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    The Amir: The Umayyads Vs the Abbasids and Their Successors the Wahhabis
    The Amir: The Umayyads Vs the Abbasids and Their Successors the Wahhabis
    The Amir: The Umayyads Vs the Abbasids and Their Successors the Wahhabis
    Ebook74 pages53 minutes

    The Amir: The Umayyads Vs the Abbasids and Their Successors the Wahhabis

    By Harry Giles

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    About this ebook

    When the Islamic Ummayads were in power, everything went well. They conquered Palestine, Mesopotamia, Persia, India, Afghanistan, Egypt, North Africa, Spain, Sicily, Cyprus, part of Turkey, and the islands off SpainMinorca and Majorca. They also extended their conquests to the approaches to China when they conquered Turkestan and entered the Sind Valley. They went north from Spain into France, after taking Narbonne and other cities, and then went west and conquered Portugal.

    They were intolerant in the beginning but changed in Spain. Christians and Jews occupied positions of honor. Their currency included the cross, as did many of their public buildings. For the most part, they were killed off by non-Arabs from Persia and Iraq, led by some Arabs called Abbasids who had their own form of Islam. One Umayyadthe nephew of the leading Umayyad killed in Egypt by assassinsAbdur al-Rahman, escaped to his mothers Berber family, in what is now Morocco, and went into Spain. There he continued the Umayyad tradition of acceptance of the people of the book. Using that, he created a powerful, tolerant, educated society that used mosques as centers of learning and finance ministers who were Jews and were entrusted with international business and foreign diplomacy. They kept their Muslims as good farmers and soldiers.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherXlibris US
    Release dateDec 30, 2016
    ISBN9781524570606
    The Amir: The Umayyads Vs the Abbasids and Their Successors the Wahhabis
    Author

    Harry Giles

    Harry Giles discovered by being bored how to raise his intelligence to thirty-three points above Einstein. He was a lawyer/economist/psychologist who ran the leading academic schools in the West and, probably, in the world. He designed school curricula and developed methods to increase the operating intelligence of children from twenty-five to sixty-five IQ points. He founded the first bilingual school in Canada. It had three and foure languages in it. He started early academic intervention in every aspect of the curriculum. As an economist, he was offered the posts of deputy minister of finance in Kuwait for life and executive director of the Saudi economy at a huge salary, but he declined because of the role played by the Wahhabi. As an apartment owner in Spain, this led him to become aware of the role played by the Muslim Umayyads, making Andalusia the cultural and intellectual center of the world and tolerant of Christians and Jews. He wrote a book about it. An outstanding appellate counsel, he was asked by the chief justice of the High Court to give up education, which would lead him to being appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada by the time he was forty and Chief Justice of Canada before he died. He replied that education was more important. Active in classical music, art, and drama, he tried to put beauty into every aspect of the school curricula and make school exciting and fun. He also lectured at the university level.

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      Book preview

      The Amir - Harry Giles

      Copyright © 2017 by Harry Giles.

      All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

      Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Thinkstock are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

      Certain stock imagery © Thinkstock.

      Rev. date: 12/19/2016

      Xlibris

      1-888-795-4274

      www.Xlibris.com

      753894

      Contents

      Introduction

      The Amir

      At Gaza

      Tunis (Ifriqiya) (120 /752)

      Kabile in Ifrique (122/754)

      Volubulus (123/755)

      Nazur (123/755)

      Ceuta (123/755)

      Almunecar (123/755)

      Cordoba (123 /755

      On The banks of the river near Cordoba (124 /756)

      Cordoba Bedr’s Return

      Medinat al- Zahara 3 years later (128/759)

      Medinat al-Zahara 3 years later(143/761)

      Bagdhad (144/762)

      Mendinat al-Zahara 4 years later (147/765)

      Mendinat al-Zahara (153/771)

      Mendinat al Zahara 167/785

      Al Rusafa (169/787)

      On the Tigrus, at the fortress of the Abbasids (156 /788)

      Introduction

      When the Islamic Ummayads were in power, everything went well. They conquered Palestine, Mesopotamia, Persia, India, Afghanistan, Egypt, North Africa, Spain, Sicily, Cyprus, part of Turkey, and the islands off Spain, Minorca, and Majorca. They also extended their conquests to the approaches to China, when they conquered Turkestan, and entered the Sind Valley. They went north from Spain into France, after taking Narbonne, and other cities, and went west, and conquered Portugal.

      They were tolerant in the beginning, as in Spain. Christians and Jews occupied positions of honor. Their currency included the cross, as did many of their public buildings. For the most part, they were killed off by non-Arabs from Persia and Iraq, led by some Arabs, called Abbasids, who had their own form of Islam. One Umayyad, the nephew of the leading Umayyad killed in Egypt by assassins, Abdur al-Rahman escaped to his mother’s Berber family, in what is now Morocco, and went into Spain. There he continued the Umayyad tradition of acceptance of the people of the book. Using that, he created a powerful, tolerant, educated society which used Mosques as centers of learning, and finance ministers who were Jews, who they entrusted with international business, foreign diplomacy. They kept their Muslims as good farmers, and soldiers.

      Arabic in Spain (al-Andalus) became the language of civilization. Jews and Christians were treated well, and permitted to practice their own religions, even if most learned, and like the Berbers and the Arabs, loved to write poetry in Arabic. Their women poets wrote the best poetry in Arabic, perhaps because women were better treated, and had a higher status, that women did under the Abbasids (and later, under the Wahhabi).

      Abdur al-Rahman, the first Amir, built the famous beautiful mosque at Cordoba, their capital, starting in 785.He defeated repeated attempts by the Abbasids, to overthrow him. He defeated an invasion with the Basques, by Charlemagne, and was feared by the Abbasids as far away as Baghdad. His successors defeated a Norman invasion.

      Their commitment to education led them to translate foreign books. They had started in Damascus, and the Abassids extended their translations, and did much more in that area. But the Umayyads bought all of what the Abbasids translated as well. Before the Abbasids were destroyed, as well as Baghdad, and their libraries, by the Huns, the Umayyads had libraries in Cordoba, Seville, Granada, Toledo, Cadiz, probably totalling close to 1 million hand written volumes while the rest of Europe, had about 1,500. The main library in Cordoba had over 400,000, and a subsidiary library had 200,000. Cordoba had dozens of other mosques, and fountains, and baths everywhere. The Umayyad Arabs, were probably the cleanest, most educated humans on earth. When the Baghdad libraries perished with the Mongol attacks, the Umayyad libraries survived, and though them, the history philosophy, culture, and what was Greece at its height survived too, in Arabic. That led to us knowing Greek culture, medicine, the works of Plato, and Aristotle, Euripides, and Sophocles, and the rest of Greek history and literature.

      Despite moving north from Baghdad to escape the hostility of the people there, the Abbasid fortress up the Euphrates was destroyed as well by the Mongols. Abdur al-Rahman was also interested in such various things as construction, including the raising of the roof, and the double arches in the Mosque. His construction extended to aqueducts, and the building of the dozens of fountains, bathing sites in Cordoba, and elsewhere.

      He brought the palm to Spain, where

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