Secure Multiparty Computation (SMPC) refers to a family of protocols in cryptography that enable a group of distrustful parties to jointly perform computations on their private inputs while ensuring the privacy of the inputs and the correctness of the protocol.

Secure computation is a technology that enables computation while keeping data encrypted. In the modern data analysis process, the data is transferred to, stored in, and computed by the server. During these three processes, a typical encryption protects the data only when it is transferred and stored.

Secure multi-party computation (also known as secure computation, multi-party computation (MPC) or privacy-preserving computation) is a subfield of cryptography with the goal of creating methods for parties to jointly compute a function over their inputs while keeping those inputs private.

Limitations to Multiparty Computation Because multiparty computation needs parties to communicate with each other, one limitation to its protocols is the willing collusion between two parties to determine the data of a third party. This is possible if two parties are willing to share their own data with each other.