The character of Francis Borler is based on Francis Paudras, who died in 1997. The character of Dale Turner is a combination of real-life jazzmen Bud Powell and Lester Young. The real-life friendship between Paudras and Bud Powell has been the subject of several books.
All the music is performed live, on the set. There are two soundtrack albums: one from Columbia and another "The Other Side of 'Round Midnight" under Dexter Gordon's name on the Blue Note label.
Dexter Gordon became the first Jazz Musician to earn a Best Actor Academy Award Nomination for this film.
The film cast includes two Oscar winners: Martin Scorsese and Herbie Hancock; and one Oscar nominee: Dexter Gordon.