On Innovation of Treatment of Cancer: Cancer Immune Treatment Combined Chinese with Western Medicine

AuthorHouse™

1663 Liberty Drive

Bloomington, IN 47403

www.authorhouse.com

Phone: 1 (800) 839-8640

© 2016 XuZe XuJie BinWu. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

Published by AuthorHouse 12/23/2015

ISBN: 978-1-5049-6506-4 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-5049-6507-1 (e)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015920095

Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Thinkstock are models,

and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

Certain stock imagery © Thinkstock.

Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Volume II

A Brief Introduction to First Author

A Brief Introduction to Second Author

A Brief Introduction to Third Author

Preface

Acknowledgements

Part I: Formed XZ-C immunomodulatory anticancer therapy theoretical system

Part II: Experimental research, pharmacology and molecular medicine immunity levels Integrative Cancer Research

Part III: XZ-C immunomodulatory anticancer medications

Part IV: List of some typical cases

Part V: Cancer etiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology of experimental research

Pictures

Introduction to Volume II

Volume II of our collection is an unique series of our integrating cancer immune treatment theories which we researched and discovered how central immune organs thymus and bone marrow, immune cells such as T-cell and periphery immune system such as spleen are related to cancer therapy and how we developed our innovating immune regulation medications etc . It is all of our dedicating work of searching the new ways and new medications for cancer therapy. This monograph is full of innovative concepts and contents both on the basis of experimental research and clinical verification which are excellent for cancer patients, especially for the advanced stage of cancer patients, no surgical indication cancer patients.

(1)Dr. XU proposed the comprehensive cancer treatment such as surgery + immune regulation as the main methods; and radiation and chemotherapy as the supplement. The multidisciplinary model for long- term therapy: surgery + biological treatment + immunotherapy and short-term therapy supplemented such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy cannot be long-term and not excessive. The treatment is better to regulate the whole body, but not only kill the cancer cells.

(2).Dr. Xu proposed chemotherapy can be within the target organ vascular chemotherapy.

(3) It is necessary to search and innovate more selective intelligent anticancer drug such as: XZ₁, ₄ are selective drugs. Z-C immune regulation medications protect thymus and increase immune functions.

(4) Many chemotherapy drugs are the absence of chemotherapy sensitivity testing: Dr. Xu Ze recommended to have sensitivity testing (to avoid blindness).

(5) Now the tumor specimens were not cultured for cancer treatment; Dr. Xu Ze proposed that it better to reform to make that the cancer cells are cultured (individual, selective).

(6) Radical surgery should be designed to further research and improvement; Dr. Xu pointed out that the current radical mastectomy are only concerned about the route of lymph node metastasis; however the blood and implant metastasis should be paid attention to because there are several metastasis routes; Dr.Xu Ze proposed that the technology of designation and operation should be reformed and emphasis on tumor-free technology to prevent intraoperative blood cancer cell metastasis.

(7) Thymic atrophy and immune dysfunction is one of pathogenesis of cause of cancer.

(8) Cancer therapy target must be the same time for both tumor and host to establish the comprehensive treatment concept, but not simple to kill the cancer cells to overcome one-sided treatment concept.

(9) Cancer in the body mainly exist in three forms and the third form of cancer is the cells on the metastasis route which should be focused on.

(10) The whole process of cancer development was two point and one line theory. Cancer treatment should pay attention to two points and also cut off line; the cancer treatment has three steps and three policies to develop the third field.

In brief, our experimental surgery research explored the cancer etiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology experimental study since 1985. On animal models and clinics practice level 48 kinds of Chinese medications were selected into our XZ-C ₁₋₁₀ immune regulation medications. Out-patient medical records have been kept for more than 20 years, nearly more than 12,000 cases, follow-up and long-term follow-up to establish the patient medical records library and achieve wonderful results.,

Science - is endless frontier.

Our scientific work has followed the scientific concept of development, based on the known science, to look forward. After 28 years of long and hard work, facing the frontiers of science, innovative and forward, we deeply appreciate:

• To overcome cancer, it must come from the clinic, through experimental study, go to the clinic in order to solve practical problems of patients;

• Must be realistic, speak with facts, data; must constantly self-transcendence, self-advancement;

• The research should address the ideological shackles, get rid of the traditional old ideas, based on independent innovation and original innovation.

• Our two decades of research line is to find the problem →ask a question →research questions → solve problems or explain the problem. The road walks out step by step and it is difficult journey. Under the guidance of the concept of development we hope to walk out a Chinese characteristics way with innovation and properity.

• Our oncology research model is based on patient-centered to discover questions from clinical work, then come back to the in-depth animal experiments, and then turn to the clinical application in order to improve overall level of health care and ultimately the patient gets the benefit.

• Experimental surgery is extremely important in the medicine development and is a key to open the medicine box. After lots of animal studies many diseases have achieved stability of results and then is used clinically to promote the development of the medical industry.

A Brief Introduction to the Author

Xu Ze, male, born in Leping County of Jiangxi Province in Oct. 1933, gradated from Tongji Medical University in 1956, successively held the post of director of department of surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, professor, chief physician, tutor of postgraduate and doctoral student, President of Experimental Surgery Restitute Institute of Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Director of Abdominal Tumor Surgery Research Room and Director of Anti Carcinomatous Metastasis and Reoccurrence Research Room. in addition, he held concurrent posts of Standing Director of China Medical Association Wuhan Branch, Vice President of Wuhan Micro-circulation Academy, Academic Member of International Liver Disease Research, Cooperation and Exchange Center, Member of International Surgeon Union, Standing Member of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Editorial Board of China Experimental Surgery Journal, Standing Member of 1st, 2dn and 3rd Editorial Board of Abdominal Surgery Journal. Enjoying Special Allowance of State Council.

He has been engaged in surgery work for 49 years and accumulated rich experience in radical operation of lung cancer, esophageal carcinoma, liver cancer, carcinoma of gallbladder, adenocarcinoma of pancreas, gastric carcinoma and intestinal cancer as well as in clinical therapy with Chinese Traditional Medicine combined with Western Medicine of prevention of reoccurrence and metastasis after operation.

He has been engaged in scientific research of surgery for 15 years and obtained many fruits, among which the task of Experimental Study and Clinical Application of Self-made Type Z-C1 Abdominal Cavity---Vein Flow Turning Unit in Therapy of Chronic Ascites of Hepatic Cirrhosis issued by Science Commission of Hubei Province was awarded Second Prize of Scientific Fruit by People’s Government of Hubei Province and was popularized and applied in 38 hospitals in 12 provinces all over the country in 1982. The task Experimental Study on Physiological Mechanism and Pathogenesis of Schistosome with Method of Experimental Surgery, issued by National Natural Fund Commission was awarded Second Prize of Scientific Fruit by People’s Government of Hubei Province in 1986.

He began to study the tumor experience, established the tumor animal model and metastasis and reoccurrence animal model and probed into the mechanism and rules of carcinomatous metastasis and reoccurrence to find out the method to inhibit the metastasis. 48 kinds of Chinese traditional herbs that could counteract the intrusion, metastasis and reoccurrence were found and selected from a large number of natural herbs. Based on this, he invented and developed China Xu Ze (Z-C) Medicine Treating Malignancy, which had remarkable curative effects through over 10 years’ clinical validation of many cases.

He has been engaged in teaching for 40 years and has cultivated many young doctors, 10 masters and 2 doctors. He has released 126 papers, published New Understanding and New Mode of Therapy of Cancer as the editor in charge, participate in writing 8 medical exclusive books including Therapeutics of Liver Disease, Surgery of Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas and Surgical Operation of Abdomen.

A Brief Introduction to the Second Author

Xu Jie, male, graduated from Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine in 1992 and from Department of Clinical Medicine of Hubei Medical University (now the Medicine School of Wuhan University) in 1996, serving as the associate chief physician of the surgery in Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, namely Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and engaged in study on experimental tumor of experimental surgery and the clinical work of general surgery and urinary surgery.

Since 1992, he has participated in study on the experimental tumor in Research Institute of Experimental Surgery of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, made the transplantation of cancer cells, established the tumor animal model, carried out a series of study on experimental tumor; probed in the mechanism and rules of cancerous reoccurrence and metastasis, screened and studied through the in vivo tumor-inhibiting experiment on the tumor-bearing animal model over 200 kinds of traditional Chinese herbs that may play a role in anticancer and cancer inhibition held by the literature and found and screened 48 kinds of traditional Chinese herbs with the role in preventing cancerous invasion, metastasis and reoccurrence from a large number of natural herbs.

He has participated in the clinical verification of XZ-C Medicine and the follow-up survey, completed the experimental study and clinical verification, data processing, collection and summary of this book.

A Brief Introduction to the Third Author and the Main Translator

Bin Wu, MD, Ph.D., graduated from College of Yunyang of Tongji University of Medical Sciences for her MD degree; studied her Master degree and her Ph. D degree in Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences. After she received her Ph.D., she worked as a Post-doctoral Fellow in the Johns Hopkins Medical School and University of Maryland Medical School. She passed all of her USMLE tests and is going to do her residency training in America. She dedicates herself to oncology clinical and research. Her goal is to conquer cancer, which she believes this is great contribution to our health. She has a daughter, Lily Xu.

Preface

These series monographs are not the books which we wrote down only, but things which we accomplished, all of which are from our clinical experiences, lessons, reviews, profound considerations and practices.

The contents in these series are the experimental research results and harvests.

The contents in these series are the true records of the scientific practices from the experiments to clinics, then from clinics to the scientific experiments and scientific practices. It is the conclusion of the experimental research and clinical verification(proof), then up to the theory best features and put forward to new discoveries, new knowledge, new theories, all of which are clinical and practicable new theories and can guide the clinical treatments. All of these should move medicine into clinical applications to instruct the clinical theory work so that the patients get benefits.

The contents in these series are the experimental research summary, sorting, and collection into the volumes from more than half century of my practice experience and around 20 years of experimental researches; these scientific research harvest and scientific technological innovation series are all information of myself which contents are international innovation and original innovation. Some of them are advanced in international and independent innovation, all of which are the independent knowledge property.

These contents match the transferring medicine contents. Our scientific research in the 28 peroid are from clinical-----experimentals-----clinical -----experimental---to clinical, then come back clinical to solve the practicable clincial question. and our research models completely match this new medical and scientific models.

The content of transferring medicine: This transferring medicine develop very fast in international which promote that the patients should be center to find out and proved the questios and deeply research the basic research, then apply these basic research harvest into the clinics so that the general medical care level will increase and the patients will get the benefits.The former administrator in healthy department analyze these transferring medicine: First, transferring medicine is a subject which two directory passage; frome clinical to lab and from lab to clinics to deeply understand the disease of the mechanism of ocurrence and progress development prevention health to find out the new strategies of prevention and treatment.

Second, transferring the research scientific results into the practicable intervention method and technology and project(programs) so that they can be widely used.

The whole health organization point out: 21 century medicine should not continue the main research field on the diseases, but on the human health. Academician Chen Lian point out: healthy business model should be transferred into focusing on prevention from the treatment of large later stages of the diseases and move forward the gates of the diseases and control the diseases and to strengthen the prevention medicine research should be important projects for the global medicine models.

The transferring medicine in our country research and the modernization and internationalization of traditional medicine and traditional medications should be one of the important points of our transferring medicine research.

Acknowledgements

This book is for all of people who concern human being health. We are deep grateful to all of people who like our new ways to improve our human being health.

My daughter Lily Xu gives me many smart and creative ideas while we were finishing this book.

I would like to express our sincere gratitude to the following:

1). All of Authorhouse staffs

2). Dr. Xu Ze’s family and Dr. Xu Jie’s family

3). Mrs. Bo Wu’s family and Mrs. Tao Wu’s family: especially their daughters Chongshu Luo and Xunyue Wang

4). Medchi CEO: Gene Ransom III gives us great help

Bin Wu, M.D., Ph.D.

Part I Formed XZ-C immunomodulatory anticancer therapy theoretical system

Table of Contents

Foreword

1. Cancer Therapy concepts

2. Cancer etiology and pathogenesis

3. Theoretical and experimental evidence of cancer treatment

4. Cancer treatment principles

5. Cancer treatment modalities

6. Cancer metastasis treatment principles

7. New Concept of treatment of cancer metastasis

8. How to stop cancer cells metastasis? Cancer metastasis treatment trilogy

9. Cancer treatment methods and drugs

10. Immune pharmacology of XZ-C Immune regulation anti-cancer medications

11. Formed theoretical system of XZ-C anticancer treatment

12. Our research journey of thinking and scientific thinking

Foreword

Why do I get the title Embark on a new way to overcome cancer? The origin of the title is due to the guidelines and revelations from several experts, scholars, seniors and teacher letters:

Wu Min academician mentioned on July 2, 2001: The overall impression is that the model from the clinical to the experiment and from experiments to clinical is good, taking the road of combining Chinese and Western is very correct, and sincerely wish you continue to move forward and walk out of a new way to overcome cancer.

On February 22, 2006 Tang Zhao academician mentioned: ...... Chinese medicine and biological therapy are the most promising two anti-metastasis ways, particularly in traditional Chinese medicine, I hope you get out of the characteristic antimetastatic road.

On March 22, 2006 Liuyun Yi academician said: ...... I agreed to your questions and ideas of overcoming cancer in the book very much ...... hope you make a breakthrough in Chinese medicine contribution so that the majority of patients get benefit and so that Chinese medicine develops further and our medical career can reach world levels.

January 9, 2006 Wu Xian academician mentioned: ...... tumor is hard bone to hoe, but it should continue to bite down, but fortunately we are very happy to support, only if effective, whether it is in the treatment of tumors and body, or reduce the radiation and chemical reaction and on April 10, 2012 the letter mentioned:. ...... I think you walked out a very unique street, traditional Chinese medicine to apply formulations, methods taking medications, pharmaceutical composition, innovations of XZ-C series of drugs, developed your own patents, which should continue down this road.

We thank them for their guidance and help for our research work, scientific thinking, research objectives, research route, research guidelines, research methods. Our research work has been to follow the guidance in the direction of their efforts. In here I give my great gratitude to Wu Min, Tang Zhao, Wu Jiang Zhong, Liuyun Yi and other academicians.

Our 28 years (1985 - present) cancer research work in animal studies, clinical basic research, clinical validation has made a series of scientific and technological innovation, scientific research. After 20 years of hard work, XZ-C Immune Regulation anti-cancer therapy has formed and a new way to overcome cancer has taken out.

20 years of experimental and clinical research in this series has been enthusiastically supported and cordially guided by international renowned foreign scientists and medical dean of general surgery Qiu FaZhu academician. In 1990 when I presented eight five key scientific and technological project (further explore the anti-cancer herbal liver cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, cancer, experimental and clinical studies of anti-metastatic precancerous lesions on) application to China Science and Technology department, Academician Qi gave instructions on expert advice: Study how to prevent cancer metastasis and metastasis is currently a very important topic, the experimental study to investigate prevention methods in clinical practice is feasible, is beneficial to the people’s work. Under the influence and guidance of my teacher Qiu Fazhu’s rigorous scientific study style, we completed the initial project work above, hereby express my gratitude.

Scientific literature must have nutritional feeding. In 1986 when we have just established a legitimate animal model experimental surgical laboratory to manufacture cancer metastasis experimental research, we read Professor Gao Jin’s book invasion and metastasis - basic research and clinical, read Tang Zhao academician monograph HCC metastasis, basic and clinical recurrence, which theories of two books make us suddenly understanding, also encouraged and facilitated our experimental work and clinical verification from the other sides. Professor Tang Zhaoyou in his monograph that read: The next important goal of primary liver cancer study - Prevention of recurrence and metastasis, and said: The transfer of further recurrence has become a bottleneck to improve the survival rate of liver cancer, is the most important fight against cancer One of the difficulties. This theoretical literature has given us to update thinking, innovative wisdom and courage, but also strengthened the confidence and determination of our experimental group work. In here I gave Tang Zhao academician and Professor Gao Jin my extend gratitude.

For seven years, we used more than 6000 tumor-bearing animal models one after another to explore a fundamental problem. Selecting 200 kinds of Chinese herbal flavor carried by tumor-bearing animal model experiments in vivo anti-tumor screening were completed by my graduates such as Dr.Zhu Siping master, Dr. Zou Shaomin, Dr. Li Zhengxun Master, Master Dr.Liu Liling, etc., who conducted and completed a lot of painstaking experimental work. Hard work! day and night! they made a contribution to prevent the development of cancer tumor experiments. Here are my sincere thanks.

1. Cancer Therapy concepts

Summary:

1) Traditional concept is that cancer cells keep dividing and proliferation and its treatment goal must be to kill cancer cells so that traditional concept of cancer therapeutics is based on killing cancer cells. In order to achieve cure, it must be to kill the last cancer cell so that people used to expand operations, intensive chemotherapy and radical radiotherapy, but the results are not satisfactory.

2) New model of cancer therapy is that: cure should be regulated, not by killing. The last step of cure of cancer cells should be to mobilize action to control the reproduction of the host, rather than the elimination of the last of the cancer cells.

1. Traditional concept of therapeutic cancer

Traditional therapeutic concepts believe that cancer is that cancer cells keep dividing and proliferating and the treatment goal must be to kill cancer cells. Therefore, the traditional goal of three treatments are based on killing cancer cells.

The principle of current cancer therapeutics is based on the following precondition: in order to achieve the goal of heal, it is necessary to kill or eliminate the last cancer cells. As a result, people adopt the expanded operation and strengthen chemotherapy and radical radiotherapy. However, the curative effects are not so satisfying. At the beginning of 1960s, the extent of surgical operation on tumor tended toward expansion and a series of super-radical operations had been developed. Subsequently, it has been proven by the practice for years that the expansion of extent of surgical removal of the cancer cells, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer, has not improved the cancer-free survival time and total survival time. In 1980s, the one receiving intensive chemotherapy and radical radiotherapy could not achieve the improvement of survival quality or elongation of survival time. Since the hematopiesis function and immunologic function of the bone marrow are seriously restricted, some complications endangering the life are coming out. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a new mode to probe into the cancer, strive for opening a new way and renew the concept from the clinical and experimental data.

To sum up, the concept of traditional cancer therapeutics holds the tumor is based on the maniac division and proliferation of the cells, so the cancer cells are the arch criminal, as a result, the target of the treatment goal of the traditional cancer therapeutics is the cancer cell, namely killing-off of the cancer cells.

2. A new concept in cancer therapy

Cure should be through regulation, not by killing

The assumptive new mode of cancer therapeutics includes some new examples and its predominant idea holds that cancer is a kind of disease, the regulation and signal transmission among the cells are disrupted instead of loss and the carcinogenesis is a continuous entity with possibility of reversion.

The understanding of the cancer by the new mode is based on information transfer and regulation and control. It is convinced that the canceration is a process of evolvement step by step, however, it holds that they may be potentially reversed. The new model of cancer believed: heal should be adopted through regulation and non-destruction.

It is indicated by the clinical and experimental experience that the tumor keeps a certain response relation with the host. When the tumor results from the unbalance of regulation and control instead of the autonomy of the tumor, some clinical phenomena can be easily understood. Clinically, it is known by us that the cancer cells can make adaptative response to the environment of the host at high level. The long-term application of immunosuppressant may induce the tumor, when the immunosuppressant is suspended, the tumor can be entirely released. Although the factors inducing the tumor have not been proven, the reaction of host determines the final results. The kidney transplantation tumor with metastasis to the lung will be entirely released after suspension of the antirejection therapy. It looks as if the pregnancy improves the relation between the tumor and the host. Now people have focused on killing the tumor, developed so many therapeutic methods and developed many anti-cancer cytotoxic drugs in the past half a century, however, they cannot prevent the attack and metastasis of tumor.

Viewed from the data, the cytotoxic drugs as the assistant of radiotherapy after operation also cannot prevent the reoccurrence and metastasis of the cancer because most of them severely inhibit the immunity even the non-immunological part of the host reaction. When people increase the concentration and dosage of the chemotherapeutic drugs to make them more aggressive to the cancer cells (such as intensified radiotherapy), we right lead the mechanism of long-term survival or healing to the more dangerous way, even bring about the artificial or iatrogenic immunologic function breakdown.

Viewed from molecular biology, the cancer results from the change in DNA structure. It is the unbalanced differentiation of the cells caused by the genetic information that introduces the normal nucleic acid to the cancer cells via the genetic engineering, inducing the tumor cells to differentiate to the normal cells. Shanghai Tumor Research Institute had extracted RNA from the normal hepatic cells, then incubated and cultivated it together with the liver cancer cells to correct the abnormal genetic activities of the liver cancer cells through the regulation and control reaction of normal liver RNA so as to make it reversed to the normal cells. The scientists now are looking for the bioactive substances related to the genetic information, for example, the normal mRNA can induce the cancer cells to reverse to the normal cells.

The precondition of adopting the cytotoxic drugs to treat the tumor is the understanding that the it is not only possible but also necessary to kill the last cancer cell until it is proven by the clinic application and the lab that the tumor has been entirely eliminated, as is the prerequisite of healing the patient suffering from the tumor. However, according to our experience over 20 years, this argumentation is contradictory. Some clinical cases show that killing can shrink or subside the tumor, however, it cannot directly heal the tumor. Although the dosage of cytotoxic drug is increased and most of the cancer cells are subsided, the survival rate of the patient is not improved. Soon after, it will reoccur and the tumor will be enlarged.

All the obviously healed patients do not seem to adopt the mode of killing the cancer cells. For example, the treatment of tumor with platinum-based drug seems to be related to the induced cell differentiation. The action of interferon and interleukin to the sensitive cells is realized by the regulation and control mechanism. As to the levamisole as the adjuvant for carcinoma of large intestine, it is deemed that its effects are from the change in host reaction.

We had tried out best to kill the cancer cells to treat the cancer before, however, no great achievements had been made. Later, enlarged radical operation, intensified chemotherapy and radical radiotherapy were adopted. However, the results were not ideal and they could not improve the survival quality of the patient suffering from cancer and the survival time of the patient suffering from cancer after operation.

In the recent 50 years, the treatment of cancer by traditional Chinese medicine has made great achievements. A large number of data indicate that the cancer cells can coexist with the host and they may not always damage the host. In the recent 16 years, among 12000 patients suffering from metaphase and advanced cancer treated by Shuguang Tumor Research Institute and Wuchang Shuguang Tumor Special Clinic, some reoccurrence and metastasis patients, such as the patients with anastomotic stoma reoccurrence cancer and gastric carcinoma that cannot be ablated or treated through radiotherapy and chemotherapy, after taking Z-C medicine for a long time over 3-5 years, the conditions are controlled and stabilized, they can survive with tumor (coexist with the tumor) and take care of themselves, the survival quality is good and the survival quality is obviously prolonged.

It is deemed by us that undoubtedly we should kill the foreigners invading the body, however, as to the cancer cells, we shall make a differential treatment just because they are only the variant tissues in the normal body of the host, here we reaffirm that the cancer shall be treated through regulating the control over them by the mechanism instead of the necessary and impossible killing-off of all cancer cells.

Since we have a new cognition of the cancer concept, then, the concept of cancer therapeutics shall renew the thought, the understanding and the concepts and innovate the therapeutic theory and technology.

In view of the experience and lessons of the author over half a century, now we should research the urgent problems in the current cancer study, seek for the breakthrough for clinical research from the weak link of the modern medicine and find the breakthrough of prevention and control from the invasion, reoccurrence and metastasis, look for the anti-reoccurrence and anti-metastasis drugs from the chemical drugs and the natural herbs and deepen the new understanding of the cancer concept at the molecular level, genetic level, integrated treatment level and targeted treatment.

2. Cancer etiology and pathogenesis

Thymic atrophy, immune dysfunction may be one of the etiology and pathogenesis of cancer

This lab has made a series of experimental study on animal to probe into the pathogenic factors and pathophysiology of cancer. Through analyzing and reflecting the results of experimental study, we obtain new findings, new thinking and new enlightenments: one of the pathogenic factors may be thymus atrophy, damaged thymus function and inferior immunologic function. Therefore, Professor Xu Ze initiated that one of the pathogenic factors may be thymus atrophy, damaged function of central immune organ, inferior immunologic function, inferior immunological surveillance and immunologic escape.

1. Cancer etiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of experimental research discoveries

Nearly 16 years the author conducted a series of animal studies to search for the etiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of cancer, to explore mechanism of cancer invasion, recurrence, metastasis, and to find effective measures to control.

Experimental Surgery is extremely important in the development of medical science and is a key to open the box medicine. Many diseases control methods are achieved after many experiments the stability of the results of animal studies only after clinical application. So, I established Experimental Surgery Laboratory conducting experiments in cancer research, cancer cell transplant purposes, establishing tumor animal model, carrying out the following series of experiments in cancer research: ① to explore the experimental study of cancer etiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology; ② To explore mechanisms and laws of cancer recurrence, metastasis; ③ investigate the relationship between the tumor and immune and immune organs and between immune organs and tumor; ④ To investigate method of curbing tumor progression, progressive atrophy of immune organs and of immune reconstitution; ⑤ looking for effective measures of regulating cancer invasion, recurrence and metastasis.

From cancer experimental research the author and his colleagues conducted a full four-year experimental cancer research in order to explore the cancer etiology, pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis mechanism to find the regulation, intervention invasion, recurrence, metastasis and effective measures.

Experiment 1: this lab excises thymus (TH) and establishes the cancer-bearing animal model.It is proven by the study conclusions: the occurrence and development of the cancer has remarkably affirmative relation with the thymus of the immune organ of the host and its functions.

Experiment 2: Does the inferior immune lead to the cancer or the cancer lead to the inferior immune at all? Our experimental results: the inferior immune leads to the occurrence and development of the cancer, without the descent of immunologic function, it is not easy to realize the successful inoculation. It is suggested by the experimental results: improving and maintaining the good immunologic function and protecting the good thymus of the central immune organ are the important measures for preventing the occurrence of cancer.

Experiment 3: in studying the relation between the metastasis of cancer and the immune, this lab establishes animal models for liver metastatic carcinoma, which are divided into two groups including Group A applied with immune depressant and Group B not applied with immune depressant. Results: the metastatic lesions in the liver in Group A are obviously more than the ones in Group B. It is suggested by the experimental results: metastasis is related to the immune and inferior immunologic function or application of immune depressant may promote the tumor metastasis.

Experiment 4: When making experiments to probe into the effects of tumor on immune organ, this lab finds that the thymus meets with progressive atrophy with the advance of the cancer. The thymus of the host meets with the acute progressive atrophy after the cancer cells are inoculated, the cell proliferation is prevented and the volume is obviously shrunk. It is suggested by the experimental results: the tumor may inhibit the thymus, resulting in the atrophy of the immune organ.

Experiment 5: we also find through experiment that if some experimental mice are not successfully inoculated or the tumor is very small, the thymus is not obviously shrunk. In order to understand the relation between the tumor and the atrophy of the thymus, we excise the transplanted solid tumor of one group of mice when it grows up to the size of a thumb. After one month, through anatomy, we find the thymus does not meet with progressive atrophy again. Therefore, it is inferred by us that maybe the solid tumor produces one kind of unknown factor to inhibit the thymus, which shall be further studied through experiment.

Experiment 6: it is proven by the above-mentioned experimental results: the advance of the tumor makes the thymus meet with progressive atrophy, then, can we take some measures to prevent the atrophy of the thymus of the host? Therefore, we further perfect the design to seek for the method or drug to prevent the atrophy of the thymus of the cancer-bearing mice through the experimental study on animal. So we make the experimental study to recover the function of the immune organ through cell transplantation of the immune organ. We discuss the atrophy of the thymus of the immune organ in preventing the advance of tumor, seek for the method to recover the functions of the thymus and reconstruct the immune, carry out the cell transplantation of foetal liver, spleen and thymus with the mice and establish the immunologic function through adoptive immunity. It is shown by the results: through the joint transplantation of three groups of cells, namely S, T and L, the entire extinction rate of the tumor in the long term is 46.67% and the one with the entire extinction of the tumor get a long survival life.

Experiment 7: in the experiment to probe into the effects of tumor on the immune organ such as spleen, we find: the spleen can inhibit the growth of the tumor in the early stage of the tumor, however, in the late stage, the spleen meets with the progressive atrophy. It is suggested by the study results: the effects of spleen on the growth of the tumor are embodied into bi-direction, in the early stage, it can inhibit the tumor to a certain extent, however, in the late stage, it fails to inhibit the tumor. The cell transplantation of the spleen can enhance the role of inhibiting the tumor.

Experiment 8: it is suggested by the results of the follow-up survey: control over the metastasis is the key to cancer treatment. Now it is well known that the cancer cell metastasis has multiple steps and links. In order to try to interrupt one link so as to prevent the metastasis, we consider the formation of the regenerative blood vessel of tumor is one of the links in which the metastatic cancer cells can nidate, root and grow into the cancer node or not. In 1986, this lab was making the microcirculation study and we observed the formation of the blood capillary of transplanted tumor node of cancer-bearing mice and its flow rate and flow with the micro-circle microscope; then we tried to seek for the drugs for prevention of the formation of the tumor blood vessel from the natural herbs, observed the formation process of the regenerative blood vessel with Olympus micro-circle microscope photograph system and counted the flow rate and flow of the arteriole and venule, found Common Threewingnut Root acetic ether extract (TG) from the traditional Chinese herbs and carried out the blood vessel inhibition test. It was found from the results: in the first day of inoculation there was no regenerative blood vessel and in the second day it was found that the fine micro regenerative blood vessel grew up. TG can reduce the density of the regenerative blood capillary of the tumor.

Experiment 9: we also found from a large batch of tumor-bearing animal models in the lab that the more the hypodermically inoculated solid tumor of some cancer-bearing experimental mice, the more different the cancer cells of the central tissue of the transplanted solid tumor from the peripheral cancer cells. The center of the node is mostly aseptically necrosed or liquefied its periphery is still surrounded with active cancer cells. Therefore, in the clinical treatment, we adopted the measures to treat the aseptic necroses.

2. Discussion methods of preventing cancer progression and thymic atrophy and of rebuilding the immune function

One of the etiology and pathogenesis of tips from the experimental study is that cancer may be thymus atrophy, thymocyte proliferation is blocked, the thymus dysfunction, immune dysfunction, resulting in immune escape of malignant cells.

Now that along with the progress of the tumor, thymus atrophy occurs, then how to prevent thymus from shrinking? Through animal studies