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    Principles and Methods of Instruction
    Principles and Methods of Instruction
    Principles and Methods of Instruction
    Ebook189 pages1 hour

    Principles and Methods of Instruction

    By Michael D Becker

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    About this ebook

    With the introduction of Part 61 to the Australian licensing system, prior to any helicopter pilot being able to provide instruction they must first hold a Flight Instructors' Rating (FIR), which includes completion of a Principles and Methods of Instruction (PMI) course with an approved helicopter flight school.   


    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherBecker Helicopter Services Pty Ltd
    Release dateJan 31, 2022
    ISBN9781876770082
    Principles and Methods of Instruction
    Author

    Michael D Becker

    Mike Becker is one of Australia's most experienced helicopter instructors, with over 16,000 hours of rotary-wing flight experience. His career has taken him from the mountains in New Zealand to the outback of Australia, to the jungles of Papua New Guinea. He has also worked in the United States, Italy and Borneo.He has flown a range of helicopter types - the Robinson R22, Robinson R44, Bell 47, Hughes 269, Hughes 500, Bell 206, Bell 427, Bell 212, EC120, Dragon Fly, Brantley B2B, Enstrom EF28, Sikorsky S62A, Hiller H12ET, Aerospatial AS350, Agusta 109E Power, Agusta 109S Grand, and the Agusta 119 Koala.He is experienced in a vast range of helicopter operations including high altitude, remote area operations, mustering, firefighting, tourism, sling load operations, specialised long line operations, search and rescue, and Night Vision Goggles operations.Mike is a Grade One Flight Instructor and Flight Examiner who holds an Australian Air Transport Pilots Licence (Helicopter) and an Australian Commercial Pilots Licence (Fixed Wing).Mike is the Chief Pilot and Head of Training for his own business Becker Helicopters in Australia. He, and his wife Jan, established Becker Helicopters in 1997 with one Bell 47 and have grown the business through a love of helicopters, hard work, and determination.Mike is the recipient of many awards, including the "Captain John Ashton Award for Flight Standards and Aviation Safety" by the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators of London, which was awarded in recognition of over 18,000 accident-free flight training hours at Becker Helicopters. Mike has also authored "Mike Becker's Helicopter Handbook", first published in 1986, along with a range of theory books and instructional videos.

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      Book preview

      Principles and Methods of Instruction - Michael D Becker

      PIRC Exam

      To gain an FIR, the candidate must have completed a Pilot Instructor Rating Common (PIRC) examination after completing either:

      a Principles and Methods of Instruction (PMI) course with an approved helicopter flight school; or

      a Certificate IV in workplace training and assessment; or

      a tertiary qualification of some sort.

      The PIRC exam is a generic 50 question 2-hour multi-choice exam.  On completing the PIRC, the pilot will also need to attain at least one (1) Training Endorsement (TE) for an FIR to be issued.

      Reference materials

      This book has been prepared as a training reference for the PMI course to align with Australian regulations.  In addition, the Civil Aviation Safety Authority of Australia (CASA) has compiled a list of references materials they have used to construct the exam.

      CASA has identified the Aviation Instructor's Handbook (FAA-H-8083-9) as the primary reference text for the PIRC examination.

      Theories of motivation

      A candidate is required to have a high-level understanding of the following theories of motivation:

      Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow

      X and Y theory by Douglas McGregor, and

      Two Factor theory by Frederick Herzberg.

      To find out more about these theories of motivation, CASA recommends the following optional references:

      Human Factors in Flight by Frank Hawkins or any human factors book on 'memory', 'motivation', 'stress', etc.

      Preparing Instructional Objectives by Robert F Mager for more information on behavioural objectives.

      Measuring Instructional Results by Robert F Mager for more information on behavioural objectives.

      Part 61 Licencing Structure

      Once the candidate has completed an approved Principles and Methods of Instruction (PMI) course and has completed the PIRC exam, the candidate must:

      complete training relevant to the Training Endorsement (TE) applied for, and then

      conduct a Proficiency Test for at least one TE to attach to the Flight Instructor Rating (FIR).

      Historical qualification structure

      Historically, a helicopter instructor was required to do an entire 40-hour instructor course to become a Grade 2 Instructor to deliver training towards a licence.  Under CAR 5 (before the introduction of Part 61), once qualified as a flight instructor, the instructor could also deliver training for any other rating or endorsement in which the instructor was qualified, including low level, sling, type ratings, NVFR and IFR.

      Part 61 Flight Instructor Rating with TEs attached

      With the introduction of Part 61, a pilot now requires a TE attached to the FIR. To deliver training towards a licence, a flight instructor requires either a Grade 3, 2 or 1 TE.

      Non-Licence training: other TEs

      Under Part 61, a flight instructor must hold a TE to conduct related flight training.  For example, for a flight instructor to conduct Night VFR flight training, they must hold either a Night VFR TE or Instrument Flight TE. A flight instructor does not require a Grade 3, 2 or 1 TE as these endorsements are only required to conduct flight training towards a licence.

      FIR training course

      The FIR establishes the foundation theory of instruction, while the TEs establish the flight instruction techniques specific to the TE. As a result, flight training towards an FIR is tailored to the TEs required by the flight instructor.

      Advantages of Part 61

      The advantage of Part 61 licencing structure is that individual pilots can do the minimum training required to gain the relevant TEs applicable to their area of expertise.  They do not have to do a full 40-hour course if there is no intention to teach new pilots towards the issue of a licence.

      Privileges and limitations

      Just what a Flight Instructor can do and the limitations on what can be done will significantly vary depending on what type of TE/s the Flight Instructor holds.

      Reference to Part 61 and the Manual of Standards (MOS) is essential to understand the privileges and limitations specific to each Flight Instructor’s qualifications.

      Licensing Structure Overview

      The following provides an overview of the Part 61 licencing structure.

      Licence Types

      Aircraft Category Ratings

      Every licence issued is assigned to a specific aircraft category. For example, Commercial Pilot Licence (Helicopter) or CPL(H).

      Aircraft Class or Type Ratings

      Every aircraft is assigned to either a class or a type.  When a pilot holds a class rating, the pilot is authorised to fly all aircraft in that class subject to completing a flight review in that aircraft type.

      Aircraft Design Feature Endorsements

      Aircraft with unique design features also require a pilot to hold the associated design feature endorsement.

      Operational Ratings

      Operational ratings combined with at least one endorsement provide the authority to conduct different types of operations.

      Instrument Rating Endorsements

      The Instrument Rating includes the following endorsements.

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