A Philosophical Approach - Theological Vol. 2

A Philosophical Approach -Theological Vol.2

Copyright

Philosophical Approach – Theological Vol. 2 ©²⁰¹⁷ Garrison Clifford Gibson

I.S.B.N. 978-1-365-79939-6

Space images credit: Hubble Heritage

Forward

A philosophical approach to analyzing human experience might be regarded as a process of discovery. Finding the experience of existing a given and good fact, thinking individuals may inquire regarding the nature and way of being and its process of changing in a continuum of form and reform. In writing these informal essays and comments on contemporary interests I wanted to put some philosophical intention on it for the good.

Descartes contemplated a method of affirming existence from first principles; an epistemological investigation of self-awareness. Aristotle presented numerous categories of classification of substance and logic. Socrates and Plato thought of the ideal state and of truth. They looked into what concepts are such as the good anticipating the utilitarian question.

Individuals considered by others as philosophers have examined many of the same matters concerning individual actualization, language, government of the many and the way people interact phenomenally (e.g. Sartre’s Being and nothingness and Critique of Dialectical Reason). Confucius, Hobbes and Marx  presented new social theories while Hume examined causality. Philosophers of history like  Arnold Toynbee have considered recurrent social-historical cycles. Individuals of countless generations have inquired into the destiny of spirit, mind and matter that are considered to be essential elements of a human life. Philosophers may try to find some practical applications of learning in the midst of the great population of the world inertially proceeding with more than 7 billion contemporary souls empirically coexisting.

The world may be a stage as Shakespeare commented in Hamlet, upon which people strut and fret their hour upon the stage. Philosophers may demure from the point that it is no more than sound and fury signifying nothing. The Bible; a work of little books with revealed knowledge from God, offers the wisdom of Solomon presenting the humble condition of mankind who is like a blade of grass under the eternal existence and glory of God. Faith in God as the true wisdom and reason life has meaning in society today is set against a social abyss of godless materialism as an end-for-itself without belief In much of anything besides science. Since science means knowledge, scientific method ought to mean a method. Today an individual pursuing knowledge should include wisdom rather than to cut himself off a priori and instead just follow preconceived atheistic lines. A philosophical approach through science is challenged with a profusion of cosmological avenues of approach and tools for investigation that are self-evident and not improved with select biases against the idea of God.

My philosophical approach to various issues in-the-world follows from decades of interest in philosophy and its development over the course of history. The history of philosophy quite early coincides with and often informs the development of civilization, intellectual history and leadership flowing with it. Thus the title selection of these four books reflect my own philosophical regard for select issues occurring in contemporary history.

There are  perennial questions in philosophy of interest to specialists, generalists and ordinary people that many or even most people are familiar with concerning the soul, life after death, free will, the difference between good and evil, forms of governance, ethics, metaphysics, cosmology, physics, language, epistemology, memory, the meaning of language values and so forth. After a student of philosophy has familiarized himself with these issues reading the classics of western and eastern philosophy and religion, he may still wish to consider contemporary history and its instantaneous concerns distributed globally on the Internet each second of the day since the start of the third millennium at least. The approaches to considering live issues of contemporary history with a philosophical sense of detachment yet with active concern for 'putting intention on' the politics and public perceptions of those issues, in order to promote the good of humanity – a Socratic concern with Christian ethical points about the welfare of one's fellow human being, might be generally reduced to four.

A Philosophical Approach – Practical Vol. 1

A Philosophical Approach – Practical Vol. 2

A Philosophical Approach – Theoretical

A Philosophical Approach – Theological Vol. 1

A Philosophical Approach – Theological Vol. 2

A Philosophical Approach – Cosmology

The material of the books were essays and comments posted on my blog www.garycgibson.blogspot in real time and later sorted into these general categories. I cannot say that they were of much use in moving U.S. society toward a better direction.

One must try to keep a society reasonably well informed and moving in a positive direction. It is too easy alternatively, for a society to take up bad ideas and ethics and to go to places where wicked societies have gone before.

Maybe science is relative truth, and conditional. One cannot demand that science produce absolute truth after Einstein's transcending implications of the general and special theories of relativity brought physics to the threshold of an ocean of temporal change.

In the 20th century linguistic philosophy developed through the Vienna Circle and with the rise of symbolic logic started by Frege continuing on to Strawson, Quine and Kripke it was possible to comprehend the nature of meaning and meaning of epistemology along with subjective ideas about it. Prior to the 20th century philosophical advance the history of philosophy might be found best in a few giants from Pre-Socratic philosophers to the peripatetic philosophers, early scientific philosophers like Pythagoras and Democritus to theologian greats such as Augustine to Descartes, Hegel, Kant and a few others.

Science before the rise of observational and experimental methods of verification in the field of cosmology was in a sense metaphysics. If people such as Parmenides and Heraclitus didn't have much accurate technical knowledge of the cosmos they could make logic-based inferences some of which resonate with more modern thought such as the spinning bucket paradigm of Newton and gravity. If five theories explaining the origin of matter and energy equally share claim to validity it might be fair to call the paradigm one of metaphysics-even though the individuals are excellent particle physicists. Metaphysics is about conjecture of explaining cosmology theoretically without directly confirming or validating tests. Science alternatively looks to tangible, material avenues of advance of confirmation.

I mentioned above that science need only confirm its theories on reasonable logical grounds rather than exhaustively and exclusively of any other explanation. Conditional and relative truths that are logically consistent with their premises may be the best of scientific certainty about reality that is possible. The epistemological grounds of knowledge; human knowledge, is not absolute or infallible and is immersed within a physical media of being it cannot view from outside as a flying fish might regard the ocean in which it swims.

The Lord Jesus Christ transcended what is seemingly impossible for humans. The savior could love those that persecuted him, while humanity finds it quite challenging to actually love those that do so. Christians may employ metaphysical paradigmata themselves these days in reinterpreting the Old Testament in light of the shifting sands of temporal knowledge while knowing that God is greater than they.

Essays

Consider First Corinthians Chapters 12 and 13

6 March 2017

Chapters 12 and 13 of First Corinthians concern spiritual gifts such as speaking in tongues and prophecy. The Apostle Paul speaks well of them yet notes that they are temporal and pass away. In fact he warns a little about using them too well without love. He wrote that love is a more excellent way in chapter 13.

Chapter 13 is one of those that are jaw-dropping when one considers that it was written in the first century and is unmatched in quality by any non-Biblical writers of antiquity. Paul actually meant what he wrote too. Shakespeare could write some pretty fair blank verse 1500 years later that at times approaches the literary quality of the apostle, yet of course without the meaning. Shakespeare's paradigmatic axis was comparatively lacking.

1 Corinthians 13King James Version (KJV)

13 "Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have not charity, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.

2 And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing.

3 And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.

4 Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up,

5 Doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil;

6 Rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth;

7 Beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things.

8 Charity never faileth: but whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away.

9 For we know in part, and we prophesy in part.

10 But when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away.

11 When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things.

12 For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known.

13 And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity."

The Saved, the Secular and the Lost

1 March 2017

Assuredly Christians have an eternal life with God to look forward to even as they may be troubled by nefarious secularists that believe godless atheism is the best thing since a computer chip. Christianity itself is a little troubled by the lack of upgrades to the delivery of the gospel from that essentially unchanged since the era of feudalism when so many were illiterate. Today of course many Americans have been programmed by the broadcast media and have something of a functional philosophical and theological illiteracy.

One of the sad points of the Obama era was that there are those with the wrong belief that unrepentant L.G.B. church goers are saved. There is no mistake that aberrant sex beyond that of heterosexual is sin. In order to be acceptable to God and His Son at the minimum one must cohere with the will of God as expressed in the Holy Bible/gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. That means that one cannot be an active, unrepentant homosexual. If one is then one is most likely not saved, for one never had faith and grace enough to quit that sin.

I would think however that if one were saved at some point and truly denounced all sin, even if one slipped at some point later and committed sin yet and repented that, they would still be alright. Being reprobate though; actually denying that sin clearly enough defined in the Bible is O.K. and acceptable to God and the Lord Jesus Christ, and believing that one is saved seems silly. One might as well be a Muslim and consider praying five times a day in a supine position facing their neighborhood Wal-Mart is OK. Muslim practice.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/03/01/on-ash-wednesday-ashes-to-go-with-a-little-extra-sparkle/

Eternity is a deep game. Some cosmological physicists regard the Universe as having been created from nothing; the void and perhaps its zero-point energy. With historical evidence for evolution they regard the point about God as res judicata; such superficial philosophical, theological and even scientific reasoning makes them hardened in their faithlessness and thus they become malevangelizers of the word of oblivion. Eternity is a long time without time however existing transcendently beyond the physics of the mortal coil. True faith shall have its just reward while so mayhaps, that which is true wickedness.

Lutheran Church of Norway Bites the Dust

1 Feb. 2017

Norway's Lutheran Church officially became apostate a couple of days ago with homosexual marriage. Maybe it's because they want to subvert Magnus Carlsen who is in a chess slump dropping in ratings to 2835, or perhaps because it has royalty that hate Trump and all godly things, the U.S.A. and common decency...Plainly homosexuals should have the same civil rights as everyone else, however common sense would have avoided making a mockery of heterosexuality and the historical protections of marriage for women and children, not allowed homosexuals to adopt and molest children, and simply created whatever legal snares and encumbrances for homosexuals that they felt they needed.--Marriage needed to be reformed if anything and perhaps limited to 3 times in a lifetime in order to not make it a joke and secularized convenience. http://www.reuters.com/.../us-norway-gaymarriage...

I wonder if Facebook isn't a kind of socialization agent for leftist ideals that produces a net information deficit for the U.S.A.? Shouldn't there be an America-book limited to citizens?

Science as Relative, Conditional Truth

12 Dec. 2016

Maybe science is relative truth, and conditional. One cannot demand that science produce absolute truth after Einstein's transcending implications of the general and special theories of relativity brought physics to the door of an ocean of temporal change. Science need correspond subject to predicate, word to object, probabilities for predictive behavior etc. to create practical functioning truths. Science or knowledge need be accurate, functional and practical to work or to have credibility. It is a use-truth describing appearance and content so far as possible with verification rather than an inference or intuition about deeper explanations. Science is a mechanics rather than a faith.

I think no other century has or will develop philosophical logic and epistemology so much as did the 20th. In the 20th century linguistic philosophy developed through the Vienna Circle and with the rise of symbolic logic started by Frege continuing on to Strawson, Quine and Kripke it was possible to comprehend the nature of meaning and meaning of epistemology along with subjective ideas about it. Prior to the 20th century philosophical advance the history of philosophy might be found best in a few giants from pre-Socratic philosophers to the Attic philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, early scientific philosophers like Pythagoras and Democritus to theologian greats such as Augustine and Confucius on to Thomas Hobbes, Rene Descartes, G.W.F. Hegel, David Hume, Bishop Berkeley, Immanuel Kant and a few others.

Science before the rise of observational and experimental methods of verification in the field of cosmology was in a sense metaphysics. If people such as Parmenides and Heraclitus didn't have much accurate technical knowledge of the cosmos they could make logic-based inferences some of which resonate with more modern thought such as the spinning bucket paradigm of Newton and gravity. If five theories explaining the origin of matter and energy equally share claim to validity it might be fair to call the paradigm one of metaphysics-even though the individuals are excellent particle physicists. Metaphysics is about conjecture of explaining cosmology theoretically without directly confirming or validating tests. Science alternatively looks to tangible, material avenues of advance of confirmation.

As I mentioned above though, science need only confirm it's theories on reasonable logical grounds rather than exhaustively and exclusively of any other explanation. Conditional and relative truths that are logically consistent with their premises may be the best of scientific certainty about reality that is possible. The epistemological grounds of knowledge; human knowledge, is not absolute or infallible and is immersed within a physical media of being it cannot view from outside as a flying fish might regard the ocean in which it swims.

The Lord Jesus Christ transcended what is seemingly impossible for humans. The savior could love those that persecuted him, while humanity finds it quite challenging to actually love those that do so. Christians may employ metaphysical paradigmata themselves these days in reinterpreting the Old Testament in light of the shifting sands of temporal knowledge while knowing that God is greater than they.

Jesus Christ: Fully Man, Fully God

25 Dec. 2016

On the Birth of God

Some 2020 years ago Jesus Christ was born. He existed from eternity as the Son with God the Father and the Holy Spirit. Each are personalities, or persona, of one God.

Some wonder how the infinite spirit that is Jesus Christ could be reduced to a finite form as a baby born of the virgin woman Mary conceived by the Holy Ghost. We may wonder in human terms and desire an answer using what physics and concepts of space and time that we understand.

God, many would think, being of infinite intelligence also has infinite size, though as spirit. While God is omnipresent human ideas of space and time don’t apply to God, the Son or the Holy Spirit...they transcend that.

So rather than wondering how the reduction might be accomplished theoretically it might be more useful to consider that God being omnipowerful too, would find a way for His will to be done.

We might wonder if part of the persona of Jesus Christ was he still in heaven while part of his spirit was on Earth yet again, the categories concerning human mind and body do not quite coincide with that of the infinite God of whom Jesus Christ is along with the father and Holy Spirit. Some questions can never be known. We know that Jesus Christ was fully man and fully God though, thankfully for us.

G.R. and Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems

Nov. 6, 2016

Gödel's incompleteness theorems have many applications to fields besides mathematics. The characteristic feature of a set of all possible sets that includes itself as impossible is analogous to the problem of getting a finite number to define an infinite series. Einstein's General theory of relativity and its equations providing data describing the curvature of space-time and the past and future of the Universe without extraneous factors such as dark energy entails similar problems. Because the equations are made with mathematics embedded in space-time itself the formulas must collapse with the collapse of space-time toward the singularity.

If a set of all sets inclusive of itself were possible, if G.R. could describe the entire Universe's history, if the principle of identity were transcended such that one being could view itself entirely as other yet include the independent view of each for-themselves, it would be a different Universe. It is remarkable that Kurt Gödel's and Albert Einstein each worked at the same time at Princeton University's center for theoretical physics.

Could God have a fate? For the Unconditional to let himself become the conditional, where the non-contingent being reduced unto the Universe of contingencies, that was bold. That was the Lord Jesus Christ being born of the virgin Mary predestined to crucifixion as the perfect lamb of God atoning for the sins of the elect. Jesus Christ took a deterministic spatio-temporal role in the steady state of a material Universe alongside his fellow humanity. The presence of omnipotent God filled even a contingent Universe of his creation.

If G.R.'s equations had a platonic validity such that they could exist to describe space-time independently of the material-energy space-time Universe that would be great. Mathematical physicists such as Max Tegmark have theorized about a Mathematical Universe (M.U.T.) wherein purely abstract mathematics actually are the foundation of particle-waves, mass and energy. Yet rather than presenting a continuum of scientific validity narrowing into infinite reduction in singularity, G.R. may itself be a phenomenon of the space-time in which it is embedded that terminates at a select scale of reduction, maybe where the first appearance of a dimension entity in nothingness occurs and time itself vanishes.

Before the First Virtual Particle in Any Possible Universe

26 Oct. 2016

About the first virtual particle...virtual particles so far as i know are flexes of the non-locality positions of quanta such as electrons. So there needs to be a primary particle or field for the appearance of a virtual particle.

Ideas taken apart from matter- that is spirit- just wouldn't be matter or energy or even a virtual particle. Math is an idea-even if it were taken as having some kind of Platonic reality.

I gave some thought to dimensions and wonder if even a theoretical first virtual particle without a primary source could have existed without a dimensions. Empty space would need to have dimensions or perhaps none at all and not exist either.

A Math Universe could exist in the context of a kernel presentation from an Omniscient Spirit. Yet what could sustain the idea otherwise, if it must be something other than what the apparent Universe of energy-mass is?

Maybe the first dimension  coincided with a first idea from God. I like the theological dimensions of the line of conjecture, for I think it easy to make categorical errors about what is required for anything to exist or not in the basic Universe before expansion or inflation.

This is a quote from a short story I wrote named Pt. Omni- (it’s about dimensions and their origin).

She said; "I have started thinking about dimensions from first principles John. One may make a square out of a circle by creating four ninety degree angles in it. So if one imagines a sphere changing its shape so that it has four corners to it achieved perhaps by stretching it at fixed points, compare that with a figure analogous to a volume of space with three dimensions.

What are dimensions really? String theorists speculate about extra dimensions with some of unequal sizes as if they could be bound or compounded with a meta-dimensional power. If one regards dimensions as fulfilled space for example, in a three-dimensional sphere representing space as field lines crossing it in three directions, then changing the perimeter surface shape of the sphere or square  may  change or warp the field lines, dimensions and relations within. If those were dimensions they also would be changing relationships of composition.

What though are dimensions made of? Are they discrete, composite vectors such as a light beam that is made of photon quanta yet comprise a light wave in quantity? Are dimensions made of fundamental particles that when assembled have a vector or arrow of direction that is time?

Physicists say that the Universe is in principle time reversible (although improbable because of reversing entropy and force field desiderata). The relationships of various forces, fundamental forces of the Universe, may also be time reversible though improbable. Dimensions, whatever they are made of, may have some force about them perhaps as a field, possibly neutral yet binding on to other dimensions with some principle maybe governed or determined by the meta-field wherein they exist.

If God were to change the surface shape of the Universe from a cube to a sphere altering thereby the structures of dimensions, energy and mass within a Universe, it is conceivable that a 13.3 billion year evolution or expansions from time = 0 at a big bang could be completed in 13.3 seconds or fewer in a time forward or time reverse process. If dimensions and mass contents of time are subject to an overall field strength determined by God, the form and content of any given Universe might be instantly determined from hydrogen atoms to stars, galaxies, life, black holes and information phenomena experienced within a Universe with sentient beings."

Sins cast to the Bottom of the Sea

26 Oct. 2016

I watched a video on plate tectonics and the Marianas trench recently. It's seven miles deep at the deepest spot. When God said he would remember the sins of the saved no more, and they would be as cast to the bottom of the sea, that made a point interesting today geologically speaking. The reason the trench is so deep is that the Pacific plate crust there is the oldest and heaviest and sinks beneath the next plate over-the Eurasian plate that is younger and lighter with new crust from deep in the Earth. Sins at the deepest place would ride along to the hell of the mantle below the Earths crust-and perhaps onward to the hell of the core theoretically. The lost also sort of evolve along in material worldliness until taken down to nothingness spiritually speaking while in contrast, the regenerate are lighter, born of the spirit and rise from the lost conditions of the evolutionary paradigm of mass and energy.

ref. Micah 7:19

The Sixty-Four Billion Year Question

17 Sept. 2016

Space membranes may have irregular shapes that when intersecting provide irregular rates of apparent time passage. They may alternatively have regular shapes that when intersecting or passing through other membranes provide an apparent smooth rate of expansion of space-time resembling that of dark energy. Dark energy is regarded preponderantly as responsible for the increasing rate of expansion of the space of the observable Universe. Cosmologists think the rate of expansion of space and time will continue until a big rip occurs when the Universe is 64 billion years old whereat it will cease to exist, failing to draw social  security benefits itself from an economics expanded with federal reserve zero interest loans.

Membranes capable of being an entire Universe when intersecting at various angles or portions contacting must be of very large size one might think. Size is relative though, in a completely empty void a one inch membrane might as well be a mile. Only in relation to other membranes or things could comparative quantification occur.

If a membrane is not of zero dimensions simultaneously existing yet not existing-logically somewhat absurd except perhaps for quanta in some form of super-position even with a timeless, eternal form, then it must be made of something. In a field particles arise of various sizes as energy wave packets. A membrane though is regarded as some kind of fundamental entity without parts. Irreducible membranes of one dimension even seem less probable than super-positioned zero-dimensional membranes that take one dimensions with interference, observation and waveform collapse or simply the word of God.

A membrane of n-dimensions may be a quantified field in the mind of God initially structured in a spiritual sense that with interference and intersections collapses from the superpositions of the mind of God into one-dimensional and concatenated dimensional forms. Recombinant dimensional membranes perhaps with an unknown forms of charge-perhaps multi-tensor charges could build up super-dimensions with greater magnitudes than other membranes.

The shape of the Universe spatially speaking was and probably is of interest to cosmologists. It could have been toroidal, spherical etc. Perhaps there is no clearly definable shape for a Universe at the leading, expanding edges whereat it fades off into a nothingness emptier than nothing itself. It may simply be an apparent Universe with apparent yet not real space that is instead a concatenated and apparent effect for observers from one-dimensional membranes moving through one another. When one membrane passes along the axis of another it may appear as an acceleration of spatial expansion to local observers.

Any sort of turn or deflection for a membrane's shape would require some irregularity of force acting at that place. The presence or absence of planar deformation, or of spherical deformation if a singularity, indicates the presence of a heterodox field or membrane element. Maybe some theorists regard individuated endowments of force as fundamental brains with the optimal shape for a brane corresponding to the configuration of dimensions in which it coheres. Dimensional brains thus appear to be theoretically embedded within a Chinese puzzle box of additional dimensional branes.

In evolutionary biology there is an argument that mutation is the primary agent for change rather than natural selection. Mutation though is a way of saying change of an individual from an existing pattern. The capacity for mutability is an implicit aspect of being. God may be changeless and eternal, yet space-time beings change perpetually. Mutation however is regarded as occurring to living beings rather than to inanimate molecular forms. Complexity in biological forms allows for a suggestion of mutation from an existing pattern whereas for geological formations talus slopes for example are said to evolve under the influence of the second law of thermodynamics and entropy with the increase of disorder. Can dimensional membranes be thought of as mutable or are they just too simple even to be considered to evolve?

Relationships of membranes that change in a field of all possible membranes existing might be regarded as evolving. Evolution occurs in the space-time changes for observers living in a nexus of interacting membranes. For God hosting the membrane field, nothing changes in a sense. The membrane's position and motion follow His will. Intellect of observers changes too, yet as in a level 4 Multiverse intellect is an apparent phenomena embedded in the interacting membrane fields. It is pre-determined though able apparently to modify energy-matter forms in a small way within a space-time manifold. God configured the complete field from eternity with space-time membranes comprising contingent ontology-for-others.

The Moral Authority of Hitler and Kaine

16 Sept. 2016

Some contemporary politicians effectively wish to dispense with morality. In a recent interview vice-presidential candidate Tim Kaine said that 'people can make their own moral decisions-so did Adolph Hitler on his own moral authority. The idea that evil actions are moral decisions rather than immoral decisions require an oxymoronic regard negating the moral paradigm lest one assume that every decision is a moral one. Moral decisions are bracketed by universe of immoral decisions.

Morality is not set individually any more than language is created individually. It is a social phenomena. Morality is a description of what people of a society actually do. If their ethics are fundamentally, preponderantly immoral then the society can be said to be an immoral one. People have the choice of obeying or not social morality and moral norms.

Marcus Tullius Cicero wrote a treatise on natural law. He believed that nature itself has an implicit morality to wherein moral people must cohere. Cicero provided an example of the unnatural death of youth being wrong. He might have cited child sacrifice to Moloch as naturally wrong, whereas to Tim Kaine and Adolph Hitler that would be a personal moral choice.

It might be argued that personal moral decisions that do not involve others are in a realm wherein an individual has absolute moral authority. However decisions that do not involve other people in society at all-and even suicide involves others-would not be moral questions.

The Ten Commandments are not set individually. One may choose to follow or break the ten commandments yet one cannot create or uncreate the moral authority that provided them. Christians and Jews believe God provided the ten moral commandments. Tim Kaine might think that the ten commandments have no more moral authority than his own and that he and each individual should write in effect, their own commandments, disregard those of God and decide if they will or will not break them. If Tim Kaine and society did follow the course of creating and structuring their own moral authority exclusively it might be said that society was in a state of moral anarchy. When the Bible says 'thou shalt not kill', one cannot make a moral judgment of the commandment with personal authority. It is only possible to make an ethical decision to obey or disregard the commandment.

Moral norms are empirical facts describing concatenated mass social behavior. Individuals may use their own ethics that are decisive in following or breaking moral norms for whatever reason, however the moral paradigm is socially constructed or evolved, provided by divine providence etc.

I believe that in this age of fracture the destruction of conventional moral norms by Democrat and Corporate party leadership is basically motivated to provide no resistance to the accumulation of wealth and power by one percent of the populous globally. With a doped up and immoral social order corrupt leadership would be more at home. When the environment breaks down too far and overpopulation or rebellion challenges the elite's position an immoral social order would provide less resistance to their mass destruction by elite that would a priori be a logical goal of a post-apocalyptic new world order.

Renormalization of Ontology

14 Sept 2016

Some time around the middle of the 20th century the field of philosophy called ontology began to experience a change. Ontology is the study of being in the largest sense. More than a scientific analysis such as Aristotle got started, ontology is a way of considering the entire phenomenon of existing and being aware of existing.

For millennia a philosophy of existence-an ontology-was necessarily phenomenal. The 20thcentury philosopher Jean Paul Sartre wrote an epic tome named 'Being and Nothingness' during the Second World War that epitomizes a conscious phenomenal epistemology inclusive of ontology. Descartes' cogito ergo sum-I think therefore I am- is simultaneously an ontological and epistemological phenomenality.

In ancient Sumer atop the Ziggurats there were great dressed up dolls portraying Babylonian gods (ref. Rosenberg's Abraham-The First Biography) that were moved around by a priesthood for the benefit of the masses below who could look up and observe a great play explaining the mechanics of ontology. That mechanics differed from that of ontological phenomenalism. A mechanics for being is today named physics rather than philosophy. Cosmology around the time of Sartre's composition of 'Being and Nothingness' was moving towards its modern phase though not quite there yet. From Lemaitre's interpretation of Einstein's General theory of Relativity the concept of the Big Bang or inflation of a Universe from a singularity arose. Late in the 20th century physical cosmology surpassed ontological phenomenalism as