How to write your poetry

How to write

your poetry

Techniques, methods, and recommendations

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Miguel D' Addario

First edition

CE

2021

Contents

Author

Introduction to poetry

The vocation of writing poetry

Exercise 1: Writing Resources

Exercise 2: Interpretation

Write poetry

The rhyme and the measure of the verses

Types of Poems

How to make a poem or poetic text in 6 steps

Types of stanzas and poems

Exercise 3: Lists of alliterations and assonances

Exercise 4: Metaphors and similes for life

Exercise 5: Letters and musicality

Exercise 6: Writing words

Exercise 7: List of words

Exercise 8: Metric exercise

Exercise 9: Guide map for writing a poem

Exercise 10: Write a sonnet

Exercise 11: Write an Ode

Exercise 12: Write a romance

Exercise 13: Create poems from giving examples

Recommendations for writing poetry

So, you want to be a writer? (Fragment)

Tips from Edgar Allan Poe

How to write, by Umberto Eco

Annex Learn to write poetry

Glossary of literary terms

Bibliography

Author

Miguel D’Addario is Italian, he was born in Buenos Aires. Degree in Journalism, Master in Social Education, Master in Sociology and Doctorate in Social Communication from the Complutense University of Madrid. He has developed his experience in various fields of teaching, from Vocational Training to University level, both in Latin America and in Europe. His books are found in different study centers and libraries around the world, such as the San Pablo University of Peru, the University of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic, the University of San Gregorio in Ecuador, the University of Valencia, the National Library of Spain, the National Library. of Argentina, University of Texas, Complutense University of Madrid, University of Toronto, Canada, University of Deusto, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Greater National University of San Marcos (Peru), University of Illinois, University of Kansas, Community Libraries Madrid, Castilla y León, Andalusia, and the Basque Country, British National Library, Harvard University, Library of Congress of the United States.

PhD and essayist, he has received awards and mentions from Writers' Associations, Cultural Centers, Universities and related venues. Also, as Speaker, Lecturer and Researcher, in Universities, Educational Centers, public and private. Author of artistic books: Poetry, Short Story and Stories. Author of educational books, of various levels and topics. Author of books on philosophy, ontology and metaphysics. Author of Self-help and Coaching books. His books are distributed in the five continents, are regularly consulted in Libraries around the world, and are registered in international catalogs, ISBNs and bibliographic databases. They are translated into multiple languages ​​and can be found in international bookstores, both in paper format and in electronic version.

Webs where to know and / or acquire other works of the author:

https://cutt.ly/2t1bmZv

Introduction to poetry

Poetry (from the Greek ποίησις 'action, creation; adoption; fabrication; composition, poetry; poem' <ποιέω 'do, fabricate; engender, give birth; obtain; cause; create') is a literary genre considered as a manifestation of beauty or aesthetic feeling by means of the word, in verse or in prose.

The Greeks understood that there could be three types of poetry, the lyric or song sung with the accompaniment of a lyre or hand harp, which is the meaning that later became generalized for the word, even without music: the dramatic or theatrical and the epic or narrative.

That is why lyrical poetry is generally understood today as poetry. It is also inadmissible as a textual modality (that is, as a type of text).

It is common today to use the term poetry as a synonym for lyric poetry or lyric, although, from a historical and cultural point of view, this is a subgenre or subtype of poetry.

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Historical evolution of the term and the concept

Greece

Originally in the early Western reflections on literature, those of Plato, the Greek word for poetry encompassed the current concept of literature. The term poiesis meant to do, in a technical sense, and refers to all handicraft work, including that carried out by an artist. Such an artist is the ποιητής (poietés) 'creator, author; manufacturer, craftsman; the doer, legislator; poet ', among the multiple translations given by the word. Consequently, poiesis was a term that alluded to creative activity as an activity that gives existence to something that until then did not have it. Applied to literature, it referred to creative art that used the ancient language.

Greek poetry was characterized because it was a communication not intended for reading, but for representation before an audience by an individual or a choir accompanied by a musical instrument.

In his work The Republic, Plato establishes three types of poetry or subgenres: imitative poetry, non-imitative poetry and epic.

Since Plato's literary reflection is within a much broader one of metaphysical dimensions, the criterion used by the Greek philosopher to establish this triple distinction is not literary, but philosophical. Plato, in the first place, describes dramatic creation, the theater, as imitative poetry insofar as the author does not speak in his own name, but makes others speak; describes, for his part, as non-imitative poetry a work where the author does speak in his own name, alluding specifically to the dithyramb, a religious composition in honor of Dionysus; Finally, it establishes a third type of poetry in which the voice of the author would be mixed with the others, the characters, and that is where they place the epic.

From this first Platonic classification, the origin of the link between the poetic genre and the enunciative characteristic of the presence of the author's voice emerges. For the rest, the use of verse is not relevant at this time, since ancient literature was always composed in verse (including theater).

As noted, Plato treats literature in the context of his treatment of particular philosophical problems.

It will be Aristotle, who, for the first time, would face the elaboration of an independent literary theory. The key work is his Poetics (c. 334 BC), that is, his work on poetry.

Aristotle introduces, in the first place, a novel element in the description of poetry, taking into account that, alongside language (the means of imitation characteristic of poetry), in certain forms of poetry it can also be used, other means such as harmony and rhythm. Thus, in dramatic genres, Melic poetry and dithyrambs. And, secondly, when he reflects in the form of imitation, he distinguishes between pure narration or in his own name (dithyramb) and alternate narration (epic), arriving at a division similar to that established by Plato.

Rome

It is one of the oldest artistic manifestations. Poetry uses various devices or procedures: at the phonic-phonological level, such as sound; semantic and syntactic, like rhythm; or the overlapping of words, as well as the breadth of meaning of language.

For some modern authors, poetry is verified in the encounter with each reader, which gives new meanings to the written text. In ancient times, poetry is also considered by many authors a spiritual reality that is beyond art; According to this conception, the quality of the poetic would transcend the sphere of language. For the common, poetry is a way of expressing emotions, feelings, ideas and constructions of the imagination.

Although formerly, both drama and epic and lyric were written in measured verses, the term poetry is usually related to lyric, which, according to Aristotle's Poetics, is the genre in which the author expresses his feelings and personal visions. In a broader sense, situations and objects are said to have poetry that inspire rapturous or mysterious sensations, daydreams, or ideas of beauty and perfection.

Traditionally referred to the passionare love, the lyrical in general, and especially the contemporary one, has addressed both sentimental, philosophical, metaphysical and social issues.

Without thematic specificity, modern poetry is defined by its capacity for synthesis and association. Its main tool is the metaphor; that is, the expression that contains an implicit comparison between the terms that naturally suggest one another, or between which the poet finds subtle affinities. Some modern authors have differentiated metaphor from image, words that are related to traditional rhetoric.

For these authors, the image is the construction of a new semantic reality through the meanings that together suggested a univocal and once different and strange meaning.

History

There are testimonies of written language in the form of poetry in Egyptian hieroglyphics from 25 centuries BC. It is labor and religious songs. The Poem of Gilgamesh, an epic work of the Sumerians, was written in cuneiform characters and on clay tablets about 2000 years before Christ.

The songs of the Iliad and the Odyssey, whose composition is attributed to Homer, date from eight centuries before the Christian era.

The Veda, sacred books of Hinduism, also contain hymns and its latest version is calculated to have been written in the 3rd century BC. By these and other ancient texts it is justifiably supposed that the peoples composed songs that were transmitted orally. Some accompanied the works; others were to invoke the divinities or celebrate them and others to narrate the heroic deeds of the community. Homeric songs speak of episodes long before Homer and their structure allows us to deduce that they circulated from mouth to mouth and that they were sung to the accompaniment of musical instruments. Homer mentioned in his work the figure of the aedo (singer), who narrated events in verse to the beat of the lyre. The one with the songs not only had the purpose of pleasing the rhythm of the ear, but it also made it possible to remember the texts more easily.

Lyric poetry had prominent expressions in ancient Greece. The first poet to choose his motives in everyday life, in the period after Homer's life, was Hesiod, with his work The Works and the Days. About 600 years before Christ dates back the poetry of Sappho, a poet born on the island of Lesbos, author

odes and wedding songs (epithalamus), of which fragments are preserved. Anacreon, born a century later, wrote short pieces, generally dedicated to celebrating wine and youth, of which a few survived. Calino de Efeso and Archiloco de Paros created the elegiac genre, to sing for the dead. Archilochus was the first to use iambic verse (constructed with feet of a short and a long syllable). He also wrote satires. In the V century a. C. reached its peak the choral lyric, with Pindar. They were songs intended for the victors of the Olympic games.

Rome created her poetry dependent of the Greeks. The Aeneid, by Virgil, is considered the first masterpiece of Latin literature, and was written a few years before the Christian era, in the manner of Greek epic songs, to narrate the adventures of Aeneas, a survivor of the Trojan War, until it reaches Italy. The golden age of Latin poetry is that of Lucretius and Catullus, born in the 1st century BC. C., and Horacio (master of the ode), Propercio and Ovidio. Catullus dedicated all his poetry to a beloved, whom he called Lesbia. His love poems, direct, simple and intense, they admired poets of all ttimes.

Chinese poetry

In Chinese poetry, penta syllable and heptasyllable verses were especially cultivated, which in the case of the Chinese language corresponds to verses of five and seven sinographs respectively, since each sinograph represents one