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    Manganese Metal Composites Properties Exploration
    Manganese Metal Composites Properties Exploration
    Manganese Metal Composites Properties Exploration
    Ebook237 pages1 hour

    Manganese Metal Composites Properties Exploration

    By Ahmed Arshad Hussain and Raj Reetuka

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    About this ebook

     Manganese metal composites represent a cutting-edge frontier in materials science, captivating researchers and industries alike with their exceptional properties and diverse applications. This exploration delves into the unique characteristics of these composites, unveiling a spectrum of attributes that make them a promising innovation.

    Renowned for their outstanding strength-to-weight ratio, manganese metal composites exhibit superior mechanical properties, making them ideal for applications where durability is paramount. Their remarkable resistance to corrosion and wear further enhances their suitability for challenging environments, positioning them as a robust choice for aerospace, automotive, and infrastructure applications.

    This exploration also sheds light on the versatility of manganese composites in accommodating various alloying elements, paving the way for tailored material properties to meet specific industrial needs. The comprehensive analysis covers aspects such as thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and magnetic properties, elucidating the potential for applications in electronics, energy storage, and magnetic devices.

    Furthermore, the eco-friendly nature of manganese, coupled with its abundance, adds a sustainable dimension to these composites, aligning with the growing demand for environmentally conscious solutions. As industries seek innovative materials to address evolving challenges, the properties of manganese metal composites beckon a new era of materials engineering, promising advancements in technology and sustainability.
     

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherNoble Publisher
    Release dateFeb 11, 2024
    ISBN9798224440450
    Manganese Metal Composites Properties Exploration

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      Book preview

      Manganese Metal Composites Properties Exploration - Ahmed Arshad Hussain

      Manganese Metal Composites Properties Exploration

      Raj Reetuka

      Copyright © 2023 by Raj Reetuka

      All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without

      written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

      First Printing, 2023

      Abstract

      newline newline newline newlineMMC in which metal is reinforced with other polymers offers several advantages over metals alone. It not only reduces cost but also simplifies the processing. Among the various polymers  low  priced Bakelite resin smoothly infiltrates the reinforcement and makes it a perfect contender for various uses. The role of metal manganese in generating high performance composite material  with  enhanced  conductivity  and strength is realized in recent years.  But  no  work  dealing  with  manganese and Bakelite and study of its various properties is  yet  reported.  So  the  present study  is  undertaken  to  synthesise  Manganese  II  Bakelite  composites  by  simple  and  economical  stir  casting  method  and  the  thermal and magnetic nature of composite is described in detail. newline newline A novel metal matrix composite was synthesised using variable concentration of metal manganese chloride tetra hydrate as  matrix  and  Bakelite as reinforcement by stir casting method. These samples were characterized using spectroscopic and thermal analysis. The  samples  were later decomposed at high temperature in muffle furnace. Their micro-particle nature was investigated using scanning probe instruments  and  magnetic  nature was studied through VSM. newline newlineChemical interaction between the matrix and reinforcement was revealed through the FTIR and HNMR spectra. The X ray diffractograms suggested transition of crystalline phase to amorphous phase. The thermal stability of prepared MMCs increased with increased matrix strength through TGA and DSC measurements. newline newlineThe scanning probe analysis indicated a decrease in particle size into micro-meters range. The magnetic hysteresis reveals the formation of ferromagnetic composite. newline newlineThrough this study it can be concluded that a low cost metal matrix composite can be easily produced through a simple stir casting method. The MMC  developed  can  play  immense role in areas concerning electronic and fire safety. Electrical and nanocomposite behaviour can be studied further for  development  of application for microelectronic world. newline newline newline

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABBREVIATION LIST OF SYMBOL

      LIST OF NOMENCLATURE

      Page No.

      CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1-24

      25-40

      CHAPTER 3: PROBLEM FORMULATION 41-42

      CHAPTER 4: EXPERIMENTAL 43-75

      76-112

      CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 113-114

      CHAPTER 7: FUTURE SCOPE & APPLICATIONS 115-116

      CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

      This chapter starts with an overview of composite material. The present scenario, role and fabrication methods of metal matrix composite are discussed. A detailed description and attributes of the matrix material and reinforcement is described briefly.

      BACKGROUND

      The advancements in materials are often related to technological progress and human capabilities in any field. In a constant venture to optimise material with innovative features, the composite development has played a major role. The basic engineering materials such as metals, ceramics and polymers have outstanding features and are used for a variety of applications in daily life. But, they cannot be used in advanced applications such as space craft, aircrafts, automobiles, electronic, marine, high temperature reactors, and medical industries [Morye et al (1999)]. These advanced technologies require high performance materials and functional materials, which can be fulfilled by tailor made products, i.e. composite materials. These materials are playing a dominant role in fitting the requirements of present world in the major sectors for last thirty years [Biswas et al (2001)].

      A composite material can be defined as A combination of two or more chemically distinct phases separated by an interface [Pegoretti et al (2006)] which has unique attributes from its constituents. By using many combinations of resins and reinforcements, the composite can be tailored to perform specific set of functions in particular areas such as in aerospace industry [Biswas et al (2001)]. The area which is promising and gaining interest in high performance material is MMC, due to their unique properties. The main advantage of such composite material systems is that their properties such as high strength, thermal stability can be modified and these materials can drastically surpass those of unreinforced metals. Demand for MMCs is growing in the sectors such as in transportation, electronics, pollution control sectors and telecommunications. A double digit hike is anticipated for commercial market of MMCs through 2003 [Biswas et al (2002)]. On comparing metals with composites it has been found that composites contribute in decreasing the weight and cost of materials for many applications such as in designing cascades for engines, curved fairing and fillets, replacements for welded metallic parts, cylinders, tubes, ducts, blade containment bands etc., [Biswas et al (2002)].

      The multi utilities of metal reinforced with non- metal cannot be flouted for MMC materials, but it becomes labour intensive and costly as reinforcing filament which is incorporated in the matrix, needs to be separately prepared. Moreover, laminated sandwich MMC limit the form of the product to sheet or plate, and consequently limits subsequent processing [London et al (1992)]. Using polymer as reinforcement in metal matrix is attractive option, since; it not only reduces cost but also simplifies the processing [London et al (1992)]. Among the various polymers, low priced Bakelite resin smoothly infiltrates and sticks to the structure of many organic and inorganic fillers and reinforcements, which makes it a perfect contender for various uses. A little thermal contact enable in completing the crosslinking in thermoset plastics thus making it hard material. Moreover, the ability of this condensation product, i.e. Bakelite to wet out and to efficiently cross-link throughout dispersion medium helps engineer to deliver a material with new and improved properties with high mechanical strength, enhanced thermal stability, and better chemical resistance [Plenco, (2011), https://www.plenco.com/phenolic- novolac-resol-resin.htm].

      COMPOSITES

      A composition material or shortened to composite is a material made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties which are combined by many techniques to produce a material with properties superior and unique from the individual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure [Composite, (2010), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material]. In general, two or more material mixed and bonded together on a macroscopic scale constitutes composite [Plenco, (2011), https://www.plenco.com/phenolic-novolac-resol-resin.htm]. In other words it is a synergistic combination of two or more micro-constituents that differ in physical form and chemical composition and which are insoluble in each other. The objective is to take advantage of the superior properties of both materials without compromising on the weaknesses of either [Mishra (2014)].

      According to Jartiz, (1965) Composites are multifunctional material which provide characteristics unattainable from any discrete material. They are cohesive structures made by physically combining material with distinct composition, forms and attributes.

      Kelly, (1967) regarded composites as combination of material with distinctive features from either of components with better quality in terms of strength to attributes in demand.

      Berghezan, (1966) defines it as "The composites are compound materials

      which  differ  from  alloys  by the  fact  that  the  individual  components  retain their

      characteristics but are so incorporated into the composite as to take advantage only of their attributes and not of their shortcomings, in order to obtain an improved material".

      Van Suchetclan, (1972) explains composite materials as heterogeneous materials on a macroscopic scale which has two or more solid phases, which are in intimate contact with each other. Since on microscopic scale a small portion of it will have the same physical property, it can be considered as homogeneous material.

      Composition

      ––––––––

      Composites consist of a matrix as a major bulk material and fillers added in various form serve as reinforcement that instils higher strength and stiffness attributes in the matrix. If designed in a proper manner, the composite material exhibit improved and useable assets than individual material.

      Matrix

      ––––––––

      The matrix serves in proper allocation of stress between the dispersion medium, i.e. fibers/particles and also to protect them from mechanical or environmental mutilation. The matrix holds the reinforcements together in desired shape.

      Reinforcement

      ––––––––

      The reinforcing/dispersion phase is embedded in the matrix phase and effect positively to the properties by enabling better mechanical characteristics in the material, such as strength, stiffness etc.

      ––––––––

      Interface

      ––––––––

      The interface is a zone where a discontinuity occurs, whether physical, mechanical or chemical. To make material with

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