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A block-based RDWT-SVD image watermarking method using human visual system characteristics
The Visual Computer ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s00371-018-1567-x
Ferda Ernawan , Muhammad Nomani Kabir

With the rapid growth of internet technology, image watermarking method has become a popular copyright protection method for digital images. In this paper, we propose a watermarking method based on $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 image blocks using redundant wavelet transform with singular value decomposition considering human visual system (HVS) characteristics expressed by entropy values. The blocks which have the lower HVS entropies are selected for embedding the watermark. The watermark is embedded by examining $$U_{2,1}$$ U 2 , 1 and $$U_{3,1}$$ U 3 , 1 components of the orthogonal matrix obtained from singular value decomposition of the redundant wavelet transformed image block where an optimal threshold value based on the trade-off between robustness and imperceptibility is used. In order to provide additional security, a binary watermark is scrambled by Arnold transform before the watermark is embedded into the host image. The proposed scheme is tested under various image processing, compression and geometrical attacks. The test results are compared to other watermarking schemes that use SVD techniques. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve higher imperceptibility and robustness under different types of attacks compared to existing schemes. Our method provides high robustness especially under image processing attacks, JPEG2000 and JPEG XR attacks. It has been observed that the proposed method achieves better performance over the recent existing watermarking schemes.

中文翻译:

一种利用人类视觉系统特征的基于块的RDWT-SVD图像水印方法

随着互联网技术的飞速发展,图像水印方法已成为一种流行的数字图像版权保护方法。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于$$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 图像块的水印方法,该方法使用冗余小波变换和奇异值分解,考虑到由熵值表示的人类视觉系统(HVS)特征。选择具有较低 HVS 熵的块来嵌入水印。通过检查从冗余小波变换的奇异值分解获得的正交矩阵的 $$U_{2,1}$$ U 2 , 1 和 $$U_{3,1}$$ U 3 , 1 分量来嵌入水印使用基于鲁棒性和不可察觉性之间权衡的最佳阈值的图像块。为了提供额外的安全性,在将水印嵌入宿主图像之前,通过 Arnold 变换对二进制水印进行加扰。所提出的方案在各种图像处理、压缩和几何攻击下进行了测试。将测试结果与使用 SVD 技术的其他水印方案进行比较。实验结果表明,与现有方案相比,我们的方法可以在不同类型的攻击下实现更高的不可感知性和鲁棒性。我们的方法提供了高鲁棒性,尤其是在图像处理攻击、JPEG2000 和 JPEG XR 攻击下。已经观察到,所提出的方法比最近现有的水印方案实现了更好的性能。将测试结果与使用 SVD 技术的其他水印方案进行比较。实验结果表明,与现有方案相比,我们的方法可以在不同类型的攻击下实现更高的不可感知性和鲁棒性。我们的方法提供了高鲁棒性,尤其是在图像处理攻击、JPEG2000 和 JPEG XR 攻击下。已经观察到,所提出的方法比最近现有的水印方案实现了更好的性能。将测试结果与使用 SVD 技术的其他水印方案进行比较。实验结果表明,与现有方案相比,我们的方法可以在不同类型的攻击下实现更高的不可感知性和鲁棒性。我们的方法提供了高鲁棒性,尤其是在图像处理攻击、JPEG2000 和 JPEG XR 攻击下。已经观察到,所提出的方法比最近现有的水印方案实现了更好的性能。
更新日期:2018-06-14
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