Epic of Eden: Isaiah
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About this ebook
Often named “the fifth gospel,” the book of the prophet Isaiah has more to say about Israel’s coming Messiah than any other Old Testament book. Brilliant, courageous, uncompromising, this prophet declared that “the year of the LORD” had come and God’s people needed to either step up or stand down. Indeed, when Isaiah spoke, kings trembled. But too often, when Isaiah speaks today, God’s people have trouble hearing. Why? We often miss the larger context. In The Epic of Eden: Isaiah, Dr. Sandra Richter takes participants back to the eighth century BCE. This ten-week study explains Israel’s religion and economy, explores the definition and role of the prophets, and helps us to apply the message of this great champion of the faith to our lives today.
Sandra L. Richter
Sandra L. Richter (PhD, Harvard University) is Robert H. Gundry Chair of Old Testament Studies at Westmont College. She is a graduate of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary and Harvard University's Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations department, and she previously was a professor of Old Testament at Wheaton College. Her publications include The Deuteronomistic History and the Name Theology and articles in Eerdmans' Handbook to the Bible and Dictionary of the Old Testament: Historical Books.
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Epic of Eden - Sandra L. Richter
ISAIAH
ISAIAH
SANDRA L. RICHTER
First edition copyright © 2016, 2018
Second edition copyright © 2019
by Sandra L. Richter
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without prior written permission, except for brief quotations in critical reviews or articles.
Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the New American Standard Bible®. Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission.
Scripture quotations marked NIV are taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com
The NIV
and New International Version
are trademarks registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office by Biblica, Inc.™
Scripture quotations marked MSG are taken from THE MESSAGE, copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002 by Eugene H. Peterson. Used by permission of NavPress. All rights reserved. Represented by Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.
Scripture quotations marked NRSV are from New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright © 1989 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Cover design by Strange Last Name
Page design by PerfecType, Nashville, Tennessee
Richter, Sandra L.
The epic of Eden : Isaiah / Sandra L. Richter. – Franklin, Tennessee : Seedbed Publishing, ©2019. Second edition.
pages ; cm. + 1 videodisc – (OneBook)
An eight-week study of the book of Jonah.
ISBN 9781628246643 (pbk.)
ISBN 9781628246681 (DVD)
ISBN 9781628246650 (mobipocket ebk.)
ISBN 9781628246667 (epub ebk.)
ISBN 9781628246674 (updf ebk.)
1. Bible. Isaiah -- Textbooks. 2. Bible. Isaiah -- Study and teaching. 3. Bible. Isaiah -- Commentaries. 4. Isaiah (Biblical prophet) I. Title. II. Series.
SEEDBED PUBLISHING
Franklin, Tennessee
seedbed.com
As always, this study is dedicated to all the faithful learners
with whom I have had the privilege of studying this material.
The prophet speaks and our hearts are set on fire.
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Week One: First Things
Day One: Meet the Prophets
Day Two: The Prophet’s Authority
Day Three: The Concept of Covenant and the Ten Commandments
Week Two: The Office of the Prophet
Day One: The Prophet as Theocratic Office
Day Two: The Prophet as Covenant Keeper
Day Three: The Prophet before Yahweh’s Divine Council
Week Three: The Prophet as Poet and Rhetorician
Day One: The Prophet and His Song
Day Two: The Song of the Vineyard
Day Three: The Ones Who Call Evil Good
Week Four: The Life and Times of Isaiah the Prophet, Part I: The Divided Monarchy
Day One: The Problem Starts Here
Day Two: The Problem Gets Worse
Day Three: The Problem Past Repair
Week Five: The Life and Times of Isaiah the Prophet, Part II: The Assyrian Empire
Day One: Ahaz’s Misplaced Trust
Day Two: The Promise, a Prince of Peace
Day Three: Messiah
Week Six: Hezekiah and the Poster Child
of Biblical Archaeology
Day One: Jerusalem Surrounded and Mocked
Day Two: Faithless King versus Faithful King
Day Three: Yahweh Is Not like Other Gods
Week Seven: The Message of the Latter Things
Day One: Words of Comfort
Day Two: Words of Hope
Day Three: Words of Fulfillment: The Latter Things
Week Eight: The Book of Isaiah and the Servant
Day One: The Servant Songs, Part I
Day Two: The Servant Songs, Part II
Day Three: The Servant Songs in the New Testament
Week Nine: The Book of Isaiah and the Idol
Day One: Who Gets to Be God?
Day Two: Yahweh Alone
Day Three: The Idol
Week Ten: The Restoration
Day One: The Return
Day Two: The Amazing Love
Day Three: The Mission
Group Session/Leader’s Guide
Video Notes Guide
References
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Epic series would not exist without the colossal investment of many people. Our gratitude goes to J. D. Walt, the sower-in-chief of Seedbed Publishing, for having and holding the vision to make this happen. To Andrew Miller, director of publishing at Seedbed, for the nuts-and-bolts leadership necessary for any task of this magnitude. To Kathy Noftsinger, my partner in crime and chief editor—her dedicated and fastidious care with both this text and the Text are beyond compare. To Reverends Steve and Kelly Brumbeloe and Mt. Bethel UMC for hosting this series in its penultimate form. To Mark Benjamin for the grueling details that go into set preparation and design and the filming of such a project. To Ryan Staples for hours of filming and the tedious task of editing the filmed lessons. To Kyle Schroeder for his expertise behind a camera and his unflagging encouragement. To Nick Perreault of Strange Last Name for his commitment to create some really cool (and amazing and pedagogically effective) maps and charts. To the studio audiences who courageously endured hours and hours of filming. To Jody Brock, our dear friend, who makes all things beautiful! To Holly Jones of Seedbed for her diligent oversight of the complex process of publishing production, and to her able editorial team including Maren Kurek, Renee Chavez, and Amanda Sauer; and to Kristin Goble for her expert typesetting and page design. To Steve, Noël, and Elise for too many weekends away. Our team is grateful to say that The Epic of Eden: Isaiah is at last available. Let the adventure begin!
INTRODUCTION
Often named the fifth gospel,
the book of the prophet Isaiah has more to say about Israel’s coming Messiah than any other Old Testament book. Brilliant, courageous, uncompromising, this prophet declared that the year of the LORD
had come and God’s people needed to either step up, or stand down. Indeed, when Isaiah spoke, kings trembled.
But too often, when Isaiah speaks today, God’s people have trouble hearing. Why? One reason is that like the Epistles of the New Testament, in Isaiah’s book we only have half of the conversation. A primary objective of this study is to provide the other half of that conversation. What was Isaiah’s context? What did Israel’s religion and economy look like in the eighth century BCE? Who were the good guys? Who were the bad guys? A second objective is to define the prophet of Israel’s world. What was a prophet and what did prophets do? And, finally, we will set about the task of organizing the sixty-six chapters of sermons and narratives that our prophet spoke to an audience long, long ago and far, far away. These are the questions and answers we’ll be after in our ten sessions of study. From the mouth of Isaiah in eighth-century Jerusalem to our ears, we’ll explore and apply the message of this great champion of the faith to our lives today.
The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me, because the LORD has anointed me to bring good news to the afflicted; He has sent me to bind up the broken-hearted, to proclaim liberty to captives, and freedom to prisoners. . . . Then they will rebuild the ancient ruins, they will raise up the former devastations. (Isa. 61:1, 4)
How Is This Going to Work?
If your group has already worked through the Epic of Eden: Understanding the Old Testament study, you’re already pros. If not, here’s the plan. The study revolves around a DVD set of ten filmed studies (each approximately a half hour) with Dr. Sandra Richter. These are designed to be viewed during group time once per week. The second component is a study guide for each of your group members that includes three individual studies per week—these are to be done at home whenever it fits an individual’s schedule. The third component is a brief leader’s guide designed to help the leader structure the group time. The idea is that each member will be working at home at his or her weekly studies. Do as much or as little as your schedule permits. No pressure, really. Once per week your group will gather to view the filmed study, talk about the individual work from the week, and focus on group discussion questions. Our recommendation is that you set apart the first gathering to simply meet one another, drink some coffee and have some snacks, get your books, watch the introductory video, and make sure everyone is on board. It may also be wise to set apart a final gathering to debrief, ask and answer final questions, and conclude your time as a group. In total then you will meet together for twelve weeks. Our suggested plan is:
Week 1: Introduction
Weeks 2–11: Video lectures
Week 12: Debrief
Got it? Got it! Let the adventure begin!
WEEK ONE
First Things
A Word from the Author
As we consider plunging into this great book of Isaiah, we are dealing once again with the Great Barrier . . . the cultural and historical barrier that stands between us and them. How desperately we want to hear what Isaiah has to say to us, but we stand at a distance. When it comes to studying the Prophets, the distance is literary as well. What is a prophetic book? Why are there so many of them in the Old Testament? How are they organized? These issues were transparent to the ancient Israelites, but they are a whole new realm for us.