The Soul of Man

Soul

1. Science, Modern and Ancient

All are mad, some after money, some after enjoyments, some after name and fame, and so on. Be not mad after the unreal, the transitory, but after the Real and the Eternal.

—Sri Ramakrishna

Modern science starts with two hypotheses, or as it wants to have them called, two primary facts. Man is the one and the universe around is the other. What does it understand by ‘man’? An embodied being, a Mr. So-and-so having a certain nationality, a faith and a creed. In short it understands by the word ‘man’ an ordinary man of the world with sound common sense. Man is he who sees, hears, smells, tastes and touches by means of his senses, and thinks, feels and wills by means of his mind; and whatever he can observe and experiment upon by means of these senses, he regards that to be a fact, a reality. Everything has to come down to the level of his senses in order to be regarded as a reality, as they alone have the power of establishing the existence of an object by observation and experiment.

He, also finds himself to be full of various wants, nay, he finds his whole life to be a series of almost incalculable wants and to his great relief he finds out at the same time that the world around him has the power to remove them. But although he finds the world to be perfectly capable of removing them, he has to force it to do so. He has to fight with his environment in order to get from it all that he wants. By mere coaxing words he can get nothing out of it. He has to wage an incessant war with it to get all he desires. That is why Charles Darwin, the father of modern evolutionism, has described life as a ‘struggle for existence’; and he has pointed out that only the fittest survive amidst such a struggle. The poet also has described the world to be a battlefield in the following simple and forcible language:

In the world’s broad field of battle,

In the bivouac of Life,

Be not like dumb, driven cattle,

Be a hero in the strife!

Whether man wills or not, constituted as he is, he cannot keep quiet here, as that means death to him. He wants to gather power and he finds out that knowledge brings that much-needed power to him. Formerly electricity used to be regarded as only a destructive force. But now that men have been able to know something about it, they have been able to make it very useful, as carrier of their messages, as motor power for their carriages, as illuminer of their cities and towns. The knowledge of steam power has facilitated communication from one place to another with incredible rapidity; and thus they are very hopeful of getting almost all things necessary, from the knowledge of the universe, in the near future. That is why there is an incessant struggle going on between man and Nature: and as a result of such struggle, man has been able to evolve science or right knowledge about persons and things. Wanting to know about the heavenly bodies, he has evolved astronomy; wanting to know about the animal kingdom, he has evolved zoology; wanting to know about the vegetable kingdom, he has evolved botany; wanting to know the elements out of which the world has come into existence, the laws which govern everything around him, the constitution of his physical organism and the method of its working, the constitution of the world in which he lives and so on, he has evolved chemistry, physics, anatomy, physiology, geology and so on.

By studying matter he has found out its indestructible nature. Although the candle has been burnt out, by weighing the gaseous products of the burnt candle he has found out that not a particle has been lost. Thus matter, being indestructible, is real, and all material bodies are, on that account, real as well; and as the universe is composed of material bodies only, it also must be real. By the study of this material universe we get whatever we want. Hence its study is absolutely necessary. Speculation about the eternal nature of souls is useless, as, being immaterial, souls cannot be brought within the scope of observation and experiment. Now what sort of a universe has been given to us by our modern science? Assuredly a soulless one. It is a universe that does not respond to our call; by sheer exertion, we ourselves are required to get out of it all that we want, both physical and mental. Again, the universe is so very infinitely vast and our capacities are so very deplorably limited, that it is absurd on our part to entertain any hope of knowing it as a whole and hence our knowledge about it will always remain undesirably partial.

The indestructibility of matter was not unknown to our most ancient sages. Kapila, Gautama, Kanada, Patanjali, Jaimini and many others knew its indestructible nature. By way of illustration I should like to narrate to you the incidents that almost destroyed the dynasty of the Yadavas by bringing to an end the blissful career (Leela) of Sri Krishna and all his relatives, children and grandchildren. Knowing the all-powerful Rama and Krishna to be their saviours in all crises, their children and grandchildren became very proud, insolent and irreverent. They used to spend their time mostly in mirth and jollity. Of all the children of Sri Krishna, Samba was the most beautiful. One day some of the children of Sri Krishna dressed him as a woman big with child, an iron mace serving the purpose of his embryo, and they took him to almost every house in Dwaraka to know whether the inmates who had known Samba very well could make him out in his new garb. And when they failed to recognize him, the jolly party had .a very good laugh at their cost. As they were thus marching from one house to another, they came across the great sage Durvasa, and such was their insolence and irreverence, that they took Samba even before him and wanted to know what child the seeming woman would give birth to. The sage, however, came to know all about the fraud by his spiritual insight and, being naturally of a highly choleric temper, replied, ‘The child that this seeming woman will give birth to will bring about the destruction of all of you and the whole family to which you belong, you stupid and irreverent fellows!’ Then they were all taken aback, and knowing that their irreverence and vanity had brought down the wrath of the Brahmana upon the whole clan, were sorely afraid, and went directly to Baladeva’s house to be advised as to what was to be done to obviate the curse. Hearing all, Baladeva told them to rub out the mace on a stone, and then there would remain nothing to be feared, as the mace, the cause of their anxiety, would itself not be in existence to bring any trouble to them. Accordingly, they went to a riverside and rubbed out the whole mace in a short time, and threw away a very small residual bit of iron, deeming it quite harmless, and returned home very glad. But they did not know that the very minute particles of the rubbed-out mace grew into a forest of reeds on the riverside, and the remaining small bit of the mace was swallowed up by a fish which was afterwards caught by a fisherman. When its body was cut open, the little piece was found out by the fisherman and he gave it away to an archer who made an arrowhead out of it.

After a few weeks, Rama and Krishna together with their whole family had a grand picnic very near the place where the mace had been rubbed out. Wine was freely circulated amongst the whole party, At first, all were very jolly. Then they began to find fault with one another, which ended in a bloody quarrel. In the scuffle that ensued, they used up all their weapons and found nothing but the reeds that were standing hard by. They rushed towards them and each one plucked a reed wherewith to strike his opponent. Whoever was even slightly struck with one of them, had to fall down dead on account of the irresistible curse of the sage. In a few minutes, all died except Rama and Krishna, who had not taken part in the quarrel, but were simply sitting quiet to see the