Wind energy is one of the renewable energies that can be using to generate electricity. Increasing demand for this type of renewable energy for sustainability and accessibility. Environmentally as it does not cause any pollution in addition to the abundance of required equipment and lessmaintenance and long operation life of its parts despite the high cost of the system at its installation but at long term, become cheaper. Wind power generators depend on their operation on wind speed and direction. Therefore,it should be installing in places where the wind speed is adequate and sufficient to rotate its rotor, it knows that wind speed is variable in its speed and direction they change every hour and every season. In this design, many practical and theoretical (simulation) experiments have been done which will be mentioned and explained in details in this research shows that this mechanism raises the efficiency of wind power generators by 80% when the rotor of the wind turbine directed towards the wind than if they were fixed direction.
Design of Lattice Wind Turbine Towers With Structural OptimizationIJERA Editor
This article aims to study the self-supporting truss towers used to support large wind turbines in areas with high altitude. The goal is to evaluate and validate numerically by finite element method the structural analysis when the lattice structures of the towers of wind turbines are subjected to static loads and these from common usage. With this, it is expected minimize the cost of transportation and installation of the tower and maximize the generation of electricity, respecting technical standards and restrictions of structural integrity and safety, making vibration analysis and the required static and dynamic loads, thereby preventing failures by fractures or mechanical fatigue. Practical examples of towers will be designed by the system and will be tested in structural simulation programs using the Finite Element Method. This analysis is done on the entire region coupling action of the turbine, with variable sensitivity to vibration levels. The results obtained for freestanding lattice tower are compared with the information of a tubular one designed to support the generator with the same characteristics. At the end of this work itwas possible to observe the feasibility of using lattice towers that proved better as its structural performance but with caveats about its dynamic performance since the appearance of several other modes natural frequency thus reducing the intervals between them in low frequency and theoretically increase the risk of resonance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Efficiency of Domestic Hawt without Nos...IRJET Journal
This document compares the mechanical efficiency of a domestic horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) without and with a nose cone. Testing was conducted by measuring the rotational speed and power output of the turbine at varying wind speeds. Without a nose cone, the average efficiency was 38.75%. With a nose cone, which provides streamlined airflow over the blades to reduce drag, the average efficiency increased to 40.38%. The nose cone improved the value of the Betz limit, which describes the maximum power that can theoretically be extracted from the wind. In conclusion, the addition of a nose cone to reduce drag and increase lift improved the mechanical efficiency of the small HAWT design.
Wind Turbines: Will they ever become economically feasible? Jeffrey Funk
The document discusses wind turbines and whether they will become economically feasible. It provides an overview of wind turbine costs, theoretical and empirical data on power output in relation to rotor diameter and wind speed, and how rotor diameter and other factors impact rated wind speed. It finds that while larger turbine sizes were once able to reduce costs, costs may now be rising due to the stronger materials needed for very large diameters. New materials development could potentially further reduce costs but significant improvements are uncertain. The future of wind power appearing unclear without new designs or materials breakthroughs.
Presentation on Power Saving from Two – Wheeler Bike SilencerMd Anzar Aman
I have installed a mechanism with an axial high pressure reaction
turbines including a backward curved reaction turbine (Exhaust
Fan Blade) in a single shaft with an electrical generator which will
convert the kinematic energy into mechanical work and by
mechanical work we can generate electricity, when the pressure
energy of hot gases flows
Energy generation using exaust then cooling- Power point presentationItnesh Kumar
The document summarizes research on using thermoelectric generators to convert waste heat from vehicle exhaust into electric power. It describes how exhaust gas provides heat to thermoelectric modules, while a cooling system provides the cold sink. Experimental studies showed energy can be efficiently captured from exhaust and thermoelectric generators may someday reduce or eliminate alternators in vehicles. The document outlines the Seebeck effect principle behind thermoelectric generation and provides a block diagram of a prototype system using a hot air gun and fan to test a thermoelectric generator charging a battery. In conclusion, it states thermoelectric generation from vehicle exhaust is an eco-friendly way to recover wasted heat and produce electric power.
Design of Lattice Wind Turbine Towers With Structural OptimizationIJERA Editor
This article aims to study the self-supporting truss towers used to support large wind turbines in areas with high altitude. The goal is to evaluate and validate numerically by finite element method the structural analysis when the lattice structures of the towers of wind turbines are subjected to static loads and these from common usage. With this, it is expected minimize the cost of transportation and installation of the tower and maximize the generation of electricity, respecting technical standards and restrictions of structural integrity and safety, making vibration analysis and the required static and dynamic loads, thereby preventing failures by fractures or mechanical fatigue. Practical examples of towers will be designed by the system and will be tested in structural simulation programs using the Finite Element Method. This analysis is done on the entire region coupling action of the turbine, with variable sensitivity to vibration levels. The results obtained for freestanding lattice tower are compared with the information of a tubular one designed to support the generator with the same characteristics. At the end of this work itwas possible to observe the feasibility of using lattice towers that proved better as its structural performance but with caveats about its dynamic performance since the appearance of several other modes natural frequency thus reducing the intervals between them in low frequency and theoretically increase the risk of resonance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Efficiency of Domestic Hawt without Nos...IRJET Journal
This document compares the mechanical efficiency of a domestic horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) without and with a nose cone. Testing was conducted by measuring the rotational speed and power output of the turbine at varying wind speeds. Without a nose cone, the average efficiency was 38.75%. With a nose cone, which provides streamlined airflow over the blades to reduce drag, the average efficiency increased to 40.38%. The nose cone improved the value of the Betz limit, which describes the maximum power that can theoretically be extracted from the wind. In conclusion, the addition of a nose cone to reduce drag and increase lift improved the mechanical efficiency of the small HAWT design.
Wind Turbines: Will they ever become economically feasible? Jeffrey Funk
The document discusses wind turbines and whether they will become economically feasible. It provides an overview of wind turbine costs, theoretical and empirical data on power output in relation to rotor diameter and wind speed, and how rotor diameter and other factors impact rated wind speed. It finds that while larger turbine sizes were once able to reduce costs, costs may now be rising due to the stronger materials needed for very large diameters. New materials development could potentially further reduce costs but significant improvements are uncertain. The future of wind power appearing unclear without new designs or materials breakthroughs.
Presentation on Power Saving from Two – Wheeler Bike SilencerMd Anzar Aman
I have installed a mechanism with an axial high pressure reaction
turbines including a backward curved reaction turbine (Exhaust
Fan Blade) in a single shaft with an electrical generator which will
convert the kinematic energy into mechanical work and by
mechanical work we can generate electricity, when the pressure
energy of hot gases flows
Energy generation using exaust then cooling- Power point presentationItnesh Kumar
The document summarizes research on using thermoelectric generators to convert waste heat from vehicle exhaust into electric power. It describes how exhaust gas provides heat to thermoelectric modules, while a cooling system provides the cold sink. Experimental studies showed energy can be efficiently captured from exhaust and thermoelectric generators may someday reduce or eliminate alternators in vehicles. The document outlines the Seebeck effect principle behind thermoelectric generation and provides a block diagram of a prototype system using a hot air gun and fan to test a thermoelectric generator charging a battery. In conclusion, it states thermoelectric generation from vehicle exhaust is an eco-friendly way to recover wasted heat and produce electric power.
This document presents a senior design project proposal for developing highway wind turbines. A team of three mechanical engineering students at FIU - Bruce Champagnie, Geatjens Altenor, and Antonia Simonis - are investigating designing wind turbines that can harness wind energy from passing vehicles on highways. The proposal outlines the motivation, objectives, design challenges, a literature review, conceptual designs, analysis plans, components, costs, prototype development, and a timeline for the project to be completed by April 2013 under the guidance of advisor Dr. Boesl. The overall goal is to design a turbine that can effectively capture intermittent wind sources from traffic and store the generated power for distributing to streetlights or other applications.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Highway Wind Power Generation using Vertical Ax...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a vertical axis wind turbine to harness wind energy from vehicles on highways. The turbine would be installed on highway medians to capture wind from both sides of passing vehicles. A computational model was developed to simulate and optimize the turbine design before physical fabrication. Various blade designs were analyzed, including straight, curved, airfoil, and twisted styles. The goals of the project were to generate electricity efficiently from the consistent highway winds and contribute to renewable energy production.
A PROPOSAL FOR WIND-ENERGY CONVERSION FOR LOW WIND–SPEED AREAS OF INDIAIAEME Publication
This is the methodology to conversion of electricity through wind energy using convergent nozzle in low wind speed area. By the help of this process of conversion we convert low wind speed in sufficient power conversion with the use of nozzle. Then this maximizes the wind speed, that maximum wind speed rotate fan blade at useful speed level. And then sufficient amount of energy are produced
Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, hydro power and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy
has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power
generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. Wind energy
has been harnessed for centuries but it has only emerged as a major part of our energy solution quite
recently and this report focus on utilizing wind energy by using vertical axis wind turbine.
This document presents the design of a vertical axis wind turbine for highways in India. It begins with an introduction to the problem of poor lighting and accidents on highways at night. It then reviews literature on previous wind turbine designs for highways. The proposed design methodology is to design the machine layout and blades to optimally capture wind energy from passing vehicles. The expected outcomes are increased visibility and safety on highways through the use of wind turbines. The document provides dimensions and design considerations for the turbine based on previous research. It summarizes several referenced papers on vertical axis wind turbine designs.
Enhancing Power Coefficient of a Wind turbine Using Diffuser Augmentation in ...IOSR Journals
Now a day, horizontal axis wind turbines play key role, in the field of power generation. But, the cost of
power generation becomes high, when compared with power generation by other methods. In the present work the
emphasis is focused on increasing the conversion efficiency of a wind turbine. The combination of convergent nozzle
and diffuser has been fabricated as a part of the work and carried out experiments in the following manner.
By placing a convergent nozzle at the inlet of wind turbine.
By placing diffuser at the outlet of wind turbine.
By using the combination of convergent nozzle and divergent nozzle The power coefficient of the turbine is determined at various angle of attack in the range of 0
0 to 900
.
Design and Analysis of Turbine Blades in a Micro Gas Turbine EngineIJTET Journal
This paper is based on the design and analysis of turbine blades in a micro gas turbine engine. Micro-gas
turbine engines offer advantages over the other technologies for small-scale power generation. A combustor is the heart
of any engine; where in the micro gas turbine, it should be compact, simple, inexpensive and robust in construction. The
burned gases from the combustor pass through the turbine blades. The designing and manufacturing of the turbine
blades are very difficult when the blade angle, blade size and shape are considered. The design of the turbine blade
passages is broadly based on aerodynamic considerations and it is to obtain optimum efficiency, compatibility with
compressor and combustor design. For this, the specifications of many micro gas turbine engines are taken by
conducting a literature survey to get the design data for an apt turbine blade. By these values, the flow parameters of the
engine are obtained and are taken for analyzing purposes to get increased momentum thrust. Here, the design is done by
using the software CATIA and it is then exported to FLUENT for analyzing. The result shows that the estimated design
and performance is achieved.
Thesis Report on Power Saving From Two -Wheeler Bike SilencerMd Anzar Aman
I have installed a mechanism with an axial high pressure reaction
turbines including a backward curved reaction turbine (Exhaust
Fan Blade) in a single shaft with an electrical generator which will
convert the kinematic energy into mechanical work and by
mechanical work we can generate electricity, when the pressure
energy of hot gases flows
Utilization of Exhaust Gas of Vehicle for Electricity GenerationIRJET Journal
The document describes a model that utilizes the kinetic energy of exhaust gases from vehicles, specifically two-wheelers, to generate electricity. The model uses a turbine attached to a shaft that spins a generator to produce electric power. Key components include a turbine with buckets that capture the energy of the exhaust gases, causing a runner attached to a shaft to spin. The shaft is connected to gears that drive a dynamo, which generates electricity. The system is designed to provide power for small electric needs in rural villages that lack reliable power sources. It has potential to productively use wasted exhaust energy.
The document discusses different types of wind turbine generators used in wind energy technology. It covers the fundamentals of wind power generation and describes various generator and motor types used - including induction motors, permanent magnet synchronous generators, squirrel cage induction generators, wound rotor induction generators, and doubly fed induction generators. The document also discusses high temperature superconducting wind turbine generators and provides comparisons of advantages and disadvantages of different generator types.
The document discusses the potential for micro-turbines to become even smaller, possibly reaching a personal scale. It outlines the history of electricity generation moving from localized to large centralized systems. Micro-turbines currently range from 5kW to 300kW and could potentially become as small as 100W units. However, challenges remain around fuel supply, safety, reliability, manufacturing challenges, and regulatory and consumer adoption barriers that must still be overcome before personal-scale micro-turbines become widely used. If these challenges can be addressed, the document suggests personal micro-turbines may start to emerge commercially in the mid-2020s.
This paper presents a study analysis of a complete wind energy conversion system, the system based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG); a vector control with stator flux orientation of the DFIG is also used to control independently the active and reactive powers. A comparative study have been performed between the conventional PI controller and fuzzy logic control to investigate its dynamic and static performances. This research work involves the study of a phase in advance, to provide effective assistance, to all those who have to make decisions regarding the planning and implementation of wind energy projects. The main objective is to model the wind chain and the use of two types of strategies for the control of this generator to ensure a good regulation we started with the modeling of the wind chain then the modeling of the DFIG and then the use of the two strategies for the regulation of the latter .The complete system is modeled and simulated in the MATLAB/ Simulink. The performance and robustness are analyzed and compared by Matlab / Simulink .Simulation results prove the excellent performance of fuzzy control unit as improving power quality and stability of wind turbine.
Design and construction of vertical axis wind turbineIAEME Publication
This document describes the design and construction of a vertical axis wind turbine. It aims to generate enough electricity for domestic use in rural areas with minimal costs. The turbine is designed to be 1m in diameter and 1m in height to capture 1 square meter of wind. It uses three J-shaped blades made of galvanized iron sheets. Testing showed the turbine generated up to 26.4 watts of power, achieving an efficiency of 23.3%. While lower than theoretical maximum efficiency, the design shows potential for power generation in off-grid rural applications. Future work may aim to further improve efficiency through more optimized blade designs.
Modelling of solar micro gas turbine for parabolic dish based controller appl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Dish-Stirling unit and photovoltaic panels are the premier technologies available to generate off-grid solar energy. The major issue for both systems is in terms of producing output power. Air-Brayton cycle was utilized asan engine by converting the thermal energy to electricity. Micro gas turbine (MGT) has been recognized as one of the viable alternatives compared to Stirling engines, where it represents a state-of-art parabolic dish engine specifically in turbine gas technology. Hence, the microgas turbine is a technology that is capable of controlling low carbon while providing electricity in off-grid regions. MGT uses any gas as its input like natural gas, bio gas and others. Micro gas turbine has advantages for its high expansion ratio and less moving components. Compared to competing for diesel generators, the electricity costs from hybrid solar units were reduced between 10% and 43%, where as specific CO2 emissions reduced by 20-35%. MGT provides advantages over photovoltaic systems such as the inherent ability to hybridize the systems with hydrocarbon fuels to produce electricity around the clock, and the ability to operate more effectively in very hot climates with photovoltaic performance degradation over the life time of the system. Hybrid solar micro gas-turbines are cost-effective, eco-friendly and pollution free as they can work by burning any gas like natural gas,landfill gasa and others.This paper presented the controls contained in the MGT-dish system consisted of temperature control, fuel flow control, speed and acceleration control. Aconceptual design of the 25kW MGT-dish system was also covered.
This document analyzes and conducts a computational study of a 500m tall, 50m diameter cylindrical reinforced concrete tower that would be used in a solar chimney power plant. The tower is subjected to its own weight, wind loads, and pressure from air flowing inside. Numerical simulations are performed using finite element analysis software to examine the effects of these loads on the tower's stability and strength. Ring stiffeners are included in the design to prevent ovalization of the structure under loads. The results provide insights into the mechanical behavior of this high tower structure for converting solar energy to electricity via airflow through the solar chimney power plant system.
Among the Renewable Energy Sources, Wind Energy is taken up with careful prior efforts before implementation as it requires all capital and technical inputs before payback starts. However, it is a clean source of electric power compared to coal based thermal power. India is a country that has made progress in wind power investment.
Design and Experimental Analysis of Solar air ConditionerIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and experimental analysis of a solar air conditioner. It consists of photovoltaic panels, a solar charger, inverter, and batteries that operate on solar energy for use in non-electrified areas. The system focuses on the design of a direct current air conditioning system integrated with a photovoltaic system. Experimental results show that increasing the generator temperature increases the coefficient of performance (COP) of the air conditioner, while decreasing the evaporator, condenser, and absorber temperatures also increases the COP. Graphs of the relationships between various temperature parameters and COP are presented. The conclusions indicate that the temperature of the still (generator) increases or decreases the COP.
Design of wind turbine controllers in simulation x jagath_ireshika_bernad_dim...Dimuthu Darshana
The document describes the design and simulation of wind turbine controllers in SimulationX. It includes an introduction, overview of control regions for wind power, design of controllers and gearbox, simulation results demonstrating controller performance under different wind conditions, and conclusions. Pitch and torque controllers were designed and tested to regulate turbine speed and power output as wind speed varies across different operating regions. Simulation results show the controllers effectively transition between regions and maintain rated power.
Analysis and Comparisons of Different Type of WCES- A Literature Reviewpaperpublications3
Abstract: With very rapid development of wind power technologies and significant growth of wind power capacity installed worldwide, various wind turbine concepts have been developed. The wind energy conversion system is required to be more cost-competitive, so that comparisons of different wind generator systems are necessary. A literature review of different types wind energy conversion systems is presented. First, the modern wind turbines are described with respect to both their control features and drive train types, and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Then, the quantitative comparison and market penetration of different wind generator systems are presented. The promising permanent magnet generator types are also investigated. After that the ongoing trends of wind generator systems and related comparison criteria are discussed.
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a vertical axis wind turbine for use on highways in India. It includes the following key points:
1) The motivation was to design a wind turbine that could harness wind energy from passing vehicles to power streetlights along highways, improving nighttime visibility and safety.
2) An initial design was created based on Lenz's vertical axis wind turbine design. It was then modeled, simulated using ANSYS, and a prototype was built for testing.
3) Testing of the prototype found it was able to produce up to 4.5W of power from wind, achieving an efficiency of 25%. Analysis showed with optimized production, efficiencies over 28% could be achieved to
IRJET- Theoretical & Computational Design of Wind Turbine with Wind LensIRJET Journal
This document describes the theoretical and computational design of a wind turbine with a wind lens. The wind lens is intended to increase the power output of the turbine by increasing the wind speed. The wind lens creates a region of lower pressure behind the turbine, inducing more wind flow through the turbine blades. Computational fluid dynamics simulations show that the wind speed increases from 5 m/s to 9 m/s when using a wind lens. This results in the power output increasing substantially from 24.97 Watts to 145.65 Watts, an over 80% increase in power generation. The document outlines the design calculations for an airfoil blade shape and the dimensions of the wind lens to maximize its effect.
Performance of a Wind System: Case Study of Sidi Daoud SiteIJERA Editor
This document presents a study of the performance of a wind energy conversion system at the Sidi Daoud site in Tunisia. Experimental data from the site was collected and used to develop performance models relating the output power of the wind turbine to factors like wind speed, mast height, blade diameter, and other dimensional characteristics. The models showed that output power increases with mast height and blade diameter up to an optimal speed range, above which turbulence reduces power. An optimization approach is suggested to minimize the investment cost per kWh by determining the optimal mast height and blade diameter values.
This document presents a senior design project proposal for developing highway wind turbines. A team of three mechanical engineering students at FIU - Bruce Champagnie, Geatjens Altenor, and Antonia Simonis - are investigating designing wind turbines that can harness wind energy from passing vehicles on highways. The proposal outlines the motivation, objectives, design challenges, a literature review, conceptual designs, analysis plans, components, costs, prototype development, and a timeline for the project to be completed by April 2013 under the guidance of advisor Dr. Boesl. The overall goal is to design a turbine that can effectively capture intermittent wind sources from traffic and store the generated power for distributing to streetlights or other applications.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Highway Wind Power Generation using Vertical Ax...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a vertical axis wind turbine to harness wind energy from vehicles on highways. The turbine would be installed on highway medians to capture wind from both sides of passing vehicles. A computational model was developed to simulate and optimize the turbine design before physical fabrication. Various blade designs were analyzed, including straight, curved, airfoil, and twisted styles. The goals of the project were to generate electricity efficiently from the consistent highway winds and contribute to renewable energy production.
A PROPOSAL FOR WIND-ENERGY CONVERSION FOR LOW WIND–SPEED AREAS OF INDIAIAEME Publication
This is the methodology to conversion of electricity through wind energy using convergent nozzle in low wind speed area. By the help of this process of conversion we convert low wind speed in sufficient power conversion with the use of nozzle. Then this maximizes the wind speed, that maximum wind speed rotate fan blade at useful speed level. And then sufficient amount of energy are produced
Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, hydro power and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy
has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power
generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. Wind energy
has been harnessed for centuries but it has only emerged as a major part of our energy solution quite
recently and this report focus on utilizing wind energy by using vertical axis wind turbine.
This document presents the design of a vertical axis wind turbine for highways in India. It begins with an introduction to the problem of poor lighting and accidents on highways at night. It then reviews literature on previous wind turbine designs for highways. The proposed design methodology is to design the machine layout and blades to optimally capture wind energy from passing vehicles. The expected outcomes are increased visibility and safety on highways through the use of wind turbines. The document provides dimensions and design considerations for the turbine based on previous research. It summarizes several referenced papers on vertical axis wind turbine designs.
Enhancing Power Coefficient of a Wind turbine Using Diffuser Augmentation in ...IOSR Journals
Now a day, horizontal axis wind turbines play key role, in the field of power generation. But, the cost of
power generation becomes high, when compared with power generation by other methods. In the present work the
emphasis is focused on increasing the conversion efficiency of a wind turbine. The combination of convergent nozzle
and diffuser has been fabricated as a part of the work and carried out experiments in the following manner.
By placing a convergent nozzle at the inlet of wind turbine.
By placing diffuser at the outlet of wind turbine.
By using the combination of convergent nozzle and divergent nozzle The power coefficient of the turbine is determined at various angle of attack in the range of 0
0 to 900
.
Design and Analysis of Turbine Blades in a Micro Gas Turbine EngineIJTET Journal
This paper is based on the design and analysis of turbine blades in a micro gas turbine engine. Micro-gas
turbine engines offer advantages over the other technologies for small-scale power generation. A combustor is the heart
of any engine; where in the micro gas turbine, it should be compact, simple, inexpensive and robust in construction. The
burned gases from the combustor pass through the turbine blades. The designing and manufacturing of the turbine
blades are very difficult when the blade angle, blade size and shape are considered. The design of the turbine blade
passages is broadly based on aerodynamic considerations and it is to obtain optimum efficiency, compatibility with
compressor and combustor design. For this, the specifications of many micro gas turbine engines are taken by
conducting a literature survey to get the design data for an apt turbine blade. By these values, the flow parameters of the
engine are obtained and are taken for analyzing purposes to get increased momentum thrust. Here, the design is done by
using the software CATIA and it is then exported to FLUENT for analyzing. The result shows that the estimated design
and performance is achieved.
Thesis Report on Power Saving From Two -Wheeler Bike SilencerMd Anzar Aman
I have installed a mechanism with an axial high pressure reaction
turbines including a backward curved reaction turbine (Exhaust
Fan Blade) in a single shaft with an electrical generator which will
convert the kinematic energy into mechanical work and by
mechanical work we can generate electricity, when the pressure
energy of hot gases flows
Utilization of Exhaust Gas of Vehicle for Electricity GenerationIRJET Journal
The document describes a model that utilizes the kinetic energy of exhaust gases from vehicles, specifically two-wheelers, to generate electricity. The model uses a turbine attached to a shaft that spins a generator to produce electric power. Key components include a turbine with buckets that capture the energy of the exhaust gases, causing a runner attached to a shaft to spin. The shaft is connected to gears that drive a dynamo, which generates electricity. The system is designed to provide power for small electric needs in rural villages that lack reliable power sources. It has potential to productively use wasted exhaust energy.
The document discusses different types of wind turbine generators used in wind energy technology. It covers the fundamentals of wind power generation and describes various generator and motor types used - including induction motors, permanent magnet synchronous generators, squirrel cage induction generators, wound rotor induction generators, and doubly fed induction generators. The document also discusses high temperature superconducting wind turbine generators and provides comparisons of advantages and disadvantages of different generator types.
The document discusses the potential for micro-turbines to become even smaller, possibly reaching a personal scale. It outlines the history of electricity generation moving from localized to large centralized systems. Micro-turbines currently range from 5kW to 300kW and could potentially become as small as 100W units. However, challenges remain around fuel supply, safety, reliability, manufacturing challenges, and regulatory and consumer adoption barriers that must still be overcome before personal-scale micro-turbines become widely used. If these challenges can be addressed, the document suggests personal micro-turbines may start to emerge commercially in the mid-2020s.
This paper presents a study analysis of a complete wind energy conversion system, the system based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG); a vector control with stator flux orientation of the DFIG is also used to control independently the active and reactive powers. A comparative study have been performed between the conventional PI controller and fuzzy logic control to investigate its dynamic and static performances. This research work involves the study of a phase in advance, to provide effective assistance, to all those who have to make decisions regarding the planning and implementation of wind energy projects. The main objective is to model the wind chain and the use of two types of strategies for the control of this generator to ensure a good regulation we started with the modeling of the wind chain then the modeling of the DFIG and then the use of the two strategies for the regulation of the latter .The complete system is modeled and simulated in the MATLAB/ Simulink. The performance and robustness are analyzed and compared by Matlab / Simulink .Simulation results prove the excellent performance of fuzzy control unit as improving power quality and stability of wind turbine.
Design and construction of vertical axis wind turbineIAEME Publication
This document describes the design and construction of a vertical axis wind turbine. It aims to generate enough electricity for domestic use in rural areas with minimal costs. The turbine is designed to be 1m in diameter and 1m in height to capture 1 square meter of wind. It uses three J-shaped blades made of galvanized iron sheets. Testing showed the turbine generated up to 26.4 watts of power, achieving an efficiency of 23.3%. While lower than theoretical maximum efficiency, the design shows potential for power generation in off-grid rural applications. Future work may aim to further improve efficiency through more optimized blade designs.
Modelling of solar micro gas turbine for parabolic dish based controller appl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Dish-Stirling unit and photovoltaic panels are the premier technologies available to generate off-grid solar energy. The major issue for both systems is in terms of producing output power. Air-Brayton cycle was utilized asan engine by converting the thermal energy to electricity. Micro gas turbine (MGT) has been recognized as one of the viable alternatives compared to Stirling engines, where it represents a state-of-art parabolic dish engine specifically in turbine gas technology. Hence, the microgas turbine is a technology that is capable of controlling low carbon while providing electricity in off-grid regions. MGT uses any gas as its input like natural gas, bio gas and others. Micro gas turbine has advantages for its high expansion ratio and less moving components. Compared to competing for diesel generators, the electricity costs from hybrid solar units were reduced between 10% and 43%, where as specific CO2 emissions reduced by 20-35%. MGT provides advantages over photovoltaic systems such as the inherent ability to hybridize the systems with hydrocarbon fuels to produce electricity around the clock, and the ability to operate more effectively in very hot climates with photovoltaic performance degradation over the life time of the system. Hybrid solar micro gas-turbines are cost-effective, eco-friendly and pollution free as they can work by burning any gas like natural gas,landfill gasa and others.This paper presented the controls contained in the MGT-dish system consisted of temperature control, fuel flow control, speed and acceleration control. Aconceptual design of the 25kW MGT-dish system was also covered.
This document analyzes and conducts a computational study of a 500m tall, 50m diameter cylindrical reinforced concrete tower that would be used in a solar chimney power plant. The tower is subjected to its own weight, wind loads, and pressure from air flowing inside. Numerical simulations are performed using finite element analysis software to examine the effects of these loads on the tower's stability and strength. Ring stiffeners are included in the design to prevent ovalization of the structure under loads. The results provide insights into the mechanical behavior of this high tower structure for converting solar energy to electricity via airflow through the solar chimney power plant system.
Among the Renewable Energy Sources, Wind Energy is taken up with careful prior efforts before implementation as it requires all capital and technical inputs before payback starts. However, it is a clean source of electric power compared to coal based thermal power. India is a country that has made progress in wind power investment.
Design and Experimental Analysis of Solar air ConditionerIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and experimental analysis of a solar air conditioner. It consists of photovoltaic panels, a solar charger, inverter, and batteries that operate on solar energy for use in non-electrified areas. The system focuses on the design of a direct current air conditioning system integrated with a photovoltaic system. Experimental results show that increasing the generator temperature increases the coefficient of performance (COP) of the air conditioner, while decreasing the evaporator, condenser, and absorber temperatures also increases the COP. Graphs of the relationships between various temperature parameters and COP are presented. The conclusions indicate that the temperature of the still (generator) increases or decreases the COP.
Design of wind turbine controllers in simulation x jagath_ireshika_bernad_dim...Dimuthu Darshana
The document describes the design and simulation of wind turbine controllers in SimulationX. It includes an introduction, overview of control regions for wind power, design of controllers and gearbox, simulation results demonstrating controller performance under different wind conditions, and conclusions. Pitch and torque controllers were designed and tested to regulate turbine speed and power output as wind speed varies across different operating regions. Simulation results show the controllers effectively transition between regions and maintain rated power.
Analysis and Comparisons of Different Type of WCES- A Literature Reviewpaperpublications3
Abstract: With very rapid development of wind power technologies and significant growth of wind power capacity installed worldwide, various wind turbine concepts have been developed. The wind energy conversion system is required to be more cost-competitive, so that comparisons of different wind generator systems are necessary. A literature review of different types wind energy conversion systems is presented. First, the modern wind turbines are described with respect to both their control features and drive train types, and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Then, the quantitative comparison and market penetration of different wind generator systems are presented. The promising permanent magnet generator types are also investigated. After that the ongoing trends of wind generator systems and related comparison criteria are discussed.
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a vertical axis wind turbine for use on highways in India. It includes the following key points:
1) The motivation was to design a wind turbine that could harness wind energy from passing vehicles to power streetlights along highways, improving nighttime visibility and safety.
2) An initial design was created based on Lenz's vertical axis wind turbine design. It was then modeled, simulated using ANSYS, and a prototype was built for testing.
3) Testing of the prototype found it was able to produce up to 4.5W of power from wind, achieving an efficiency of 25%. Analysis showed with optimized production, efficiencies over 28% could be achieved to
IRJET- Theoretical & Computational Design of Wind Turbine with Wind LensIRJET Journal
This document describes the theoretical and computational design of a wind turbine with a wind lens. The wind lens is intended to increase the power output of the turbine by increasing the wind speed. The wind lens creates a region of lower pressure behind the turbine, inducing more wind flow through the turbine blades. Computational fluid dynamics simulations show that the wind speed increases from 5 m/s to 9 m/s when using a wind lens. This results in the power output increasing substantially from 24.97 Watts to 145.65 Watts, an over 80% increase in power generation. The document outlines the design calculations for an airfoil blade shape and the dimensions of the wind lens to maximize its effect.
Performance of a Wind System: Case Study of Sidi Daoud SiteIJERA Editor
This document presents a study of the performance of a wind energy conversion system at the Sidi Daoud site in Tunisia. Experimental data from the site was collected and used to develop performance models relating the output power of the wind turbine to factors like wind speed, mast height, blade diameter, and other dimensional characteristics. The models showed that output power increases with mast height and blade diameter up to an optimal speed range, above which turbulence reduces power. An optimization approach is suggested to minimize the investment cost per kWh by determining the optimal mast height and blade diameter values.
IRJET - Measurement and Analysis of the Voltage Current Characteristic of a M...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the voltage and current characteristics of a model wind power system as wind speed and direction are varied. The study finds that:
1) Output voltages and currents increase directly with fan speed.
2) The peak voltage of 6.64V is obtained when the wind is perpendicular to the wind generator at an angle of 0 degrees.
3) Voltages and currents decrease as the wind angle increases from the perpendicular position of 0 degrees.
Performance analysis of wind turbine as a distributed generation unit in dist...ijcsit
The document describes a simulation of wind turbines connected to a power distribution system. It analyzes the performance of wind turbines as distributed generation under normal and fault conditions. The simulation models wind turbines using induction generators connected to a 25kV distribution network exporting power to a 120kV grid. It finds that the wind turbines provide excellent performance under both normal and fault conditions in the power distribution system. Key aspects of the modeling and simulation are described such as the wind turbine characteristics, induction machine model, and simulation results for active power, reactive power, and generator speed under normal operating conditions.
This document describes a proposed maglev windmill design. Some key points:
- The maglev windmill uses magnetic levitation to suspend the turbine blades in air, eliminating mechanical friction and allowing the turbine to operate in very low wind speeds starting at 1.5 m/s.
- The design aims to increase power generation capacity by 20% over conventional wind turbines and decrease operational costs by 50% by using magnetic levitation bearings.
- The document provides background on wind power technologies, components of conventional wind turbines, and introduces the concept of using an axial flux generator and magnetic levitation in the proposed maglev windmill design.
The purpose of this work is to present the advantages of the power control (active and reactive) of a wind energy system in order to improve the quality of the energy produced to the grid by presenting two control strategies applied to the conversion system of wind energy equipped with an asynchronous generator with dual power supply. Both techniques are studied and developed and consist of a field control (FOC) and a sliding mode control. They find their strongest justifications for the problem of using a nonlinear control law that is robust to the uncertainties of the model. The goal is to apply these two commands to independently control the active and reactive powers generated by the decoupled asynchronous machine by flow orientation. Thus, a study of these commands will be detailed and validated in the Matlab / Simulink environment with the simultaneous use of the "Pitch Control" and "Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)" techniques. The results of numerical simulations obtained show the increasing interest of the two controls in the electrical systems. They also attest that the quality of the active and reactive powers and voltages of the wind system is considerably improved.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the performance of micro wind turbines installed at an experimental housing development called the EcoSmart Show Village over a 12-month period. Five micro wind turbines of two different models were tested under real-world conditions. Measured outputs were lower than theoretical outputs, likely due to turbulence from the urban environment and inefficiencies in the inverters. Factors like lateral turbulence and inverter consumption need to be considered to accurately assess the potential output of micro turbines in built-up areas.
Integration of a Wind Turbine Based Doubly Fed Induction Generator Using STAT...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes research on integrating a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) into the power grid using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and crowbar protection to improve transient stability. A DFIG consists of a wound rotor induction generator connected to the grid via a partial-scale power converter. During faults, a crowbar is used to protect the converter by short-circuiting the rotor, while a STATCOM senses voltage sags and provides quick compensation. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that using STATCOM and DFIG control schemes can improve power quality and grid stability by regulating voltage and reactive power during disturbances.
Energy is a fundamental need for industries in every part of the world. The cost of
electricity has increased significantly in the recent years and this trend is expected to continue in the
coming years as well. Ventilation is a key component in the design and execution of all underground
mine operations. Energy-efficient ventilation design is crucial for maintaining safe working
conditions in underground coal or metal mines. Ventilation demand in metal mines may vary
throughout the year, and a careful redesign of the ventilation system can optimize energy costs to a
good extent. This paper investigates the potential for energy savings in underground metal mines by
installing variable frequency drives (VFDs) on the main ventilation fans to provide variable control of
airflow. VFDs are cost-effective, easy to control and require little maintenance. It has been found that
significant amounts of electrical energy can be saved by installing VFDs on the main ventilation fans.
Fuzzy Logic Pitch Control of Variable Speed Wind TurbineIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that designed and simulated fuzzy logic and PID controllers for pitch control of a variable speed wind turbine. It first provides background on variable speed wind turbines and how pitch control is used to regulate power output. It then describes the mathematical models developed for the wind turbine components and control system. Finally, it details the design and simulation of fuzzy logic and PID pitch controllers, showing that the fuzzy logic controller achieved better control performance than the PID controller.
Modeling and Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbine-Gen...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a vector control direct (FOC) of double fed induction generator intended to control the generated stator powers. This device is intended to be implemented in a variable-speed wind-energy conversion system connected to the grid. In order to control the active and reactive power exchanged between the machine stator and the grid, the rotor is fed by a bi-directional converter. The DFIG is controlled by standard relay controllers. Details of the control strategy and system simulation were performed using Simulink and the results are presented in this here to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Environmental factors such as air pollution and increase in global warming by using polluting fuels are the most important reasons of using renewable and clean energy that runs in global community. Wind energy is one of the most suitable and widely used kind of renewable energy which had been in consideration so well. This paper introduces an electric power generation
system of wind based on Y-source and improved Y-source inverter to deliver optimal electrical power to the network. This new converter is from impedance source converters family. This presented converter has more degrees of freedom to adjust voltage gain and modulation. Also, by limiting the range of simultaneous control (shooting through) while it maintains the
highest power of maximizer, it can operate in higher modulation range. This causes the reduce of stress in switching and thus it will improve the quality of output. Recommended system had been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and shown results indicate accurate functionality.
In recent years, wind energy has become one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Various wind turbine concepts with different generator topologies have been developed to convert this abundant energy into electric power. The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently the most common type of generator used in wind farms. Usually the DFIG generator is a wound rotor induction machine, where the stator circuit is directly connected to grid while the rotor’s winding is connected to the grid via a three-phase converter. This paper describes an approach for the independent control of the active and reactive powers of the variable-speed DFIG. The simulation model including a 1.5 MW-DFIG driven by a wind turbine, a PWM back-to-back inverter and the proposed control strategy are developed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSystems environment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document provides an abstract and introduction for a project proposal on a working model of a maglev windmill. It summarizes that conventional windmills use mechanical bearings that create friction, while a maglev windmill would use magnetic levitation to eliminate friction. This would allow the turbine to operate in very low wind speeds. The document then reviews several sources that propose maglev wind turbines could have higher efficiency and be able to operate in a wider range of wind speeds than traditional designs. The project aims to design and implement a vertical axis maglev wind turbine that can harness wind power for electricity generation.
This document provides an overview of electrical conversion systems for wind turbines. It describes the three main systems: constant speed, variable speed with doubly-fed induction generator, and variable speed with direct-drive generator. It also discusses trends toward variable speed systems and increasing the voltage level of generators up to 5kV. The document reviews the basics of wind energy conversion, requirements for electrical systems, classical conversion systems and their strengths/weaknesses, electric converters used, and alternative generator systems and trends.
Wind Turbine Generator Tied To Grid Using Inverter Techniques and Its DesignsIJSRD
The document proposes a method for connecting small 300W wind turbine generators directly to the grid using inverter techniques, without the need for batteries. It describes using a permanent magnet generator coupled with a boost converter and three-phase inverter to stabilize voltage and maximize power extraction using MPPT control. Simulation results show that the proposed system is able to maintain grid voltage and power local loads by controlling active and reactive power flow.
- The document describes the design and testing of a homemade PVC wind turbine by students at Sagar Institute of Research & Technology in Bhopal.
- It includes sections on the components of wind turbines, how PVC was used for the turbine blades, and the experimental setup testing the turbine's ability to generate power from wind energy using PVC blades.
- The students found that the PVC blade profile generated better power capacity as the rotational speed of the rotor increased. Further testing is needed to confirm these initial results showing the potential of PVC blades for small wind turbines.
Airfoil linear wind generator (alwg) as a novel wind energy extraction approachijmech
Linear wind generator (LWG) is a sufficient way of wind energy harnessing process. However, complicated
LWG energy extraction mechanism such as complex system for transferring linear motion to rotational
motion and problems related to changing the angle of attack is resulted to energy dissipation. In the other
hand the linear generator that delivers ocean wave energy to electricity has been developed as a new renewable energy extraction method. Some of the problems associated with this technology are corrosion,
high cost of manufacturing, high requirement for installation and construction, economical consideration,etc. In the most recent works, low dissipation energy in mechanism, low cost, simplicity and high performance are highly regarded as environmentally friendly methods for wind energy extraction mechanisms. In the current study, we would like to introduce a new and efficient method to extract wind energy using airfoil linear wind generator(ALWG). ALWG is a new method that produces liner reciprocating motion via attached airfoils to a mover in a magnetic field in order to generate electricity.The most important advantage of ALWG is its simplicity and its compatibility to all wind situations that can be more controllable relative to ocean-based and also relative to LWG that become challengeable problem.
Modeling and simulation of dfig to grid connected wind power generation using...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on modeling and simulating a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) connected to the power grid using MATLAB. It begins with an introduction to DFIGs and their advantages over other wind turbine generator types. It then describes the components and control of a DFIG system, including the AC/DC/AC converter. The document outlines the modeling of wind turbine and DFIG components in MATLAB/Simulink. It presents equations for calculating wind power capture and discusses modeling the variable speed capability of DFIGs. Finally, it summarizes simulation results showing DFIG operation and integration with the electric grid.
Similar to Using position control to improve the efficiency of wind turbine (20)
Amazon products reviews classification based on machine learning, deep learni...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In recent times, the trend of online shopping through e-commerce stores and websites has grown to a huge extent. Whenever a product is purchased on an e-commerce platform, people leave their reviews about the product. These reviews are very helpful for the store owners and the product’s manufacturers for the betterment of their work process as well as product quality. An automated system is proposed in this work that operates on two datasets D1 and D2 obtained from Amazon. After certain preprocessing steps, N-gram and word embedding-based features are extracted using term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), bag of words (BoW) and global vectors (GloVe), and Word2vec, respectively. Four machine learning (ML) models support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression (RF), logistic regression (LR), multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), two deep learning (DL) models convolutional neural network (CNN), long-short term memory (LSTM), and standalone bidirectional encoder representations (BERT) are used to classify reviews as either positive or negative. The results obtained by the standard ML, DL models and BERT are evaluated using certain performance evaluation measures. BERT turns out to be the best-performing model in the case of D1 with an accuracy of 90% on features derived by word embedding models while the CNN provides the best accuracy of 97% upon word embedding features in the case of D2. The proposed model shows better overall performance on D2 as compared to D1.
Design, simulation, and analysis of microstrip patch antenna for wireless app...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this study, a microstrip patch antenna that works at 3.6 GHz was built and tested to see how well it works. In this work, Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 has been used as the substrate material, with a dielectric permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.3451 mm; it serves as the base for the examined antenna. The computer simulation technology (CST) studio suite is utilized to show the recommended antenna design. The goal of this study was to get a more extensive transmission capacity, a lower voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and a lower return loss, but the main goal was to get a higher gain, directivity, and efficiency. After simulation, the return loss, gain, directivity, bandwidth, and efficiency of the supplied antenna are found to be -17.626 dB, 9.671 dBi, 9.924 dBi, 0.2 GHz, and 97.45%, respectively. Besides, the recreation uncovered that the transfer speed side-lobe level at phi was much better than those of the earlier works, at -28.8 dB, respectively. Thus, it makes a solid contender for remote innovation and more robust communication.
Design and simulation an optimal enhanced PI controller for congestion avoida...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document describes using a snake optimization algorithm to tune the gains of an enhanced proportional-integral controller for congestion avoidance in a TCP/AQM system. The controller aims to maintain a stable and desired queue size without noise or transmission problems. A linearized model of the TCP/AQM system is presented. An enhanced PI controller combining nonlinear gain and original PI gains is proposed. The snake optimization algorithm is then used to tune the parameters of the enhanced PI controller to achieve optimal system performance and response. Simulation results are discussed showing the proposed controller provides a stable and robust behavior for congestion control.
Improving the detection of intrusion in vehicular ad-hoc networks with modifi...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are wireless-equipped vehicles that form networks along the road. The security of this network has been a major challenge. The identity-based cryptosystem (IBC) previously used to secure the networks suffers from membership authentication security features. This paper focuses on improving the detection of intruders in VANETs with a modified identity-based cryptosystem (MIBC). The MIBC is developed using a non-singular elliptic curve with Lagrange interpolation. The public key of vehicles and roadside units on the network are derived from number plates and location identification numbers, respectively. Pseudo-identities are used to mask the real identity of users to preserve their privacy. The membership authentication mechanism ensures that only valid and authenticated members of the network are allowed to join the network. The performance of the MIBC is evaluated using intrusion detection ratio (IDR) and computation time (CT) and then validated with the existing IBC. The result obtained shows that the MIBC recorded an IDR of 99.3% against 94.3% obtained for the existing identity-based cryptosystem (EIBC) for 140 unregistered vehicles attempting to intrude on the network. The MIBC shows lower CT values of 1.17 ms against 1.70 ms for EIBC. The MIBC can be used to improve the security of VANETs.
Conceptual model of internet banking adoption with perceived risk and trust f...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Understanding the primary factors of internet banking (IB) acceptance is critical for both banks and users; nevertheless, our knowledge of the role of users’ perceived risk and trust in IB adoption is limited. As a result, we develop a conceptual model by incorporating perceived risk and trust into the technology acceptance model (TAM) theory toward the IB. The proper research emphasized that the most essential component in explaining IB adoption behavior is behavioral intention to use IB adoption. TAM is helpful for figuring out how elements that affect IB adoption are connected to one another. According to previous literature on IB and the use of such technology in Iraq, one has to choose a theoretical foundation that may justify the acceptance of IB from the customer’s perspective. The conceptual model was therefore constructed using the TAM as a foundation. Furthermore, perceived risk and trust were added to the TAM dimensions as external factors. The key objective of this work was to extend the TAM to construct a conceptual model for IB adoption and to get sufficient theoretical support from the existing literature for the essential elements and their relationships in order to unearth new insights about factors responsible for IB adoption.
Efficient combined fuzzy logic and LMS algorithm for smart antennaTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The smart antennas are broadly used in wireless communication. The least mean square (LMS) algorithm is a procedure that is concerned in controlling the smart antenna pattern to accommodate specified requirements such as steering the beam toward the desired signal, in addition to placing the deep nulls in the direction of unwanted signals. The conventional LMS (C-LMS) has some drawbacks like slow convergence speed besides high steady state fluctuation error. To overcome these shortcomings, the present paper adopts an adaptive fuzzy control step size least mean square (FC-LMS) algorithm to adjust its step size. Computer simulation outcomes illustrate that the given model has fast convergence rate as well as low mean square error steady state.
Design and implementation of a LoRa-based system for warning of forest fireTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents the design and implementation of a forest fire monitoring and warning system based on long range (LoRa) technology, a novel ultra-low power consumption and long-range wireless communication technology for remote sensing applications. The proposed system includes a wireless sensor network that records environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the air, as well as taking infrared photos.The data collected at each sensor node will be transmitted to the gateway via LoRa wireless transmission. Data will be collected, processed, and uploaded to a cloud database at the gateway. An Android smartphone application that allows anyone to easily view the recorded data has been developed. When a fire is detected, the system will sound a siren and send a warning message to the responsible personnel, instructing them to take appropriate action. Experiments in Tram Chim Park, Vietnam, have been conducted to verify and evaluate the operation of the system.
Wavelet-based sensing technique in cognitive radio networkTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Cognitive radio is a smart radio that can change its transmitter parameter based on interaction with the environment in which it operates. The demand for frequency spectrum is growing due to a big data issue as many Internet of Things (IoT) devices are in the network. Based on previous research, most frequency spectrum was used, but some spectrums were not used, called spectrum hole. Energy detection is one of the spectrum sensing methods that has been frequently used since it is easy to use and does not require license users to have any prior signal understanding. But this technique is incapable of detecting at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. Therefore, the wavelet-based sensing is proposed to overcome this issue and detect spectrum holes. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of wavelet-based sensing and compare it with the energy detection technique. The findings show that the percentage of detection in wavelet-based sensing is 83% higher than energy detection performance. This result indicates that the wavelet-based sensing has higher precision in detection and the interference towards primary user can be decreased.
A novel compact dual-band bandstop filter with enhanced rejection bandsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, we present the design of a new wide dual-band bandstop filter (DBBSF) using nonuniform transmission lines. The method used to design this filter is to replace conventional uniform transmission lines with nonuniform lines governed by a truncated Fourier series. Based on how impedances are profiled in the proposed DBBSF structure, the fractional bandwidths of the two 10 dB-down rejection bands are widened to 39.72% and 52.63%, respectively, and the physical size has been reduced compared to that of the filter with the uniform transmission lines. The results of the electromagnetic (EM) simulation support the obtained analytical response and show an improved frequency behavior.
Deep learning approach to DDoS attack with imbalanced data at the application...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is where one or more computers attack or target a server computer, by flooding internet traffic to the server. As a result, the server cannot be accessed by legitimate users. A result of this attack causes enormous losses for a company because it can reduce the level of user trust, and reduce the company’s reputation to lose customers due to downtime. One of the services at the application layer that can be accessed by users is a web-based lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) service that can provide safe and easy services to access directory applications. We used a deep learning approach to detect DDoS attacks on the CICDDoS 2019 dataset on a complex computer network at the application layer to get fast and accurate results for dealing with unbalanced data. Based on the results obtained, it is observed that DDoS attack detection using a deep learning approach on imbalanced data performs better when implemented using synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) method for binary classes. On the other hand, the proposed deep learning approach performs better for detecting DDoS attacks in multiclass when implemented using the adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) method.
The appearance of uncertainties and disturbances often effects the characteristics of either linear or nonlinear systems. Plus, the stabilization process may be deteriorated thus incurring a catastrophic effect to the system performance. As such, this manuscript addresses the concept of matching condition for the systems that are suffering from miss-match uncertainties and exogeneous disturbances. The perturbation towards the system at hand is assumed to be known and unbounded. To reach this outcome, uncertainties and their classifications are reviewed thoroughly. The structural matching condition is proposed and tabulated in the proposition 1. Two types of mathematical expressions are presented to distinguish the system with matched uncertainty and the system with miss-matched uncertainty. Lastly, two-dimensional numerical expressions are provided to practice the proposed proposition. The outcome shows that matching condition has the ability to change the system to a design-friendly model for asymptotic stabilization.
Implementation of FinFET technology based low power 4×4 Wallace tree multipli...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Many systems, including digital signal processors, finite impulse response (FIR) filters, application-specific integrated circuits, and microprocessors, use multipliers. The demand for low power multipliers is gradually rising day by day in the current technological trend. In this study, we describe a 4×4 Wallace multiplier based on a carry select adder (CSA) that uses less power and has a better power delay product than existing multipliers. HSPICE tool at 16 nm technology is used to simulate the results. In comparison to the traditional CSA-based multiplier, which has a power consumption of 1.7 µW and power delay product (PDP) of 57.3 fJ, the results demonstrate that the Wallace multiplier design employing CSA with first zero finding logic (FZF) logic has the lowest power consumption of 1.4 µW and PDP of 27.5 fJ.
Evaluation of the weighted-overlap add model with massive MIMO in a 5G systemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The flaw in 5G orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) becomes apparent in high-speed situations. Because the doppler effect causes frequency shifts, the orthogonality of OFDM subcarriers is broken, lowering both their bit error rate (BER) and throughput output. As part of this research, we use a novel design that combines massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and weighted overlap and add (WOLA) to improve the performance of 5G systems. To determine which design is superior, throughput and BER are calculated for both the proposed design and OFDM. The results of the improved system show a massive improvement in performance ver the conventional system and significant improvements with massive MIMO, including the best throughput and BER. When compared to conventional systems, the improved system has a throughput that is around 22% higher and the best performance in terms of BER, but it still has around 25% less error than OFDM.
Reflector antenna design in different frequencies using frequency selective s...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this study, it is aimed to obtain two different asymmetric radiation patterns obtained from antennas in the shape of the cross-section of a parabolic reflector (fan blade type antennas) and antennas with cosecant-square radiation characteristics at two different frequencies from a single antenna. For this purpose, firstly, a fan blade type antenna design will be made, and then the reflective surface of this antenna will be completed to the shape of the reflective surface of the antenna with the cosecant-square radiation characteristic with the frequency selective surface designed to provide the characteristics suitable for the purpose. The frequency selective surface designed and it provides the perfect transmission as possible at 4 GHz operating frequency, while it will act as a band-quenching filter for electromagnetic waves at 5 GHz operating frequency and will be a reflective surface. Thanks to this frequency selective surface to be used as a reflective surface in the antenna, a fan blade type radiation characteristic at 4 GHz operating frequency will be obtained, while a cosecant-square radiation characteristic at 5 GHz operating frequency will be obtained.
Reagentless iron detection in water based on unclad fiber optical sensorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A simple and low-cost fiber based optical sensor for iron detection is demonstrated in this paper. The sensor head consist of an unclad optical fiber with the unclad length of 1 cm and it has a straight structure. Results obtained shows a linear relationship between the output light intensity and iron concentration, illustrating the functionality of this iron optical sensor. Based on the experimental results, the sensitivity and linearity are achieved at 0.0328/ppm and 0.9824 respectively at the wavelength of 690 nm. With the same wavelength, other performance parameters are also studied. Resolution and limit of detection (LOD) are found to be 0.3049 ppm and 0.0755 ppm correspondingly. This iron sensor is advantageous in that it does not require any reagent for detection, enabling it to be simpler and cost-effective in the implementation of the iron sensing.
Impact of CuS counter electrode calcination temperature on quantum dot sensit...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In place of the commercial Pt electrode used in quantum sensitized solar cells, the low-cost CuS cathode is created using electrophoresis. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the structure and morphology of structural cubic samples with diameters ranging from 40 nm to 200 nm. The conversion efficiency of solar cells is significantly impacted by the calcination temperatures of cathodes at 100 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C under vacuum. The fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)/CuS cathode electrode reached a maximum efficiency of 3.89% when it was calcined at 120 °C. Compared to other temperature combinations, CuS nanoparticles crystallize at 120 °C, which lowers resistance while increasing electron lifetime.
In place of the commercial Pt electrode used in quantum sensitized solar cells, the low-cost CuS cathode is created using electrophoresis. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the structure and morphology of structural cubic samples with diameters ranging from 40 nm to 200 nm. The conversion efficiency of solar cells is significantly impacted by the calcination temperatures of cathodes at 100 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C under vacuum. The fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)/CuS cathode electrode reached a maximum efficiency of 3.89% when it was calcined at 120 °C. Compared to other temperature combinations, CuS nanoparticles crystallize at 120 °C, which lowers resistance while increasing electron lifetime.
A progressive learning for structural tolerance online sequential extreme lea...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This article discusses the progressive learning for structural tolerance online sequential extreme learning machine (PSTOS-ELM). PSTOS-ELM can save robust accuracy while updating the new data and the new class data on the online training situation. The robustness accuracy arises from using the householder block exact QR decomposition recursive least squares (HBQRD-RLS) of the PSTOS-ELM. This method is suitable for applications that have data streaming and often have new class data. Our experiment compares the PSTOS-ELM accuracy and accuracy robustness while data is updating with the batch-extreme learning machine (ELM) and structural tolerance online sequential extreme learning machine (STOS-ELM) that both must retrain the data in a new class data case. The experimental results show that PSTOS-ELM has accuracy and robustness comparable to ELM and STOS-ELM while also can update new class data immediately.
Electroencephalography-based brain-computer interface using neural networksTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This study aimed to develop a brain-computer interface that can control an electric wheelchair using electroencephalography (EEG) signals. First, we used the Mind Wave Mobile 2 device to capture raw EEG signals from the surface of the scalp. The signals were transformed into the frequency domain using fast Fourier transform (FFT) and filtered to monitor changes in attention and relaxation. Next, we performed time and frequency domain analyses to identify features for five eye gestures: opened, closed, blink per second, double blink, and lookup. The base state was the opened-eyes gesture, and we compared the features of the remaining four action gestures to the base state to identify potential gestures. We then built a multilayer neural network to classify these features into five signals that control the wheelchair’s movement. Finally, we designed an experimental wheelchair system to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that the EEG classification was highly accurate and computationally efficient. Moreover, the average performance of the brain-controlled wheelchair system was over 75% across different individuals, which suggests the feasibility of this approach.
Adaptive segmentation algorithm based on level set model in medical imagingTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
For image segmentation, level set models are frequently employed. It offer best solution to overcome the main limitations of deformable parametric models. However, the challenge when applying those models in medical images stills deal with removing blurs in image edges which directly affects the edge indicator function, leads to not adaptively segmenting images and causes a wrong analysis of pathologies wich prevents to conclude a correct diagnosis. To overcome such issues, an effective process is suggested by simultaneously modelling and solving systems’ two-dimensional partial differential equations (PDE). The first PDE equation allows restoration using Euler’s equation similar to an anisotropic smoothing based on a regularized Perona and Malik filter that eliminates noise while preserving edge information in accordance with detected contours in the second equation that segments the image based on the first equation solutions. This approach allows developing a new algorithm which overcome the studied model drawbacks. Results of the proposed method give clear segments that can be applied to any application. Experiments on many medical images in particular blurry images with high information losses, demonstrate that the developed approach produces superior segmentation results in terms of quantity and quality compared to other models already presented in previeous works.
Automatic channel selection using shuffled frog leaping algorithm for EEG bas...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Drug addiction is a complex neurobiological disorder that necessitates comprehensive treatment of both the body and mind. It is categorized as a brain disorder due to its impact on the brain. Various methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) can capture brain activities and structures. EEG signals provide valuable insights into neurological disorders, including drug addiction. Accurate classification of drug addiction from EEG signals relies on appropriate features and channel selection. Choosing the right EEG channels is essential to reduce computational costs and mitigate the risk of overfitting associated with using all available channels. To address the challenge of optimal channel selection in addiction detection from EEG signals, this work employs the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA). SFLA facilitates the selection of appropriate channels, leading to improved accuracy. Wavelet features extracted from the selected input channel signals are then analyzed using various machine learning classifiers to detect addiction. Experimental results indicate that after selecting features from the appropriate channels, classification accuracy significantly increased across all classifiers. Particularly, the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier combined with SFLA demonstrated a remarkable accuracy improvement of 15.78% while reducing time complexity.
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...IJCNCJournal
Paper Title
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation with Hybrid Beam Forming Power Transfer in WSN-IoT Applications
Authors
Reginald Jude Sixtus J and Tamilarasi Muthu, Puducherry Technological University, India
Abstract
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) helps to overcome various difficulties in future technology wireless communications. NOMA, when utilized with millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, channel estimation becomes extremely difficult. For reaping the benefits of the NOMA and mm-Wave combination, effective channel estimation is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization based long short-term memory estimator network (PSOLSTMEstNet), which is a neural network model that can be employed to forecast the bandwidth required in the mm-Wave MIMO network. The prime advantage of the LSTM is that it has the capability of dynamically adapting to the functioning pattern of fluctuating channel state. The LSTM stage with adaptive coding and modulation enhances the BER.PSO algorithm is employed to optimize input weights of LSTM network. The modified algorithm splits the power by channel condition of every single user. Participants will be first sorted into distinct groups depending upon respective channel conditions, using a hybrid beamforming approach. The network characteristics are fine-estimated using PSO-LSTMEstNet after a rough approximation of channels parameters derived from the received data.
Keywords
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), mm-Wave, MIMO, NOMA, deep learning, optimization.
Volume URL: https://airccse.org/journal/ijc2022.html
Abstract URL:https://aircconline.com/abstract/ijcnc/v14n5/14522cnc05.html
Pdf URL: https://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V14N5/14522cnc05.pdf
#scopuspublication #scopusindexed #callforpapers #researchpapers #cfp #researchers #phdstudent #researchScholar #journalpaper #submission #journalsubmission #WBAN #requirements #tailoredtreatment #MACstrategy #enhancedefficiency #protrcal #computing #analysis #wirelessbodyareanetworks #wirelessnetworks
#adhocnetwork #VANETs #OLSRrouting #routing #MPR #nderesidualenergy #korea #cognitiveradionetworks #radionetworks #rendezvoussequence
Here's where you can reach us : ijcnc@airccse.org or ijcnc@aircconline.com
Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
Cricket management system ptoject report.pdfKamal Acharya
The aim of this project is to provide the complete information of the National and
International statistics. The information is available country wise and player wise. By
entering the data of eachmatch, we can get all type of reports instantly, which will be
useful to call back history of each player. Also the team performance in each match can
be obtained. We can get a report on number of matches, wins and lost.
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
❣Independent Call Girls Chennai 💯Call Us 🔝 7737669865 🔝💃Independent Chennai E...
Using position control to improve the efficiency of wind turbine
1. TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control
Vol. 18, No. 6, December 2020, pp. 3240~3246
ISSN: 1693-6930, accredited First Grade by Kemenristekdikti, Decree No: 21/E/KPT/2018
DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v18i6.16171 3240
Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA
Using position control to improve the efficiency of wind turbine
Roshen Tariq Ahmedhamdi, Salam Waley Shneen
Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology, Iraq
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Mar 27, 2020
Revised Jun 5, 2020
Accepted Jul 9, 2020
Wind energy is one of the renewable energies that can be using to generate
electricity. Increasing demand for this type of renewable energy for
sustainability and accessibility. Environmentally as it does not cause any
pollution in addition to the abundance of required equipment and less
maintenance and long operation life of its parts despite the high cost of the
system at its installation but at long term, become cheaper. Wind power
generators depend on their operation on wind speed and direction. Therefore,
it should be installing in places where the wind speed is adequate and sufficient
to rotate its rotor, it knows that wind speed is variable in its speed and direction
they change every hour and every season. In this design, many practical and
theoretical (simulation) experiments have been done which will be mentioned
and explained in details in this research shows that this mechanism raises the
efficiency of wind power generators by 80% when the rotor of the wind turbine
directed towards the wind than if they were fixed direction.
Keywords:
Renewable energy
Turbine rotation speed
Wind energy
wind power generators
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Salam Waley Shneen,
Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center,
University of Technology,
52 Al-Snaa street, Baghdad, Iraq.
Email: salam_waley73@yahoo.com
1. INTRODUCTION
Clean energy that called renewable energy and there is widespread popular support for using
renewable energy, particularly solar and wind energy, which provide electricity without giving rise to any
carbon dioxide emissions [1-3]. Utilization of wind energy has increased spectacularly in recent years, with
annual increases in installed capacity of around 20% in recent years [4-6]. Research into alternate sources of
energy dated back in the late 90s. Electricity can be used onshore and offshore sites to produce from wind with
a distinct difference for example in 2015, onshore wind averaged 30% capacity, and offshore 41% [5-7].
The world is growing energy need, alongside increasing population led to the continual use of fossil fuel-based
energy sources (coal, oil and gas) which became problematic by creating several challenges such as: depletion
of fossil fuel reserves, greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental [7-9]. Wind energy, the emergence
of wind as an important source of the World’s energy has taken a commanding lead among renewable sources.
Wind exists everywhere in the world, in some places with considerable energy density [10-12]. Wind energy
harnesses kinetic energy from moving air. The primary application of the importance to climate change
mitigation is to produce electricity from large turbines located onshore (land) or offshore (in sea or fresh
water) [13-15]. Onshore wind energy technologies are already being manufacture and deployed on large
scale [16-18]. Wind turbines convert the energy of wind into electricity. Meeting the needs of the developing
world with modern energy and other infrastructure technologies is a critical task for improving quality of life
and enhancing human development [19-21]. The wind turbine need the following requirements, previous
studies, for the performance improvement of a vertical axis wind turbine, aerodynamic analysis, control
2. TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control
Using position control to improve the efficiency of wind turbine (Roshen Tariq Ahmedhamdi)
3241
mechanism design and its realization of 1kw class model are carrying out. The power output is improving about
60% comparing with VAWT using fixed pitch and symmetric airfoil [22-25].
2. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
2.1. Operating principle of the system modeling
The purpose of this research is to design a wind turbine fan rotating system (yaw angle) to make it
windward, as shown in red in Figure 1. In order to test the system that has designed in this research and show
the effect of wind direction on the efficiency and speed of rotation of the wind turbine fan. A practical
experiment has conducted at the wind energy laboratory/energy and renewable energy technology center at
the University of Technology/Baghdad. Its purpose is to show how the wind direction affects the rotational
speed of the turbine fan. Where a miniature model of a turbine fan has installed, as in Figure 2. A turbine fan
has installed on a base that has the ability to change its angle as required. In addition to linking the fan outlet
with a rotational speedometer in order to provide the possibility of measuring the fan rotational speed when
changing the angle, as shown by the experiment system in Figure 3.
Figure 1. Yaw position control system Figure 2. Small-scale wind turbine rotor
Figure 3. Experimental test for the air angel of attack on the rotor
2.2. Proposed experimental and results
This simulation had two experiment include; Experiment one: This experiment shows the effect of
changing the angle of wind attack on a wind turbine fan. The test focused on the effect of changing the angle
in terms of rotational speed. The rotational speed is very important for generating electricity from wind turbines
and raising their efficiency. The higher the wind speed, the faster the rotational speed, and thus the efficiency
and the generation of wind turbines are better. Certainly, within the reasonable and permissible limits in terms
of design, otherwise at high speed cause the system to collapse. Note that there are many protection systems
for wind turbines in cases of high speed during storms. There is no room for this in this research. In this
3. ISSN: 1693-6930
TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 18, No. 6, December 2020: 3240 - 3246
3242
experiment, we considered the zero-degree angle to be the highest wind direction on the turbine fan, while we
considered the 90-degree angle as the lowest wind on the turbine. Three values had selected for wind speed:
4 m/s, 3.3 m/s, and 2.6 m s. Table 1 shows the results obtained.
Figure 4 shows the results of the first experiment in the form of curves, through which we can observe
the effect of changing the direction of wind on the rotational speed of the wind turbine fan and thus affect its
efficiency. From these curves we note that the highest rotational speed when the turbine fan is facing the wind
and therefore the highest efficiency and maximum generation are in this case gradually decreasing whenever
the wind angle changes until all the curves meet and become zero when you are not facing the wind despite
changing the wind speed. Table 2 shows the amount of change of the percentage of the turbine rotation speed
when changing the direction of the wind, and therefore the percentage of change of the efficiency of the turbine
obtained from the results of Table 1 as the maximum wind impact value is considered to be (100% maximum
efficiency, it gradually decreases according to the attack angle of the wind on the fan.
Table 1. Output results of experiment 1
Air angle of attack (Degree)
Wind speed = 4 m/s Wind speed = 3.3 m/s Wind speed = 2.6 m/s
Turbine Speed (rpm) Turbine Speed (rpm) Turbine Speed (rpm)
0 Max effect 545.672 450.180 354.687
10 511.568 409.254 327.403
20 477.463 388.791 300.120
30 457.000 300.120 259.194
40 368.329 252.373 177.343
50 263.287 218.269 143.239
0 163.701 184.164 114.591
70 111.862 111.862 83.215
80 13.641 6.820 4.092
90 Min effect 6.820 0.00 0.00
Figure 4. he Wind angle of attack Vs. turbine rotor speed/output results
Table 2. The relation between wind angle and changing of the efficiency according to wind speed
Wind angle of attack
(Degree)
Efficiency (%) wind
speed 4 m/s
Efficiency (%) wind
speed 3.3 m/s
Efficiency (%) wind
speed 2.6 m/s
0 100 100 100
10 94 91 93
20 88 87 85
30 84 68 74
40 68 56 50
50 49 49 41
60 30 41 33
70 21 25 24
80 3 2 2
90 2 0 0
Figure 5 shows the curves of changing the efficiency of the turbine relative to changing the angle of
the wind attack, and we note that whenever the turbines are facing the wind, they give the highest efficiency, i.e.,
a direct relationship between them. Wind direction the system rotates the fan towards the wind to avoid low
generation efficiency. A control system was designing for the angle intended to rotate the turbine fan-fastening tower,
Wind Angle of Attack Vs. Turbine Rotor Speed
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Wind Angle of Attack (Degree)
TurbineRotorSpeed(RPM)
Wind Speed 4m/s
Wind Speed 3.3 m/s
Wind Speed 2.6 m/s
4. TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control
Using position control to improve the efficiency of wind turbine (Roshen Tariq Ahmedhamdi)
3243
so that it faces winds, Figure 6 showing the box representation of it. This system we note that there are two of
the line. It is possible to work with one of them if the line reveals the angle within it. However, it is better to
use the two because, through the experiments conducted, it has found that when using two lines as a feedback,
the response is better in terms of speed, accuracy, stability and damping of the higher values (damping for
the overshoot).
Figure 5. the relation between wind angle of attack and output efficiency for different wind speed
Figure 6. The designed position block diagram
Experiment two : a practical experiment was conducting in the control laboratory in the control
and systems engineering department at the University of Technology/Baghdad. To link the control system to
the angle, as shown in Figure 7. Where the set value of the system was an electrical signal fed to the system by
means of an input potentiometer, which represents the value of the direction of the wind, which comes from
the wind direction sensor. As for the output of this system, it is an electrical signal that rotates the tower until
the error rate becomes zero between the feed signal and the return signal (set value and feedbacks). Then
the system stops rotating, and this represents that the tower has become windward in order to obtain the highest
speed and working efficiency of the turbines. The idea of this system depends on the use of potentiometers,
which is a resistance of a variable, circular shape that has the ability to rotate by 300 degrees.
Among the characteristics of the rotating resistors that had used in this experiment are the angles
gradations on them in degrees, so that any external voltage can read in voltages or degrees as shown in Figure 8.
Table 3 shows the practical results of the aforementioned experiment, where the wind attack angle is represented by
the value of the output from the input variable (input potentiometer), and the angle of rotation of the tower
(yaw angle) is represented by the output voltage (the output angle) of the output variable resistance (output
potentiometer). Figure 9 shows the results mentioned in Table 3, in the form of curves.
Wind angle of attack Vs. Efficiency
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Wind angle of attack (degree)
Efficiency(%)
Wind speed = 4 m/s
Wind speed = 3.3 m/s
Wind speed = 2.6 m/s
5. ISSN: 1693-6930
TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 18, No. 6, December 2020: 3240 - 3246
3244
Figure 7. designed position control system experimental work Figure 8. Rotary potentiometers used
Figure 9. Output results for Table 3
Table 3. Output results for the position control system test
I/P Air Angle of Attack (Degree)
O/P Angle of the Nacelle (Degree)
at Gain=1.7 with 1 Feedback at Gain=1.4 with 1 Feedback at Gain=1 with 2 Feedback
0 0 0 0
10 17 14 10
20 33 26 21
30 50 38 33
40 67 51 44
50 84 64 54
60 101 76 66
70 116 90 75
80 133 103 87
90 150 118 98
From these curves, it is clear that the Output angle follows the Input angle, taking into account the gain
value used (gain). Where I used several values of gain (1, 1.4 and 1.7), where when the input signal is entered a
signal is generated that powers the engine. The motor is connecting to a gearbox that rotates the variable resisting
output, which in turn gives an electrical signal that is proportional to its rotation angle. It is feeding to the
comparator circuit to give an error signal that powers the system until the error signal becomes zero, then the
system stops. This response is one of its disadvantages. It is slow for increasing its speed; we either increase the
gain value or tie a second return line from the engine. The movement of the engine is converted to an electrical
signal by (tacho generator) and fed through the second reflex line to the comparator in order to be compared with
the input signal and stop when the error rate becomes zero (the direction of the fan in the direction of the wind).
There is an error rate in these readings due to the accuracy of the reading (readings). Loss of electrical
appliances (losses) and accuracy of the devices used (accuracy). In the case of using a single position feedback
line, we notice that the response is slow and for increasing the response speed. The second feed line (velocity
feedback) has linked, which increases the speed, but we see the status of the overshoot signal in addition to
the frequency in the output signal (oscillation), which has reduced by the first feed line. In other words, the two
lines of feeding are better to get the better response, even in terms of the error rate in the response, as shown in
the attached Table 4 and the curves in Figure 10.
Wind Angle of Attack Vs. Output Angle of Nacelle
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Wind of Attack (Degree)
O/pAngleofNacelle(Degree)
Gain=1.7
Gain=1.4
Gain=1
6. TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control
Using position control to improve the efficiency of wind turbine (Roshen Tariq Ahmedhamdi)
3245
Table 4. Error signal between I/P and O/P signals
I/P Air Angle of Attack
Error of O/P Angle of the Nacelle according to input
at G=1.7 with 1 F.B at G=1.4 with 1 F.B at Gain=1 with 2 F.B
0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0
20 1 2 1
30 1 4 3
40 1 5 4
50 1 6 4
60 1 8 6
70 3 8 5
80 3 9 7
90 3 8 8
Figure 10. Shows the amount of error between the input signal and the exit signal, and according to the gain
values used. Where we note the lowest percentage of errors is at the highest value of the gain and when
linking the two feeding lines
3. CONCLUSION
Many studies try to make the turbine rotation speed within the normal limits necessary for its operation
and at the same time to protect it from collapse when rotating at high speed due to high wind speed. In this
research, a mechanism has been designed to direct the wind energy rotor of the wind turbine to the wind
direction when the wind change its direction to increase the rotational speed in order to increase the efficiency
of generating electric power and certainly within the limits allowed. The results in this work shows that this
mechanism raises the efficiency of wind power generators by 80% when the rotor of the wind turbine directed
towards the wind than if they had fixed direction.
REFERENCES
[1] K. Jihane and M. Cherkaoui, "Improved backtracking search optimization algorithm for PV/Wind/FC
system," TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 456-464, 2020.
[2] Gianto, Rudy, et al., "Two-port network model of fixed-speed wind turbine generator for distribution system load flow
analysis," TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1569-1575, 2019.
[3] Lidula N. W. A., et al. "ASEAN towards clean and sustainable energy: Potentials, utilization and
barriers," Renewable Energy, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1441-1452, 2007.
[4] Shneen, Salam Waley, "Advanced optimal for power-electronic systems for the grid integration of energy
sources," Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 543-555, 2016.
[5] Wartana I., Ni Putu Agustini, and Jai Govind Singh, "Optimal Integration of the Renewable Energy to the Grid by
Considering Small Signal Stability Constraint," International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 2329-2337, 2017.
[6] S. S. Waley, C. Mao, and D. Wang, "Advanced optimal PSO, Fuzzy and PI controller with PMSM and WTGS at
5Hz side of generation and 50Hz Side of Grid," International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems,
vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 173-192, 2016.
[7] Sakeen, Bashar, Nasseer K. Bachache, and Shaorong Wang, "Frequency Control of PV-Diesel Hybrid Power System
Using Optimal Fuzzy Logic Controller," 2013 IEEE 11th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and
Secure Computing, IEEE, 2013.
[8] Rogers, Jennifer C., et al., "Public perceptions of opportunities for community-based renewable energy
projects," Energy policy, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 4217-4226, 2008.
[9] S. S. Waley, "Advanced Optimal for Three Phase Rectifier in Power-Electronic Systems," Indonesian Journal of
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 821-830, 2018.
Error signal between I/P and O/P
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Input signal (Degree)
Errorsignalwithoutput
1 FB and G=1.7
1 FB and G=1.4
2 FB and G=1
7. ISSN: 1693-6930
TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 18, No. 6, December 2020: 3240 - 3246
3246
[10] Liang, Tsorng-Juu, et al., "Ultra-large gain step-up switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with coupled inductor for alternative
sources of energy," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 864-874, 2012.
[11] Vengadakrishnan, Krishnakumar, et al., "Torque ripple minimization of PMBLDC motor using simple boost
inverter," International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1714-1723, 2019.
[12] S. S. Waley, et al., " Application of LFAC {16 2/3Hz} for electrical power transmission system: a comparative simulation
study," TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 1055-1064, 2019.
[13] Manwell, James F., Jon G. McGowan, and Anthony L. Rogers, “Wind energy explained: theory, design and
application,” John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
[14] Owusu, P. Asantewaa, and S. A. Sarkodie, "A review of renewable energy sources, sustainability issues and climate
change mitigation," Cogent Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2016.
[15] S. S. Waley, "Advanced Optimal for PV system coupled with PMSM," Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 556-565, 2016.
[16] A. A. Kadum "Loss minimization DTC electric motor drive system based on adaptive ANN strategy," Elektronika ir
Elektrotechnika, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 618-624, 2020.
[17] Pillai, Branesh M., and J. Suthakorn, "Motion control applications: observer based DC motor parameters estimation
for novices," International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 195-201, 2019.
[18] Aderibigbe, I. Adekitan, et al., "Determining the operational status of a Three Phase Induction Motor using a predictive data
mining model," International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 93-103, 2019.
[19] J. A. Kadhum, et al., "Utilization of DC motor-AC generator system to convert the solar direct current into 220v
alternating current," International Journal of Computation and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 391-396, 2018.
[20] Minka, Issam, et al., "Primary frequency control applied to the wind turbine based on the DFIG controlled by
the ADRC," International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1049-1058, 2019.
[21] Mensou, Sara, et al., "Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: Real time simulation using DS1104
controller board," International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1003-1013, 2019.
[22] Hichem, Hamiani, et al., "A wind turbine sensorless automatic control systems, analysis, modelling and development
of IDA-PBC method," Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 45-55, 2020.
[23] El K. Imane, M. Maaroufi, and B. Bossoufi. "Robust power control methods for wind turbines using
DFIG-generator," International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 2101-17, 2019.
[24] S. Yunus, M. Saini, and A. Abu-Siada, "Dynamic performance comparison of DFIG and FCWECS during grid
faults," TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 1040-46, 2019.
[25] M. A. Abdul-hussain, R. T. Ahmed, "Connect the Wind Farms to the Electrical Grid and Indicate Their Effect on
Improving the Characteristics of the Network," International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and
Science, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 45-48, 2018.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Roshen Tariq Ahmedhamdi is currently lecturer in the Energy and Renewable Energies
Technology Center, University of Technology, Iraq. I received my BSc. degree from University
of Technology, Baghdad, IRAQ (1984) from Control and Systems Engineering Department,
followed by MSc. (2003) in Control Eng. from University of Technology, Baghdad, IRAQ.
His fields of interest are control engineering, Matlab software and Simulink and renewable
energies, E-mail: 11019@uotechnology.edu.iq
Salam Waley Shneen received his BSc. degree in electrical engineering and education from
University of Technology Technical Education Department, Iraq-Baghdad, in 1998. He
received his Msc. degree in electrical engineering and education from University of Technology
Technical Education Department, Iraq-Baghdad, in 2005. Presently, he received his Ph.D in
Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Huazhong University of Science and Technology
(HUST) in 2016. He joined a Lecturer of Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center,
University of Technology/Baghdad, Iraq. His fields of interest are power electronic, electronic,
control, electric machine and Renewable Energy. E-mail:salam_waley73@yahoo.com.