The main parameters that are used to characterise the performance of solar cells are the peak power Pmax, the short-circuit current density Jsc, the open circuit voltage Voc, and the fill factor FF.

The WOAPSO is an efficient and robust technique to estimate the unknown optimized parameters of the solar PV model at different operating conditions.

Each structure contains 3 fields: temperature , i (current) and v (voltage). The Solar Cell block references a data structure to set the device operating temperature, the VPulse block's Pulse value, V2, and to generate simulation output currents at prescribed voltages.

The parameters extracted from the dark I–V curve of the solar cells were series resistance, shunt resistance, saturation currents and ideality factors. Iteration and approximation techniques were used to determine the device parameters of the solar cells.