Design a Toggleable Sidebar using HTML CSS and JavaScript

Last Updated : 26 Jul, 2024
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In this article, we will create a toggleable sidebar navigation menu using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The navigation menu allows users to open and close a sidebar to access various sections of a website. When the user clicks on a navigation item, the corresponding content is displayed in the main content area. We'll make the website responsive to different screen sizes for a seamless user experience.

Screenshot-2023-11-17-155942
Preview

Approach

  • First, we will make nav items with the help of anchor tags.
  • Now by using CSS properties like position fixed, left, and right properties, we will align the navbar to the sidebar.
  • Design the navbar including headings, and paragraphs by using CSS properties.
  • Change the content of the heading dynamically by using the showContent () function.
  • Lastly, make a button for closing the navbar by using the function name closeNav().

Example: In this example, we write a code to build a toggleable sidebar using HTML CSS and JavaScript.

HTML 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
	<meta charset="UTF-8" />
	<meta name="viewport" content=
		"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
	<title>
		Toggleable Sidebar using 
		HTML CSS & JavaScript
	</title>
</head>

<body>
	<div id="sideMenu" class="sideMenu">
		<a href="javascript:void(0)"
			class="closeBtn"
			onclick="closeNav()">×</a>
		<div class="mainMenu">
			<h2>SideMenu</h2>
			<a href="javascript:void(0)"
				onclick="showContent('Home')">Home</a>
			<a href="javascript:void(0)"
				onclick="showContent('About')">About</a>
			<a href="javascript:void(0)"
				onclick="showContent('Portfolio')">Portfolio</a>
			<a href="javascript:void(0)"
				onclick="showContent('Services')">Services</a>
			<a href="javascript:void(0)"
				onclick="showContent('Contact')">Contact</a>
		</div>
	</div>
	
	<div id="contentArea">
		<span style="font-size: 30px; cursor: pointer"
			onclick="openNav()">☰</span>
		<div class="contentText">
			<h2 id="contentTitle">
				Toggle Sidebar Navigation</h2>
			<h3>HTML CSS JS</h3>
		</div>
	</div>
	<script src="script.js"></script>
</body>

</html>
CSS 
/* style.css */
body {
    margin: 0;
    font-family: poppins;
}

.sideMenu {
    height: 100%;
    width: 0;
    position: fixed;
    z-index: 1;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    background: #478cff;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    transition: 0.5s;
    padding-top: 60px;
}

.mainMenu h2 {
    text-align: center;
    letter-spacing: 7px;
    color: #fff;
    background: #111;
    padding: 20px 0;
}

.sideMenu a {
    padding: 8px 8px 8px 32px;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #fff;
    display: block;
    transition: 0.3s;
    font-size: 18px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.mainMenu a:hover {
    color: #fff;
    background: #111;
}

.sideMenu .closeBtn {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 25px;
    font-size: 36px;
    margin-left: 50px;
}

#contentArea {
    transition: margin-left 0.5s;
    padding: 16px;
}

.contentText {
    padding: 100px 20px;
    text-align: center;
}

.contentText h2 {
    background: #478cff;
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 15px 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-size: 24px;
    color: #fff;
}

.contentText h3 {
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-size: 18px;
    margin: 0;
    letter-spacing: 3px;
}

@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {
    .contentText {
        padding: 100px 180px;
    }

    .contentText h2 {
        padding: 15px 35px;
        font-size: 50px;
    }

    .contentText h3 {
        font-size: 45px;
    }
}
JavaScript 
function openNav() {
	document.getElementById("sideMenu")
		.style.width = "300px";
	document.getElementById("contentArea")
		.style.marginLeft = "300px";
}

function closeNav() {
	document.getElementById("sideMenu")
		.style.width = "0";
	document.getElementById("contentArea")
		.style.marginLeft = "0";
}

function showContent(content) {
	document.getElementById("contentTitle")
		.textContent = content + " page";
		
	closeNav();
}

Output:


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