, was turned into an Asse, and how he was led away by Theves.

THE FOURTH BOOKE

THE EIGHTEENTH CHAPTER - How Apuleius thinking to eat Roses, was cruelly beaten by a Gardener, and chased by dogs

THE NINETEENTH CHAPTER -  How Apuleius was prevented of his purpose, and how the Theeves came to their den.

THE TWENTIETH CHAPTER -  How Thrasileon was disguised in a Beares skin, and how he was handled.

THE TWENTY-FIRST CHAPTER -  How the Theeves stole away a Gentlewoman, and brought her to their den.

THE TWENTY-SECOND CHAPTER -  The most pleasant and delectable tale of the marriage of Cupid and Psyches.

THE SIXTH BOOKE

THE TWENTY-THIRD CHAPTER -  How Apuleius carried away the Gentlewoman, and how they were taken againe by the theeves, and what a kind of death was invented for them.

THE TWENTY-FOURTH CHAPTER -  How hee that was left behinde at Hippata did bring newes concerning the robbery of Miloes house, came home and declared to his Company, that all the fault was laid to one Apuleius his charge.

THE TWENTY-FIFTH CHAPTER -  How the death of the Asse, and the Gentlewoman was stayed.

THE TWENTY-SIXTH CHAPTER - How all the Theeves were brought asleepe by their new companion.

THE TWENTY-SEVENTH CHAPTER - How the Gentlewoman was carried home by her husband while the theeves were asleepe, and how much Apuleius was made of.

THE TWENTY-EIGHTH CHAPTER -  How Apuleius was made a common Asse to fetch home wood, and how he was handled by a boy.

THE TWENTY-NINTH CHAPTER - How Apuleius was accused of Lechery by the boy.

THE THIRTIETH CHAPTER -  How the boy that lead Apuleius to the field, was slaine in the wood.

THE THIRTY-FIRST CHAPTER - How Apuleius was cruelly beaten by the Mother of the boy that was slaine.

THE EIGHTH BOOKE

THE THIRTY-SECOND CHAPTER -  How a young man came and declared the miserable death of Lepolemus and his wife Charites.

THE THIRTY-THIRD CHAPTER -  How Apuleius was lead away by the Horsekeeper : and what danger he was in.

THE THIRTY-FOURTH CHAPTER -  How the shepheards determined to abide in a certaine wood to cure their wounds.

THE THIRTY-FIFTH CHAPTER -  How a woman killed her selfe and her child, because her husband haunted harlots.

THE THIRTY-SIXTH CHAPTER -  How Apuleius was cheapned by divers persons, and how they looked in his mouth to know his age.

THE THIRTY-SEVENTH CHAPTER -  How Apuleius saved himselfe from the Cooke, breaking his halter, and of other things that happened.

THE THIRTY-EIGHTH CHAPTER -  Of the deceipt of a Woman which made her husband Cuckold.

THE THIRTY-NINTH CHAPTER - How the Priests of the goddesse Siria were taken and put in prison, and how Apuleius was sold to a Baker.

THE FORTIETH CHAPTER -  How Apuleius was handled by the Bakers wife, which was a harlot.

THE FORTY-FIRST CHAPTER - How Barbarus being jealous over his wife, commanded that shee should be kept close in his house, and what happened.

THE FORTY-SECOND CHAPTER -  How Apuleius after the Baker was hanged, was sold to a Gardener, and what dreadfull things happened.

THE FORTY-THIRD CHAPTER - How Apuleius was found by his shadow.

THE FORTY-FOURTH CHAPTER -  How the souldier drave Apuleius away, and how he came to a Captaines house, and what happened there.

THE FORTY-FIFTH CHAPTER -  How Apuleius was sold to two brethren, whereof one was a Baker, and the other a Cooke, and how finely and daintily he fared.

THE FORTY-SIXTH CHAPTER -  How a certaine Matron fell in love with Apuleius, how hee had his pleasure with her, and what other things happened.

THE FORTY-SEVENTH CHAPTER -   How Apuleius by Roses and prayer returned to his humane shape.

THE FORTY-EIGHTH CHAPTER -  How the parents and friends of Apuleius heard news that he was alive and in health.

DEDICATION

 To the Right Honourable and Mighty Lord, THOMAS EARLE OF SUSSEX, Viscount Fitzwalter, Lord of Egremont and of Burnell, Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter,  Iustice of the forrests and Chases from Trent Southward; Captain of the Gentleman Pensioners of  the House of the QUEENE our Soveraigne Lady.

After that I had taken upon me (right Honourable) in manner of that unlearned and foolish Poet, Cherillus, who rashly and unadvisedly wrought a big volume in verses, of the valiant prowesse of Alexander the Great, to translate this present booke, contayning the Metamorphosis of Lucius Apuleius; being mooved thereunto by the right pleasant pastime and delectable matter therein; I eftsoones consulted with myself, to whom I might best offer so pleasant and worthy a work, devised by the author, it being now barbarously and simply framed in our English tongue.  And after long deliberation had, your honourable lordship came to my remembrance, a man much more worthy, than to whom so homely and rude a translation should be presented.  But when I again remembred the jesting and sportfull matter of the booke, unfit to be offered to any man of gravity and wisdome, I was wholly determined to make no Epistle Dedicatory at all; till as now of late perswaded thereunto by my friends, I have boldly enterprised to offer the same to your Lordship, who as I trust wil accept the same, than if it did entreat of some serious and lofty matter, light and merry, yet the effect thereof tendeth to a good and vertuous moral, as in the following Epistle to the reader may be declared. For so have all writers in times past employed their travell and labours, that their posterity might receive some fruitfull profit by the same.  And therfore the poets feined not their fables in vain, considering that children in time of their first studies,  are very much allured thereby to proceed to more grave and deepe studies and disciplines, whereas their mindes would quickly loath the wise and prudent workes of  learned men, wherein in such unripe years they take no spark of delectation at all.  And not only that profit ariseth to children by such feined fables, but also the vertues of men are covertly thereby commended, and their vices discommended and abhorred.  For by the fable of Actaeon, where it is feigned that he saw Diana washing her selfe in a well,  hee was immediately turned into an Hart, and so was slain of his own Dogs; may bee meant, That when a man casteth his eyes on the vain and soone fading beauty of the world, consenting thereto in his minde, hee seemeth to bee turned into a brute beast, and so to be slain by the inordinate desire of his owne affects.  By Tantalus that stands in the midst of the floud Eridan, having before him a tree laden with pleasant apples, he being neverthelesse always thirsty and hungry, betokeneth the insatiable desires of covetous persons. The fables of Atreus, Thiestes, Tereus and Progne signifieth the wicked and abhominable facts wrought and attempted by mortall men. The fall of Icarus is an example to proud and arrogant persons, that weeneth to climb up to the heavens.  By Mydas, who obtained of Bacchus, that all things which he touched might be gold, is carped the foul sin of avarice.  By Phaeton, that unskilfully took in hand to rule the chariot of the Sunne, are represented those persons which attempt things passing their power and capacity.  By Castor and Pollux, turned into a signe in heaven called Gemini, is signified, that vertuous and godly persons shall be rewarded after life with perpetuall blisse.  And in this feined jest of Lucius Apuleius is comprehended a figure of mans life, ministring most sweet and delectable matter, to such as shall be desirous to reade the same.  The which if your honourable lordship shall accept ant take in good part, I shall not onely thinke my small travell and labour well employed, but also receive a further comfort to attempt some more serious matter, which may be more acceptable to your Lordship : desiring the same to excuse my rash and bold enterprise at this time, as I nothing doubt of your Lordships goodnesse. To whome I beseech Almighty God to impart long life, with encrease of much honour.

>From Vniversity Colledge in Oxenforde, the xviij. of September, 1566.

Your Honours most bounden,

WIL. ADLINGTON.

 The Life of Lucius Apuleius Briefly Described

 LUCIUS APULEIUS African, an excellent follower of Plato his sect, born in Madaura, a Countrey sometime inhabited by the Romans,  and under the jurisdiction of Syphax, scituate and lying on the borders of Numidia and Getulia, whereby he calleth himself half a Numidian and half a Getulian : and Sidonius named him the Platonian Madaurence : his father called Theseus had passed all offices of dignity in his countrey with much honour.  His mother named Salvia was of such excellent vertue, that she passed all the Dames of her time, borne of an ancient house, and descended from the philosopher Plutarch, and Sextus his nephew.  His wife called Prudentila was endowed with as much vertue and riches as any woman might be.  Hee himselfe was of an high and comely stature, gray eyed, his haire yellow, and a beautiful personage.  He flourished in Carthage in the time of Iolianus Avitus and Cl. Maximus Proconsuls, where he spent his youth in learning the liberall sciences, and much profited under his masters there, whereby not without cause hee calleth himself the Nource of Carthage, and the celestial Muse and venerable mistresse of Africke.  Soone after, at Athens (where in times past the well of all doctrine flourished) he tasted many of the cups of the muses, he learned the Poetry, Geometry, Musicke, Logicke, and the universall knowledge of Philosophy, and studied not in vaine the nine Muses, that is to say, the nine noble and royal disciplines.

Immediately after he went to Rome, and studied there the Latine tongue, with such labour and continuall study, that he achieved to great eloquence, and was known and approved to be excellently learned, whereby he might worthily be called Polyhistor, that is to say, one that knoweth much or many things.

And being thus no lesse endued with eloquence, than with singular learning, he wrote many books for them that should come after : whereof part by negligence of times be now intercepted and part now extant, doe sufficiently declare, with how much wisdome and doctrine hee flourished, and with how much vertue hee excelled amongst the rude and barbarous people. The like was Anacharsis amongst the most luskish Scythes.  But amongst the Bookes of Lucius Apuleius, which are perished and prevented, howbeit greatly desired as now adayes, one was intituled Banquetting questions, another entreating of the nature of fish, another of the generation of beasts, another containing his Epigrams, another called 'Hermagoras' : but such as are now extant are the foure books named 'Floridorum',  wherein is contained a flourishing stile, and a savory kind of learning, which delighteth, holdeth, and rejoiceth the reader marvellously; wherein you shall find a great variety of things, as leaping one from another : One excellent and copious Oration, containing all the grace and vertue of the art Oratory, where he cleareth himself of the crime of art Magick, which was slanderously objected against him by his Adversaries, wherein is contained such force of eloquence and doctrine, as he seemeth to passe and excell himselfe. There is another booke of the god of the spirit of Socrates, whereof St. Augustine maketh mention in his booke of the definition of spirits, and description of men.  Two other books of the opinion of Plato, wherein is briefly contained that which before was largely expressed.  One booke of Cosmography, comprising many things of Aristotles Meteors.  The Dialogue of Trismegistus, translated by him out of Greeke into Latine, so fine, that it rather seemeth with more eloquence turned into Latine, than it was before written in Greeke.  But principally these eleven Bookes of the 'Golden Asse', are enriched with such pleasant matter, with such excellency and variety of flourishing tales, that nothing may be more sweet and delectable, whereby worthily they may be intituled The Bookes of the 'Golden Asse',  for the passing stile and matter therein. For what can be more acceptable than this Asse of Gold indeed. Howbeit there be many who would rather intitule it 'Metamorphosis', that is to say, a transfiguration or transformation, by reason of the argument and matter within.

The Preface of the Author To His Sonne, Faustinus And unto the Readers of this Book

THAT I to thee some joyous jests

may show in gentle gloze,

And frankly feed thy bended eares

with passing pleasant prose :

So that thou daine in seemly sort

this wanton booke to view,

That is set out and garnisht fine,

with written phrases new.

I will declare how one by hap

his humane figure lost,

And how in brutish formed shape,

his loathed life he tost.

And how he was in course of time

from such a state unfold,

Who eftsoone turn'd to pristine shape

his lot unlucky told.

What and who he was attend a while, and you shall understand that it was even I, the writer of mine own Metamorphosie and strange alteration of figure.  Hymettus, Athens, Isthmia, Ephire Tenaros, and Sparta, being fat and fertile soiles (as I pray you give credit to the bookes of more everlasting fame) be places where myne antient progeny and linage did sometime flourish : there I say, in Athens, when I was yong, I went first to schoole.  Soone after (as a stranger) I arrived at Rome, whereas by great industry, and without instruction of any schoolmaster, I attained to the full perfection of the Latine tongue.  Behold, I first crave and beg your pardon, lest I should happen to displease or offend any of you by the rude and rusticke utterance of this strange and forrein language.  And verily this new alteration of speech doth correspond to the enterprised matter whereof I purpose to entreat, I will set forth unto you a pleasant Grecian jeast. Whereunto gentle Reader if thou wilt give attendant eare, it will minister unto thee such delectable matter as thou shalt be contented withall.

THE FIRST BOOKE

THE FIRST CHAPTER - How Apuleius riding in Thessaly, fortuned to fall into company with two strangers, that reasoned together of the mighty power of Witches.

As I fortuned to take my voyage into Thessaly, about certaine affaires which I had to doe ( for there myne auncestry by my mothers side inhabiteth, descended of the line of that most excellent person Plutarch, and of Sextus the Philosopher his Nephew, which is to us a great honour) and after that by much travell and great paine I had passed over the high mountaines and slipperie vallies, and had ridden through the cloggy fallowed fields; perceiving that my horse did wax somewhat slow, and to the intent likewise that I might repose and strengthen my self (being weary with riding) I lighted off my horse, and wiping the sweat from every part of his body, I unbrideled him, and walked him softly in my hand, to the end he might pisse, and ease himself of his weariness and travell : and while he went grazing freshly in the field (casting his head sometimes aside, as a token of rejoycing and gladnesse) I perceived a little before me two companions riding, and so I overtaking them made a third.  And while I listened to heare their communication, the one of them laughed and mocked his fellow, saying, Leave off I pray thee and speak no more, for I cannot abide to heare thee tell such absurd and incredible lies; which when I heard, I desired to heare some newes, and said, I pray you masters make me partaker of your talk, that am not so curious as desirous to know all your communication : so shall we shorten our journey, and easily passe this high hill before us, by merry and pleasant talke.

But he that laughed before at his fellow, said againe, Verily this tale is as true, as if a man would say that by sorcery and inchantment the floods might be inforced to run against their course, the seas to be immovable, the aire to lacke the blowing of windes, the Sunne to be restrained from his naturall race, the Moone to purge his skimme upon herbes and trees to serve for sorceries : the starres to be pulled from heaven, the day to be darkened and the dark night to continue still.  Then I being more desirous to heare his talke than his companions, sayd, I pray you, that began to tell your tale even now, leave not off so, but tell the residue.  And turning to the other I sayd,  You perhappes that are of an obstinate minde and grosse eares, mocke and contemme those things which are reported for truth, know you not that it is accounted untrue by the depraved opinion of men, which either is rarely seene, seldome heard, or passeth the capacitie of mans reason, which if it be more narrowly scanned, you shall not onely finde it evident and plaine, but also very easy to be brought to passe.

THE SECOND CHAPTER -  How Apuleius told to the strangers, what he saw a jugler do in Athens.

The other night being at supper with a sort of hungry fellowes, while I did greedily put a great morsel of meate in my mouth, that was fried with the flower of cheese and barley, it cleaved so fast in the passage of my throat and stopped my winde in such sort that I was well nigh choked.  And yet at Athens before the porch there called Peale, I saw with these eyes a jugler that swallowed up a two hand sword, with a very keene edge, and by and by for a little money that we who looked on gave him, hee devoured a chasing speare with the point downeward.  And after that hee had conveyed the whole speare within the closure of his body, and brought it out againe behind, there appeared on the top thereof (which caused us all to marvell) a faire boy pleasant and nimble, winding and turning himself in such sort, that you would suppose he had neither bone nor gristle, and verily thinke that he were the naturall Serpent, creeping and sliding on the knotted staffe, which the god of Medicine is feigned to beare.  But turning me to him that began his tale, I pray you (quoth I) follow your purpose, and I alone will give credit unto you, and for your paynes will pay your charges at the next Inne we come unto.  To whom he answered Certes sir I thank you for your gentle offer, and at your request I wil proceed in my tale, but first I will sweare unto you by the light of this Sunne that shineth here, that those things shall be true, least when you come to the next city called Thessaly, you should doubt any thing of that which is rife in the mouthes of every person, and done before the face of all men.  And that I may first make relation to you, what and who I am, and whither I go, and for what purpose, know you that I am of Egin, travelling these countries about from Thessaly to Etolia, and from Etolia to Boetia, to provide for honey, cheese, and other victuals to sell againe : and understanding that at Hippata (which is the principall city of all Thessaly),  is accustomed to be soulde new cheeses of exceeding good taste and relish, I fortuned on a day to go thither, to make my market there : but as it often happeneth, I came in an evill houre; for one Lupus a purveyor had bought and ingrossed up all the day before, and so I was deceived.

Wherefore towards night being very weary, I went to the Baines to refresh my selfe, and behold, I fortuned to espy my companion Socrates sitting upon the ground, covered with a torn and course mantle; who was so meigre and of so sallow and miserable a countenance, that I scantly knew him : for fortune had brought him into such estate and calamity, that he verily seemed as a common begger that standeth in the streets to crave the benevolence of the passers by.  Towards whom (howbeit he was my singular friend and familiar acquaintance, yet half in despaire)  I drew nigh and said, Alas my Socrates, what meaneth this? how faireth it with thee?  What crime hast thou committed? verily there is great lamentation and weeping for thee at home : Thy children are in ward by decree of the Provinciall Judge : Thy wife (having ended her mourning time in lamentable wise, with face and visage blubbered with teares, in such sort that she hath well nigh wept out both her eyes) is constrained by her parents to put out of remembrance the unfortunate losse and lacke of thee at home, and against her will to take a new husband.  And dost thou live here as a ghost or hogge, to our great shame and ignominy?

Then