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    Trauma and Emergency Health Care Manual: A Guide for Nursing and Medical Students
    Trauma and Emergency Health Care Manual: A Guide for Nursing and Medical Students
    Trauma and Emergency Health Care Manual: A Guide for Nursing and Medical Students
    Ebook207 pages1 hour

    Trauma and Emergency Health Care Manual: A Guide for Nursing and Medical Students

    By Kuubiere and Wombeogo

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    About this ebook

    This book entitled Trauma and emergency health care manual: a guide for nursing and medical students is a training tool used at School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS) skills laboratory to train nursing and medical students on the basics of emergency health care and management. The expatiation on key emergency or first aid areas such as motor accidents, clothing and helmet removal, functions of a First aider, wounds and fracture management, sepsis and management of infections, resuscitation for both adults and children, poisons, stings and bites are essential for emergency practices in nursing and medical training in Ghana. Emergency care for nurses and medical doctors is a big challenge in the various health facilities in Ghana as almost on daily bases health professionals are confronted with one emergency situation or another due to road traffic or domestic accidents.

    This book is meant to provide a fundamental learning tool for nursing and medical students who happen to be front line medical team members during emergencies.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAuthorHouse UK
    Release dateApr 14, 2014
    ISBN9781491897812
    Trauma and Emergency Health Care Manual: A Guide for Nursing and Medical Students

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      Book preview

      Trauma and Emergency Health Care Manual - Kuubiere

      © 2014 Wombeogo and Kuubiere. All rights reserved.

      No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or

      transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

      Published by AuthorHouse 04/07/2014

      ISBN: 978-1-4918-9780-5 (sc)

      ISBN: 978-1-4918-9781-2 (e)

      Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Thinkstock are models,

      and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

      Certain stock imagery © Thinkstock.

      Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in

      this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views

      expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

      Authors’ contact

      Dr. Michael Wombeogo (PhD (UK), FWACN (Nigeria), FGCNM (Ghana), IPN

      Specialist (Belgium), MA (RSA), MSc (UK), MA (UK), BA (Ghana), ADPM (RSA),

      PGC (RSA), SRN (Ghana), Head Clinical Skills

      Dr. Callistus B. Kuubiere (FACH (Germany), MBCHB (Ghana), BSc (Ghana), Head

      Human Biology Dept and Trauma &Orthopaedic Consultant)

      School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS)

      Box 1350

      Tamale Campus

      University for Development studies (UDS), Tamale, N/R. Ghana

      Tel: 0242388584/0261115892

      Email: mwombeogo@yahoo.com/mwombeogo@gmail.com

      CONTENTS

      Foreword

      Acknowledgement

      Chapter 1 General Principles Of Trauma And Emergency Health Care

      Introduction to Emergency health care

      What is an accident?

      Steps followed when administering First aid in emergency situations

      Response during minor ailments

      The importance of first aid in Emergency health care

      Qualities of emergency health care giver

      Limitations

      Precautions taken when offering Emergency health care

      Measures to prevent or minimise cross infection

      Examination of a casualty at the emergency scene

      Assessment

      The recovery position

      History taking and physical examination

      History Taking steps

      When casualty is conscious

      When casualty is unconscious, look for external clues

      Table 1 Possible signs and symptoms

      Chapter 2 Techniques And Procedures In Emergency Health Care

      Clothing removal technique

      Removing clothing in upper body injuries

      Removing clothing from lower body injuries

      Box 1 Removing an open face helmet

      Box 2 Removing a close or full helmet or headgear

      Monitoring vital signs

      Chapter 3 Principles Of Emergency Wound Care

      Introduction

      What is a wound?

      Classification of wounds

      Background to the fundamentals of the wound healing process

      The clinical (normal) healing mechanism

      Factors influencing wound healing

      Chapter 4 Principles Of Wound Treatment

      Introduction

      The objects of wound treatment

      Methods of treating wounds

      Chapter 5 Essentials Of Anti-Sepsis And Asepsis

      Introduction

      Antisepsis

      Asepsis

      Rapid hands disinfection in emergencies

      Chapter 6 Bleeding From Special Regions Of The Body

      Introduction

      Bleeding from the mouth

      Bleeding from the nose (Epistaxis)

      Bleeding from the lungs

      Bleeding from the urinary tract

      Bleeding from the rectum

      The oesophagus and stomach regions

      Bleeding from the ear (the acoustic meatus)

      Bleeding under the skin

      Chapter 7 Principles And Management Of Shock

      Introduction

      Causes

      Characteristics

      Treatment

      Types of shock and their treatments

      Diagnosis and treatment

      Chapter 8 Principles And Management Of Asphyxia And Resuscitation

      Causes

      Signs and symptoms

      Treatment methods and procedures

      Heimlich Manoeuvre

      Resuscitation

      Phases of the terminal state

      Disturbances of the organ function during the terminal state

      Manual resuscitation techniques

      Emergencies requiring CPR

      Artificial respiration

      Introduction

      When artificial respiration is used

      Principles behind exhaled air resuscitation

      Human intervention techniques

      Mouth-to-mouth (kiss of life)

      Disadvantages of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

      Mouth-to-nose technique

      Advantages of exhaled air resuscitation (EAR)

      Sylvester Brosche method

      The Heimlich manoeuvre

      Procedure for Heimlich manoeuvre

      Chapter 9 Principles Of Managing And Caring For Burns And Scalds

      Introduction

      Degrees of severity of burns or scalds

      Depth of Burns

      Superficial burns

      Partial-thickness burns

      Full-thickness Burns

      Extent of Burns

      In a healthy adult:

      Severe Burns and Scalds

      Complications

      Assessing a Burn

      Treatment

      Severe Burns

      Minor Burns

      Burns to the Mouth and Throat

      Treatment of Burns to the Mouth and Throat

      Minor Burns and Scalds

      Treatment of Minor Burns and Scalds

      Chapter 10 Principles Of Managing Fractures

      Causes

      Symptoms

      Classification of fractures

      Treatment of fractures in emergency situation

      Chapter 11 General Principles And Causes Of Unconsciousness

      Fainting (Syncope)

      Infantile convulsions

      Chapter 12 Poisons And Management In Poisoning

      Introduction

      Types of poisons

      Food poisoning

      Prevention methods

      Chapter 13 Stings And Bites

      Signs and symptoms

      Treating Bee, Wasp and Hornet Stings

      Emergency management

      Scorpion sting

      Signs and symptoms

      Treatment

      Bites

      Treating Spider Bites

      Black Widow Spider Bite

      Brown Recluse Spider Bite

      Non-Venomous Stings and Bites

      Bibliography

      DEDICATION

      This book is dedicated to all nursing and medical students of

      School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS), Tamale

      Campus, University for Development Studies (UDS).

      ABOUT THE BOOK

      This book entitled Trauma and emergency health care manual: a guide for nursing and medical students is a training tool used at School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS) skills laboratory to train nursing and medical students on the basics of emergency health care and management. The expatiation on key emergency or first aid areas such as motor accidents, clothing and helmet removal, functions of a First aider, wounds and fracture management, sepsis and management of infections, resuscitation for both adults and children, poisons, stings and bites are essential for emergency practices in nursing and medical training in Ghana. Emergency care for nurses and medical doctors is a big challenge in the various health facilities in Ghana as almost on daily bases health professionals are confronted with one emergency situation or another due to road traffic or domestic accidents.

      This book is meant to provide a fundamental learning tool for nursing and medical students who happen to be front line medical team members during emergencies.

      FOREWORD

      This book entitled Trauma and emergency health care manual: a guide for nursing and medical students, is a training tool used at School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS) skills laboratory to train nursing and medical students on the basics of emergency health care and management. The expatiation on key emergency or first aid areas such as motor accidents, wounds and fracture management, poisons, stings and bites are essential for emergency practices in nursing and medical training in Ghana. The production of this book has been provoked by the burning concern of nursing students at SMHS of UDS to facilitate learning and skills acquisition in this direction.

      We are sincerely grateful to the students and staff of the SMHS particularly those who encouraged me to produce this book.

      Dr. Michael Wombeogo

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

      We acknowledge the support of our families, friends and students of School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS) of University for Development Studies (UDS). The authors of books, journals and articles from which we made references to, we duly acknowledge you for your impressive pioneering work in this subject matter.

      This book would not be made possible without the support and cooperation of the Vice Chancellor and the Dean of SMHS and the Head of Allied Health Sciences department. We acknowledge the support of Alhaji I.K Antwi, University Librarian of UDS for proof reading and helping with the publication of this book.

      Above all we are highly humbled for the grace and love the Almighty God bestowed on us to facilitate the production of this book. Amen!!!

      The Authors

      CHAPTER 1

      GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TRAUMA

      AND EMERGENCY HEALTH CARE

      Introduction to Emergency health care

      The growing publicity in recent times associated with fatal accidents on the roads, in the factories, at the domestic environment, at school and at playgrounds, is arousing the public conscience and increasing the demands for emergency health care training needs.

      Emergency primary health care often referred to as First Aid, is a combination of emergency medical measures used in the event of a sudden illness or accident which is aimed at saving or sustaining life till appropriate medical/surgical attention is available to enhance it.

      Emergency primary health care is a broad phenomenon of health strategies applied in an immediate and coincidental circumstance in order to avert further suffering, regression of disease condition, danger, and eventual loss of life. Unlike general emergency health care, First Aid is all other forms of assistance available at the instance of the first aid giver and offered for any form of illness or accident pending the arrival of or access to definitive medical assistance.

      Persons who offer emergency health care

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