Evidence
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About this ebook
Suggested uses:
o Used by criminal justice majors and professionals
o Law students and legal professionals at any level
o To understand proportion and relevance regarding Evidence
o Quick and constant refreshers before classes and exams
o As the last review before taking the Bar Exam
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Evidence - BarCharts, Inc.
JUDICIAL NOTICE [201]
Judicial notice is the acceptance of a fact as true without the necessity of formal proof (i.e., indisputable facts of common knowledge in the community or facts capable of verification by easily accessible sources of unquestioned accuracy)
May be taken for the first time on appeal
LEGISLATIVE FACTS
Advisory committee’s notes distinguish legislative facts from adjudicative facts
Legislative facts are those relevant to "legal reasoning and the
lawmaking process"; include statutory law and judicial decisions
ADJUDICATIVE FACTS
Adjudicative facts are the facts of the particular case
Who did what, where, when, how, with whom, and with what motive
Facts that normally would go to jury, except that judicial notice may be taken since they are not subject to reasonable dispute as they are generally known or come from sources whose accuracy cannot be reasonably questioned
(e.g., the reliability of radar speed tests, the boiling point of water)
Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) govern only adjudicative facts within the trial court’s territorial jurisdiction
MANDATORY JUDICIAL NOTICE
Facts that are so universally known that they cannot reasonably be disputed (adjudicative); must be requested by a party [201(d)]; include:
Meaning of legal expressions (legislative)
Meaning of English words and phrases (legislative)
Federal and state law and official regulations of the forum state or federal government (legislative)
Federal and state rules of procedure (legislative)
Items A–D reflect the court’s reasoning process and not judicial notice [201(a) note]
PERMISSIVE JUDICIAL NOTICE
On its own, the court may take judicial notice of certain matters [201(c)]
Facts that are not reasonably subject to dispute and are capable of accurate determination from undisputable sources, such as almanacs and encyclopedias (e.g., time of sunset on a particular date)
Facts that are such common knowledge locally that they cannot be reasonably disputed (e.g., the location of a certain road)
Records of state or federal court
Laws of other states or nations
Administrative regulations and orders
FRE recognize judicial notice only to adjudicative facts formally (items A–C)
EFFECT OF JUDICIAL NOTICE
Civil case: Binding on jury to accept as conclusive any fact judicially noticed
Criminal case: Jury instructed that it may, but is not required to, accept any fact judicially noticed as conclusive [201(g)]
JUDICIAL RULINGS
RULINGS ON EVIDENCE [103]
Erroneous