ãã¼ã¸ã®å é ã§ã
ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³æè¡ããã¼ã¹ã«ããæ§ã ãªãµã¼ãã¹ãæ¯æ¥ã®ããã«å ±éããã¦ãã¾ãããã®ä¸ã«ã¯åãªãåæ£ãã¼ã¿ãã¼ã¹ã¨ãã¦ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ãç¨ããæ®å¿µãªææ¡ãå¤ããæ¬å½ã«ããã«ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã¯å¿ è¦ãªã®ããèªå·±ç¢ºèªã§ããããã¼ãã£ã¼ããè¤æ°çºè¡¨ãããã»ã©ã§ãï¼â»1ï¼ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«ã¯ããã¤ãã®åé¡æ¹æ³ãããã大ããåãã¦ãã©ã¤ãã¼ãã§ç¨ãããããã®ã¨ãããããæå·è³ç£ã®å®å ¨æ§ã®è£ä»ãã¨ãªããããªãã¯ãªãã®ãããã¾ããå¾è ã®ãããªãã¯ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã§ã¯ãã¤ãã³ã°ãã¦ãã§ã¼ã³ãç¹ãç¶ãããã¨ã«ã¤ã³ã»ã³ãã£ããæãããå¿ è¦ããããBitcoinãªã©ã®æå·è³ç£ã§ã¯ãå®ããããã«ã¼ã«ã«åºã¥ããã§ã¼ã³ã伸ã°ãã¦ããå¿ è¦ãããã¾ããæå·è³ç£ã§ç¨ãããããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã¯ããã¢ãã¬ã¹ããããã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¸ã®è³ç£ã®ç§»åã«ç¨ãããããã¨ã大ããªç®çã§ããããã®ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«ããã価å¤ç§»åã®åºç¤ãç¨ãã¦ãã®ç¨é以å¤ã«ä½¿ããã¨ããåããè¦ãããã»ã«ã³ãã¬ã¤ã¤ã¼ã¾ãã¯ã¬ã¤ã¤ã¼ï¼ã¨ãã£ãç¨èªã§å¼ã°ãã¦ãã¾ãã
æ¬ç¨¿ã¯ãEthereumãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ï¼â»2ï¼ã«ãããã»ã«ã³ãã¬ã¤ã¤ã¼ã«ããããµã¼ãã¹ã®ãã¡ã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ï¼ã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£æ å ±ï¼ã«ç¨ããããERCï¼Ethereum Improvement Proposalsï¼ï¼â»3ï¼ææ¡ã®åããåãä¸ãã¾ããæ´ã«ããããã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«æ ¼ç´ãããå¨ç±è¨¼æãªã©ã®å ¬çãªè¨¼ææ¸ããã¸ã¿ã«ç©ºéã§ç¢ºèªã§ããã¦ã¼ã¹ã±ã¼ã¹ã«ã¤ãã¦è§¦ãã¾ããæå¾ã«ãããæ°ãµæã§è¤æ°ã®ãã³ãã¼ãã³ã³ã½ã¼ã·ã¢ã ãéä¸å¤®é権åã®èå¥åã§ããDIDsï¼Decentralized Identifiersï¼ãã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£ç®¡çãã¦ã¼ã¶èªããã³ã³ããã¼ã«ããSSIï¼ Self Sovereign Identityï¼ãªã©ã®æ¦å¿µãæ示ãã¦ããèæ¯ã¨ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ããã¼ã¹ã¨ããã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ç®¡çæè¡ã注ç®ããã¦ãããã¨ã示ãã¾ãã
2015å¹´çºè¡ã®ãã©ã¼ã«ã¹ãªãµã¼ãã«ããã¦ãå½æã®ID管çæè¡ã®ååã«ã¤ãã¦å ±åãã¦ãã¾ãï¼â»4ï¼ï¼â»5ï¼ï¼â»6ï¼ãæ¬ç¨¿ã§ã¯IDãèå¥åï¼Identifierï¼ã¨ããç義ã®æå³ã¨æãã¦èª¬æãè¡ãã¾ãã
ç¾å®ä¸çã®å®ä½ã¯ãã¸ã¿ã«ä¸çã®ã¨ã³ãã£ãã£ã¨çµã³ä»ãããããã¸ã¿ã«ä¸çã®ã¨ã³ãã£ãã£ãèå¥ï¼identifyï¼ããããã«ãã¦ãã¼ã¯ãªèå¥åï¼Identifierï¼IDï¼ãå²ãå½ã¦ããã¾ããèå¥åã¨ãã¦ã®IDã¨ããã®IDã«ç´ä»ããããããããã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£æ å ±ã¯å¥ã«èããå¿ è¦ãããã¾ããæ´ã«ID空éã¯ããããã®ã¬ã«ã ï¼IDãæå¹ã§èå¥å¯è½ãªç¯å²ï¼ãå¥éå®ãããã¦ãããã¨ããããªã¢ã«ã¯ã¼ã«ãã«å¯ä¸åå¨ããã¨ã³ãã£ãã£ã«å¯¾ãã¦åãã¬ã«ã ã§ãè¤æ°ã®IDãæã¤ãã¨ãããã¾ãã
次ã«ãã¸ã¿ã«ç©ºéã«ããã¦ãªãIDãä»ä¸ãããã®ããèããã¨ããã®ã¨ã³ãã£ãã£ã§ãããã¨ããããã¯ã¼ã¯ä¸ã®ç¬¬ä¸è ã«èªèãã¦ãããå¿ è¦ãããããã§ãããã¸ã¿ã«ä¸çã«ãããããããã¢ã¯ãã£ããã£ã«ã¯èªè¨¼ã¨ããè¡çºãä¼´ãã¾ããèªè¨¼è¡çºã«ãããªã½ã¼ã¹ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããããã«ãªã£ãããå種ãµã¼ãã¹ãåãããããããããã«ãªãã¾ãã
ãã®èªè¨¼è¡çºã§ã¯ãç§å¯æ å ±ã§ãããã¼ã¯ã³ã¨å ¬éæ å ±ã§ããã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã®çµãç¨ãããã¨ããæ´çãè¡ããã¨ãã§ãã¾ããNIST SP800-63ã®å®ç¾©ã«å¾ãã¨ããã¼ã¯ã³ã¯å½è©²IDãå²ãå½ã¦ãããã¦ã¼ã¶ãæã¤ç§å¯ã«ãã¹ãæ å ±ãæããã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã¯IDã¨ç´ä»ãããããããã種é¡ã®å±æ§æ å ±ãæå³ãã¾ããã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã¯æå·æè¡ãç¨ãã¦å 容ã®å®å ¨æ§ãä¿è¨¼ããã¾ããå½è©²IDãæã¤ã¨ã³ãã£ãã£ããã¸ã¿ã«ä¸çã§èªåã®å±æ§æ å ±ã第ä¸è ã«ç¢ºèªãã¦ãããéã«ãç§å¯æ å ±ã§ãããã¼ã¯ã³ã§å½è©²IDãæã¤ã¨ã³ãã£ãã£ãå²ãå½ã¦ãããã¨ã³ãã£ãã£ã§ãããã¨ã確èªãã¦ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã
èªè¨¼è¡çºã¨å ±ã«ã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ãæ示ãããã¨ãã«ããããåãåã£ã第ä¸è ã¯ãå½è©²IDãã©ã®ãããªã¨ã³ãã£ãã£ã§ããã®ããã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã«æ¸ããã¦ããå±æ§æ å ±ã§ç¢ºèªãããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãããã®ããã«ãã¦èªè¨¼ã«å ãã¦èªå¯ï¼Authorizationï¼ã®ããã«ã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ãå©ç¨ãããã±ã¼ã¹ãããã¾ããX.509証ææ¸ã¯åä¸ãããã¯è¤æ°ã®IDã«å ¬ééµãç´ä»ãããã¨ããã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã®1ä¾ã§ããå®éã«SSL/TLSã¯ã©ã¤ã¢ã³ãèªè¨¼ãããã«ãããã¾ãããã©ã¦ã¶å´ã«å人ã®X.509証ææ¸ãé åããä¸ã§ãµã¼ãã«ãã°ã¤ã³ãããã¨ãã§ããæ³äººåãã®ãªã³ã©ã¤ã³ãã³ãã³ã°ãªã©ã§å©ç¨ããã¦ãã¾ããããã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã¨ãã¦ã®å©ç¨å½¢æ ã«è¿ãæ¹æ³ã¨ãã¦ãX.509å±æ§è¨¼ææ¸ï¼Attribute certificateï¼ï¼â»7ï¼ã¨å¼ã°ããä»æ§ãåå¨ãã¦ãã¾ããå±æ§è¨¼ææ¸ã¯é常ã®X.509証ææ¸ã¨ç°ãªãå ¬ééµãå å ãã¦ãã¾ãããholder ã¨å¼ã°ããèå¥åãæ ¼ç´ããã¨ãªã¢ã«è¨¼ææ¸ãåå®ããããã®ã·ãªã¢ã«çªå·ãå ¥ããå½è©²X.509証ææ¸ãæå®ããä¸ã§è¨¼ææ¸ã®ãã«ãã¼ï¼subjectï¼ã¨ç´ä»ããå±æ§æ å ±ãæ ¼ç´ããã¨ããå½¢å¼ãæã£ã¦ãã¾ããããã¯ãã¬ã«ã ãCAã®çºè¡ãã証ææ¸ç¾¤ãIDã¯ã·ãªã¢ã«çªå·ãã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ãå±æ§è¨¼ææ¸ãã¨ããé¢ä¿ãæã£ã¦ããã¨ç解ã§ãã¾ããX.509å±æ§è¨¼ææ¸ã¯ã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ãæ¸ããã¨ãã§ããä¸æ¹ã§ãå®éã«ãã©ã¦ã¶ãªã©ã®ä¸è¬ã¦ã¼ã¶ã触ããã¢ããªã±ã¼ã·ã§ã³ã«ããã¦å®è£ ããããã¨ã¯ãªããç¾å¨å©ç¨ããã¦ããäºä¾ã¯ã»ã¨ãã©è¦ããã¾ããã
ERC-725ï¼â»8ï¼ã¯ERC-20ãã¼ã¯ã³æ¨æºã®çå®ãweb3.jsã®éçºè ã¨ãã¦ç¥ãããã¨ã³ã¸ãã¢ã§ããFabian Vogelstelleræ°ï¼â»9ï¼ ã2017å¹´10æã«ææ¡ãã¾ãããERCï¼Ethereum Improvement Proposalsï¼ã¯IETFã®RFCã®ããã«ã誰ã§ãææ¡ã§ããæ¹ååã®ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã§ERC-1ã«æ¸å¼ãæ¸ãã«ããã£ã¦ã®æéãªã©ãæ²è¼ããã¦ãã¾ãã大ããªç¹å¾´ã¨ãã¦ã¯ãã¨ã«ããã³ã³ãã¯ãã«æ¸ããã¨ãæ±ãããã¦ãããã¨ãæãããã¾ããåæ§ã®ææ¸ç¾¤ã¨ãã¦ã¯Bitcoinã®ã³ãã¥ããã£ã«ããã¦ãBIPï¼Bitcoin Improvement Proposalsï¼ï¼â»10ï¼ã¨ãã¦ç¥ããã¦ããããã¥ã¡ã³ã群ããããä¾ãã°SegWitã¨ãã¦ç¥ããããã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã¼ã¿ã®åæ¸æ¹å¼ã¯BIP-141ã§è¦å®ããã¦ãã¾ãã
é»åå¥ç´ã®ç· çµã¨ãµã¼ãã¹ã®å®è¡ãèªåçã«è¡ãæ¹å¼ã¨ãã¦ç¥ãããã¹ãã¼ãã³ã³ãã©ã¯ãã¯ã1997å¹´ã«Nick Szaboã«ãã£ã¦ææ¡ãããæ°ããæ¦å¿µã§ãããBitcoinãç»å ´ããåããåå¨ãã¦ãã¾ãããã¹ãã¼ãã³ã³ãã©ã¯ãã®ä¾ã¨ãã¦ãèªå販売æ©ã®ä¾ãããåãä¸ãããã¦ãã¾ãããã¦ã¼ã¶ãè³¼å ¥ãããã¸ã¥ã¼ã¹ã®ä»£éãèªè²©æ©ã«æå ¥ãããã¨ããã®å¾è³¼å ¥ãããã¸ã¥ã¼ã¹ã®ãã¿ã³ãæ¼ããã¨ãã2ã¤ã®ããã»ã¹ãã両è ã¨ãããä¸å®ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºããã¨èªåçã«è²©å£²ãéå§ãããã¨ããä¾ã§ããEthereumã¯æå·è³ç£ã¨ãã¦ã®å´é¢ã ãã§ãªããã¹ãã¼ãã³ã³ãã©ã¯ããä½æãå®è¡ãããã¨ãã§ããããåæ£ã¢ããªã±ã¼ã·ã§ã³ã®ãã©ãããã©ã¼ã ã§ããã¨ããã¦ãã¾ãï¼â»11ï¼ãERC-725ã¯ãããã·ã¢ã«ã¦ã³ãã®ãµãã¾ãã«é¢ãã¦åæ£ã¢ããªã±ã¼ã·ã§ã³ãè¨è¿°ããè¨èªã®1ã¤ã§ããSolidityã®ã¤ã³ã¿ã¼ãã§ã¼ã¹ãå®ç¾©ãã¦ãã¾ããERC-725ããã¯ERC-735ï¼â»12ï¼ã¨ERC-780ï¼â»13ï¼ãåç §ããã¦ããããããã®ä»æ§ã«åºã¥ãEthereumãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ä¸ã§ã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ãæµéãããä»çµã¿ãæä¾ãã¾ããERC-725ã®æèã«ããã¦ã¯ãã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã¯Claimã¨å¼ã°ãã¾ããERC-735ã¯Claimã®ãã©ã¼ãããããERC-780ã¯Cliamã®ã¬ã¸ã¹ããªã§ããEthereum Claims Registryï¼ECRï¼ã«é¢ããä»æ§ãè¨è¼ããã¦ãã¾ããEthereumãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã¨ããã¬ã«ã ã«ããã¦IDï¼èå¥åï¼ã¯Ethereumã¢ãã¬ã¹ï¼ã³ã³ãã©ã¯ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ã§ã¯ãªãç¹ã«æ³¨æï¼ã§ããClaimã¨å¼ã°ããã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã«ãã£ã¦ãããã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«ç´ä»ããããIdentity Holderï¼ãã«ãã¼ï¼ã®ã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£æ å ±ãä¿è¨¼ãããã¨ããä»çµã¿ãè¦å®ããã¦ãã¾ããClaimãçºè¡ããClaim Issuerï¼èªå®è ï¼ã¯èªèº«ã®æã¤ç§å¯éµãç¨ãã¦ä»»æã®Ethereumãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ä¸ã®ã¨ã³ãã£ãã£ã«å¯¾ãã¦Claimãçºè¡ãããã¨ãã§ãã¾ããIdentity Holderã¯æ¤è¨¼å¯¾è±¡ã¨ãªãClaimãä½ããã®æ¹æ³ã§Claim Checkerï¼ä¾¡å¤å¤æè ï¼ã«åã渡ãã価å¤å¤æè ã¯ãã¸ã¿ã«ç½²åã確èªãããã¨ã§Claimã®ç¢ºããããã確èªãããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãããããã®ä¸é£ã®æ¤è¨¼ä½æ¥ã¯ãªã³ã©ã¤ã³ã»ãªãã©ã¤ã³ã®ä¸¡æ¹ã§å®è¡ã§ãããã¨ãæ³å®ããã¦ãã¾ãï¼â»14ï¼ã
ERC-735ã§è¦å®ãããClaimã®å½¢å¼ã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®ããã«ã·ã³ãã«ãªãã¼ã¿æ§é ããã¦ãã¾ãã
struct Claim {
ãuint256 topic;
ãuint256 scheme;
ãaddress issuer;
ãbytes signature;
ãbytes data;
ãstring uri;
}
ERC-735 Claimã¯Identity Holderèªèº«ã§ä¾¡å¤å¤æè ã«æ示ãããã¨ãã§ããããã«å®è£ ãããã¹ãã§ããããã¼ã¿ã¨ãã¦å¯æ¬æ§ãæã¤ç¹ã大ããªç¹å¾´ã¨ãªãã¾ããERC-735ã§ã¯ToBeSignedï¼æ¹ããé²æ¢å¯¾è±¡ï¼ã§ã¯ãªãã¨ãªã¢ã«URIãè¨è¼ããã¾ã¼ã³ãè¨ãããã¦ãããããã«ã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£æ å ±ãæã示ããã¼ã¿ãåæ£ãã¡ã¤ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã§ããIPFSï¼â»15ï¼ãªã©ã§å ±æãã¾ããERC725 Allianceï¼â»16ï¼ã§ã¯ERC-725ã«é¢é£ãããªã¼ãã³ã½ã¼ã¹ããã¸ã§ã¯ããåå¨ãã¦ãã¾ãï¼â»17ï¼ãã¾ãããã®åç §å®è£ ã使ã£ã¦æ§ç¯ããããµã¤ãï¼â»18ï¼ã§ã¯ããã¤ãã®ãµã³ãã«ãåç §ã§ãããã©ã¦ã¶ä¸ã§Claimã®ç¢ºãããããæ¤è¨¼ã§ããããã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ããã¾ããèªåã§èªåã®ã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£æ å ±ã«ç½²åãã¦ãªã¬ãªã¬Claimãçºè¡å¯è½ãªä»æ§ã¯ç¹çãã¹ãç¹ã§ãã
ãã®ããã«ERC-725ãã¬ã¼ã ã¯ã¼ã¯ã§ã¯Claimã誰ã§ãçºè¡ã§ãããã¤ã¾ãClaim Issuerã¯èª°ã§ããªããããEthereumã¢ãã¬ã¹ããåããã°èª°ã«ã§ãClaimãçºè¡ãããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãããã®ããClaim Issuerãã©ã®ããã«ä¿¡é ¼ãã¦ããã®Issuerããçºè¡ãããClaimã価å¤å¤æãããã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯å¤§ããªèª²é¡ã§ããã¾ãCliamã®å¤±å¹ãEthereumã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ä»ãæ¿ããªã©ã®æ©è½ãããã¨ããã¦ãã¾ãããã¾ã ä»æ§ã¨ãã¦ã¯ä¸å®å ¨ãªç¶æ³ã§ããIssuerã®è©ä¾¡ï¼ã¬ãã¥ãã¼ã·ã§ã³ï¼ã®ä»çµã¿ã«ã¤ãã¦ãè°è«ãå§ã¾ã£ãã°ããã¨ããç¶æ³ã®ããã«è¦åãããã¾ãã
ãã®ããã«ç¾å¨ã¯ã¬ãã¥ãã¼ã·ã§ã³ã®åé¡ãã¯ããã§ãããæçµçã«ãã¾ãClaimãæµéããã¦ããããã«ã¯ããã¤ãã®æ®µéãè¸ããã¨ã«ãªãã§ããããçè ã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®3ã¹ãããã§å¾ã ã«ãClaimã®èãæ¹ãã浸éãã¦ããã¨äºæ³ãã¦ãã¾ãã第1段éã¯SNSãªã©ã®éãããããã¯ã¼ã¯ã§ç¥ãåãå士ã§æãéã¨ãã¦æ°è»½ã«Claimãçºè¡ããã¹ã±ã¼ã©ããªãã£ã確èªãããã§ã¼ãºã§ãã次ã®æ®µéã§ã¯æ¢åã®ã¦ã¼ã¶è©ä¾¡ã»éå ±ã·ã¹ãã ãæ´»ç¨ãã¦èª¤ã£ãClaimãçºè¡ããIssuerãã©ãããã©ã³ã¯ä»ãããä»çµã¿ãæ´ããæçµçã«ã¯å®å ¨ã«åæ£ã»èªååãããã¬ãã¥ãã¼ã·ã§ã³ã·ã¹ãã ã¸ã¨æè¯ãã¦ããã¨èãããã¾ãï¼å³-1ï¼ã
ERC-725 ã¨åæ§ã«å¯æ¬æ§ãæã¤C l a i m ã®ä¾ã¨ãã¦ã¯Blockcertsï¼â»19ï¼ã«ããããã¸ã§ã¯ããããããªã¼ãã³ã½ã¼ã¹ï¼â»20ï¼ãæ¤è¨¼ãã¢ï¼â»21ï¼ãåç §ãããã¨ãã§ãã¾ããBlockcertsã¯MIT Media Labã¨Learning Machine社ã§ä½è£½ããããããã¿ã¤ãããã¼ã¹ã¨ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ããBlockcertsã§ã¯BitcoinãEthereumãå«ãè¤æ°ã®ç¨®é¡ã®ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã§ãå®è£ å¯è½ãªããã«æ¡å¼µãç¶ãããã¦ãã¾ããã¹ãã¼ããã©ã³ã¢ããªã§ããBlockcerts Walletãå®è£ ã»å ¬éããã¦ãããMITã§ã¯å¦ä½è¨¼ææ¸ãBlockcertsã®ä»çµã¿ãå©ç¨ãã¦ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã«æ¸ãè¾¼ã¾ãã¦ãã¾ãï¼â»22ï¼ããã®ä»ã«ãã¹ãã¤ã³ã®å¤§å¦ã«ããã¦ã¯å¦ä½è¨¼ææ¸ãçºè¡ããéã«SmartDegreesãã©ãããã©ã¼ã ãå©ç¨ãã¦Ethereumãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ä¸ã§ç®¡çãããã¨ãçºè¡¨ããã¦ãã¾ãï¼â»23ï¼ããã®ããã«ã»ã«ã³ãã¬ã¤ã¤ã¼ã®ãã©ãããã©ã¼ã ã¯è¤æ°åå¨ãããªã©ç¾å¨ã¯ã¾ã æ··æ²ã¨ããç¶æ³ã®ããããã©ãããã©ã¼ã ã®é¸æã«ããã¦ã¯äºæ¥ç¶ç¶æ§ãéã¿ã¦é¸æããå¿ è¦ãããã§ãããã
ããã¾ã§èª¬æããããã«ãClaimã¯åç´ãªä»çµã¿ãªãããIssuerãä¿¡é ¼ã§ãããã¤ã»ã«ã³ãã¬ã¤ã¤ã¼ã®ä»æ§ãæ£ããéå¶ããã¦ããã°ãEthereumãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®ä¿¡é ¼æ§ãå´©ããªãéãã¯åæ°¸ä¹ çã«å©ç¨ãããã¨ãã§ããã¨èªèããã¦ãã¾ãããã®ãããããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³æè¡ããã¾ãæ´»ç¨ããäºä¾ã¨ãã¦å¦ä½è¨¼ææ¸ã®ãã¸ã¿ã«çºè¡ã¯é©ãã¦ããã¢ããªã±ã¼ã·ã§ã³ã®1ã¤ã§ããã¨èããããå®éã«å½å ã§ãµã¼ãã¹ã¤ã³ããäºä¾ãããã¾ããæ¨ä»ã®å°æ¹ç§å¤§ã®éæ ¡ãå°æ¹èªæ²»ä½ã«ããæ¤å®è©¦é¨ã®çµäºãªã©ããã¤ã¦ä¿¡é ¼ã§ããçµç¹ã§ãã£ã¦ãæªæ¥æ°¸å«éå¶ããã¦ããã¨ã¯éãã¾ãããããã¦ããããçºè¡ãããç©ççãªè¨¼æ¸ãä¿è¨¼ã§ããªããªã£ã¦ãã¾ã£ãäºä¾ãããã¾ããç¾ç©ã®è¨¼æ¸ã代æ¿ããæ段ã¨ãã¦ä»åç´¹ä»ãããªã¼ãã³ãªä»çµã¿ã§Claimãæµéããæ代ãæ¥ããã¨ãæã¾ãã¾ãã
èå¥åã¨ãã¦ã®IDã¯ããç¹å®ã®ã¬ã«ã ã®ä¸ã§ã¢ãµã¤ã³ããã¾ããã¬ã«ã ãè¶ ãã¦èªè¨¼ããéã«ã¯ID Federationï¼IDé£æºï¼ã¨ããæ¦å¿µããããã·ã³ã°ã«ãµã¤ã³ãªã³ã®æèã§ãã°ãã°ç»å ´ãã¾ããå ã«æããX.509å±æ§è¨¼ææ¸ãERC-735 Claimã®ãããªã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã¯ãçºè¡ãããç¹å®ã®ã¬ã«ã ã§ããæµéããã¾ãããIDãæ¯ãåºãå½¹ç®ã§ãããã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£ãããã¤ãã¯ç¾å®çã«ã¯åç¬ã§åå¨ãããSNSãªã©ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãããã¤ãã®ãã°ã¤ã³æ©è½ãå¤é¨ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨é£æºã§ããããã«ããããã«æ©è½åé¢ãã¦ã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£ãããã¤ãã¨ãã¦ã®å½¹å²ãæ ã£ã¦ããã®ãç¾ç¶ã§ãããã®ã¨ããIDé£æºæ©è½ãç¨ãã¦å¥ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ã«ãã°ã¤ã³ãããããªã±ã¼ã¹ã«ããã¦ãç¹å®ã®ä¼æ¥ãçµç¹ã«ããéå¶ããã¦ãããããã«å½è©²IDãæ¥é½ä½¿ããªããªããªã¹ã¯ãåå¨ãã¾ããããã¯1ã¤ã®IDãå©ç¨åæ¢ããããã¨ã«ãããä»ã®è¤æ°ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãå©ç¨ã§ããªããã¨ã«ãªãããã¾ãããå®éãããSNSã«ããã¦éå¶å´ãä¸é©å½ãªæ¸ãè¾¼ã¿ã¨å¤æãããã±ã¼ã¹ã§å½è©²IDãå©ç¨åæ¢ãææªã®ã±ã¼ã¹ã§ã¯åé¤ããããã¨ã«ããèµ·ããå¼å®³ãæ£è¦ããã¾ãã
ãã®ãããªèæ¯ãããéä¸å¤®é権åèå¥åDecentralized Identifiersï¼DIDsï¼ã¨ããæ¦å¿µãç»å ´ãã¦ãã¾ããããç¹å®ã®ã¬ã«ã ã ãã§æå¹ãªIDã§ã¯ãªãç¹ãããã¦IDãä¸æ¬ç®¡çããä¸å¤®é権çãªåå¨ãæããªãã¨ããç¹å¾´ãæã¡ã¾ããããã¯éå¶å©å£ä½ã§ããSovrin Foundationï¼â»24ï¼ã§æå±ãããèªå·±ä¸»æ¨©åã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£SSI ï¼Self Sovereign Identityï¼ï¼â»25ï¼ã¨ã®è¦ªåæ§ãé«ãã¨èªèããã¦ãã¾ããSSIã¯èªå·±æ å ±ã³ã³ããã¼ã«æ¨©ã®èãã¨ããä¼¼ã¦ãã¦ã管çå½å±ãä»ããã«èªåèªèº«ã§ã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£æ å ±ã®ææã¨ç®¡çãè¡ãå¿ è¦ããããã¨ãèªèããããã«ä½¿ç¨ãããç¨èªã§ããå ã«æããERC-735 Claimãªã©ã®ã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã¯æå³ããã²ã¨ãã§ã«æµéãã¦ãã¾ãå¯è½æ§ãããã¾ããããã§ã¯ãªãèªèº«ã®ã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã®æµéã®ä¸»æ¨©ãIdentity Holderãæã¨ãã¨ããèãæ¹ã§ãã
ãã©ã¤ãã·ã¼ãä¿è·ããã¼ã¿ãã«ã§ã¦ã¼ã¶ä¸å¿ã®ã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£ç®¡çãå®ç¾ãããã¨ãã¦ããçµç¹ã«éå¶å©å£ä½ã§ããID2020 Allianceï¼â»26ï¼ãããã¾ããã¾ããå½ã®çºè¡ããé貨ã®ä¿¡é ¼ãè½ã¡ã¦ãããããªã±ã¼ã¹ã«ããã¦æ³å®é貨ã§ã¯ãªãæå·è³ç£ãå©ç¨ããããã¨ããã®ã¨åããããã¹ãã¼ãã®ä»£æ¿æè¡ã¨ãã¦ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ä¸ã®Claimãæ´»ç¨ã§ããªããã¨ããããã¸ã§ã¯ããåå¨ãã¾ãï¼â»27ï¼ããã®èãæ¹ã¯çãèªããããã¦ä¿¡é ¼ã§ããæ©é¢ã«ãã£ã¦çºè¡ãããClaimã«ç¸å½ãããã¼ã¿ããã¹ãã¼ãã©ã¤ã¯ãªæ¬äººç¢ºèªæ段ãæä¾ãããã¨ã¨è§£éã§ãã¾ãã2015å¹´ã«å½é£ã§ã¾ã¨ããããæç¶å¯è½ãªéçºç®æ¨ï¼SDGsï¼ï¼â»28ï¼ã®16.9ç¯ã«è¨è¼ã®ã´ã¼ã«ç®æ¨ã«ã¯ã2030å¹´ã¾ã§ã«åºçç»é²æ å ±ãå«ããã¹ã¦ã®äººã«åæ³çãªã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£ãæä¾ãããã¨è¨è¼ããã¦ãã¾ãã10åãè¶ ããã¨ãè¨ãããIDé£æ°ãæãã¹ãID2020æè¡çãªæ©è½è¦ä»¶ï¼â»29ï¼ãã¾ã¨ãããã¦ãã¾ãããã®è¦ä»¶æ¸ã§ã¯ã社ä¼é©ç¨æ§ãå人èå¥ãèªè¨¼ããã©ã¤ãã·ç®¡çãä¿¡é ¼æ§ãç¸äºéç¨æ§ããªã«ããªã®7ã«ãã´ãªã§ã¾ã¨ãããã¦ããããã®é¡ãã®è¨è¨æéã¨ãã¦ã¯é常ã«æç¨ãªããã¥ã¡ã³ãã¨ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã
ä¸æ¹DIDã¯W3Cï¼â»30ï¼ï¼â»31ï¼ã§çå®ãããææ¸ç¾¤ãããã®æå³ãèªã¿åããã¨ãã§ãã¾ããW3Cã§ã¯DIDãåæ£å 帳æè¡ï¼DLTï¼Distributed Ledger Technologyï¼ããã®ä»ã®åæ£ãããã¯ã¼ã¯ã«ç»é²ããã¦ãããä¸å¤®é権çãªãªã¼ã½ãªãã£ãå¿ è¦ã¨ããªãã°ãã¼ãã«ã«ä¸æãªèå¥åï¼â»32ï¼ã¨å®ç¾©ãã¦ãã¾ããERC-735 Claimã¯Ethereumã¢ãã¬ã¹ãID空éã¨ãã¦å©ç¨ãã¦ãã¾ãããããã®ã¾ã¾DIDã¨ãã¦å©ç¨ããã«W3C DIDå½¢å¼ã§Ethereumã¢ãã¬ã¹ãWrapãã¦è¨è¼ããæ¹æ³ãææ¡ããã¦ãã¾ãï¼â»33ï¼ããã®ããã«W3C DIDã¯æ§ã ãªIDã表è¨å¯è½ãªã°ãã¼ãã«IDã¨ãã¦ã®å©ç¨ãæ¨é²ãã¦ãããã¨ãåããã¾ããDIDã®åå¨ã ãã§ã¯éè¤ããªããã³ããªã³ã°ãã解決ãã¾ããããClaimã®ã¦ã¼ã¹ã±ã¼ã¹ï¼â»34ï¼ãVerifiable Credentialsï¼å½åClaimã¨è¡¨ç¾ããã¦ãã¾ãããã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ã¨ããç¨èªã«å¤æ´ããã¾ããï¼ã®ãã¼ã¿ãã©ã¼ãããï¼â»35ï¼ã¨é£åãã¦ä¸ã®ä¸ã解決ãã¦ãããã¨ã«ãªãã§ãããã
2019å¹´3æã«éå¬ãããWeb of Trust VIIIï¼ RWOT8ï¼ï¼â»36ï¼ã§ã®ã°ã«ã¼ãã¯ã¼ã¯ãããã¦åå¹´ï¼æã«éå¬ãããthe 28th Internet Identity Workshopï¼â»37ï¼ã§ã¯DIDãSSIã軸ã«ãããããã¯ãå¤ãåãä¸ãããã¦ãã¾ããã¾ãIGFï¼Internet Governance Forumï¼ã§ãä»å¹´ã®Annual Meetingï¼â»38ï¼ã§DIDé¢é£æè¡ãåãä¸ãããã¦ãããã¬ããã³ã¹ã«é¢ãã¦ãè°è«ããã¦ãããã¨ã«ãªãã¾ããä»å¾ãå¤ãã®äººãå·»ãè¾¼ãã§è°è«ãé²ãã§ãããã®ã¨èãããã¾ãã
2019å¹´5æã«ãã¤ã¯ãã½ããã¯Bitcoinãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ãåºç¤ã¨ããDIDãæ±ããã©ãããã©ã¼ã ãçºè¡¨ãã¾ããã5æ15æ¥ã2ã¤ã®ããã°è¨äºã§ä»å¾ã®åãçµã¿ãªã©ã示ããã¦ãã¾ãï¼â»39ï¼ï¼â»40ï¼ãã¾ãDIDã«é¢ãããã¯ã¤ããã¼ãã¼ãå ¬éããã¾ããï¼â»41ï¼ããããã®æ å ±ã«ããã¨ãID空éã¨ãã¦ã¯W3C DIDãå©ç¨ãDecentralized Identity Foundationï¼DIFï¼ï¼â»42ï¼ã§çå®ããã¦ããSidetree protocolãæ¡ç¨ããã¦ãããã¨ã窺ãã¾ãããã®DIDã·ã¹ãã ã¯Bitcoinãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ã®ã»ã«ã³ãã¬ã¤ã¤ã¼ã§ã®å®è£ ã§ãããIONï¼Identity Overlay Networkï¼ï¼â»43ï¼ã¨åä»ãããã¦æ¢ã«ã½ã¼ã¹ã³ã¼ããå ¬éããã¦ãã¾ãã
æå¾ã«ä¿¡ç¨ã¹ã³ã¢ãæ å ±éè¡ã«ã¤ãã¦ã触ãã¦ããã¾ããã¤ã³ã¿ã¼ãããä¸ã§ã®ã¢ã¯ãã£ããã£ããä¿¡ç¨ã¹ã³ã¢ã¨ãã¦ç®åºãããµã¼ãã¹ãå½å ã§ããµã¼ãã¹ã¤ã³ãããã¨ã®å ±éãããã¾ãããGAFAãFAANGãªã©ã®ããã°ãã©ã¶ã¼ã«ããä¸å¤®é権çãªç®¡çä¸ã§ã®è©ä¾¡ã®ã¿ãæ£ããã¨å¤æãããèªãã®ã¹ã³ã¢ãæå³ããä¸ã®ä¸ã«æµéãã¦ãã¾ããã¨ãæ¸å¿µããã¾ããããã«ã¯æ¨ä»é »ç¹ã«è°è«ããã¦ããAIæè¡ãªã©ã¨åæ§ã«ãè©ä¾¡å¶åº¦ã ãã§ãªãè©ä¾¡ã¢ã«ã´ãªãºã ã®éææ§ã確ä¿ããå¿ è¦ãããã¾ããããåãããªããã¸ãã¯ã§ãããç¹å®ã®å°åã«å¨ä½ããæ¹ã ã人種ãå®æãªã©ã«æ ã£ã¦ä¸å½ãªè©ä¾¡ããªããããã¨ãçè«çã«ã¯èµ·ããå¾ã¾ãããã®ããå«ççãªå´é¢ã§ã®é æ ®ãå¿ è¦ã¨ãªãã¾ããããã¯ãERC-735 Claimã§ã®æ¸å¿µç¹ã¨ãã¦è¿°ã¹ãããã«ç¾å®ä¸çã®ã¨ã³ãã£ãã£ãè¡ãã¬ãã¥ãã¼ã·ã§ã³ã®ä»çµã¿ã«ãåããã¨ãè¨ãã¾ãã
ãã®ããã«ç¾å®ä¸çã®ã¨ã³ãã£ãã£ããæ§ã ãªæ段ã§è©ä¾¡ãããæ代ã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã¾ããã管çããå´ããããã¨å®å ¨ä¿éã®ããã«ãããã®æªç½®ã¯å¿ è¦ã§ããããããã¾ãããããã¯ãSSIã®èãæ¹ã«åºã¥ãèªåã§èªåã®æ©å¾®æ å ±ã管çã§ãããã¨ãæ±ãããã¦ãã¾ããç¹ã«ãåãã¦DIDãClaimãçºè¡ãããIdentity Holderã«æ§ã ãªèªè¡ãæ±ãããã¨ã¯å®¹æã§ã¯ãªãããããã¾ãããããã¸ã¿ã«æ代ã«çããæã ã«ã¯å½ç¶ã®ãªãã©ã·ã¼ã¨ãã¦æã£ã¦ããã¹ãç´ é¤ã§ã¯ãªããã¨èãã¾ãã
èªåãä»çããå¾ã¯ãSNSã®ã¢ã«ã¦ã³ããåä¾ãå«ã«åã渡ããã¨èããæ¹ãããã£ãããã¾ãããäºæ¥ç¶ç¶æ§ã®è¦³ç¹ããã¯ãã¾ããå§ãã§ããªãç¶æ³ã«ãªãã¤ã¤ããã¾ãããã¯ãããã§ãAIæè¡ã®çºå±ã«ãããæ¸ãè¾¼ã¿å 容ã®æ¤é²ã«ããã¢ã«ã¦ã³ãèªä½ãä¸æçãããã¯æ°¸ä¹ çã«ç¡å¹ã«ããæªç½®ã大ããå½±é¿ãã¾ãããããã®èº«è¿ãªäºä¾ããDIDã¨ãã®å¨è¾ºæè¡ã®ãµã¼ãã¹æä¾ãæ©æ¥ã«å®ç¾ããããæã¾ãã¦ããè¦å ã§ããã¨çè ã¯èãã¾ãã
大è¦æ¨¡ãªçµ±è¨æ å ±ãæ±ãéã®ä»®åIDã®åãæ±ãã«é¢ãã¦ããã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ãã®ãã®ãæå·åãã¦ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã³ã³ããã¼ã«ããã±ã¼ã¹ãªã©ã«é¢ãã¦ã¯ã¾ã è°è«ãååã«ãªããã¦ããªã段éã«ããããã«æãã¾ããããã¯ã°ã©ã¦ã³ãã¨ãªãæè¡ãæ´åæ§ãæã£ã¦ããããã¾ããã£ããã¤ã§ããã°ç¤¾ä¼çé©åæ§ãæã¤ãã¨ããçç±ã ãã§ããã®æè¡ãå®éã«ä¸ã®ä¸ã«æµ¸éã§ããªãã£ãäºä¾ã¯ããã¾ã§ã«ãå¤ãç®ã«ãã¦ãã¾ãããä»åç´¹ä»ããæè¡ç¾¤ãã¦ã¼ã¶ã«èº«è¿ãªã¢ããªã±ã¼ã·ã§ã³ã«ãã£ããã¤ããä¸ã®ä¸ã®å½¹ã«ç«ã¤ã®ãã©ããã¯ãç¾æç¹ã§ã¯åããã¾ããã
æ å ±éè¡ãªã©ã®ãªã¢ã«ãªã¦ã¼ã¹ã±ã¼ã¹ãåºã¦ãããã¨ã«ãã£ã¦ãå®ç¤¾ä¼ã«ãããã¨ã³ãã£ãã£ã«çµã³ã¤ãå種æ å ±ï¼æ©å¾®æ å ±ãå«ãï¼ããã¤ã³ã¿ã¼ããããä»ãã¦æµéãããä»çµã¿ã®å©ä¾¿æ§ãèªèãããããã«ãªãã¾ããããããããã«ã¯å¤§ããªåé¡ãããã¾ããEUãå®ããGDPRãªã©ã®ãã©ã¤ãã·ã¼æ å ±ç®¡çãå®ããè¦å¶ã¯EU諸å½ã«éã£ããã¨ã§ã¯ãªããæ¥æ¬ãå«ãä¸çåå½ã«ããã¦ããã®è¦å¶ãåãããã¨ã«ãªãã¾ããããã®ããä»åç´¹ä»ããæè¡ã¯ãããã¯ãã§ã¼ã³ãç¨ãããã¨ãããã¯ã¬ãã³ã·ã£ã«ãæµéããç¯å²ã¯ç¹å®ã®ãªã¼ã¸ã§ã³ã«çã¾ãããåå½ã®å種è¦å¶ã«ãã£ã¦å©ç¨ãå¶éãããå¯è½æ§ãããã¾ããããã¯BitcoinãEthereumã®ãããªæå·è³ç£ã®èãæ¹ã¨ã¯å¤§ããããé¢ãã¦ãããæè¡ã®æµ¸éãé»å®³ãã大ããªè¦å ã«ãªãå¯è½æ§ãããã¾ããERC 725 AllianceãID2020ã¯ããã®ãããªå½ãè¶ããæµéã®ä»çµã¿ã«å¯¾ããé»å®³è¦å ãææããã¢ã¯ãã£ããã£ãå¿ è¦ã¨ãªãã§ãããããããä»ã®ã¨ãããããã«é¢ããã¢ã¯ãã£ããã£ã¯è¦åãããã¾ããããããããããã®ã³ã³ã½ã¼ã·ã¢ã ã§æ±ãã¹ãåé¡ãªã®ãã©ãããå«ããåºãè¦èã¨è¦éãæã£ãæèè ããã®åé¡ã«åãçµãå¿ è¦ãããã§ãããã
å·çè ãããã£ã¼ã«
é è³ ç¥æ²»ï¼ãã ãããï¼
IIJ ã»ãã¥ãªãã£æ¬é¨ ã»ãã¥ãªãã£æ
å ±çµ±æ¬å®¤ ã·ãã¢ã¨ã³ã¸ãã¢ã2008å¹´7æããç¾è·ãæå·ã¨æ
å ±ã»ãã¥ãªãã£å
¨è¬ã«é¢ãã調æ»ã»ç 究活åã«å¾äºã
CRYPTREC TLSæå·è¨å®ã¬ã¤ãã©ã¤ã³WG 主æ»ãCRYPTRECæå·æè¡æ´»ç¨å§å¡ä¼ å§å¡ãæå·ãããã³ã«è©ä¾¡æè¡ã³ã³ã½ã¼ã·ã¢ã å¹¹äºã
æ
å ±å¦çå¦ä¼ CSECç ç©¶ä¼ å¹¹äºãé»åæ
å ±éä¿¡å¦ä¼ ISECç ç©¶ä¼ å¹¹äºè£ä½ãCyberSciTech2019 Program co-chairãIWSEC2019 Organizing committee memberãCryptoassets Governance Task Forceï¼CGTFï¼ Security WG memberã
ãã¼ã¸ã®çµããã§ã