Today’s Top Story Oakland A's Hall of Famer Rickey Henderson, Baseball's 'Man of Steal,' Dies at Age 65 In a Hall of Fame career that rewrote the record book, Henderson became the greatest leadoff hitter in Major League Baseball history.
Dec 21
Latest News 1
'It's a Big Family': Bay Area Sneakerheads Gather for 15th Anniversary Sneaker Con
4h ago
2
In Downtown San José, Two Christmas Trees Make Space for Community Grief
8h ago
3
Protests Swept California Campuses Last Year. Schools Are Now Blocking Them
Dec 21
4
Sugar Pie DeSanto, Larger-Than-Life R&B Performer, Dies at 89
Dec 21
5
6 Questions on Microplastics Scientists Are Trying to Answer
Dec 21
6 Questions on Microplastics Scientists Are Trying to Answer
‘The Storm Door Is Open’: Bay Area Braces for Days of Rain, but a Clear Christmas Cal Academy Adds Over 100 New Species to the Library of Life in 2024
Sugar Pie DeSanto, Larger-Than-Life R&B Performer, Dies at 89
Remembering Khalid Waajid, Who Documented 40 Years of Black Muslim Life in Oakland SFMOMA Fires Contemporary Curator Over Alleged Misconduct
Housing Affordability San Francisco Developer Unveils Plans for New 22-Story Ocean Beach Project San Francisco Housing Development Corporation and Housing America submitted an application for a 446-unit building.
Protesters in SF, Oakland, LA Denounce Rise in Encampment Sweeps Homeless rights advocates say the increased encampment sweeps since the Supreme Court’s Grants Pass ruling make it harder for unhoused people to stay safe and get resources.
Lurie Taps Ex-Twitter Exec to Tackle SF’s Housing Shortage and Economic Rebound Ned Segal, who, like Lurie, has no government experience, was among a group of top executives that Elon Musk ousted shortly after purchasing the social media website in 2022.
Dramatic Insurance Spikes Could Tank California's Homeless Housing The premium increases have less to do with potential losses from wildfires or storms and more to do with who lives in that housing and the dense, urban neighborhoods where the properties are located.
Immigration Want to Visit Europe in 2025? You'll Need to Apply for New Travel Authorization How to apply for the UK's new ETA visa waiver starting Jan. 8, and what to know about the ETIAS application coming for the rest of Europe.
California Lawmaker Seeks to Keep ICE Agents 1 Mile From Schools A California lawmaker wants to create a safe zone around schools to protect immigrant students and their parents against the threat of large-scale deportations by the incoming Trump administration.
Trump Has Promised Mass Deportations. Can California Fight Back? Immigration senior editor Tyche Hendricks discusses how far Trump’s deportation plans can go in California, and how immigrant communities and legal advocacy groups are preparing to fight back.
ICE Plans New Detention Center Near San Francisco. Can California Stop It? A possible migrant detention facility within two hours of San Francisco has some lawmakers concerned.
Icon-Carousel-Right@1x Created with Sketch. Icon-Carousel-Right@1x Created with Sketch. More Top Stories 'It's a Big Family': Bay Area Sneakerheads Gather for 15th Anniversary Sneaker Con This weekend Santa Clara Convention Center hosts the 15th anniversary of Sneaker Con, where Bay Area sneaker fans are buying and selling shoes.
In Downtown San José, Two Christmas Trees Make Space for Community Grief Dina Saba decorated two Christmas trees to highlight the ongoing violence in Gaza and the West Bank. ‘We're devastated. Our people are being annihilated,’ she said.
Protests Swept California Campuses Last Year. Schools Are Now Blocking Them Campus administrators have been swift in enforcing their protest rules this fall, a marked change from last spring, where protest encampments grew unchecked for days or weeks. Meanwhile, students are asking courts to weigh in on policies in court.
Oakland A's Hall of Famer Rickey Henderson, Baseball's 'Man of Steal,' Dies at Age 65 In a Hall of Fame career that rewrote the record book, Henderson became the greatest leadoff hitter in Major League Baseball history.
Sugar Pie DeSanto, Larger-Than-Life R&B Performer, Dies at 89 The dynamic singer known for her smoldering hits and on-stage backflips died in her sleep on Friday.
6 Questions on Microplastics Scientists Are Trying to Answer Plastic particles are found in our organs, blood and even semen. But do they stay in us forever? What damage are they doing? Here are the questions scientists are working to answer.
Not All California Schools Get the Same Civics Lessons. Here's Why All high school students are required to take civics, but a lack of money can limit opportunities. And in some communities, parent objections pressure teachers to avoid certain topics.
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 4:30 p.m., Saturday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rickey Henderson, an Oakland legend, World Series champion, and one of baseball’s biggest icons, who holds the all-time record for most stolen bases in Major League Baseball history, has died at age 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson’s wife, Pamela, confirmed his death in a statement Saturday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are deeply grateful for the outpouring of love, support, and heartfelt memories from family, friends, and fans,” she said in the statement. “A legend on and off the field, Rickey was a devoted son, dad, friend, grandfather, brother, uncle, and a truly humble soul.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson died just days before his 66th birthday, which would have been December 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was known as The Man of Steal, a reference to his record-setting total of 1,406 stolen bases, far surpassing the second-place player Lou Brock by more than 450 bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson also holds the modern-era baseball record for most stolen bases in a single season, with 130, which he set in 1982, during the early years of a rip-roaring decade of dominance on the basepaths for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 1, 1991, the day Henderson stole his 939th base, surpassing Brock, Henderson gave a famous on-field speech in the middle of the game, thanking his family and friends for their support, acknowledging Brock, and his own accomplishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019514\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1009px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019514\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/GettyImages-51549727.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1009\" height=\"671\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/GettyImages-51549727.jpg 1009w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/GettyImages-51549727-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/GettyImages-51549727-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1009px) 100vw, 1009px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Toronto Blue Jays’ John Olerud, left, tries to tag out Oakland A’s Rickey Henderson, right, in a pick-off attempt at first base on Oct. 12, 1992, in the 3rd inning of game 5 of the American League Championship Series in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Chris Wilkins/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Lou Brock was the symbol of great base stealing,” Henderson said. “But today, I’m the greatest of all time. Thank you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A player known for his flash and style, Henderson could frequently be seen making snap catches in the outfield, or starting a swaggerful, wide trot to first base after hitting a home run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard Bryant, a prominent sports journalist who wrote the 2022 book that dove into Henderson’s life titled \u003cem>Rickey: The Life and Legend of an American Original\u003c/em>, said Henderson was “one of the greatest of all time,” and one of the greatest leadoff hitters of all time. Henderson also set and holds the record for most leadoff home runs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The style in which he played, the confidence, just the fearlessness with which he played baseball … he was just such a unique player who could do anything he wanted on a baseball field and you couldn’t keep your eyes off him,” Bryant said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12006231/how-oakland-style-empowered-as-great-rickey-henderson-and-other-athletes\">during an interview\u003c/a> with KQED’s Brian Watt earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across a 25-season career, Henderson played for nine different clubs, including 14 seasons in Oakland over four different stints, as well as several seasons with the New York Yankees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/ivV8uc0-tkk?si=3KSB6jGUMPexQExt\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He won two World Series titles, including one in Oakland in 1989 over the San Francisco Giants. The series was a four game sweep for Oakland, but was interrupted by the deadly Loma Prieta earthquake, which occurred during game three of the series. He won a second title in 1993 with the Toronto Blue Jays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Saturday, the A’s said “[Henderson] was undoubtedly the most legendary player in Oakland history and made an indelible mark on generations of A’s fans over his 14 seasons wearing the Green and Gold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in Chicago, Henderson spent most of his childhood in Oakland, after he moved to The Town with his mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A great athlete from a young age, Henderson grew up wanting to be a running back for the Oakland Raiders. He opted to play baseball at the behest of family, friends and teachers, according to Bryant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson attended Oakland Technical High School, one of multiple schools where many prominent athletes began their careers, helping solidify the city as one of the greatest places for athletic talent and development. The locus of talent was heavily influenced by The Second Great Migration, waves of African Americans moving west out of the south and the midwest, many of whom landed in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To honor Henderson, the Oakland Athletics in 2017 named the baseball field at the Oakland Coliseum “Rickey Henderson Field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field kept the name through the end of the 2024 season, the last year of the Oakland Athletics, with the team’s ownership moving the organization to West Sacramento for at least three seasons beginning in 2025, before planning to ultimately move to Las Vegas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his Hall of Fame induction speech, Henderson thanked his mother, wife, and daughter for their support and inspiration. He said he played the game until his body told him it was time to hang it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you think of me, I would like you to remember that kid from the inner city that played the game with all his heart, and never took the game for granted,” Henderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Nina Thorsen contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 4:30 p.m., Saturday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rickey Henderson, an Oakland legend, World Series champion, and one of baseball’s biggest icons, who holds the all-time record for most stolen bases in Major League Baseball history, has died at age 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson’s wife, Pamela, confirmed his death in a statement Saturday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are deeply grateful for the outpouring of love, support, and heartfelt memories from family, friends, and fans,” she said in the statement. “A legend on and off the field, Rickey was a devoted son, dad, friend, grandfather, brother, uncle, and a truly humble soul.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson died just days before his 66th birthday, which would have been December 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was known as The Man of Steal, a reference to his record-setting total of 1,406 stolen bases, far surpassing the second-place player Lou Brock by more than 450 bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson also holds the modern-era baseball record for most stolen bases in a single season, with 130, which he set in 1982, during the early years of a rip-roaring decade of dominance on the basepaths for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 1, 1991, the day Henderson stole his 939th base, surpassing Brock, Henderson gave a famous on-field speech in the middle of the game, thanking his family and friends for their support, acknowledging Brock, and his own accomplishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019514\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1009px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019514\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/GettyImages-51549727.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1009\" height=\"671\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/GettyImages-51549727.jpg 1009w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/GettyImages-51549727-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/GettyImages-51549727-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1009px) 100vw, 1009px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Toronto Blue Jays’ John Olerud, left, tries to tag out Oakland A’s Rickey Henderson, right, in a pick-off attempt at first base on Oct. 12, 1992, in the 3rd inning of game 5 of the American League Championship Series in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Chris Wilkins/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Lou Brock was the symbol of great base stealing,” Henderson said. “But today, I’m the greatest of all time. Thank you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A player known for his flash and style, Henderson could frequently be seen making snap catches in the outfield, or starting a swaggerful, wide trot to first base after hitting a home run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard Bryant, a prominent sports journalist who wrote the 2022 book that dove into Henderson’s life titled \u003cem>Rickey: The Life and Legend of an American Original\u003c/em>, said Henderson was “one of the greatest of all time,” and one of the greatest leadoff hitters of all time. Henderson also set and holds the record for most leadoff home runs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The style in which he played, the confidence, just the fearlessness with which he played baseball … he was just such a unique player who could do anything he wanted on a baseball field and you couldn’t keep your eyes off him,” Bryant said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12006231/how-oakland-style-empowered-as-great-rickey-henderson-and-other-athletes\">during an interview\u003c/a> with KQED’s Brian Watt earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across a 25-season career, Henderson played for nine different clubs, including 14 seasons in Oakland over four different stints, as well as several seasons with the New York Yankees.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ivV8uc0-tkk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ivV8uc0-tkk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>He won two World Series titles, including one in Oakland in 1989 over the San Francisco Giants. The series was a four game sweep for Oakland, but was interrupted by the deadly Loma Prieta earthquake, which occurred during game three of the series. He won a second title in 1993 with the Toronto Blue Jays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Saturday, the A’s said “[Henderson] was undoubtedly the most legendary player in Oakland history and made an indelible mark on generations of A’s fans over his 14 seasons wearing the Green and Gold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in Chicago, Henderson spent most of his childhood in Oakland, after he moved to The Town with his mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A great athlete from a young age, Henderson grew up wanting to be a running back for the Oakland Raiders. He opted to play baseball at the behest of family, friends and teachers, according to Bryant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson attended Oakland Technical High School, one of multiple schools where many prominent athletes began their careers, helping solidify the city as one of the greatest places for athletic talent and development. The locus of talent was heavily influenced by The Second Great Migration, waves of African Americans moving west out of the south and the midwest, many of whom landed in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To honor Henderson, the Oakland Athletics in 2017 named the baseball field at the Oakland Coliseum “Rickey Henderson Field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field kept the name through the end of the 2024 season, the last year of the Oakland Athletics, with the team’s ownership moving the organization to West Sacramento for at least three seasons beginning in 2025, before planning to ultimately move to Las Vegas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his Hall of Fame induction speech, Henderson thanked his mother, wife, and daughter for their support and inspiration. He said he played the game until his body told him it was time to hang it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you think of me, I would like you to remember that kid from the inner city that played the game with all his heart, and never took the game for granted,” Henderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Nina Thorsen contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "'It's a Big Family': Bay Area Sneakerheads Gather for 15th Anniversary Sneaker Con",
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"headTitle": "‘It’s a Big Family’: Bay Area Sneakerheads Gather for 15th Anniversary Sneaker Con | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Colorful sneakers are lined up at booths, tables and tarps as sneaker heads milled through the Santa Clara Convention Center for the 15th anniversary of Sneaker Con.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shoe lovers from all over the Bay Area, and beyond, came out to buy, sell and get their sneakers autographed at “The Greatest Sneaker Show on Earth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big family,” said Juan Ruedas, 36, who traveled seven hours by bus with his son for the convention. “Everybody supports everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruedas said he likes looking for sneakers as a hobby, because it’s something he can do with his son. They left the rest of the family at home in the San Gabriel Valley this weekend to explore the convention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019563\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019563\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aaron Chen (left) and Calvin Wu carry boxes of shoes during Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019559\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019559\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Attendees buy, sell, and trade sneakers with collectors from around the country at Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019554\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019554\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Atiyah Brinson talks with a shopper at the booth All Star Finds during Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. Attendees can buy, sell, and trade with collectors from around the country. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anthony Perez, from Fremont, says he got started in the sneaker community at a young age through thrifting and selling. “We didn’t have a lot growing up,” he said. “Having nice, expensive shoes wasn’t really feasible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He joined a Facebook group with other sneakerheads and said he would thrift and trade to get better ones — riding up and down BART in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez echoes Ruedas saying Bay Area sneaker fans are a real community. He likes being among others in the sneaker community who are able to talk about different aspects of sneaker history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picking up a red shoe, Perez explained that it’s a $300 shoe from 2018, adding “sneakerheads know that.” Perez brought 250 pairs of shoes, but his company has closer to 2000, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019552\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019552\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Angeles poses for a portrait at Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. Attendees can buy, sell, and trade with collectors from around the country. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019557\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019557\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bobby Jackson holds a shoe called Lovers and Friends from the Black Love collection during Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. Jackson said the shoe celebrates the extra love during Black History Month and people coming together. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a nearby booth, \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/twojskicks/?hl=en\">Jaysse Lopez\u003c/a>, from Las Vegas, is being asked to pose for photos. Lopez said his foray into sneakers changed his life. He went from “showering in fountains at Caesars Palace” and working there, to owning a store, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019558\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019558\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-Diptych.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-Diptych.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-Diptych-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-Diptych-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-Diptych-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-Diptych-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Anthony Vargas, from San Francisco, poses for a photo with former professional baseball player Jose Conseco during Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. Right: Vargas holds a baseball card signed by Conseco. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019562\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019562\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sang Yu holds a Nike Grateful Dead Dunk at his booth, One Punch Panda, during Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. Yu also works with the non-profit Aaron & Marvin’s House of Sneakers to give away shoes to youth in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He’s the founder of \u003ca href=\"https://urbannecessities.com/\">Urban Necessities\u003c/a> and though he no longer owns a store, he now travels around with Sneaker Con. “I’ve done almost 200 shows,” he said. He’s also the subject of a documentary called \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfWHhIAdnw4\">\u003cem>Sole Survivor\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his booth he has several pairs of sneakers in clear boxes, including the Paris Dunk. Lopez says it came out nearly 20 years ago. “This is a promo sample,” he said. “This is a six figure shoe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019553\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019553\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Haley Carson washes an Air Jordan 10 Retro ‘Tinker’ sneaker with Kika Cleaner, a shoe cleaner, at Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019551\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019551\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brady Barraclough works at a booth for Fire Kicks Bay Area during Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. Attendees can buy, sell, and trade with collectors from around the country. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Maria Fernanda Bernal contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "This weekend Santa Clara Convention Center hosts the 15th anniversary of Sneaker Con, where Bay Area sneaker fans are buying and selling shoes.",
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"title": "'It's a Big Family': Bay Area Sneakerheads Gather for 15th Anniversary Sneaker Con | KQED",
"description": "This weekend Santa Clara Convention Center hosts the 15th anniversary of Sneaker Con, where Bay Area sneaker fans are buying and selling shoes.",
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"headline": "'It's a Big Family': Bay Area Sneakerheads Gather for 15th Anniversary Sneaker Con",
"datePublished": "2024-12-22T17:32:59-08:00",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Colorful sneakers are lined up at booths, tables and tarps as sneaker heads milled through the Santa Clara Convention Center for the 15th anniversary of Sneaker Con.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shoe lovers from all over the Bay Area, and beyond, came out to buy, sell and get their sneakers autographed at “The Greatest Sneaker Show on Earth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big family,” said Juan Ruedas, 36, who traveled seven hours by bus with his son for the convention. “Everybody supports everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruedas said he likes looking for sneakers as a hobby, because it’s something he can do with his son. They left the rest of the family at home in the San Gabriel Valley this weekend to explore the convention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019563\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019563\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-27-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aaron Chen (left) and Calvin Wu carry boxes of shoes during Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019559\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019559\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-22-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Attendees buy, sell, and trade sneakers with collectors from around the country at Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019554\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019554\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-11-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Atiyah Brinson talks with a shopper at the booth All Star Finds during Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. Attendees can buy, sell, and trade with collectors from around the country. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anthony Perez, from Fremont, says he got started in the sneaker community at a young age through thrifting and selling. “We didn’t have a lot growing up,” he said. “Having nice, expensive shoes wasn’t really feasible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He joined a Facebook group with other sneakerheads and said he would thrift and trade to get better ones — riding up and down BART in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez echoes Ruedas saying Bay Area sneaker fans are a real community. He likes being among others in the sneaker community who are able to talk about different aspects of sneaker history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picking up a red shoe, Perez explained that it’s a $300 shoe from 2018, adding “sneakerheads know that.” Perez brought 250 pairs of shoes, but his company has closer to 2000, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019552\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019552\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-05-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Angeles poses for a portrait at Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. Attendees can buy, sell, and trade with collectors from around the country. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019557\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019557\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-20-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bobby Jackson holds a shoe called Lovers and Friends from the Black Love collection during Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. Jackson said the shoe celebrates the extra love during Black History Month and people coming together. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a nearby booth, \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/twojskicks/?hl=en\">Jaysse Lopez\u003c/a>, from Las Vegas, is being asked to pose for photos. Lopez said his foray into sneakers changed his life. He went from “showering in fountains at Caesars Palace” and working there, to owning a store, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019558\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019558\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-Diptych.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-Diptych.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-Diptych-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-Diptych-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-Diptych-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-Diptych-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Anthony Vargas, from San Francisco, poses for a photo with former professional baseball player Jose Conseco during Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. Right: Vargas holds a baseball card signed by Conseco. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019562\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019562\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-26-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sang Yu holds a Nike Grateful Dead Dunk at his booth, One Punch Panda, during Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. Yu also works with the non-profit Aaron & Marvin’s House of Sneakers to give away shoes to youth in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He’s the founder of \u003ca href=\"https://urbannecessities.com/\">Urban Necessities\u003c/a> and though he no longer owns a store, he now travels around with Sneaker Con. “I’ve done almost 200 shows,” he said. He’s also the subject of a documentary called \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfWHhIAdnw4\">\u003cem>Sole Survivor\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his booth he has several pairs of sneakers in clear boxes, including the Paris Dunk. Lopez says it came out nearly 20 years ago. “This is a promo sample,” he said. “This is a six figure shoe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019553\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019553\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-09-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Haley Carson washes an Air Jordan 10 Retro ‘Tinker’ sneaker with Kika Cleaner, a shoe cleaner, at Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019551\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019551\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241221-SneakerCon-02-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brady Barraclough works at a booth for Fire Kicks Bay Area during Sneaker Con Bay Area at the Santa Clara Convention Center on Dec. 21, 2024. Attendees can buy, sell, and trade with collectors from around the country. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Maria Fernanda Bernal contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "in-downtown-san-jose-two-christmas-trees-make-space-for-community-grief",
"title": "In Downtown San José, Two Christmas Trees Make Space for Community Grief",
"publishDate": 1734905554,
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"headTitle": "In Downtown San José, Two Christmas Trees Make Space for Community Grief | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Walking through San José’s Plaza de Cesar Chavez, there’s all the sparkle and gleam of the holidays: brightly colored bulbs, shimmering ornaments and the familiar melody of Christmas music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as you snake through the paths of community-decorated Christmas trees and light displays for the city’s annual \u003ca href=\"https://christmasinthepark.com/\">Christmas in the Park\u003c/a>, there are two trees with a deeper message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a non-threatening way to learn about Palestine,” said Dina Saba, a Palestinian Christian resident of San José. She’s standing in front of two Christmas trees she and a group of 15 volunteers decorated to highlight the ongoing violence in Gaza and the West Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019575\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019575\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dina Saba adjusts the top of one of the tree she and volunteers decorated to bring attention to ongoing violence in the West Bank and Gaza at San Jose’s Christmas in the Park on Dec. 15, 2024. \u003ccite>(Lakshmi Sarah/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first, dedicated to Gaza, is covered with ornaments showing pictures of smiling, happy children, all of whom have been killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s devastating to see the children’s faces before they were killed,” she said. “They’re just beautiful faces. We wanted to honor them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not far away is their second tree, dedicated to the West Bank, with images of the wall between Israel and Palestinian territories, ornaments with Palestinian traditional dress and an olive branch at the top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and the volunteers spent a month preparing ornaments and printing out images to adorn the trees to honor those who have died and shine a light on continuing violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt that it was actually imperative to recognize, honor and raise awareness on what is actually happening in Gaza — which is a genocide,” Saba said. The United Nations found \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/11/un-special-committee-finds-israels-warfare-methods-gaza-consistent-genocide\">Israel’s warfare in Gaza\u003c/a> “consistent with the characteristics of genocide, with mass civilian casualties and life-threatening conditions intentionally imposed on Palestinians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019013\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019013\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-1229x1536.jpg 1229w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tree decorated with photos and other ornaments to raise awareness of the plight of children in Gaza is one of the many trees decorated by members of the community at this year’s Christmas in the Park celebration at Plaza de Cesar Chavez in downtown San José, CA, on Wednesday, Dec. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Violence in the region worsened after the Oct. 7, 2023 Hamas-led cross-border attack into Southern Israel — killing more than 1,200 people and taking approximately 240 hostages, according to the Israeli government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s emotional for us because these are our people and our families,” Saba tears up looking at the tree honoring Gaza. “I have relatives in Gaza that have been killed.”[aside tag=\"israel-hamas,palestine\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, Palestinian Christians in Gaza dedicated services to the victims of a nearby airstrike that damaged an Orthodox church compound \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/22/1207912701/churchgoers-dedicate-prayers-to-palestinian-christians-who-died-in-airstrike\">and killed at least 18 people\u003c/a>. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City of Jerusalem plays an important role in Christian faith. It is said to be where Jesus was crucified and laid to rest, then rose again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though normally she celebrates Christmas every year, Saba said this marks the second year in a row she won’t be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saba says it’s mentally and emotionally exhausting to grapple with the idea that U.S. tax dollars, that she contributes to, are “killing her own people,” as she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re devastated. Our people are being annihilated,” she said. “It’s hard for us to celebrate while knowing that our family, our community, our people are being completely slaughtered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trees are on display until January 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "In Downtown San José, Two Christmas Trees Make Space for Community Grief | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Walking through San José’s Plaza de Cesar Chavez, there’s all the sparkle and gleam of the holidays: brightly colored bulbs, shimmering ornaments and the familiar melody of Christmas music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as you snake through the paths of community-decorated Christmas trees and light displays for the city’s annual \u003ca href=\"https://christmasinthepark.com/\">Christmas in the Park\u003c/a>, there are two trees with a deeper message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a non-threatening way to learn about Palestine,” said Dina Saba, a Palestinian Christian resident of San José. She’s standing in front of two Christmas trees she and a group of 15 volunteers decorated to highlight the ongoing violence in Gaza and the West Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019575\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019575\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dina Saba adjusts the top of one of the tree she and volunteers decorated to bring attention to ongoing violence in the West Bank and Gaza at San Jose’s Christmas in the Park on Dec. 15, 2024. \u003ccite>(Lakshmi Sarah/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first, dedicated to Gaza, is covered with ornaments showing pictures of smiling, happy children, all of whom have been killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s devastating to see the children’s faces before they were killed,” she said. “They’re just beautiful faces. We wanted to honor them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not far away is their second tree, dedicated to the West Bank, with images of the wall between Israel and Palestinian territories, ornaments with Palestinian traditional dress and an olive branch at the top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and the volunteers spent a month preparing ornaments and printing out images to adorn the trees to honor those who have died and shine a light on continuing violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt that it was actually imperative to recognize, honor and raise awareness on what is actually happening in Gaza — which is a genocide,” Saba said. The United Nations found \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/11/un-special-committee-finds-israels-warfare-methods-gaza-consistent-genocide\">Israel’s warfare in Gaza\u003c/a> “consistent with the characteristics of genocide, with mass civilian casualties and life-threatening conditions intentionally imposed on Palestinians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019013\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019013\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-1229x1536.jpg 1229w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tree decorated with photos and other ornaments to raise awareness of the plight of children in Gaza is one of the many trees decorated by members of the community at this year’s Christmas in the Park celebration at Plaza de Cesar Chavez in downtown San José, CA, on Wednesday, Dec. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Violence in the region worsened after the Oct. 7, 2023 Hamas-led cross-border attack into Southern Israel — killing more than 1,200 people and taking approximately 240 hostages, according to the Israeli government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s emotional for us because these are our people and our families,” Saba tears up looking at the tree honoring Gaza. “I have relatives in Gaza that have been killed.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, Palestinian Christians in Gaza dedicated services to the victims of a nearby airstrike that damaged an Orthodox church compound \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/22/1207912701/churchgoers-dedicate-prayers-to-palestinian-christians-who-died-in-airstrike\">and killed at least 18 people\u003c/a>. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City of Jerusalem plays an important role in Christian faith. It is said to be where Jesus was crucified and laid to rest, then rose again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though normally she celebrates Christmas every year, Saba said this marks the second year in a row she won’t be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saba says it’s mentally and emotionally exhausting to grapple with the idea that U.S. tax dollars, that she contributes to, are “killing her own people,” as she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re devastated. Our people are being annihilated,” she said. “It’s hard for us to celebrate while knowing that our family, our community, our people are being completely slaughtered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trees are on display until January 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "pro-palestine-protests-swept-california-campuses-last-year-why-have-they-stopped",
"title": "Protests Swept California Campuses Last Year. Schools Are Now Blocking Them",
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"content": "\u003cp>In stark contrast to the spring, when hundreds of students were arrested and suspended for violating campus policies,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12001778/students-suspended-over-pro-palestinian-protests-tread-a-fine-line-as-fall-semester-begins-at-bay-area-universities\"> far fewer participated in protests this fall\u003c/a>. Campuses had warned students they would be enforcing these policies much more strictly than they had in the spring when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007970/1-year-later-the-impact-of-oct-7-siege-of-gaza-on-life-in-the-bay-area\">rallies and pro-Palestinian encampments protesting the Israel-Hamas war\u003c/a> grew unchecked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As protests emerged this semester,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005030/sfpd-deployed-to-8-campus-protests-including-2-major-incidents-outside-the-bay-area\"> campus police departments quashed\u003c/a> any that broke the rules. In all, at least six students have been arrested and 12 have been suspended at universities around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout October, which marked one year since the start of the Israel-Hamas war, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12000859/uc-system-implements-new-rules-on-protests-encampments\">campuses reacted swiftly to violations of protest rules\u003c/a> — known on campuses as time, place and manner policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12001778/students-suspended-over-pro-palestinian-protests-tread-a-fine-line-as-fall-semester-begins-at-bay-area-universities\">some rallies and protests\u003c/a>, no campus has seen the mass demonstrations, or encampments, that swept across California campuses last spring. That’s when, according to a CalMatters analysis, around 560 people, largely students and faculty, faced discipline or arrests. Some student protesters erected tents and other structures that remained on campus for several days or, in some cases, multiple weeks before universities intervened. In light of legal actions and pressure from lawmakers, campus administrators are tightening enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think students are still definitely riled up and ready to have their voice heard,” said Aditi Hariharan, president of the University of California Student Association. “Whenever they take steps to share their voice, I think the administration takes an opposing step and is trying to push them back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, some students and faculty are still facing charges related to last academic year’s demonstrations. And now, some who were arrested \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003855/uc-santa-cruz-students-professor-sue-over-campus-bans-after-pro-palestinian-protest\">are suing their campuses\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New year brings emphasis on enforcing protest policies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While many of today’s protest policies were in place prior to last spring, campus administrators showed discretion in the past over when or whether to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Universities’ varied approaches to dealing with the encampments led state lawmakers and system administrators to seek uniform enforcement of policies governing where and how students can protest. Signed by Gov. Gavin Newsom in September, SB 1287 requires the University of California and California State University systems to update their policies and create training to educate students on “what constitutes violent, harassing, intimidating, or discriminatory conduct that creates a hostile environment on campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even when dealing with divisive issues, all student voices have the right to be heard, and none should be silenced,” said now-former state Sen. Steve Glazer, an Orinda Democrat, speaking in support of the bill in an Assembly judiciary committee hearing. “I believe this legislation will restore an environment of civil discourse on our campuses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019389\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/050124_UCLA-Evening-Protest-TS_CM_07.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019389\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/050124_UCLA-Evening-Protest-TS_CM_07.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/050124_UCLA-Evening-Protest-TS_CM_07.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/050124_UCLA-Evening-Protest-TS_CM_07-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/050124_UCLA-Evening-Protest-TS_CM_07-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/050124_UCLA-Evening-Protest-TS_CM_07-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian student protesters gather at both sides of the entrance of a solidarity encampment at the UCLA campus in Los Angeles on May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>( Ted Soqui/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the new law, the leadership of both the UC and Cal State systems communicated the need for consistent time, place and manner policies for the start of the academic year. Michael Drake, the UC president, wrote a letter to the 10 UC campuses outlining policies on free speech and protests, including a complete ban on camping and erecting encampments, blocking campus facilities, and refusing to identify oneself. The letter largely banned actions already enshrined in laws and campus policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UCLA, university police officers arrested four people on Nov. 19 during a protest the campus’ Students for Justice in Palestine organization announced as a “Nationwide Student Strike.” According to acting UCLA Chief of Police Scott Scheffler, the protesters violated time, place and manner policies after they attempted to block access to the campus walkway through Bruin Plaza. This case is still under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scheffler is the second acting chief at UCLA since the former chief, John Thomas, was reassigned in May following criticisms of his handling of the spring protests on campus. The UCLA Police Department announced Dec. 10 was Thomas’ last day with the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, at UCLA, one person was arrested Oct. 22 for failing to disperse during a student rally of about 40 people. The campus police department posted on X that the rally violated the school’s protest policies against erecting unauthorized structures on campus.[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='palestine']At UC Santa Cruz, police arrested one student who was using a megaphone during a demonstration on Oct. 7, according to an eyewitness who spoke to LookOut Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s Office public arrest reports show one person was arrested on the Santa Cruz campus for obstruction of a public officer and battery without injury that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While no arrests were made, Pomona College has suspended 12 students for the remainder of the 2024–25 academic year following an Oct. 7 demonstration in which they entered, damaged and vandalized a restricted building, according to the student newspaper. The college also banned dozens of students from the four other campuses of the Claremont Colleges, a consortium that includes Pomona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private colleges have implemented their own policy changes. Pomona College now requires students and faculty to swipe their ID cards to enter academic buildings. Since last semester, students and visitors entering USC are also required to show a school or photo ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Some students are still facing charges from last year’s protests\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Few charges have been filed after UCLA’s encampment made headlines in April when counterprotesters led an attack on encampment protesters while law enforcement did not intervene for several hours. The following day, 254 people were arrested on charges related to the protest encampment. In October, two additional people were also arrested for participating in the counter-protester violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles County District Attorney’s office is pursuing three felony cases against individuals arrested at UCLA in relation to violence during last spring’s protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the city attorney’s office is reviewing 93 misdemeanor cases from USC and 210 from UCLA, according to information it provided to CalMatters last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lilyan Zwirzina, a junior at Cal Poly Humboldt, was among the students arrested in the early morning of April 30 following protesters occupying a campus building and ignoring orders to disperse from the university. Law enforcement took her to Humboldt County Correctional Facility, where she faced four misdemeanor charges, including resisting arrest. Zwirzina thought she’d have to cancel her study abroad semester, which conflicted with the court date she was given.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was pretty frustrated and kind of freaked out,” Zwirzina said. Authorities dropped the charges against her in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019392\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/042224_CalPoly-Gaza_MM_CM_03.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019392\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/042224_CalPoly-Gaza_MM_CM_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/042224_CalPoly-Gaza_MM_CM_03.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/042224_CalPoly-Gaza_MM_CM_03-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/042224_CalPoly-Gaza_MM_CM_03-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/042224_CalPoly-Gaza_MM_CM_03-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian protesters demand police officers go home during a protest outside of Siemens Hall at Cal Poly Humboldt in Arcata on April 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Mark McKenna/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Humboldt County District Attorney’s Office didn’t pursue charges against 27 of the 39 people arrested, citing insufficient evidence. The 12 remaining cases were referred to the Cal Poly Humboldt Police Department for investigation. Those cases remain under investigation, according to the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 13 people, including students, arrested at Stanford University in June, the Santa Clara County District Attorney Jeff Rosen has not pressed charges as of Nov. 20, according to information his office provided CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere across the state, some district attorneys are pursuing misdemeanor and felony charges against student protesters. Orange County District Attorney Todd Spitzer is pursuing misdemeanor charges against 50 people, including two UCI professors, a teaching assistant, and 26 students, stemming from a protest at UC Irvine on Oct. 22, 2023. Charges include failure to disperse, resisting arrest and vandalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Pomona College, 19 students were arrested on April 5 on charges of trespassing after some protesters entered and refused to leave an administrative building. Students arrested either had their cases dismissed or have accepted community service in lieu of further legal action. James Gutierrez, the attorney representing the arrested students, said he asked that the college drop charges against its students, citing their right to protest the use of paid tuition dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are righteously demanding that their colleges, the ones they pay tuition to and housing fees and pour a lot of money into, that that university or college stop investing in companies that are directly supporting this genocide and indirectly supporting it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Students fight back against campus protest policies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As administrators face the challenge of applying protest policies more uniformly and swiftly, the truer test of California public higher education institutions’ protest rules will be playing out in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one already resolved case, UC leadership agreed in August to comply with a court order requiring the campus to end programs or events that exclude Jewish students. A federal judge ruled some Jewish students in support of Israel who were blocked from entering the encampment had their religious liberties violated — though some Jewish students did participate in UCLA’s protest encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, students have filed at least two lawsuits against their campuses and the UC system for violating their rights while ending student encampments last spring. In September, ACLU NorCal filed suits against the UC and UC Santa Cruz for not providing students due process when they immediately barred arrested students from returning to campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those students should have gotten a hearing, an opportunity to defend themselves or to explain themselves, and the school would have shown evidence of why they created a risk of disturbance on campus,” Chessie Thacher, senior staff attorney at ACLU of Northern California, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Santa Cruz spokesperson Scott Hernandez-Jason said the university “appreciates the court’s careful deliberation” and that the university “is committed to upholding the right to free expression while also protecting the safety of its campus community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, ACLU SoCal filed lawsuits on behalf of two students and two faculty members against the UC and UCLA, alleging the actions the university took to break down the encampment violated their free speech rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA spokesperson Ricardo Vazquez told CalMatters via email that the university would respond in court and that UCLA “fully supports community members expressing their First Amendment rights in ways that do not violate the law, our policies, jeopardize community safety, or disrupt the functioning of the university.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The encampment that arose on campus this spring became a focal point for violence, a disruption to campus, and was in violation of the law,” Vazquez said in the email statement. “These conditions necessitated its removal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>June Hsu and Lizzy Rager are fellows with the College Journalism Network, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. CalMatters higher education coverage is supported by a grant from the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Campus administrators have been swift in enforcing their protest rules this fall, a marked change from last spring, where protest encampments grew unchecked for days or weeks. Meanwhile, students are asking courts to weigh in on policies in court.",
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"title": "Protests Swept California Campuses Last Year. Schools Are Now Blocking Them | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In stark contrast to the spring, when hundreds of students were arrested and suspended for violating campus policies,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12001778/students-suspended-over-pro-palestinian-protests-tread-a-fine-line-as-fall-semester-begins-at-bay-area-universities\"> far fewer participated in protests this fall\u003c/a>. Campuses had warned students they would be enforcing these policies much more strictly than they had in the spring when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007970/1-year-later-the-impact-of-oct-7-siege-of-gaza-on-life-in-the-bay-area\">rallies and pro-Palestinian encampments protesting the Israel-Hamas war\u003c/a> grew unchecked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As protests emerged this semester,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005030/sfpd-deployed-to-8-campus-protests-including-2-major-incidents-outside-the-bay-area\"> campus police departments quashed\u003c/a> any that broke the rules. In all, at least six students have been arrested and 12 have been suspended at universities around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout October, which marked one year since the start of the Israel-Hamas war, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12000859/uc-system-implements-new-rules-on-protests-encampments\">campuses reacted swiftly to violations of protest rules\u003c/a> — known on campuses as time, place and manner policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12001778/students-suspended-over-pro-palestinian-protests-tread-a-fine-line-as-fall-semester-begins-at-bay-area-universities\">some rallies and protests\u003c/a>, no campus has seen the mass demonstrations, or encampments, that swept across California campuses last spring. That’s when, according to a CalMatters analysis, around 560 people, largely students and faculty, faced discipline or arrests. Some student protesters erected tents and other structures that remained on campus for several days or, in some cases, multiple weeks before universities intervened. In light of legal actions and pressure from lawmakers, campus administrators are tightening enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think students are still definitely riled up and ready to have their voice heard,” said Aditi Hariharan, president of the University of California Student Association. “Whenever they take steps to share their voice, I think the administration takes an opposing step and is trying to push them back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, some students and faculty are still facing charges related to last academic year’s demonstrations. And now, some who were arrested \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003855/uc-santa-cruz-students-professor-sue-over-campus-bans-after-pro-palestinian-protest\">are suing their campuses\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New year brings emphasis on enforcing protest policies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While many of today’s protest policies were in place prior to last spring, campus administrators showed discretion in the past over when or whether to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Universities’ varied approaches to dealing with the encampments led state lawmakers and system administrators to seek uniform enforcement of policies governing where and how students can protest. Signed by Gov. Gavin Newsom in September, SB 1287 requires the University of California and California State University systems to update their policies and create training to educate students on “what constitutes violent, harassing, intimidating, or discriminatory conduct that creates a hostile environment on campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even when dealing with divisive issues, all student voices have the right to be heard, and none should be silenced,” said now-former state Sen. Steve Glazer, an Orinda Democrat, speaking in support of the bill in an Assembly judiciary committee hearing. “I believe this legislation will restore an environment of civil discourse on our campuses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019389\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/050124_UCLA-Evening-Protest-TS_CM_07.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019389\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/050124_UCLA-Evening-Protest-TS_CM_07.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/050124_UCLA-Evening-Protest-TS_CM_07.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/050124_UCLA-Evening-Protest-TS_CM_07-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/050124_UCLA-Evening-Protest-TS_CM_07-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/050124_UCLA-Evening-Protest-TS_CM_07-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian student protesters gather at both sides of the entrance of a solidarity encampment at the UCLA campus in Los Angeles on May 1, 2024. \u003ccite>( Ted Soqui/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the new law, the leadership of both the UC and Cal State systems communicated the need for consistent time, place and manner policies for the start of the academic year. Michael Drake, the UC president, wrote a letter to the 10 UC campuses outlining policies on free speech and protests, including a complete ban on camping and erecting encampments, blocking campus facilities, and refusing to identify oneself. The letter largely banned actions already enshrined in laws and campus policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UCLA, university police officers arrested four people on Nov. 19 during a protest the campus’ Students for Justice in Palestine organization announced as a “Nationwide Student Strike.” According to acting UCLA Chief of Police Scott Scheffler, the protesters violated time, place and manner policies after they attempted to block access to the campus walkway through Bruin Plaza. This case is still under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scheffler is the second acting chief at UCLA since the former chief, John Thomas, was reassigned in May following criticisms of his handling of the spring protests on campus. The UCLA Police Department announced Dec. 10 was Thomas’ last day with the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, at UCLA, one person was arrested Oct. 22 for failing to disperse during a student rally of about 40 people. The campus police department posted on X that the rally violated the school’s protest policies against erecting unauthorized structures on campus.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At UC Santa Cruz, police arrested one student who was using a megaphone during a demonstration on Oct. 7, according to an eyewitness who spoke to LookOut Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s Office public arrest reports show one person was arrested on the Santa Cruz campus for obstruction of a public officer and battery without injury that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While no arrests were made, Pomona College has suspended 12 students for the remainder of the 2024–25 academic year following an Oct. 7 demonstration in which they entered, damaged and vandalized a restricted building, according to the student newspaper. The college also banned dozens of students from the four other campuses of the Claremont Colleges, a consortium that includes Pomona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private colleges have implemented their own policy changes. Pomona College now requires students and faculty to swipe their ID cards to enter academic buildings. Since last semester, students and visitors entering USC are also required to show a school or photo ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Some students are still facing charges from last year’s protests\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Few charges have been filed after UCLA’s encampment made headlines in April when counterprotesters led an attack on encampment protesters while law enforcement did not intervene for several hours. The following day, 254 people were arrested on charges related to the protest encampment. In October, two additional people were also arrested for participating in the counter-protester violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles County District Attorney’s office is pursuing three felony cases against individuals arrested at UCLA in relation to violence during last spring’s protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the city attorney’s office is reviewing 93 misdemeanor cases from USC and 210 from UCLA, according to information it provided to CalMatters last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lilyan Zwirzina, a junior at Cal Poly Humboldt, was among the students arrested in the early morning of April 30 following protesters occupying a campus building and ignoring orders to disperse from the university. Law enforcement took her to Humboldt County Correctional Facility, where she faced four misdemeanor charges, including resisting arrest. Zwirzina thought she’d have to cancel her study abroad semester, which conflicted with the court date she was given.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was pretty frustrated and kind of freaked out,” Zwirzina said. Authorities dropped the charges against her in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019392\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/042224_CalPoly-Gaza_MM_CM_03.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019392\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/042224_CalPoly-Gaza_MM_CM_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/042224_CalPoly-Gaza_MM_CM_03.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/042224_CalPoly-Gaza_MM_CM_03-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/042224_CalPoly-Gaza_MM_CM_03-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/042224_CalPoly-Gaza_MM_CM_03-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian protesters demand police officers go home during a protest outside of Siemens Hall at Cal Poly Humboldt in Arcata on April 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Mark McKenna/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Humboldt County District Attorney’s Office didn’t pursue charges against 27 of the 39 people arrested, citing insufficient evidence. The 12 remaining cases were referred to the Cal Poly Humboldt Police Department for investigation. Those cases remain under investigation, according to the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 13 people, including students, arrested at Stanford University in June, the Santa Clara County District Attorney Jeff Rosen has not pressed charges as of Nov. 20, according to information his office provided CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere across the state, some district attorneys are pursuing misdemeanor and felony charges against student protesters. Orange County District Attorney Todd Spitzer is pursuing misdemeanor charges against 50 people, including two UCI professors, a teaching assistant, and 26 students, stemming from a protest at UC Irvine on Oct. 22, 2023. Charges include failure to disperse, resisting arrest and vandalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Pomona College, 19 students were arrested on April 5 on charges of trespassing after some protesters entered and refused to leave an administrative building. Students arrested either had their cases dismissed or have accepted community service in lieu of further legal action. James Gutierrez, the attorney representing the arrested students, said he asked that the college drop charges against its students, citing their right to protest the use of paid tuition dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are righteously demanding that their colleges, the ones they pay tuition to and housing fees and pour a lot of money into, that that university or college stop investing in companies that are directly supporting this genocide and indirectly supporting it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Students fight back against campus protest policies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As administrators face the challenge of applying protest policies more uniformly and swiftly, the truer test of California public higher education institutions’ protest rules will be playing out in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one already resolved case, UC leadership agreed in August to comply with a court order requiring the campus to end programs or events that exclude Jewish students. A federal judge ruled some Jewish students in support of Israel who were blocked from entering the encampment had their religious liberties violated — though some Jewish students did participate in UCLA’s protest encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, students have filed at least two lawsuits against their campuses and the UC system for violating their rights while ending student encampments last spring. In September, ACLU NorCal filed suits against the UC and UC Santa Cruz for not providing students due process when they immediately barred arrested students from returning to campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those students should have gotten a hearing, an opportunity to defend themselves or to explain themselves, and the school would have shown evidence of why they created a risk of disturbance on campus,” Chessie Thacher, senior staff attorney at ACLU of Northern California, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Santa Cruz spokesperson Scott Hernandez-Jason said the university “appreciates the court’s careful deliberation” and that the university “is committed to upholding the right to free expression while also protecting the safety of its campus community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, ACLU SoCal filed lawsuits on behalf of two students and two faculty members against the UC and UCLA, alleging the actions the university took to break down the encampment violated their free speech rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA spokesperson Ricardo Vazquez told CalMatters via email that the university would respond in court and that UCLA “fully supports community members expressing their First Amendment rights in ways that do not violate the law, our policies, jeopardize community safety, or disrupt the functioning of the university.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The encampment that arose on campus this spring became a focal point for violence, a disruption to campus, and was in violation of the law,” Vazquez said in the email statement. “These conditions necessitated its removal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>June Hsu and Lizzy Rager are fellows with the College Journalism Network, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. CalMatters higher education coverage is supported by a grant from the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "sugar-pie-desanto-dead-at-89",
"title": "Sugar Pie DeSanto, Larger-Than-Life R&B Performer, Dies at 89",
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"headTitle": "Sugar Pie DeSanto, Larger-Than-Life R&B Performer, Dies at 89 | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sugar Pie DeSanto, the San Francisco R&B singer known for her larger-than-life voice and personality, died on Friday, Dec. 20. She was 89 years old. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My sister was one of a kind and you will never see anyone like her again,” wrote Domingo Balinton, her brother, in a post on Facebook. “She was full of energy and commanded respect when she walked on stage as well as in life. I am truly going to miss her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balinton noted that DeSanto died in her sleep. No cause of death was given.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSanto, who performed well into her 80s, scored her first hit in 1959 with “I Want to Know,” a piano-driven, danceable kiss-off to a former lover that showed off her powerful, raspy voice. Following that initial success, James Brown invited her to open for him on tour, where she rivaled the Godfather of Soul in stage presence and theatrics, earning her the nickname “the Lady James Brown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969772\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 778px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/SugarPie.Press_.8x10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"778\" height=\"908\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969772\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/SugarPie.Press_.8x10.jpg 778w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/SugarPie.Press_.8x10-160x187.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/SugarPie.Press_.8x10-768x896.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sugar Pie DeSanto in a Checker Records publicity photo from the early 1960s. \u003ccite>(Checker Records)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Born Umpeylia Balinton in Brooklyn, New York to a Black mother and Filipino father in 1935, DeSanto moved to San Francisco’s Fillmore District as a child. She was the oldest girl of 10 siblings, and was childhood friends with Etta James, who became a lifelong friend and collaborator. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After World War II, the Fillmore’s vibrant Black businesses and nightclubs earned the neighborhood the nickname the “Harlem of the West.” In the 1950s, DeSanto began sneaking out to perform as a young teenager. Johnny Otis, a producer known as “the godfather of rhythm and blues,” discovered her when she performed at a talent show at 19 years old. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='arts_13934476']“As she said, ‘I like to leave the stage smokin’.’ And she did,” her late manager, James Moore, told KQED in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSanto was exacting about her craft. Often the only woman in the studio, and standing at just four feet, eleven inches tall, she developed a reputation for her tough personality and mischievous humor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I took over the studio, honey,” she \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13934476/8-over-80-sugar-pie-desanto\">told KQED in 2023\u003c/a>. “And a couple of times I put the drums over their head, you know, hittin’ ’em across their head ’cause they pissed me off. I’ve always been very technical about my music.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13934574\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A concert poster from Sugar Pie DeSanto's show at the Littlefield in Brooklyn in 2014.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13934574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters and memorobilia hang on Sugar Pie DeSanto’s wall in in Oakland, Calif., on Friday, Sept. 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After touring with James Brown in 1960 and 1961, DeSanto made her way to Chicago to work with Chess Records. Her bluesy, seductive single “Slip-In Mules” hit No. 10 on Billboard in 1964; that same year, she traveled to London to perform at American Folk Blues Festival. The performance earned her a following overseas: In 1966, the \u003cem>Thanet Times and East Kent Pictorial\u003c/em>, a British newspaper, called her “America’s top female blues singer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ’60s, DeSanto became a staff songwriter at Chess — unusual for a woman at the time — and with her creative partner Shena DeMell, she penned lyrics for musical greats like Minnie Riperton, Fontella Bass and The Whispers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is one of the reasons I think that she has lasted,” said filmmaker Cheryl Fabio, who featured DeSanto in her documentary \u003cem>Evolutionary Blues\u003c/em>. “She was a writer and a poet and a lyricist. So that when she’s performing, she’s telling you something that’s on her heart and on her mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pagqJxGR33I\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through Chess, DeSanto and Etta James put out two duets: 1965’s “\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/uBw9g-t5MQI?si=eGF08VfjzN4wqCQA\">Do I Make Myself Clear\u003c/a>,” a rock ‘n’ roll song that sent a warning shot to a cheating man, and the 1966 house-party anthem “\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/8IpxDTK8HIg?si=lrg1rRraxSxnx_8c\">In the Basement\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet despite her international renown, DeSanto was part of a generation of influential Black artists who were not fairly compensated for their work. “Those people made the music business. The record labels made hundreds of millions of dollars, and those people would make anything, comparatively speaking,” said Moore, her manager, in 2023, noting that labels often didn’t share earnings statements for royalties. “And of course, music is America’s greatest export to the rest of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the ’70s, DeSanto moved to Oakland, and kept up a rigorous performance schedule that lasted for five decades. Her fierceness never extinguished, even in the face of immense challenges. In 2006, she lost her husband Jesse Earl Davis in a house fire that destroyed her belongings. They were together off and on for 27 years, and married twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969773\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1296\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969773\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578-800x518.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578-768x498.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578-1536x995.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578-1920x1244.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sugar Pie DeSanto performs on stage during the San Francisco Blues Festival at Golden Gate Park on July 12, 1974 in San Francisco, California. \u003ccite>(Photo by Robert Altman/Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2012, she lost her childhood friend Etta James, who was 73 years old when she passed away from leukemia and other health complications. “That was my girl,” DeSanto says. “That really hurt me deeply that she passed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSanto continued to perform throughout the 2010s until the COVID-19 pandemic. Her onstage antics — backflips, straddling male audience members and singing upside down — earned her ovations at events like the Redwood City Blues Festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liam O’Donoghue, host of the podcast East Bay Yesterday, befriended her after he interviewed her in 2017. She showed up to the interview in head-to-toe leopard print, big jewelry and a statement hat; afterwards, she asked him to take her to the grocery store, where she relished attention from fans as she shopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13934572\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An 87-year-old woman with a pink top and sequined hat poses with her hands on her hips, looking assertively yet playfully at the camera.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13934572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sugar Pie DeSanto, 87, poses for a portrait outside her home in Oakland, Calif., on Friday, Sept. 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“She is one of the people who I will never, ever forget,” O’Donoghue says. “She just blew me away with just everything about her, her presence, her energy, her stories, her language. She was just vivacious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSanto’s most recent album, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://sugarpiedesanto.com/music/\">Sugar’s Suite\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, came out in 2018, and in 2020 she received the \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2020/12/01/legendary-rb-singer-sugar-pie-desanto-to-be-honored-next-week/\">Arhoolie Award\u003c/a> for extraordinary individuals who preserve traditional music. In 2023, she received a mayoral proclamation in Chicago for her contributions to the blues. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Sugar Pie DeSanto Dies at 89: Remembering the R&B Legend | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sugar Pie DeSanto, the San Francisco R&B singer known for her larger-than-life voice and personality, died on Friday, Dec. 20. She was 89 years old. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My sister was one of a kind and you will never see anyone like her again,” wrote Domingo Balinton, her brother, in a post on Facebook. “She was full of energy and commanded respect when she walked on stage as well as in life. I am truly going to miss her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balinton noted that DeSanto died in her sleep. No cause of death was given.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSanto, who performed well into her 80s, scored her first hit in 1959 with “I Want to Know,” a piano-driven, danceable kiss-off to a former lover that showed off her powerful, raspy voice. Following that initial success, James Brown invited her to open for him on tour, where she rivaled the Godfather of Soul in stage presence and theatrics, earning her the nickname “the Lady James Brown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969772\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 778px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/SugarPie.Press_.8x10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"778\" height=\"908\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969772\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/SugarPie.Press_.8x10.jpg 778w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/SugarPie.Press_.8x10-160x187.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/SugarPie.Press_.8x10-768x896.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sugar Pie DeSanto in a Checker Records publicity photo from the early 1960s. \u003ccite>(Checker Records)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Born Umpeylia Balinton in Brooklyn, New York to a Black mother and Filipino father in 1935, DeSanto moved to San Francisco’s Fillmore District as a child. She was the oldest girl of 10 siblings, and was childhood friends with Etta James, who became a lifelong friend and collaborator. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After World War II, the Fillmore’s vibrant Black businesses and nightclubs earned the neighborhood the nickname the “Harlem of the West.” In the 1950s, DeSanto began sneaking out to perform as a young teenager. Johnny Otis, a producer known as “the godfather of rhythm and blues,” discovered her when she performed at a talent show at 19 years old. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“As she said, ‘I like to leave the stage smokin’.’ And she did,” her late manager, James Moore, told KQED in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSanto was exacting about her craft. Often the only woman in the studio, and standing at just four feet, eleven inches tall, she developed a reputation for her tough personality and mischievous humor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I took over the studio, honey,” she \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13934476/8-over-80-sugar-pie-desanto\">told KQED in 2023\u003c/a>. “And a couple of times I put the drums over their head, you know, hittin’ ’em across their head ’cause they pissed me off. I’ve always been very technical about my music.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13934574\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A concert poster from Sugar Pie DeSanto's show at the Littlefield in Brooklyn in 2014.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13934574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-17-JY-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters and memorobilia hang on Sugar Pie DeSanto’s wall in in Oakland, Calif., on Friday, Sept. 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After touring with James Brown in 1960 and 1961, DeSanto made her way to Chicago to work with Chess Records. Her bluesy, seductive single “Slip-In Mules” hit No. 10 on Billboard in 1964; that same year, she traveled to London to perform at American Folk Blues Festival. The performance earned her a following overseas: In 1966, the \u003cem>Thanet Times and East Kent Pictorial\u003c/em>, a British newspaper, called her “America’s top female blues singer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ’60s, DeSanto became a staff songwriter at Chess — unusual for a woman at the time — and with her creative partner Shena DeMell, she penned lyrics for musical greats like Minnie Riperton, Fontella Bass and The Whispers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is one of the reasons I think that she has lasted,” said filmmaker Cheryl Fabio, who featured DeSanto in her documentary \u003cem>Evolutionary Blues\u003c/em>. “She was a writer and a poet and a lyricist. So that when she’s performing, she’s telling you something that’s on her heart and on her mind.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/pagqJxGR33I'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/pagqJxGR33I'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Through Chess, DeSanto and Etta James put out two duets: 1965’s “\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/uBw9g-t5MQI?si=eGF08VfjzN4wqCQA\">Do I Make Myself Clear\u003c/a>,” a rock ‘n’ roll song that sent a warning shot to a cheating man, and the 1966 house-party anthem “\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/8IpxDTK8HIg?si=lrg1rRraxSxnx_8c\">In the Basement\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet despite her international renown, DeSanto was part of a generation of influential Black artists who were not fairly compensated for their work. “Those people made the music business. The record labels made hundreds of millions of dollars, and those people would make anything, comparatively speaking,” said Moore, her manager, in 2023, noting that labels often didn’t share earnings statements for royalties. “And of course, music is America’s greatest export to the rest of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the ’70s, DeSanto moved to Oakland, and kept up a rigorous performance schedule that lasted for five decades. Her fierceness never extinguished, even in the face of immense challenges. In 2006, she lost her husband Jesse Earl Davis in a house fire that destroyed her belongings. They were together off and on for 27 years, and married twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969773\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1296\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969773\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578-800x518.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578-768x498.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578-1536x995.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/GettyImages-865839578-1920x1244.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sugar Pie DeSanto performs on stage during the San Francisco Blues Festival at Golden Gate Park on July 12, 1974 in San Francisco, California. \u003ccite>(Photo by Robert Altman/Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2012, she lost her childhood friend Etta James, who was 73 years old when she passed away from leukemia and other health complications. “That was my girl,” DeSanto says. “That really hurt me deeply that she passed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSanto continued to perform throughout the 2010s until the COVID-19 pandemic. Her onstage antics — backflips, straddling male audience members and singing upside down — earned her ovations at events like the Redwood City Blues Festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liam O’Donoghue, host of the podcast East Bay Yesterday, befriended her after he interviewed her in 2017. She showed up to the interview in head-to-toe leopard print, big jewelry and a statement hat; afterwards, she asked him to take her to the grocery store, where she relished attention from fans as she shopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13934572\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An 87-year-old woman with a pink top and sequined hat poses with her hands on her hips, looking assertively yet playfully at the camera.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13934572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/09/20230908-SugarPieDeSanto-05-JY-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sugar Pie DeSanto, 87, poses for a portrait outside her home in Oakland, Calif., on Friday, Sept. 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“She is one of the people who I will never, ever forget,” O’Donoghue says. “She just blew me away with just everything about her, her presence, her energy, her stories, her language. She was just vivacious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSanto’s most recent album, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://sugarpiedesanto.com/music/\">Sugar’s Suite\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, came out in 2018, and in 2020 she received the \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2020/12/01/legendary-rb-singer-sugar-pie-desanto-to-be-honored-next-week/\">Arhoolie Award\u003c/a> for extraordinary individuals who preserve traditional music. In 2023, she received a mayoral proclamation in Chicago for her contributions to the blues. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "6 Questions on Microplastics Scientists Are Trying to Answer | KQED",
"labelTerm": {},
"content": "\u003cp>It’s a disturbing thought: At this very moment, tiny crumbs of plastic are trickling through our bodies, a parade of unwelcome houseguests ready to take up residence in some tissue or organ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wave of new studies has come out recently, and each one seems to paint an ever more vivid picture of how microplastics — and their smaller counterparts, nanoplastics — have infiltrated the \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11342020/\">deepest corners\u003c/a> of our anatomy. The \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35364151/\">lungs\u003c/a>, liver and \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.est.2c07179\">heart\u003c/a>, guts and \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11406405/\">brain\u003c/a>, even the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/05/22/1252831827/microplastics-testicles-humans-health\">testicles\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://hsc.unm.edu/news/2024/02/hsc-newsroom-post-microplastics.html\">placenta\u003c/a> — nothing seems to be spared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outpouring of research has brought enormous visibility to how these fragments permeate our daily lives. Long studied in oceans, waterways and marine life, researchers have now shifted focus to human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade ago, \u003ca href=\"https://momentummicroplastics.nl/about-us/participants/heather-leslie/\">Heather Leslie\u003c/a> could scarcely find anyone to fund her work in this area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seemed like nobody wanted to touch it,” says Leslie, a microplastics researcher in the Netherlands whose team was the \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35367073/\">first to detect these particles\u003c/a> in the human bloodstream several years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the work has gained momentum, so have questions about the damage microplastics could be doing inside of us. Researchers tend to be wary about making pronouncements because the field is still in a “pioneering phase,” as Leslie put it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adl2746\">undoubtedly concerns\u003c/a>. Some of the strongest evidence comes from lab studies using animals as well as what’s already known about the damaging effects of chemicals added to plastics. A review of the \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c09524\">data published\u003c/a> Wednesday concludes that microplastics are “suspected” to harm human reproductive, digestive and respiratory health, with a possible link to colon and lung cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a signal that we should be acting now,” says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/tracey.woodruff\">Tracey Woodruff\u003c/a>, a senior author on the study who directs the Program on Reproductive Health & the Environment at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://agsci.oregonstate.edu/users/susanne-brander\">Susanne Brander\u003c/a>, an ecotoxicologist at Oregon State University, says it’s not helpful to “elicit a gigantic state of alarm,” but she agrees that we already know enough about the health risks to push for substantive changes, including \u003ca href=\"https://environment.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-regrets-inconclusive-global-plastics-treaty-2024-12-02_en#:~:text=EU%20regrets%20lack%20of%20conclusion,failed%20to%20reach%20an%20agreement.&text=The%20EU%20regrets%20that%20the,yesterday%20in%20Busan%2C%20South%20Korea.\">a global agreement\u003c/a> to curb the rising production of plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they push to solve the puzzle of microplastics, here are six questions scientists are trying to answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019242\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019242\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_4-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_4-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_4-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_4-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_4-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_4-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scraps of plastic trash have inundated the oceans and waterways. \u003ccite>(Olivier Morin/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>1. Which microplastics are actually in our bodies?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Our soil, drinking water and food supply, the air we breathe, all carry microplastics, \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/water-research/microplastics-research\">defined as\u003c/a> any plastic particle as small as 1 nanometer and as large as 5 millimeters. Some have built up in the environment over many years, while others arrive daily, as they shed from tires, our clothing, food packaging, personal care products and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plastics are probably one of the largest exposures we experience as humans and it’s been ongoing most of our lives and our parents’ lives,” says \u003ca href=\"https://sph.emory.edu/faculty/profile/index.php?FID=douglas-walker-12628\">Douglas Walker\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental health at Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These particles are endlessly varied, making them challenging to study. Their size and shape, the type of polymer and the chemical makeup can all have consequences for how they accumulate in our bodies and the potential health effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one microplastic represents an “analytical nightmare,” says Leslie. “So it’s really hard to make statements over such a broad range of contaminants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker says scientists are still sorting out how to accurately measure microplastics in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The particles that tend to be studied in lab experiments often don’t reflect the weathered debris that ends up inside us; labs use a variety of approaches, making it hard to tie together the findings from different studies; and despite advances in technology, detecting the tiniest pieces remains technically difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would imagine we’re underestimating nanoplastics across the board, including in human tissues,” says Brander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://hsc.unm.edu/directory/campen-matthew-j.html\">Matthew Campen\u003c/a>, whose team has found plastic in a variety of organs, says these can resemble “shard-like, stabby things,” which, in some cases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ciel.org/breathing-plastic-the-health-impacts-of-invisible-plastics-in-the-air/\">are smaller than a virus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You realize, wait a minute, you could fit a lot of these inside even a single cell,” says Campen, who researches environmental health and toxicology at the University of New Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists can isolate microplastics, pull them out of human tissue and take pictures, but seeing where they are inside the body remains a real “struggle,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all the caveats, Campen says the new studies showing microplastics in tissue should be viewed as “linchpins” that will push the field forward. “We need an all-hands-on-deck approach,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Once inside of us, do they ever leave?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Imagine being transported to a plastic-free paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How long do you suppose it would take for all those tiny shards to exit your system? Would they ever?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This thought experiment can’t be replicated in the real world, since plastic pollution is so ubiquitous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In essence, Leslie says all of us are being “microdosed” with microplastics around the clock, so there’s no way to systematically track how much is coming and going. Even if our bodies are doing an admirable job at clearing out this debris, the constant exposure could make it look like a losing battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research finds microplastics in our stool and urine. And \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.pt/citations?user=tSX0Bi8AAAAJ&hl=en\">Joana Prata\u003c/a> says her review of animal data suggests that, in principle, most of what we ingest or inhale will leave the body during a trip to the bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only a small portion gets absorbed,” says Prata, an auxiliary professor at the University Institute of Health Sciences — CESPU in Portugal. “There’s still a lot of uncertainty,” because the evidence doesn’t necessarily reflect the complexities of real-world microplastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campen says you don’t see a correlation between age and the concentration of microplastics in human tissue. In other words, it doesn’t appear to endlessly accumulate inside us. It’s possible that our bodies may reach some sort of “equilibrium” based on how much is around us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have enough data,” he says, “but [our work] suggests there’s a very rapid time to saturation — you do hit a limit and eventually you’re clearing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723034630?via%3Dihub\">study of Zebrafish\u003c/a> (sometimes used in biomedical research) found the uptake of microplastics did plateau at a certain point and levels decreased when the animals weren’t being exposed. The problem is the saturation point went up proportionally to how much the animals were exposed to, says Campen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s basically where we are right now,” says Campen. “Our environmental exposure keeps going up because we’re doing nothing to stop it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019245\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019245\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_3-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1058\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_3-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_3-copy-800x529.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_3-copy-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_3-copy-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_3-copy-1536x1016.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Examples of plastic trash found on the shore of the Thames Estuary in 2018 in Rainham, Kent. Once in the environment, plastic gradually degrades into smaller and smaller microplastics, which can find their way into the food chain and the air we breathe. \u003ccite>(Dan Kitwood/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>3. What do microplastics do once they get inside our bodies?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Instead of passing through us, some particles move across the thin membrane lining our gut and eventually find their way into the bloodstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Size makes a big difference here, Prata says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The larger particle will be less likely to cross the biological barrier, but we cannot say that it will never cross,” she says. “You can just say it’s less probable. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brander says there’s still debate about the exact size cutoff, in part because that can also depend on the shape of the particle. For example, a long skinny microfiber might be able to sneak through the barrier in our gut more easily than other pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airborne plastics — particularly common indoors — can also be inhaled. Larger particles are expected to be filtered out to some extent, perhaps snagged in our nose or coughed up. Only the most “ultrafine” pieces will reach the deepest parts of the lungs where they can enter the circulatory system, says Leslie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once absorbed into our bloodstream, microplastics and nanoplastics tend to be quickly coated in proteins and fats, creating a corona, or crown-like appearance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then it’s essentially going on a trip around your body,” Leslie says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their exact itinerary remains unclear. But Brander says research on animals has long shown that microplastics can move all over. The same is probably true for humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These foreign travelers seem to find a home in many organs, as well as bodily fluids like \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/13/2700\">breast milk\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38802004/\">semen\u003c/a>. They can \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10141840/\">even cross\u003c/a> the blood-brain barrier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very unlikely that they’re actually metabolized into anything because these are solid particles,” says Walker. “So they would be difficult to break down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our immune system \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/490794220\">can’t dispatch\u003c/a> these bits of plastic as it would other foreign invaders like bacteria. Immune cells, known as macrophages, will release enzymes that do their best to attack these particles, but the “plastic doesn’t mind at all,” says Leslie. “It remains intact and becomes like a stubborn opponent for your immune system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether microplastics pile up in certain organs more than others remains a big unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campen and his team suspect the liver is on the “frontline,” doing its best to deal with this debris and push it back into the gut with digestive fluids. Their hypothesis is that smaller plastics like nanoplastics slip through the cracks and are repackaged with fats and circulated throughout the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \u003cem>could\u003c/em> mean that microplastics build up in organs with greater energy needs, such as the brain, where Campen’s \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38765967/\">lab has documented\u003c/a> higher concentrations than in other organs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019246\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019246\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_2-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_2-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_2-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_2-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_2-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_2-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plastic trash gradually degrades into tiny particles that spread around the environment and ultimately into human bodies. \u003ccite>(Alistair Berg/Digital Vision/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>4. Are they harming us?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t have definitive answers yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans encounter many pollutants over our lifetime. And given that researchers are still sorting out the best models for analyzing microplastics, many are cautious not to get ahead of the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, several recent studies have raised troubling warning signs. They’ve shown associations — not a direct causal link — between the accumulation of microplastics and health problems in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One that gained attention \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2309822\">earlier this year came\u003c/a> from Italian researchers who found that people with microplastics in the plaques in their arteries were more likely to have a heart attack, stroke or to die. Some small studies have found higher levels in people with \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34935363/\">inflammatory bowel disease\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35835713/\">liver disease\u003c/a>. The review published this week from UCSF also included observational research linking microplastics to reproductive health and chronic sinusitis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the concern comes from lab studies involving animals or cell lines — scientists observed toxic effects of microplastics on the cellular and molecular levels. The “next puzzle piece” is now to figure out how this research translates to health outcomes for an individual or a whole population, says Leslie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brander points to evidence that microplastics \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11117644/\">lead to oxidative stress,\u003c/a> which can damage proteins and genetic materials, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000702\">spark inflammation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that’s happening in fish and in rodents in experiments that are being peer-reviewed and published, it’s probably happening in us too,” says Brander. “We just haven’t demonstrated it yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This body of research suggests fertility problems, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389424006332\">neurological diseases\u003c/a>, harms to metabolism and the immune system, and changes that signal increased risk of cancer, among other effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are potential effects because of the mechanisms we know about,” says Prata.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can only extrapolate so much from these studies. For example, the doses given to animals in a lab may be much larger than what humans are ingesting and may not reflect the “wild” microplastics we encounter in our daily lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of clear data, Leslie says it can be tempting to make microplastics the “culprit for every disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d like to get to the truth of the matter,” she says. “I have the feeling that sometimes we might be blaming plastics for things that they shouldn’t be blamed for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the UCSF analysis, the suggested link with cancer was mostly based on animal research, but Woodruff says this is “standard” for identifying cancer risks and can still be considered high-quality evidence. “In the field of environmental health, when we have concerning signals, we should be concerned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019247\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plastics and micro plastics of different shapes and colors are laid on the fine sand of the Grand Crohot beach in Lege-Cap-Ferret in New Aquitaine in France on April 29, 2019. \u003ccite>(Vincent Feuray/Hans Lucas/Hans Lucas via AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>5. What about the chemicals in plastics — are they hazardous?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Chemicals added to plastics represent another threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these can mess with hormones, affect reproductive health, increase the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pfas/our-current-understanding-human-health-and-environmental-risks-pfas\">risk of some cancers\u003c/a> and cause \u003ca href=\"https://environment.ec.europa.eu/news/exposure-chemicals-plastic-and-other-sources-possible-causal-factor-obesity-2022-11-30_en\">metabolic problems\u003c/a> like obesity, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phthalates and bisphenol A, or BPA, are two of the most well-studied examples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS, also known as “forever chemicals,” are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/04/10/1243775736/epa-pfas-forever-chemicals-drinking-water-limits\">also gaining attention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in reality, Brander says there are more than 16,000 \u003ca href=\"https://ikhapp.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/SCEPT_Policy_Brief_chemicals_polymers_of_concern_en.pdf\">chemicals used or found in plastics\u003c/a>, about a quarter of which are known to be “hazardous” and many of the others are not well studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s s\u003cem>ubstantial\u003c/em> evidence that many of these chemicals cause disease,” says Brander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists worry microplastics could potentially act as “as long-term sources of plastic-related chemicals in your body,” says Walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the uncertainties, Brander believes there’s enough evidence to take collective action to limit our exposure to microplastics, both in our lives and on a policy level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019248\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019248\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists say we can reduce our exposure to microplastics to some extent by avoiding single-use plastic and plastic food packaging, among other measures. \u003ccite>(Peter Dazeley/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>6. How can we reduce our exposure to microplastics?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists are still investigating the biggest sources of microplastics in our daily lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, the task of reducing your exposure shouldn’t fall entirely on the individual. But the fact is policy changes — such as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/03/nx-s1-5214556/more-than-150-countries-failed-to-agree-on-a-plan-to-cut-plastic-pollution\">global plastics treaty\u003c/a> — aren’t going to happen overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here’s how you can get started in reducing your own exposure: Eliminate single-use plastic as much as you can, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2024/12/01/single-use-plastics-reuse-risk/\">don’t reuse these items\u003c/a>. Cut back on foods that come in plastic packaging or cans that have plastic linings. \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-023-25433-7\">Aim for shorter\u003c/a> dishwasher cycles, with fewer plastic items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never cook your food in plastic,” says Brander. “The heat will drive those particles and more of those chemicals into your food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadly, this applies to your to-go cup of coffee, which is often lined with polyethylene. When possible, buy cleaning products, both for your household and hygiene, that don’t come in plastic containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider investing in a \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10054062/\">filter for tap water\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our clothing can also shed a lot of microplastics, which is why Leslie tries to wear fabrics like wool and linen. When you have a choice, avoid synthetic materials in your rugs and furniture, too. Dust can carry microplastics, which you may breathe in. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S026974912201171X?via%3Dihub\">Research suggests\u003c/a> vacuuming can help limit what’s in your house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concentration of these particles \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-023-00634-x\">indoors is greater\u003c/a> than outdoors, so try to keep windows open and improve ventilation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leslie’s philosophy? There’s only so much you can control, so “don’t feel guilty” about using plastics — just try to limit your use when possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can just experiment with saying no to what you don’t want,” she says. “The resistance to plastic pollution is in our noncompliance. I’m going to keep on doing just that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "Plastic particles are found in our organs, blood and even semen. But do they stay in us forever? What damage are they doing? Here are the questions scientists are working to answer.",
"status": "publish",
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"title": "6 Questions on Microplastics Scientists Are Trying to Answer | KQED",
"description": "Plastic particles are found in our organs, blood and even semen. But do they stay in us forever? What damage are they doing? Here are the questions scientists are working to answer.",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/919093243/will-stone\">Will Stone\u003c/a>, NPR",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a disturbing thought: At this very moment, tiny crumbs of plastic are trickling through our bodies, a parade of unwelcome houseguests ready to take up residence in some tissue or organ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wave of new studies has come out recently, and each one seems to paint an ever more vivid picture of how microplastics — and their smaller counterparts, nanoplastics — have infiltrated the \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11342020/\">deepest corners\u003c/a> of our anatomy. The \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35364151/\">lungs\u003c/a>, liver and \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.est.2c07179\">heart\u003c/a>, guts and \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11406405/\">brain\u003c/a>, even the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/05/22/1252831827/microplastics-testicles-humans-health\">testicles\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://hsc.unm.edu/news/2024/02/hsc-newsroom-post-microplastics.html\">placenta\u003c/a> — nothing seems to be spared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outpouring of research has brought enormous visibility to how these fragments permeate our daily lives. Long studied in oceans, waterways and marine life, researchers have now shifted focus to human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade ago, \u003ca href=\"https://momentummicroplastics.nl/about-us/participants/heather-leslie/\">Heather Leslie\u003c/a> could scarcely find anyone to fund her work in this area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seemed like nobody wanted to touch it,” says Leslie, a microplastics researcher in the Netherlands whose team was the \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35367073/\">first to detect these particles\u003c/a> in the human bloodstream several years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the work has gained momentum, so have questions about the damage microplastics could be doing inside of us. Researchers tend to be wary about making pronouncements because the field is still in a “pioneering phase,” as Leslie put it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adl2746\">undoubtedly concerns\u003c/a>. Some of the strongest evidence comes from lab studies using animals as well as what’s already known about the damaging effects of chemicals added to plastics. A review of the \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c09524\">data published\u003c/a> Wednesday concludes that microplastics are “suspected” to harm human reproductive, digestive and respiratory health, with a possible link to colon and lung cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a signal that we should be acting now,” says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/tracey.woodruff\">Tracey Woodruff\u003c/a>, a senior author on the study who directs the Program on Reproductive Health & the Environment at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://agsci.oregonstate.edu/users/susanne-brander\">Susanne Brander\u003c/a>, an ecotoxicologist at Oregon State University, says it’s not helpful to “elicit a gigantic state of alarm,” but she agrees that we already know enough about the health risks to push for substantive changes, including \u003ca href=\"https://environment.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-regrets-inconclusive-global-plastics-treaty-2024-12-02_en#:~:text=EU%20regrets%20lack%20of%20conclusion,failed%20to%20reach%20an%20agreement.&text=The%20EU%20regrets%20that%20the,yesterday%20in%20Busan%2C%20South%20Korea.\">a global agreement\u003c/a> to curb the rising production of plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they push to solve the puzzle of microplastics, here are six questions scientists are trying to answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019242\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019242\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_4-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_4-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_4-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_4-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_4-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_4-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scraps of plastic trash have inundated the oceans and waterways. \u003ccite>(Olivier Morin/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>1. Which microplastics are actually in our bodies?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Our soil, drinking water and food supply, the air we breathe, all carry microplastics, \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/water-research/microplastics-research\">defined as\u003c/a> any plastic particle as small as 1 nanometer and as large as 5 millimeters. Some have built up in the environment over many years, while others arrive daily, as they shed from tires, our clothing, food packaging, personal care products and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plastics are probably one of the largest exposures we experience as humans and it’s been ongoing most of our lives and our parents’ lives,” says \u003ca href=\"https://sph.emory.edu/faculty/profile/index.php?FID=douglas-walker-12628\">Douglas Walker\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental health at Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These particles are endlessly varied, making them challenging to study. Their size and shape, the type of polymer and the chemical makeup can all have consequences for how they accumulate in our bodies and the potential health effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one microplastic represents an “analytical nightmare,” says Leslie. “So it’s really hard to make statements over such a broad range of contaminants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker says scientists are still sorting out how to accurately measure microplastics in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The particles that tend to be studied in lab experiments often don’t reflect the weathered debris that ends up inside us; labs use a variety of approaches, making it hard to tie together the findings from different studies; and despite advances in technology, detecting the tiniest pieces remains technically difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would imagine we’re underestimating nanoplastics across the board, including in human tissues,” says Brander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://hsc.unm.edu/directory/campen-matthew-j.html\">Matthew Campen\u003c/a>, whose team has found plastic in a variety of organs, says these can resemble “shard-like, stabby things,” which, in some cases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ciel.org/breathing-plastic-the-health-impacts-of-invisible-plastics-in-the-air/\">are smaller than a virus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You realize, wait a minute, you could fit a lot of these inside even a single cell,” says Campen, who researches environmental health and toxicology at the University of New Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists can isolate microplastics, pull them out of human tissue and take pictures, but seeing where they are inside the body remains a real “struggle,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all the caveats, Campen says the new studies showing microplastics in tissue should be viewed as “linchpins” that will push the field forward. “We need an all-hands-on-deck approach,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Once inside of us, do they ever leave?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Imagine being transported to a plastic-free paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How long do you suppose it would take for all those tiny shards to exit your system? Would they ever?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This thought experiment can’t be replicated in the real world, since plastic pollution is so ubiquitous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In essence, Leslie says all of us are being “microdosed” with microplastics around the clock, so there’s no way to systematically track how much is coming and going. Even if our bodies are doing an admirable job at clearing out this debris, the constant exposure could make it look like a losing battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research finds microplastics in our stool and urine. And \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.pt/citations?user=tSX0Bi8AAAAJ&hl=en\">Joana Prata\u003c/a> says her review of animal data suggests that, in principle, most of what we ingest or inhale will leave the body during a trip to the bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only a small portion gets absorbed,” says Prata, an auxiliary professor at the University Institute of Health Sciences — CESPU in Portugal. “There’s still a lot of uncertainty,” because the evidence doesn’t necessarily reflect the complexities of real-world microplastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campen says you don’t see a correlation between age and the concentration of microplastics in human tissue. In other words, it doesn’t appear to endlessly accumulate inside us. It’s possible that our bodies may reach some sort of “equilibrium” based on how much is around us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have enough data,” he says, “but [our work] suggests there’s a very rapid time to saturation — you do hit a limit and eventually you’re clearing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723034630?via%3Dihub\">study of Zebrafish\u003c/a> (sometimes used in biomedical research) found the uptake of microplastics did plateau at a certain point and levels decreased when the animals weren’t being exposed. The problem is the saturation point went up proportionally to how much the animals were exposed to, says Campen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s basically where we are right now,” says Campen. “Our environmental exposure keeps going up because we’re doing nothing to stop it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019245\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019245\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_3-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1058\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_3-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_3-copy-800x529.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_3-copy-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_3-copy-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_3-copy-1536x1016.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Examples of plastic trash found on the shore of the Thames Estuary in 2018 in Rainham, Kent. Once in the environment, plastic gradually degrades into smaller and smaller microplastics, which can find their way into the food chain and the air we breathe. \u003ccite>(Dan Kitwood/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>3. What do microplastics do once they get inside our bodies?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Instead of passing through us, some particles move across the thin membrane lining our gut and eventually find their way into the bloodstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Size makes a big difference here, Prata says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The larger particle will be less likely to cross the biological barrier, but we cannot say that it will never cross,” she says. “You can just say it’s less probable. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brander says there’s still debate about the exact size cutoff, in part because that can also depend on the shape of the particle. For example, a long skinny microfiber might be able to sneak through the barrier in our gut more easily than other pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airborne plastics — particularly common indoors — can also be inhaled. Larger particles are expected to be filtered out to some extent, perhaps snagged in our nose or coughed up. Only the most “ultrafine” pieces will reach the deepest parts of the lungs where they can enter the circulatory system, says Leslie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once absorbed into our bloodstream, microplastics and nanoplastics tend to be quickly coated in proteins and fats, creating a corona, or crown-like appearance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then it’s essentially going on a trip around your body,” Leslie says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their exact itinerary remains unclear. But Brander says research on animals has long shown that microplastics can move all over. The same is probably true for humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These foreign travelers seem to find a home in many organs, as well as bodily fluids like \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/13/2700\">breast milk\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38802004/\">semen\u003c/a>. They can \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10141840/\">even cross\u003c/a> the blood-brain barrier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very unlikely that they’re actually metabolized into anything because these are solid particles,” says Walker. “So they would be difficult to break down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our immune system \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/490794220\">can’t dispatch\u003c/a> these bits of plastic as it would other foreign invaders like bacteria. Immune cells, known as macrophages, will release enzymes that do their best to attack these particles, but the “plastic doesn’t mind at all,” says Leslie. “It remains intact and becomes like a stubborn opponent for your immune system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether microplastics pile up in certain organs more than others remains a big unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campen and his team suspect the liver is on the “frontline,” doing its best to deal with this debris and push it back into the gut with digestive fluids. Their hypothesis is that smaller plastics like nanoplastics slip through the cracks and are repackaged with fats and circulated throughout the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \u003cem>could\u003c/em> mean that microplastics build up in organs with greater energy needs, such as the brain, where Campen’s \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38765967/\">lab has documented\u003c/a> higher concentrations than in other organs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019246\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019246\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_2-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_2-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_2-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_2-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_2-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn_2-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plastic trash gradually degrades into tiny particles that spread around the environment and ultimately into human bodies. \u003ccite>(Alistair Berg/Digital Vision/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>4. Are they harming us?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t have definitive answers yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans encounter many pollutants over our lifetime. And given that researchers are still sorting out the best models for analyzing microplastics, many are cautious not to get ahead of the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, several recent studies have raised troubling warning signs. They’ve shown associations — not a direct causal link — between the accumulation of microplastics and health problems in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One that gained attention \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2309822\">earlier this year came\u003c/a> from Italian researchers who found that people with microplastics in the plaques in their arteries were more likely to have a heart attack, stroke or to die. Some small studies have found higher levels in people with \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34935363/\">inflammatory bowel disease\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35835713/\">liver disease\u003c/a>. The review published this week from UCSF also included observational research linking microplastics to reproductive health and chronic sinusitis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the concern comes from lab studies involving animals or cell lines — scientists observed toxic effects of microplastics on the cellular and molecular levels. The “next puzzle piece” is now to figure out how this research translates to health outcomes for an individual or a whole population, says Leslie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brander points to evidence that microplastics \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11117644/\">lead to oxidative stress,\u003c/a> which can damage proteins and genetic materials, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000702\">spark inflammation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that’s happening in fish and in rodents in experiments that are being peer-reviewed and published, it’s probably happening in us too,” says Brander. “We just haven’t demonstrated it yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This body of research suggests fertility problems, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389424006332\">neurological diseases\u003c/a>, harms to metabolism and the immune system, and changes that signal increased risk of cancer, among other effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are potential effects because of the mechanisms we know about,” says Prata.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can only extrapolate so much from these studies. For example, the doses given to animals in a lab may be much larger than what humans are ingesting and may not reflect the “wild” microplastics we encounter in our daily lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of clear data, Leslie says it can be tempting to make microplastics the “culprit for every disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d like to get to the truth of the matter,” she says. “I have the feeling that sometimes we might be blaming plastics for things that they shouldn’t be blamed for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the UCSF analysis, the suggested link with cancer was mostly based on animal research, but Woodruff says this is “standard” for identifying cancer risks and can still be considered high-quality evidence. “In the field of environmental health, when we have concerning signals, we should be concerned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019247\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plastics and micro plastics of different shapes and colors are laid on the fine sand of the Grand Crohot beach in Lege-Cap-Ferret in New Aquitaine in France on April 29, 2019. \u003ccite>(Vincent Feuray/Hans Lucas/Hans Lucas via AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>5. What about the chemicals in plastics — are they hazardous?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Chemicals added to plastics represent another threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these can mess with hormones, affect reproductive health, increase the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pfas/our-current-understanding-human-health-and-environmental-risks-pfas\">risk of some cancers\u003c/a> and cause \u003ca href=\"https://environment.ec.europa.eu/news/exposure-chemicals-plastic-and-other-sources-possible-causal-factor-obesity-2022-11-30_en\">metabolic problems\u003c/a> like obesity, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phthalates and bisphenol A, or BPA, are two of the most well-studied examples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PFAS, also known as “forever chemicals,” are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/04/10/1243775736/epa-pfas-forever-chemicals-drinking-water-limits\">also gaining attention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in reality, Brander says there are more than 16,000 \u003ca href=\"https://ikhapp.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/SCEPT_Policy_Brief_chemicals_polymers_of_concern_en.pdf\">chemicals used or found in plastics\u003c/a>, about a quarter of which are known to be “hazardous” and many of the others are not well studied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s s\u003cem>ubstantial\u003c/em> evidence that many of these chemicals cause disease,” says Brander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists worry microplastics could potentially act as “as long-term sources of plastic-related chemicals in your body,” says Walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the uncertainties, Brander believes there’s enough evidence to take collective action to limit our exposure to microplastics, both in our lives and on a policy level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019248\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019248\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists say we can reduce our exposure to microplastics to some extent by avoiding single-use plastic and plastic food packaging, among other measures. \u003ccite>(Peter Dazeley/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>6. How can we reduce our exposure to microplastics?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists are still investigating the biggest sources of microplastics in our daily lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, the task of reducing your exposure shouldn’t fall entirely on the individual. But the fact is policy changes — such as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/03/nx-s1-5214556/more-than-150-countries-failed-to-agree-on-a-plan-to-cut-plastic-pollution\">global plastics treaty\u003c/a> — aren’t going to happen overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here’s how you can get started in reducing your own exposure: Eliminate single-use plastic as much as you can, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2024/12/01/single-use-plastics-reuse-risk/\">don’t reuse these items\u003c/a>. Cut back on foods that come in plastic packaging or cans that have plastic linings. \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-023-25433-7\">Aim for shorter\u003c/a> dishwasher cycles, with fewer plastic items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never cook your food in plastic,” says Brander. “The heat will drive those particles and more of those chemicals into your food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadly, this applies to your to-go cup of coffee, which is often lined with polyethylene. When possible, buy cleaning products, both for your household and hygiene, that don’t come in plastic containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider investing in a \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10054062/\">filter for tap water\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our clothing can also shed a lot of microplastics, which is why Leslie tries to wear fabrics like wool and linen. When you have a choice, avoid synthetic materials in your rugs and furniture, too. Dust can carry microplastics, which you may breathe in. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S026974912201171X?via%3Dihub\">Research suggests\u003c/a> vacuuming can help limit what’s in your house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concentration of these particles \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-023-00634-x\">indoors is greater\u003c/a> than outdoors, so try to keep windows open and improve ventilation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leslie’s philosophy? There’s only so much you can control, so “don’t feel guilty” about using plastics — just try to limit your use when possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can just experiment with saying no to what you don’t want,” she says. “The resistance to plastic pollution is in our noncompliance. I’m going to keep on doing just that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "‘The Storm Door Is Open’: Bay Area Braces for Days of Rain, but a Clear Christmas",
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"content": "\u003cp>Forecasters expect four back-to-back storms to hit the Bay Area starting Saturday, potentially complicating \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11937204/lake-tahoe-weather-forecast-road-conditions-snow-chains\">holiday travel\u003c/a>. But there is one ray of sunshine: The National Weather Service suggests Christmas Day could dawn clear skies for most of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“However, the return of the rain isn’t too far off, and the day after Christmas, we will start to see another potentially impactful storm system,” said Dial Hoang, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heaviest rain will be in the North Bay, where two small storms could each dump as much as an inch and a half of rain this weekend. Most of the region will see around a quarter of an inch of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The storm door is opening,” Hoang said. “Rainfall over the weekend will only increase flooding concerns throughout the North Bay and, to a lesser extent, the rest of the region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service warns holiday travelers to take caution through the weekend and next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re traveling for the holiday, be prepared for wet roads and give yourself some extra time to get where you need to go,” said Cynthia Palmer, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the first two storms don’t appear to have much flood potential, the weather service’s outlook suggests the systems will saturate soils, priming the region for potential flooding during the second and third storms next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11937204 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/GettyImages-1244621245_qut-672x372.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soils approach saturation, it is more likely that trees will fall, mud and rock will slide, and creeks and streams will rise,” weather forecasters wrote in the outlook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service is monitoring several waterways for flooding: the Russian River, the Napa River, the Guadalupe River, the San Lorenzo River and the Carmel River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first two storms are going to be nice little soakers for the area, but the storm that could have more significant rainfall starts Monday,” Palmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third storm starting Monday could drop 2 1/2 inches of rain, and a fourth storm beginning late Wednesday could drop as much as 3 1/2 inches. Palmer said she isn’t comfortable characterizing next week’s storms as atmospheric rivers but said they will have “more moisture on tap” than the first two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also expects winds to increase with the passage of each system, with gusts of up to 45 mph at higher elevations. The weather service has also issued a high surf advisory from 6 a.m. Saturday through 4 p.m. Sunday, and a potential high surf warning for large breaking waves on Monday and Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the rest of the month and into early January, Palmer said there’s a high chance of above-normal precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the better part of the next two weeks, we could potentially be wet, so just be ready,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Forecasters expect four back-to-back storms to hit the Bay Area starting Saturday, potentially complicating \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11937204/lake-tahoe-weather-forecast-road-conditions-snow-chains\">holiday travel\u003c/a>. But there is one ray of sunshine: The National Weather Service suggests Christmas Day could dawn clear skies for most of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“However, the return of the rain isn’t too far off, and the day after Christmas, we will start to see another potentially impactful storm system,” said Dial Hoang, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heaviest rain will be in the North Bay, where two small storms could each dump as much as an inch and a half of rain this weekend. Most of the region will see around a quarter of an inch of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The storm door is opening,” Hoang said. “Rainfall over the weekend will only increase flooding concerns throughout the North Bay and, to a lesser extent, the rest of the region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service warns holiday travelers to take caution through the weekend and next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re traveling for the holiday, be prepared for wet roads and give yourself some extra time to get where you need to go,” said Cynthia Palmer, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the first two storms don’t appear to have much flood potential, the weather service’s outlook suggests the systems will saturate soils, priming the region for potential flooding during the second and third storms next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soils approach saturation, it is more likely that trees will fall, mud and rock will slide, and creeks and streams will rise,” weather forecasters wrote in the outlook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service is monitoring several waterways for flooding: the Russian River, the Napa River, the Guadalupe River, the San Lorenzo River and the Carmel River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first two storms are going to be nice little soakers for the area, but the storm that could have more significant rainfall starts Monday,” Palmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third storm starting Monday could drop 2 1/2 inches of rain, and a fourth storm beginning late Wednesday could drop as much as 3 1/2 inches. Palmer said she isn’t comfortable characterizing next week’s storms as atmospheric rivers but said they will have “more moisture on tap” than the first two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also expects winds to increase with the passage of each system, with gusts of up to 45 mph at higher elevations. The weather service has also issued a high surf advisory from 6 a.m. Saturday through 4 p.m. Sunday, and a potential high surf warning for large breaking waves on Monday and Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the rest of the month and into early January, Palmer said there’s a high chance of above-normal precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the better part of the next two weeks, we could potentially be wet, so just be ready,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "cal-academy-adds-over-100-new-species-to-the-library-of-life-in-2024",
"title": "Cal Academy Adds Over 100 New Species to the Library of Life in 2024",
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"headTitle": "Cal Academy Adds Over 100 New Species to the Library of Life in 2024 | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Researchers at the California Academy of Sciences have unveiled a list of all the new animal, plant and fungi species that they added to the Library of Life in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new species include a pygmy pipehorse camouflaged in sponges found off the coast of South Africa, an edible and endangered Oaxacan dahlia that looks like a succulent, and 136 other fishes, leaf bugs, worms, sea slugs, spiders, ghost sharks and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/press/releases/california-academy-of-sciences-describes-138-new-species-in-2024\">These discoveries\u003c/a> expand our understanding of Earth’s biodiversity. Below, KQED has compiled a list of some of the most eye-catching of the new plants and critters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A damselfish from the twilight zone\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019046\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019046\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_%C2%A9-Luiz-Rocha.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_©-Luiz-Rocha.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_©-Luiz-Rocha-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_©-Luiz-Rocha-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_©-Luiz-Rocha-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_©-Luiz-Rocha-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_©-Luiz-Rocha-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chromis abadhah pictured in Faadhippolhu Atoll, Maldives. \u003ccite>(Luiz Rocha/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists found \u003ca href=\"https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/126777/\">Chromis abadhah\u003c/a>, a stunning, milky white damselfish in the Maldives’ mesophotic coral reefs, which lie between 100 and 500 feet beneath the ocean surface – what researchers call the twilight zone. It is one of 35 species of fish the Academy discovered this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This opalescent fish brings attention to the beauty — and vulnerability — of this deep zone of the ocean, said Academy Ichthyology Curator Luiz Rocha.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really pretty fish. The minute we saw it when we were diving, even before we collected a specimen, we knew it was a new species just because of how distinctive the color was,” Rocha said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocha and his collaborators chose to name the damselfish with the epithet “abadhah,” which means “perpetual” in Dhivehi, the language of the Maldives. It is meant to honor the commitment to finding solutions to the planet’s environmental challenges through science and innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s really important to give these [new] species names,” Rocha said. It makes it a lot easier to learn more about how to protect their habitats, he added. “Otherwise, we’re going to lose them even before we know what’s there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019047\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1542px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019047\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/sponge-goby-%C2%A9-Mark-erdmann.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1542\" height=\"734\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/sponge-goby-©-Mark-erdmann.png 1542w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/sponge-goby-©-Mark-erdmann-800x381.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/sponge-goby-©-Mark-erdmann-1020x486.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/sponge-goby-©-Mark-erdmann-160x76.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/sponge-goby-©-Mark-erdmann-1536x731.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1542px) 100vw, 1542px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This new sponge-dwelling goby (Bathygobius mero) can be found across Indonesia, the Philippines and Australia. \u003ccite>(Mark Erdmann/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A sponge-dwelling goby found in Indonesia and a deep-sea ghost shark in the South Pacific were other fish species researchers at the Academy described this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>South African pygmy pipehorse\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 980px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019048\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/PygmyPipeHorse.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"980\" height=\"702\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/PygmyPipeHorse.jpg 980w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/PygmyPipeHorse-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/PygmyPipeHorse-160x115.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New-to-science pygmy pipehorse Cylix nkosi photographed in Sodwana Bay, South Africa. \u003ccite>(Richard Smith/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The pygmy pipehorse Cylix nkosi was discovered off South Africa’s rugged coast. These tiny, elusive creatures — no bigger than a golf tee — camouflage among sponges on the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists found the genus of this pipehorse originally in the cool temperate waters surrounding the North Island of New Zealand. But this new species was discovered in the subtropical waters off the coast of South Africa, officially expanding the known range of this group into the Indian Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We heard about an unfamiliar species from local divers in South Africa’s Sodwana Bay, so we suspected we’d find something new,” said Richard Smith, an Academy research associate. “We examined a single male specimen from the \u003ca href=\"https://saiab.ac.za/\">South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity\u003c/a> collection — which had remained unidentified since it was collected in 1987 — to complete the study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The species’ name, “nkosi,” honors its crown-like head and the Zulu word for “chief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The endangered and edible Dahlia from Oaxaca\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019049\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 960px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019049\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Dahlia-gypsicola.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Dahlia-gypsicola.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Dahlia-gypsicola-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Dahlia-gypsicola-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This new species of dahlia, Dahlia gypsicola, was found in the nutrient-poor gypsum outcrops of Mexico’s Sierra Madre del Sur mountains. \u003ccite>(Arturo Castro-Castro/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The critically endangered \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378894126_Another_new_species_of_the_genus_Dahlia_Asteraceae_Coreopsideae_are_we_close_to_knowing_its_total_diversity\">Dahlia gypsicola\u003c/a> species grows in Oaxaca, Mexico, where nutrient-poor gypsum soils challenge most plants. Its semi-succulent leaves and thick roots have adapted to survive these harsh conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This discovery confirms a geographic pattern of species richness, as it highlights Oaxaca as the center of biodiversity and draws our attention to the areas of Mexico that we must continue to explore,” Arturo Castro-Castro, co-author and collaborating researcher on the study, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It also contributes to Mexico’s rich biocultural heritage, as the roots and flowers of many dahlia species are edible,” Castro-Castro added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The leaves of Dahlia gypsicola, which are semi-succulent and aromatic, are consumed as a raw quelite [wild, edible greens] by the inhabitants of San Sebastián Tecomaxtlahuaca and Santiago Juxtlahuaca in the Mixteca Region of Oaxaca.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Marine worms add to the Museum of Life\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Academy’s invertebrate zoology collection manager, Christina Piotrowski, co-authored a \u003ca href=\"https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5548.1.1\">paper describing eight distinct species of marine worms\u003c/a> that, until now, were taxonomically lumped together. These small, segmented worms play essential roles in marine ecosystems, recycling nutrients and supporting biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By analyzing DNA data and studying museum specimens from populations around the world, Piotrowski and her collaborators were able to characterize different species of the Iphione group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019050\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019050\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Murphydoris polkadotsa sea slug. \u003ccite>(California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These museums, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/invertebrate-zoology-geology\">Academy’s Invertebrate Zoology Collection\u003c/a>, function collectively as a library of the planet’s biodiversity, allowing scientists to make new discoveries and test new theories about species definitions and boundaries,” Piotrowski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to learn as much as we can more rapidly because some of these habitats are in peril right now due to changes in the natural environments and climate issues such as warming waters.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Researchers at the California Academy of Sciences have unveiled a list of 138 new animal, plant and fungi species they noted in 2024.",
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"title": "Cal Academy Adds Over 100 New Species to the Library of Life in 2024 | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers at the California Academy of Sciences have unveiled a list of all the new animal, plant and fungi species that they added to the Library of Life in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new species include a pygmy pipehorse camouflaged in sponges found off the coast of South Africa, an edible and endangered Oaxacan dahlia that looks like a succulent, and 136 other fishes, leaf bugs, worms, sea slugs, spiders, ghost sharks and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/press/releases/california-academy-of-sciences-describes-138-new-species-in-2024\">These discoveries\u003c/a> expand our understanding of Earth’s biodiversity. Below, KQED has compiled a list of some of the most eye-catching of the new plants and critters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A damselfish from the twilight zone\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019046\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019046\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_%C2%A9-Luiz-Rocha.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_©-Luiz-Rocha.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_©-Luiz-Rocha-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_©-Luiz-Rocha-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_©-Luiz-Rocha-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_©-Luiz-Rocha-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Chromis_abadhah_©-Luiz-Rocha-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chromis abadhah pictured in Faadhippolhu Atoll, Maldives. \u003ccite>(Luiz Rocha/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists found \u003ca href=\"https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/126777/\">Chromis abadhah\u003c/a>, a stunning, milky white damselfish in the Maldives’ mesophotic coral reefs, which lie between 100 and 500 feet beneath the ocean surface – what researchers call the twilight zone. It is one of 35 species of fish the Academy discovered this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This opalescent fish brings attention to the beauty — and vulnerability — of this deep zone of the ocean, said Academy Ichthyology Curator Luiz Rocha.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really pretty fish. The minute we saw it when we were diving, even before we collected a specimen, we knew it was a new species just because of how distinctive the color was,” Rocha said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocha and his collaborators chose to name the damselfish with the epithet “abadhah,” which means “perpetual” in Dhivehi, the language of the Maldives. It is meant to honor the commitment to finding solutions to the planet’s environmental challenges through science and innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s really important to give these [new] species names,” Rocha said. It makes it a lot easier to learn more about how to protect their habitats, he added. “Otherwise, we’re going to lose them even before we know what’s there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019047\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1542px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019047\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/sponge-goby-%C2%A9-Mark-erdmann.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1542\" height=\"734\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/sponge-goby-©-Mark-erdmann.png 1542w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/sponge-goby-©-Mark-erdmann-800x381.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/sponge-goby-©-Mark-erdmann-1020x486.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/sponge-goby-©-Mark-erdmann-160x76.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/sponge-goby-©-Mark-erdmann-1536x731.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1542px) 100vw, 1542px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This new sponge-dwelling goby (Bathygobius mero) can be found across Indonesia, the Philippines and Australia. \u003ccite>(Mark Erdmann/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A sponge-dwelling goby found in Indonesia and a deep-sea ghost shark in the South Pacific were other fish species researchers at the Academy described this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>South African pygmy pipehorse\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 980px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019048\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/PygmyPipeHorse.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"980\" height=\"702\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/PygmyPipeHorse.jpg 980w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/PygmyPipeHorse-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/PygmyPipeHorse-160x115.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New-to-science pygmy pipehorse Cylix nkosi photographed in Sodwana Bay, South Africa. \u003ccite>(Richard Smith/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The pygmy pipehorse Cylix nkosi was discovered off South Africa’s rugged coast. These tiny, elusive creatures — no bigger than a golf tee — camouflage among sponges on the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists found the genus of this pipehorse originally in the cool temperate waters surrounding the North Island of New Zealand. But this new species was discovered in the subtropical waters off the coast of South Africa, officially expanding the known range of this group into the Indian Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We heard about an unfamiliar species from local divers in South Africa’s Sodwana Bay, so we suspected we’d find something new,” said Richard Smith, an Academy research associate. “We examined a single male specimen from the \u003ca href=\"https://saiab.ac.za/\">South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity\u003c/a> collection — which had remained unidentified since it was collected in 1987 — to complete the study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The species’ name, “nkosi,” honors its crown-like head and the Zulu word for “chief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The endangered and edible Dahlia from Oaxaca\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019049\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 960px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019049\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Dahlia-gypsicola.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Dahlia-gypsicola.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Dahlia-gypsicola-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Dahlia-gypsicola-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This new species of dahlia, Dahlia gypsicola, was found in the nutrient-poor gypsum outcrops of Mexico’s Sierra Madre del Sur mountains. \u003ccite>(Arturo Castro-Castro/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The critically endangered \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378894126_Another_new_species_of_the_genus_Dahlia_Asteraceae_Coreopsideae_are_we_close_to_knowing_its_total_diversity\">Dahlia gypsicola\u003c/a> species grows in Oaxaca, Mexico, where nutrient-poor gypsum soils challenge most plants. Its semi-succulent leaves and thick roots have adapted to survive these harsh conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This discovery confirms a geographic pattern of species richness, as it highlights Oaxaca as the center of biodiversity and draws our attention to the areas of Mexico that we must continue to explore,” Arturo Castro-Castro, co-author and collaborating researcher on the study, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It also contributes to Mexico’s rich biocultural heritage, as the roots and flowers of many dahlia species are edible,” Castro-Castro added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The leaves of Dahlia gypsicola, which are semi-succulent and aromatic, are consumed as a raw quelite [wild, edible greens] by the inhabitants of San Sebastián Tecomaxtlahuaca and Santiago Juxtlahuaca in the Mixteca Region of Oaxaca.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Marine worms add to the Museum of Life\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Academy’s invertebrate zoology collection manager, Christina Piotrowski, co-authored a \u003ca href=\"https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5548.1.1\">paper describing eight distinct species of marine worms\u003c/a> that, until now, were taxonomically lumped together. These small, segmented worms play essential roles in marine ecosystems, recycling nutrients and supporting biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By analyzing DNA data and studying museum specimens from populations around the world, Piotrowski and her collaborators were able to characterize different species of the Iphione group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019050\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019050\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Murphydoris-polkadotsa-R0044163-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Murphydoris polkadotsa sea slug. \u003ccite>(California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These museums, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/invertebrate-zoology-geology\">Academy’s Invertebrate Zoology Collection\u003c/a>, function collectively as a library of the planet’s biodiversity, allowing scientists to make new discoveries and test new theories about species definitions and boundaries,” Piotrowski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to learn as much as we can more rapidly because some of these habitats are in peril right now due to changes in the natural environments and climate issues such as warming waters.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Remembering Khalid Waajid, Who Documented 40 Years of Black Muslim Life in Oakland",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969759\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1284px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969759\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/467638887_18259968679264145_7903251345996063142_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1284\" height=\"1284\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/467638887_18259968679264145_7903251345996063142_n.jpg 1284w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/467638887_18259968679264145_7903251345996063142_n-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/467638887_18259968679264145_7903251345996063142_n-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/467638887_18259968679264145_7903251345996063142_n-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/467638887_18259968679264145_7903251345996063142_n-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1284px) 100vw, 1284px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After surviving a police shooting in 1974, Khalid Waajid dedicated himself to documenting the Bay Area’s African American Muslim community. \u003ccite>(Abdullah Sabir)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My correspondence with Brother Khalid Waajid began in 2019, a few years after he sent me an archived \u003cem>Muhammad Speaks\u003c/em> newspaper article about a Berkeley police shooting he’d been the victim of in 1974. I read the article and looked at the photos, in which Khalid (then named Larry “3X” Crosby) lay on the concrete after being shot three times. The article and photos reminded me of countless incidents of contemporary police brutality against African Americans, but unlike many of those tragic cases, Brother Khalid survived. I saw him throughout my childhood and life, always in his wheelchair, smiling jovially with a mini-DV camera in his hand, recording the Masjid Waritheen community in East Oakland. At the Oakland premiere of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13844441/behind-the-lens-nijla-mumin\">my feature film \u003cem>Jinn\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, he attended and embraced me with open arms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I began to wonder about his journey through early life, the Nation of Islam, that police shooting, Orthodox Islam and then as a videographer, archivist and documentarian of the Muslim community in the Bay Area. After he sent me that \u003cem>Muhammad Speaks\u003c/em> newspaper article about the police shooting that left him paralyzed, I asked him if he’d be interested in sitting down for a short documentary interview on his life. He was excited and receptive to the idea, and we’d planned to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969732\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1125px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969732\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0649.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1125\" height=\"788\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0649.jpeg 1125w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0649-800x560.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0649-1020x714.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0649-160x112.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0649-768x538.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khalid Wajeed (center) with Muhammad Ali (left) in Chicago in 1975. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bilal Mustafa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But over the course of the next several years, we never got to sit down for that documentary interview, though we kept in contact. Life swung us all in unimaginable directions through the COVID-19 pandemic. When I learned of Brother Khalid’s recent passing at age 75, I sat on the phone with my father, frozen with sadness. I also reflected on his legacy of communal preservation. In our current political climate, where Islamophobia and hatred have become parts of daily life, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@waajidsvideo/videos\">Brother Khalid’s videos\u003c/a> remind us of the beauty, perseverance and light that we carry. Because of his steadfast documentation, the Muslim community’s presence in the greater Bay Area will never be erased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969733\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1575px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969733\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1575\" height=\"1939\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644.jpeg 1575w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644-800x985.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644-1020x1256.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644-160x197.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644-768x945.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644-1248x1536.jpeg 1248w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1575px) 100vw, 1575px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khalid Waajid as young man in the Nation of Islam. His hat says FOI, which means Fruit of Islam. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bilal Mustafa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For four decades, Khalid filmed major community events during times of celebration, grief and everything in between. “He was doing it on his own,” says his close friend Abdul Raoof Nasir, a Muslim Sheikh. “He would make a short film on someone who died. He would make a short film on [celebrations like] the Evening of Elegance. He would do those things, and I don’t know if he was ever paid. All of this was done as volunteer work. He was quite phenomenal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brother Khalid was an artist from an early age: His first love was architecture, but his white teacher steered him towards graphic design. While a student at Laney College, he became interested in media studies and videography, strengthening these passions throughout his life. He began documenting his life as a young member of the Black Panther Party in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enHSTxXewd0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nasir recalls that Khalid came into the Nation of Islam (NOI) in 1968. Inspired by his late mother’s memory and wanting to do good things in life, Khalid began attending the Nation’s main Temple #26 in San Francisco, which at that time, was the largest temple in the Bay Area before one was built in Oakland. Many African Americans in the Bay Area, including Brother Khalid, Nasir and my own father Saleem, were inspired by the teachings of the NOI, which stressed economic self-reliance, self-respect, entrepreneurship and upliftment for the Black community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous members of the NOI sold \u003cem>Muhammad Speaks\u003c/em> newspapers, whiting fish and bean pies at low prices to surrounding communities in Oakland and Berkeley. Brother Khalid was on the fish crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969727\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 928px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969727\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0645.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"928\" height=\"1389\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0645.jpeg 928w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0645-800x1197.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0645-160x239.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0645-768x1150.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 928px) 100vw, 928px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khalid Waajid selling ‘Muhammad Speaks’ newspapers as a young man sometime between 1968 and 1973. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bilal Mustafa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the time, Italians controlled the fish business, and NOI fishmongers faced discrimination. “We used to get harassed while we were trying to make a living, help our people and give them good food at a low price. The police would stop us almost every day,” Brother Khalid shared in an interview with a young Muslim student named Ameir Strong Jamerson Ali and his father Shomari Ali in March 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day, Brother Khalid was riding in a NOI fish van through Berkeley with three other Muslims. A police officer stopped them as they rolled into North Oakland, asking for their selling permit and license, which they presented. The police officer demanded they get out of the van, and a scuffle ensued. Brother Khalid attempted to stop the police officer from shooting one of the other men, and tried to grab the gun from him. He was shot three times in the back, paralyzing him from the waist down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969730\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1093px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969730\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0633.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1093\" height=\"1162\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0633.jpeg 1093w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0633-800x851.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0633-1020x1084.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0633-160x170.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0633-768x816.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1093px) 100vw, 1093px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An archival photo of Khalid Wajeed after he was shot by Berkeley Police in 1974. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bilal Mustafa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In that same interview, Khalid said he tried to grab the officer’s gun because when he was young, he witnessed an act of violence against his mother, and he always felt he should’ve done something to protect her, though he couldn’t. At that moment, he didn’t want the police officer to harm his Muslim brother. After the shooting, the police charged him with assaulting an officer, but the Nation of Islam countersued the police for shooting and paralyzing Khalid. The case against him and the other men lasted for several years, and eventually Khalid accepted a lesser charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is what we have to be aware of as Blacks, as Afro-Americans: Anytime we start to try to build a community for ourselves, they find an opportunity to harass us,” Khalid said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969731\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969731\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1611\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b-800x1074.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b-1020x1369.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b-160x215.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b-768x1031.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b-1144x1536.jpg 1144w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A ‘Muhammad Speaks’ newspaper article about the police shooting Khalid Wajeed survived in 1974.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Around 1976, there was a large migration of African Americans in the Nation of Islam to Orthodox Sunni Islam, led by Elijah Muhammad’s son, Warith Deen Muhammad. Khalid, Abdul Raoof Nasir and my father were a part of that migration, and Masjid Waritheen in East Oakland became a haven for that community. (This is the masjid I was later born into.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the ’80s, Khalid and his camera were a regular presence at milestones and gatherings. In 1980, he filmed Nasir teaching Arabic to inmates at San Quentin Prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_x8QCtJXfE&t=2913s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He captured interviews with festive party-goers at the 5th Annual Evening of Elegance in 1987, an annual event of fashion, music and celebration for the Masjid Waritheen community. My father speaks at the 1:19 mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4c1SP2uE7uU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brother Khalid stayed active with his filmmaking practice until the end of his life. “Always at the forefront of technology, I would see Brother Khalid at community events and gatherings with a camera or a drone flying through the air,” recalled photographer and visual artist Amir Aziz, who I had enlisted for my would-be documentary interview about Khalid’s life. “Brother Khalid shows a sincere interest in [people’s] lives. … I’ve always admired his openness and storytelling ability, which shows in his treasure trove of moments through the ages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, he recorded a panel that I spoke on at the Islamic Scholarship Fund annual banquet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsKuGkOfK4s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, he filmed Masjid Waritheen’s food giveaway for houseless people during Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0u2NDyteYs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And at the end of Ramadan, he filmed the colorful, vibrant festivities of Eid al-Fitr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRk3Kotba9s&t=1094s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I saw Brother Khalid at that scholarship banquet in 2023, he greeted me with the same warmth and zeal he’d always shown, and we took a photo together. That was the last time I saw him. When I learned of his passing, a deep pain vibrated through my body. But as I watched his videos and learned more about his life, I felt a deep sense of appreciation. His work as a disabled artist shows us that it is never too late to fulfill one’s dreams, and to build a legacy that endures for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Oakland and the Bay Area continue to undergo waves of redevelopment and gentrification, Brother Khalid’s videography and documentation allows us to revisit, reclaim and celebrate our legacy as African American Muslims. His work encourages us to become the authors of our own stories and images, instead of relying on outside entities to define us and our humanity. When I watch the videos on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@waajidsvideo/videos\">his Youtube page\u003c/a>, I feel seen. This was Brother Khalid’s gift to us. I will always remember him.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969759\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1284px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969759\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/467638887_18259968679264145_7903251345996063142_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1284\" height=\"1284\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/467638887_18259968679264145_7903251345996063142_n.jpg 1284w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/467638887_18259968679264145_7903251345996063142_n-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/467638887_18259968679264145_7903251345996063142_n-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/467638887_18259968679264145_7903251345996063142_n-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/467638887_18259968679264145_7903251345996063142_n-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1284px) 100vw, 1284px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After surviving a police shooting in 1974, Khalid Waajid dedicated himself to documenting the Bay Area’s African American Muslim community. \u003ccite>(Abdullah Sabir)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My correspondence with Brother Khalid Waajid began in 2019, a few years after he sent me an archived \u003cem>Muhammad Speaks\u003c/em> newspaper article about a Berkeley police shooting he’d been the victim of in 1974. I read the article and looked at the photos, in which Khalid (then named Larry “3X” Crosby) lay on the concrete after being shot three times. The article and photos reminded me of countless incidents of contemporary police brutality against African Americans, but unlike many of those tragic cases, Brother Khalid survived. I saw him throughout my childhood and life, always in his wheelchair, smiling jovially with a mini-DV camera in his hand, recording the Masjid Waritheen community in East Oakland. At the Oakland premiere of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13844441/behind-the-lens-nijla-mumin\">my feature film \u003cem>Jinn\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, he attended and embraced me with open arms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I began to wonder about his journey through early life, the Nation of Islam, that police shooting, Orthodox Islam and then as a videographer, archivist and documentarian of the Muslim community in the Bay Area. After he sent me that \u003cem>Muhammad Speaks\u003c/em> newspaper article about the police shooting that left him paralyzed, I asked him if he’d be interested in sitting down for a short documentary interview on his life. He was excited and receptive to the idea, and we’d planned to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969732\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1125px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969732\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0649.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1125\" height=\"788\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0649.jpeg 1125w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0649-800x560.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0649-1020x714.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0649-160x112.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0649-768x538.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khalid Wajeed (center) with Muhammad Ali (left) in Chicago in 1975. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bilal Mustafa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But over the course of the next several years, we never got to sit down for that documentary interview, though we kept in contact. Life swung us all in unimaginable directions through the COVID-19 pandemic. When I learned of Brother Khalid’s recent passing at age 75, I sat on the phone with my father, frozen with sadness. I also reflected on his legacy of communal preservation. In our current political climate, where Islamophobia and hatred have become parts of daily life, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@waajidsvideo/videos\">Brother Khalid’s videos\u003c/a> remind us of the beauty, perseverance and light that we carry. Because of his steadfast documentation, the Muslim community’s presence in the greater Bay Area will never be erased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969733\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1575px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969733\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1575\" height=\"1939\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644.jpeg 1575w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644-800x985.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644-1020x1256.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644-160x197.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644-768x945.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0644-1248x1536.jpeg 1248w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1575px) 100vw, 1575px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khalid Waajid as young man in the Nation of Islam. His hat says FOI, which means Fruit of Islam. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bilal Mustafa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For four decades, Khalid filmed major community events during times of celebration, grief and everything in between. “He was doing it on his own,” says his close friend Abdul Raoof Nasir, a Muslim Sheikh. “He would make a short film on someone who died. He would make a short film on [celebrations like] the Evening of Elegance. He would do those things, and I don’t know if he was ever paid. All of this was done as volunteer work. He was quite phenomenal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brother Khalid was an artist from an early age: His first love was architecture, but his white teacher steered him towards graphic design. While a student at Laney College, he became interested in media studies and videography, strengthening these passions throughout his life. He began documenting his life as a young member of the Black Panther Party in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/enHSTxXewd0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/enHSTxXewd0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Nasir recalls that Khalid came into the Nation of Islam (NOI) in 1968. Inspired by his late mother’s memory and wanting to do good things in life, Khalid began attending the Nation’s main Temple #26 in San Francisco, which at that time, was the largest temple in the Bay Area before one was built in Oakland. Many African Americans in the Bay Area, including Brother Khalid, Nasir and my own father Saleem, were inspired by the teachings of the NOI, which stressed economic self-reliance, self-respect, entrepreneurship and upliftment for the Black community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous members of the NOI sold \u003cem>Muhammad Speaks\u003c/em> newspapers, whiting fish and bean pies at low prices to surrounding communities in Oakland and Berkeley. Brother Khalid was on the fish crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969727\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 928px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969727\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0645.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"928\" height=\"1389\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0645.jpeg 928w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0645-800x1197.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0645-160x239.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0645-768x1150.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 928px) 100vw, 928px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khalid Waajid selling ‘Muhammad Speaks’ newspapers as a young man sometime between 1968 and 1973. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bilal Mustafa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the time, Italians controlled the fish business, and NOI fishmongers faced discrimination. “We used to get harassed while we were trying to make a living, help our people and give them good food at a low price. The police would stop us almost every day,” Brother Khalid shared in an interview with a young Muslim student named Ameir Strong Jamerson Ali and his father Shomari Ali in March 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day, Brother Khalid was riding in a NOI fish van through Berkeley with three other Muslims. A police officer stopped them as they rolled into North Oakland, asking for their selling permit and license, which they presented. The police officer demanded they get out of the van, and a scuffle ensued. Brother Khalid attempted to stop the police officer from shooting one of the other men, and tried to grab the gun from him. He was shot three times in the back, paralyzing him from the waist down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969730\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1093px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969730\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0633.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1093\" height=\"1162\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0633.jpeg 1093w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0633-800x851.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0633-1020x1084.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0633-160x170.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/IMG_0633-768x816.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1093px) 100vw, 1093px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An archival photo of Khalid Wajeed after he was shot by Berkeley Police in 1974. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bilal Mustafa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In that same interview, Khalid said he tried to grab the officer’s gun because when he was young, he witnessed an act of violence against his mother, and he always felt he should’ve done something to protect her, though he couldn’t. At that moment, he didn’t want the police officer to harm his Muslim brother. After the shooting, the police charged him with assaulting an officer, but the Nation of Islam countersued the police for shooting and paralyzing Khalid. The case against him and the other men lasted for several years, and eventually Khalid accepted a lesser charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is what we have to be aware of as Blacks, as Afro-Americans: Anytime we start to try to build a community for ourselves, they find an opportunity to harass us,” Khalid said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13969731\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13969731\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1611\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b-800x1074.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b-1020x1369.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b-160x215.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b-768x1031.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Newspaper-1b-1144x1536.jpg 1144w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A ‘Muhammad Speaks’ newspaper article about the police shooting Khalid Wajeed survived in 1974.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Around 1976, there was a large migration of African Americans in the Nation of Islam to Orthodox Sunni Islam, led by Elijah Muhammad’s son, Warith Deen Muhammad. Khalid, Abdul Raoof Nasir and my father were a part of that migration, and Masjid Waritheen in East Oakland became a haven for that community. (This is the masjid I was later born into.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the ’80s, Khalid and his camera were a regular presence at milestones and gatherings. In 1980, he filmed Nasir teaching Arabic to inmates at San Quentin Prison.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/3_x8QCtJXfE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/3_x8QCtJXfE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>He captured interviews with festive party-goers at the 5th Annual Evening of Elegance in 1987, an annual event of fashion, music and celebration for the Masjid Waritheen community. My father speaks at the 1:19 mark.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/4c1SP2uE7uU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/4c1SP2uE7uU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Brother Khalid stayed active with his filmmaking practice until the end of his life. “Always at the forefront of technology, I would see Brother Khalid at community events and gatherings with a camera or a drone flying through the air,” recalled photographer and visual artist Amir Aziz, who I had enlisted for my would-be documentary interview about Khalid’s life. “Brother Khalid shows a sincere interest in [people’s] lives. … I’ve always admired his openness and storytelling ability, which shows in his treasure trove of moments through the ages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, he recorded a panel that I spoke on at the Islamic Scholarship Fund annual banquet.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XsKuGkOfK4s'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XsKuGkOfK4s'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Earlier this year, he filmed Masjid Waritheen’s food giveaway for houseless people during Ramadan.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/q0u2NDyteYs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/q0u2NDyteYs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>And at the end of Ramadan, he filmed the colorful, vibrant festivities of Eid al-Fitr.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/QRk3Kotba9s'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/QRk3Kotba9s'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>When I saw Brother Khalid at that scholarship banquet in 2023, he greeted me with the same warmth and zeal he’d always shown, and we took a photo together. That was the last time I saw him. When I learned of his passing, a deep pain vibrated through my body. But as I watched his videos and learned more about his life, I felt a deep sense of appreciation. His work as a disabled artist shows us that it is never too late to fulfill one’s dreams, and to build a legacy that endures for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Oakland and the Bay Area continue to undergo waves of redevelopment and gentrification, Brother Khalid’s videography and documentation allows us to revisit, reclaim and celebrate our legacy as African American Muslims. His work encourages us to become the authors of our own stories and images, instead of relying on outside entities to define us and our humanity. When I watch the videos on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@waajidsvideo/videos\">his Youtube page\u003c/a>, I feel seen. This was Brother Khalid’s gift to us. I will always remember him.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Eungie Joo, head curator of contemporary art at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/tag/sfmoma\">San Francisco Museum of Modern Art\u003c/a>, was fired on Dec. 17 for allegedly violating the museum’s workplace conduct policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In accordance with institutional policy on workplace conduct, Eungie Joo was separated from SFMOMA on December 17,” a museum spokesperson told KQED over email. “We do not comment on the specifics of personnel matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joo arrived at SFMOMA in 2017 after holding many prominent positions in the art world. Previously, she had served as director and curator of public programs at New York’s New Museum from 2007–2012. She also worked internationally, curating the Korean Pavilion of the Venice Biennale in 2009 and the Sharjah Biennial in the United Arab Emirates in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her first show at SFMOMA, Joo curated the 2019 exhibition \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13868797/soft-power-sfmoma-review\">\u003cem>SOFT POWER\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, in which 20 living, international artists under the age of 50 took on issues such as colonialism, the environment and art’s ability to influence social change. More recently, she brought in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13957410/visual-art-guide-summer-2024-galleries-museums\">site-specific installation by Kara Walker\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Fortuna and the Immortality Garden (Machine)\u003c/em>, which is on view at the museum through the spring of 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joo’s dismissal arrives in the wake of several high-profile departures from the museum. Its director of 19 years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13892466/sfmoma-director-neal-benezra-steps-down\">Neal Benezra\u003c/a>, stepped down in 2021. \u003ca href=\"https://news.artnet.com/art-world/gary-garrels-departure-sfmoma-1893964\">Garry Garrels\u003c/a>, SFMOMA’s former chief curator, resigned in 2020, after an uproar from employees over his comments about “reverse discrimination” against white men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joo did not respond to KQED’s request for comment as of press time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eungie Joo, head curator of contemporary art at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/tag/sfmoma\">San Francisco Museum of Modern Art\u003c/a>, was fired on Dec. 17 for allegedly violating the museum’s workplace conduct policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In accordance with institutional policy on workplace conduct, Eungie Joo was separated from SFMOMA on December 17,” a museum spokesperson told KQED over email. “We do not comment on the specifics of personnel matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joo arrived at SFMOMA in 2017 after holding many prominent positions in the art world. Previously, she had served as director and curator of public programs at New York’s New Museum from 2007–2012. She also worked internationally, curating the Korean Pavilion of the Venice Biennale in 2009 and the Sharjah Biennial in the United Arab Emirates in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her first show at SFMOMA, Joo curated the 2019 exhibition \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13868797/soft-power-sfmoma-review\">\u003cem>SOFT POWER\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, in which 20 living, international artists under the age of 50 took on issues such as colonialism, the environment and art’s ability to influence social change. More recently, she brought in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13957410/visual-art-guide-summer-2024-galleries-museums\">site-specific installation by Kara Walker\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Fortuna and the Immortality Garden (Machine)\u003c/em>, which is on view at the museum through the spring of 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joo’s dismissal arrives in the wake of several high-profile departures from the museum. Its director of 19 years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13892466/sfmoma-director-neal-benezra-steps-down\">Neal Benezra\u003c/a>, stepped down in 2021. \u003ca href=\"https://news.artnet.com/art-world/gary-garrels-departure-sfmoma-1893964\">Garry Garrels\u003c/a>, SFMOMA’s former chief curator, resigned in 2020, after an uproar from employees over his comments about “reverse discrimination” against white men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joo did not respond to KQED’s request for comment as of press time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new developer has turned its attention to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco\">San Francisco’s\u003c/a> Ocean Beach just months after a proposal to construct a 50-story apartment building on the 2700 Sloat Boulevard site was withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial proposal was met with vehement pushback by Sunset District residents and local officials. It was slammed for its scale and density. Eventually, the developer, CH Planning LLC, withdrew its name from consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the San Francisco Housing Development Corporation has partnered with Housing America to submit an application on Tuesday for a 22-story, mixed-income building with senior housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal envisions a 446-unit building spanning approximately 38,000 square feet, complete with a parking lot designed to accommodate both bicycles and cars. About half of the units, which range from studio apartments to condominiums, would be set aside as affordable senior housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planning application estimates construction costs at $223 million and includes plans for amenities such as over 4,000 square feet of shared common spaces, electric vehicle charging stations, and both public and private parking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018944\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018944\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1125\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rendering of the proposed development at 2700 Sloat Blvd. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of SCB and Bezier)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The building would appear to be somewhat split in two, according to Dan Sider, chief of staff of the city’s planning department. He described two conjoined buildings that form a cohesive structure, with one building facing the ocean and the other on a slight slant, facing the East.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although CH Planning still legally owns the site, its manager, Raelynn Hickey, said that the company is in the process of selling to the new developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have nothing to do with their proposed project,” Hickey said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new developers have submitted their application under state law AB 2011, which streamlines certain regulatory requirements typically required for development projects, such as full environmental reviews and prior approval from the planning commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12018466 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-054-1020x679.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the developers claim that the proposed project “exceeds” AB 2011’s standards, the application is still under review to determine if it qualifies for the expedited approval process granted by the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sider noted that the proposal “hasn’t yet been assessed for Code compliance, but we remain hopeful that the project will be thoughtfully designed and adhere to all regulations.” He added that the location “has always been an ideal spot for new housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original plan for a 50-story, 712-unit high-rise was met with fierce opposition from city planners, residents and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/joel-engardio\">Supervisor Joel Engardio\u003c/a>, who represents the Sunset District, where the site is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engardio called the initial proposal a “middle finger to the city” and dismissed it as a plan “no one would take seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the new proposal significantly reduces the building’s height, with only 22 stories, Engardio remains critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty-two stories is still far beyond what’s reasonable,” he said in an interview. “We need to stop dreaming up massive skyscrapers at the beach and focus on real housing that will meet the needs of real families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engardio pointed out that the Coastal Commission will need to weigh in on the project and criticized the developers for not adhering to the Sunset District’s current zoning laws, which limit building heights to 10 stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more housing for seniors and families in the Sunset and throughout San Francisco,” Engardio said. “But no one wants Ocean Beach to turn into Miami Beach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new developer has turned its attention to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco\">San Francisco’s\u003c/a> Ocean Beach just months after a proposal to construct a 50-story apartment building on the 2700 Sloat Boulevard site was withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial proposal was met with vehement pushback by Sunset District residents and local officials. It was slammed for its scale and density. Eventually, the developer, CH Planning LLC, withdrew its name from consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the San Francisco Housing Development Corporation has partnered with Housing America to submit an application on Tuesday for a 22-story, mixed-income building with senior housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal envisions a 446-unit building spanning approximately 38,000 square feet, complete with a parking lot designed to accommodate both bicycles and cars. About half of the units, which range from studio apartments to condominiums, would be set aside as affordable senior housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planning application estimates construction costs at $223 million and includes plans for amenities such as over 4,000 square feet of shared common spaces, electric vehicle charging stations, and both public and private parking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018944\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018944\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1125\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/OceanTowerRendering1-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rendering of the proposed development at 2700 Sloat Blvd. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of SCB and Bezier)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The building would appear to be somewhat split in two, according to Dan Sider, chief of staff of the city’s planning department. He described two conjoined buildings that form a cohesive structure, with one building facing the ocean and the other on a slight slant, facing the East.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although CH Planning still legally owns the site, its manager, Raelynn Hickey, said that the company is in the process of selling to the new developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have nothing to do with their proposed project,” Hickey said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new developers have submitted their application under state law AB 2011, which streamlines certain regulatory requirements typically required for development projects, such as full environmental reviews and prior approval from the planning commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the developers claim that the proposed project “exceeds” AB 2011’s standards, the application is still under review to determine if it qualifies for the expedited approval process granted by the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sider noted that the proposal “hasn’t yet been assessed for Code compliance, but we remain hopeful that the project will be thoughtfully designed and adhere to all regulations.” He added that the location “has always been an ideal spot for new housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original plan for a 50-story, 712-unit high-rise was met with fierce opposition from city planners, residents and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/joel-engardio\">Supervisor Joel Engardio\u003c/a>, who represents the Sunset District, where the site is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engardio called the initial proposal a “middle finger to the city” and dismissed it as a plan “no one would take seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the new proposal significantly reduces the building’s height, with only 22 stories, Engardio remains critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty-two stories is still far beyond what’s reasonable,” he said in an interview. “We need to stop dreaming up massive skyscrapers at the beach and focus on real housing that will meet the needs of real families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engardio pointed out that the Coastal Commission will need to weigh in on the project and criticized the developers for not adhering to the Sunset District’s current zoning laws, which limit building heights to 10 stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more housing for seniors and families in the Sunset and throughout San Francisco,” Engardio said. “But no one wants Ocean Beach to turn into Miami Beach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Protesters in SF, Oakland, LA Denounce Rise in Encampment Sweeps",
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"content": "\u003cp>Groups of homeless rights advocates gathered at city halls across California and Washington state on Tuesday to protest the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12006541/sfs-homeless-sweeps-have-cleared-over-1200-tents-where-are-people-going\">rise in encampment sweeps\u003c/a> that followed a U.S. Supreme Court decision over the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coordinated demonstrations in San Francisco, Oakland, Vallejo, Fresno, Los Angeles and Seattle, hosted by advocacy groups Poor Magazine and Wood Street Commons, called on city leaders to stop the sweeps and instead focus on building more housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re dealing with right now is a way to criminalize people who are dealing with poverty, who are not able to afford rent,” homeless rights advocate Junebug Kealoha said outside San Francisco City Hall. “When someone is constantly swept, they are just shuffled and things get taken — it’s hard to stay on top of anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demonstrations came roughly half a year after a June \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11991340/supreme-court-says-laws-criminalizing-homeless-camping-do-not-violate-constitution\">Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a> expanded local governments’ authority to fine and jail people for sleeping outside, even if no shelter is available. About a month later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11997352/newsom-orders-state-agencies-to-dismantle-homeless-encampments-across-california\">Gov. Gavin Newsom responded\u003c/a> by directing state agencies to crack down on encampments and urging local governments to do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005898/fresno-rolls-out-one-of-californias-most-aggressive-camping-bans\">Fresno\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12004348/berkeley-moves-to-expand-homeless-encampment-sweeps-in-more-aggressive-approach\">Berkeley\u003c/a> and a host of other cities implemented new rules, making it easier for local governments to clear sidewalk camps. In other cities, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11996234/sf-mayor-says-very-aggressive-encampment-sweeps-will-start-in-august\">San Francisco\u003c/a>, officials more aggressively enforced anti-camping laws already on the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018728\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018728\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alvaro Tellez, a traditional Aztec dancer and Homefulness resident, attends a demonstration against the rise in encampment sweeps in front of City Hall in San Francisco on Tuesday, Dec. 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, demonstrators in San Francisco held signs saying “Make Housing A Human Right” and set up tents with the words “Where do we go?” painted in bright colors. As the wet, cold winter season starts, homeless rights advocates say they want cities to at least pause encampment sweeps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we’re trying to do is get away from the elements, away from the rain and the winter,” said Miguel Muteado Silencio, a homeless rights advocate with experience living on the streets. “It’s sad that in places like San Francisco and Oakland, during the harshest time, when the most vulnerable people are having a hard time, they’re being swept up, and their belongings are being taken away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to San Francisco’s Department of Emergency Management, city workers removed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12015125/tentless-amid-encampment-crackdown-unhoused-san-franciscans-storms\">more than 2,400 tents and structures\u003c/a> from city streets between Aug. 1 and Nov. 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12015125 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241119-SFHomelessArrests-02-BL-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Noto, president of the San Francisco nonprofit Stop Crime Action, understands that housing is the ultimate, long-term solution to homelessness but said encampment sweeps should be part of the solution in the short term. “We can’t create supportive housing in a short period of time,” he said. “So, we try to muddle through, and we’re seeing a bunch of imperfect solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, unhoused residents at Tuesday’s demonstration said they are worried about their future in the Bay Area as cities impose stricter rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco earlier this month, policymakers capped the amount of time families could stay in city shelters, reducing the time from six months to 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this month, supervisors reversed a policy change approved by city \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007425/san-francisco-bans-overnight-parking-for-rvs-on-most-city-streets\">transportation officials in October\u003c/a> that allowed oversized vehicles to be towed if the people living inside them reject offers of shelter, housing or services. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017544/sf-supes-reverse-citys-controversial-rv-parking-ban\">San Francisco Board of Supervisors rejected those restrictions\u003c/a> after receiving letters and appeals from homeless rights advocates and people living in RVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maks Doulton, 63, was just placed in temporary subsidized housing a few months ago after living on San Francisco’s streets for a year. Though she has a roof over her head now, she fears she’ll become homeless again when her subsidy ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens to me in a year?” she asked. “I won’t be able to afford rent in a year either — then what?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Groups of homeless rights advocates gathered at city halls across California and Washington state on Tuesday to protest the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12006541/sfs-homeless-sweeps-have-cleared-over-1200-tents-where-are-people-going\">rise in encampment sweeps\u003c/a> that followed a U.S. Supreme Court decision over the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coordinated demonstrations in San Francisco, Oakland, Vallejo, Fresno, Los Angeles and Seattle, hosted by advocacy groups Poor Magazine and Wood Street Commons, called on city leaders to stop the sweeps and instead focus on building more housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re dealing with right now is a way to criminalize people who are dealing with poverty, who are not able to afford rent,” homeless rights advocate Junebug Kealoha said outside San Francisco City Hall. “When someone is constantly swept, they are just shuffled and things get taken — it’s hard to stay on top of anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demonstrations came roughly half a year after a June \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11991340/supreme-court-says-laws-criminalizing-homeless-camping-do-not-violate-constitution\">Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a> expanded local governments’ authority to fine and jail people for sleeping outside, even if no shelter is available. About a month later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11997352/newsom-orders-state-agencies-to-dismantle-homeless-encampments-across-california\">Gov. Gavin Newsom responded\u003c/a> by directing state agencies to crack down on encampments and urging local governments to do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005898/fresno-rolls-out-one-of-californias-most-aggressive-camping-bans\">Fresno\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12004348/berkeley-moves-to-expand-homeless-encampment-sweeps-in-more-aggressive-approach\">Berkeley\u003c/a> and a host of other cities implemented new rules, making it easier for local governments to clear sidewalk camps. In other cities, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11996234/sf-mayor-says-very-aggressive-encampment-sweeps-will-start-in-august\">San Francisco\u003c/a>, officials more aggressively enforced anti-camping laws already on the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018728\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018728\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217-UnhousedDemonstrations-JY-155-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alvaro Tellez, a traditional Aztec dancer and Homefulness resident, attends a demonstration against the rise in encampment sweeps in front of City Hall in San Francisco on Tuesday, Dec. 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, demonstrators in San Francisco held signs saying “Make Housing A Human Right” and set up tents with the words “Where do we go?” painted in bright colors. As the wet, cold winter season starts, homeless rights advocates say they want cities to at least pause encampment sweeps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we’re trying to do is get away from the elements, away from the rain and the winter,” said Miguel Muteado Silencio, a homeless rights advocate with experience living on the streets. “It’s sad that in places like San Francisco and Oakland, during the harshest time, when the most vulnerable people are having a hard time, they’re being swept up, and their belongings are being taken away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to San Francisco’s Department of Emergency Management, city workers removed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12015125/tentless-amid-encampment-crackdown-unhoused-san-franciscans-storms\">more than 2,400 tents and structures\u003c/a> from city streets between Aug. 1 and Nov. 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Noto, president of the San Francisco nonprofit Stop Crime Action, understands that housing is the ultimate, long-term solution to homelessness but said encampment sweeps should be part of the solution in the short term. “We can’t create supportive housing in a short period of time,” he said. “So, we try to muddle through, and we’re seeing a bunch of imperfect solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, unhoused residents at Tuesday’s demonstration said they are worried about their future in the Bay Area as cities impose stricter rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco earlier this month, policymakers capped the amount of time families could stay in city shelters, reducing the time from six months to 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this month, supervisors reversed a policy change approved by city \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007425/san-francisco-bans-overnight-parking-for-rvs-on-most-city-streets\">transportation officials in October\u003c/a> that allowed oversized vehicles to be towed if the people living inside them reject offers of shelter, housing or services. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017544/sf-supes-reverse-citys-controversial-rv-parking-ban\">San Francisco Board of Supervisors rejected those restrictions\u003c/a> after receiving letters and appeals from homeless rights advocates and people living in RVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maks Doulton, 63, was just placed in temporary subsidized housing a few months ago after living on San Francisco’s streets for a year. Though she has a roof over her head now, she fears she’ll become homeless again when her subsidy ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens to me in a year?” she asked. “I won’t be able to afford rent in a year either — then what?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Lurie Taps Ex-Twitter Exec to Tackle SF’s Housing Shortage and Economic Rebound",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor-elect \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/daniel-lurie\">Daniel Lurie\u003c/a> announced Wednesday that he has selected a tech and finance veteran as chief of housing and economic development, a new position created by Lurie in his attempt to rework City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ned Segal, who, like Lurie, has no prior government experience, will oversee some of San Francisco’s biggest challenges: meeting a state mandate to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993388/new-state-law-slashed-sfs-housing-permit-timeline-will-builders-follow\">create nearly 80,000 housing units\u003c/a> as well as helping dig the city out of an economic slump. He’ll have to do so in the face of a more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017456/san-francisco-police-audit-finds-excessive-overtime-spending-since-2019\">$800 million budget deficit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ned embodies the kind of innovative leadership San Francisco desperately needs to tackle our most pressing challenges,” Lurie said. “With his strong background in the private sector, a deep love for San Francisco backed by extensive civic engagement, and a track record of delivering results, Ned is uniquely positioned to lead the revitalization of downtown, accelerate housing production, and drive economic growth in our City.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Segal previously served as Twitter’s chief financial officer and was among a group of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11930570/he-wants-attention-as-elon-musk-takes-over-twitter-this-tech-insider-has-some-thoughts\">top executives that Elon Musk ousted\u003c/a> shortly after purchasing the social media website in 2022 and rebranding it X. He and three other former Twitter executives sued Musk in March for more than $128 million in unpaid severance, alleging they were fired without cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Segal also sits on the board of Tipping Point Community, the anti-poverty nonprofit that Lurie founded and ran prior to running for mayor as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12013667/daniel-lurie-san-franciscos-next-mayor-what-will-that-look-like\">an “outsider” campaigning against career politicians\u003c/a> in City Hall who he said created the problems they were trying to solve. He has also served on the boards of large companies, including RingCentral, BostonGene and Beyond Meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12017884 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241108-LURIEVICTORYPRESSER-07-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Segal is also an alum of Goldman Sachs, where he worked for nearly 17 years advising technology companies on mergers, acquisitions and other equity and debt financings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He lives with his wife and three children in San Francisco, where he grew up and got one of his earliest jobs as a hot dog vendor at Candlestick Park from 1988–92.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a city known for its innovation and boundless potential, San Francisco has long been a beacon of creativity and growth,” Segal said in a statement. “Under the bold leadership of Mayor-elect Lurie, we have a mandate to reimagine what’s possible and I feel great urgency to deliver.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pick is Lurie’s first as he begins to round out a new group of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017698/lurie-unveils-major-shakeup-san-francisco-mayors-office\">four policy directors who will report directly to him\u003c/a>, overseeing the city’s 56 agencies. They will work alongside the chief of staff rather than having a single chief of staff and one policy director reporting to the mayor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Segal covering housing and economic development, the other three yet-to-be-named policy directors will oversee infrastructure, climate and mobility; public health and well-being; and public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lurie recently named \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017884/sf-mayor-elect-daniel-lurie-taps-former-giants-executive-lead-staff\">former Giants Vice President Staci Slaughter as his chief of staff\u003c/a>, as well as longtime City Hall staffer Matthew Goudeau, who served as a senior adviser on his campaign, as deputy chief of staff. And political strategist Han Zou, who worked on Lurie’s campaign this year as well as earlier campaigns for Assemblymember Matt Haney and Congresswoman-elect Lateefah Simon, will be director of public affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor-elect \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/daniel-lurie\">Daniel Lurie\u003c/a> announced Wednesday that he has selected a tech and finance veteran as chief of housing and economic development, a new position created by Lurie in his attempt to rework City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ned Segal, who, like Lurie, has no prior government experience, will oversee some of San Francisco’s biggest challenges: meeting a state mandate to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993388/new-state-law-slashed-sfs-housing-permit-timeline-will-builders-follow\">create nearly 80,000 housing units\u003c/a> as well as helping dig the city out of an economic slump. He’ll have to do so in the face of a more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017456/san-francisco-police-audit-finds-excessive-overtime-spending-since-2019\">$800 million budget deficit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ned embodies the kind of innovative leadership San Francisco desperately needs to tackle our most pressing challenges,” Lurie said. “With his strong background in the private sector, a deep love for San Francisco backed by extensive civic engagement, and a track record of delivering results, Ned is uniquely positioned to lead the revitalization of downtown, accelerate housing production, and drive economic growth in our City.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Segal previously served as Twitter’s chief financial officer and was among a group of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11930570/he-wants-attention-as-elon-musk-takes-over-twitter-this-tech-insider-has-some-thoughts\">top executives that Elon Musk ousted\u003c/a> shortly after purchasing the social media website in 2022 and rebranding it X. He and three other former Twitter executives sued Musk in March for more than $128 million in unpaid severance, alleging they were fired without cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Segal also sits on the board of Tipping Point Community, the anti-poverty nonprofit that Lurie founded and ran prior to running for mayor as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12013667/daniel-lurie-san-franciscos-next-mayor-what-will-that-look-like\">an “outsider” campaigning against career politicians\u003c/a> in City Hall who he said created the problems they were trying to solve. He has also served on the boards of large companies, including RingCentral, BostonGene and Beyond Meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Segal is also an alum of Goldman Sachs, where he worked for nearly 17 years advising technology companies on mergers, acquisitions and other equity and debt financings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He lives with his wife and three children in San Francisco, where he grew up and got one of his earliest jobs as a hot dog vendor at Candlestick Park from 1988–92.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a city known for its innovation and boundless potential, San Francisco has long been a beacon of creativity and growth,” Segal said in a statement. “Under the bold leadership of Mayor-elect Lurie, we have a mandate to reimagine what’s possible and I feel great urgency to deliver.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pick is Lurie’s first as he begins to round out a new group of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017698/lurie-unveils-major-shakeup-san-francisco-mayors-office\">four policy directors who will report directly to him\u003c/a>, overseeing the city’s 56 agencies. They will work alongside the chief of staff rather than having a single chief of staff and one policy director reporting to the mayor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Segal covering housing and economic development, the other three yet-to-be-named policy directors will oversee infrastructure, climate and mobility; public health and well-being; and public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lurie recently named \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017884/sf-mayor-elect-daniel-lurie-taps-former-giants-executive-lead-staff\">former Giants Vice President Staci Slaughter as his chief of staff\u003c/a>, as well as longtime City Hall staffer Matthew Goudeau, who served as a senior adviser on his campaign, as deputy chief of staff. And political strategist Han Zou, who worked on Lurie’s campaign this year as well as earlier campaigns for Assemblymember Matt Haney and Congresswoman-elect Lateefah Simon, will be director of public affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "dramatic-insurance-spikes-could-tank-californias-affordable-housing-plans",
"title": "Dramatic Insurance Spikes Could Tank California's Homeless Housing",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dora Gallo is holding her breath for the next insurance quote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, premiums for the nonprofit she leads, A Community of Friends, rose nearly 200% — from $1.4 million to $3.8 million — to cover its portfolio of 47 properties. Spread across mostly urban neighborhoods in Los Angeles County, the roughly 2,000 apartments are reserved primarily for people exiting homelessness and who have a mental health disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best Gallo can hope for, she said, is that premiums stay the same when it’s time to renew in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve depleted the operating reserves for six of our buildings. And we believe — if this renewal, even if it remains the same at $3.8 [million] — we’re likely to deplete the reserves of another three buildings,” she said. “We can’t keep doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of housing providers across the country are experiencing the same financial pain as A Community of Friends. Organizations that specialize in what’s known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.hudexchange.info/homelessness-assistance/coc-esg-virtual-binders/coc-program-components/permanent-housing/permanent-supportive-housing/\">permanent supportive housing\u003c/a> — housing that includes support services for people with disabilities or who have been chronically homeless — are reporting dramatic increases in insurance premiums, a reality they say is threatening their ability to continue operating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justine Marcus, Northern California policy director for the national nonprofit, Enterprise Community Partners, said that’s especially problematic for California, which, at last count, had more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2023-AHAR-Part-1.pdf\">181,000 homeless residents\u003c/a> and where state officials have \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-funding/active-funding/docs/housing-first-fact-sheet.pdf\">made it a priority\u003c/a> to place those residents into permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those new apartments are often located in cities, where developers can maximize the size of the building and where residents can access services. But, Marcus said, insurers are increasingly telling providers this model is too risky.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12014632,news_12017695,news_11981767\"]“Those are the exact same things that are being cited as risk drivers,” she said. “Things like greater density, things like infill, things like serving folks at the lowest incomes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry experts say increasing premiums are the result of greater weariness on the part of insurance carriers to take on what they consider to be riskier properties, especially as they also confront higher rebuilding costs, more frequent losses from natural disasters, and other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The industry has been unprofitable,” said Karen Collins, Vice President of Property and Environmental at the American Property Casualty Insurance Association. “So we are seeing premiums having to increase across the entire U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, unlike other landlords, who can pass increased costs onto tenants, supportive housing providers face strict limits. Rents are typically capped at 30% of residents’ incomes; taxpayer subsidies cover the rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Insurance Commission has only just begun to study the problem, said Tony Cignarale, Deputy Commissioner of Consumer Services and Market Conduct. He’s been meeting with supportive housing providers over the past few months, he said, to gather information and get a “broad picture to find a solution, either administrative or legislative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Marcus said some housing providers may not be able to wait for a solution that could be a year or more in the making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insurance costs, especially in combination with other operational cost challenges, are posing an immediate financial — I would say existential — risk,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A promising solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In many ways, Solomon Bukenya embodies the promise of permanent supportive housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He became homeless around 2007, living in cars and on the street in Texas and San Francisco. With high blood pressure and arthritis, his health was deteriorating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night about two years ago, when he had just arrived at 1066 Mission Street, a 100% supportive housing site for seniors in San Francisco’s South of Market neighborhood, his hands were so swollen and stiff that he couldn’t press the small button on the side of his prosthetic leg to remove it. He was alone and saw no other option but to call 911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told them, ‘I can’t press this button. Please can you press it for me?’ And that’s all I wanted to do,” he said. “Imagine calling 911 for only that small thing?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in about two years of living at 1066 Mission Street, with access to regular health care and free meals, the now-65-year-old can walk, stand for long hours, and exercise regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m feeling [much] stronger,” Buckenya said. “I’m like a 20-, 25-year-old, the way I feel in my body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12018227\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018242\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018242\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Top: Solomon Bukenya in his room at the newly built supportive housing site at 1064 Mission Street on Nov. 14, 2024. Bottom left: Bukenya shows his prosthetic leg outside his room. Bottom right: Bukenya sits on his bed reading a book on self-discipline. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/periodicals/em/spring-summer-23/highlight2.html\">Research consistently shows\u003c/a> supportive housing — like the kind Bukenya is receiving — leads not only to positive changes in residents’ lives, but to \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/features/housing-first-breaks-homelessness-jail-cycle#:~:text=Denver%20SIB%20participants%20had%20%246%2C876,offset%20by%20other%20avoided%20costs.\">cost savings for taxpayers\u003c/a>, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so much more affordable in comparison to \u003ca href=\"https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2023/09/11/housing-first/\">incarceration\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3393008/pdf/hesr0047-0523.pdf\">long-term hospitalization\u003c/a> or literally the cost of one \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/183842\">emergency room\u003c/a> visit,” said Travis Hamilton, associate director of housing services for Episcopal Community Services, which operates Bukenya’s building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s why housing advocates have pushed for this model to grow. Across the country, the number of these supportive apartments have \u003ca href=\"https://files.hudexchange.info/reports/published/CoC_HIC_NatlTerrDC_2013.pdf\">more than doubled\u003c/a> over the past decade — rising to nearly \u003ca href=\"https://files.hudexchange.info/reports/published/CoC_HIC_NatlTerrDC_2023.pdf\">663,000 housing units\u003c/a> in 2023. In California, they’ve more than tripled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018237\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018237\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Travis Hamilton, Associate Director of Housing Services, and Zak Franet, Director of Policy and Public Affairs, walk through a courtyard at the newly built supportive housing site at 1064 Mission Street in San Francisco, run by Episcopal Community Services, on Nov. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But, as the number of these properties has grown, so, too, has the number of insurance claims, said Justin Dove, with the brokerage firm Gallagher. Dove said that’s why he thinks carriers are beginning to raise rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a major influx of claim activity,” he said. “And, as most things happen in insurance, you have a high frequency period of claims, insurers start to retool, and they take action. Right? And so, their action has been increased premiums.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it isn’t just the volume of claims that have increased, it’s also the frequency of claims in supportive housing, compared to other forms of non-supportive affordable or market-rate housing, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We absolutely see a higher frequency of claims in those buildings,” Dove said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.wa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Davies-group-presentation-housing-10232024.pdf\">draft study out of Washington state (PDF)\u003c/a> backs up his assessment. The authors, while noting some limitations in the data’s robustness, found “no evidence that current insurance rates in this segment are excessive, from an actuarial point of view.” That is to say, the authors found rates fairly reflected carriers’ risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018250\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018250\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Resident Solomon Bukenya sits to read at his desk at the newly-built supportive housing site at 1064 Mission Street. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Unforeseen consequences\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On the day KQED visited Bukenya’s six-story apartment complex, evidence of that higher risk was on display: An elevator was out of service. A recent stove fire, while minor, had triggered the sprinkler system, sending water into the elevator shaft — causing an estimated $300,000 in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Travis Hamilton, associate director of Housing Services at Episcopal Community Services, said it can be difficult for some residents — who have often spent a decade or more living outside — to transition to life inside an apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks take medication or they’re sleepy,” he said. “[They] leave the stove burner on, which can cause fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018249\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: An overdose emergency kit filled with Narcan hangs on the wall at the newly-built supportive housing site at 1064 Mission Street. Right: Bukenya stands near the elevator. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the past two years, Episcopal Community Services has had six fires and eight floods across the roughly 1,650 apartments it operates in San Francisco and Marin counties, according to executive director Beth Stokes. Each accident, even minor ones, can cause tens of thousands of dollars in damages — especially if, as was the case in Buckenya’s apartment complex, the water leaks to the elevator or lower floors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stokes said it’s for that reason the organization’s last insurance carrier refused to cover several of its buildings that were over five stories tall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor does it help that the properties are often located in neighborhoods with higher crime rates. With all of that combined, Stokes said the organization saw overall insurance premiums rise 34% last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing higher premiums, higher deductibles, lower coverage,” she said. “And when you have lower coverage, that’s a real risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emily Cohen, a spokesperson for San Francisco’s Department of Homelessness Services and Housing, said supportive housing providers pay, on average, about 20% more for insurance premiums than other non-supportive affordable housing providers in the city. The department oversees \u003ca href=\"https://www.sf.gov/data/housing-inventory#housing-program-types\">more than 13,500 apartments and rental vouchers\u003c/a> throughout San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12018252\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018253\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018253\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Top: A view of a courtyard at the newly-built supportive housing site at 1064 Mission Street. Bottom: Views from the entrance. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those increased insurance costs are coming on top of already-higher expenses to operate supportive housing, Cohen said. The buildings are often older properties that have greater maintenance needs; they require an on-site property manager and more support staff; the units come furnished and residents don’t pay as much toward their security deposits as non-subsidized tenants, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it gets to be a lot,” Cohen said. “And, we have very minimal rent revenue coming into the properties as the rents are always income-based.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Sustaining the model\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Insurers, meanwhile, say costs are piling up for them, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins, with the American Property Casualty Insurance Association, said inflation has \u003ca href=\"https://law.pepperdine.edu/surf-report/posts/effect-inflation-supply-chain-disruption-labor-shortages-real-estate-development-justin-wong.htm#:~:text=Since%20the%20start%20of%20the%20pandemic%20in,have%20risen%2035.6%%20(19.2%%20since%20April%202021).\">hit the construction industry particularly hard\u003c/a>, which has increased rebuilding costs. Add to that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/beyond-data/2023-historic-year-us-billion-dollar-weather-and-climate-disasters#:~:text=Adding%20the%202023%20events%20to,376%20events%20exceeds%20%242.660%20trillion.\">increase in natural disasters\u003c/a>, plus \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/real-estate/on-the-move-americans-are-unwitting-storm-chasers-43001f70\">construction growth in areas at higher risk of natural disasters\u003c/a>, and Collins said the industry has been stretched thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a trend that we’re unfortunately seeing across a number of states,” Collins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Insurance Commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014632/california-insurance-regulators-aim-ease-coverage-crisis-new-rules\">is in the process\u003c/a> of approving changes to \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/180-climate-change/SustainableInsuranceStrategy.cfm\">address some of the state’s climate-change related challenges\u003c/a>, including a change \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2024/release062-2024.cfm\">that went into effect on Friday,\u003c/a> allowing insurers to use \u003ca href=\"https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/catastrophe-models-%28property%29#:~:text=Issue:%20A%20catastrophe%20model%20is,terrorism%2C%20and%20cyber%2Dattacks.\">catastrophe modeling\u003c/a> in exchange for promises to write more policies in risky wildfire areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But carriers won’t be able to put them into practice until they get their rates approved by the commission — a process that Collins said has historically taken, on average, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/05/california-insurance-crisis-2/\">more than a year\u003c/a>, though there are efforts by the commission to speed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018411\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018411\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bukenya holds a bracelet he made in his room at the newly-built supportive housing site at 1064 Mission Street, on Nov. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once the new rates are in place, Collins said that would help bring insurers back to the state, but may not lower costs for supportive housing providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These insurance premiums today are not overcharging; they’re reflecting actuarially what that risk is,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can help, Collins said, is better mitigation measures, such as more interior controls to prevent floods, fires and other resident-caused damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Episcopal Community Services, some of those measures are already in place. The building at 1066 Mission Street, which opened in the fall of 2022, has an extra drain in the bathroom so water doesn’t pool on the floors, Hamilton said. And there are built-in timers to automatically shut off stove tops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Stokes said, they could use additional staff, especially during nights and weekends, to provide more support to residents and respond more quickly when incidents do occur. And, additional operating subsidies from federal, state and local governments to account for the higher insurance premiums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without those subsidies, she said providers likely won’t be able to develop or manage new buildings for the tens of thousands of unhoused people waiting for a home — and may even risk losing the ones they already have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all want more units, but not at the cost of losing units,” she said. “We’re all very concerned about the sustainability of the model.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The premium increases have less to do with potential losses from wildfires or storms and more to do with who lives in that housing and the dense, urban neighborhoods where the properties are located. ",
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"title": "Dramatic Insurance Spikes Could Tank California's Homeless Housing | KQED",
"description": "The premium increases have less to do with potential losses from wildfires or storms and more to do with who lives in that housing and the dense, urban neighborhoods where the properties are located. ",
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"headline": "Dramatic Insurance Spikes Could Tank California's Homeless Housing",
"datePublished": "2024-12-17T04:00:29-08:00",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dora Gallo is holding her breath for the next insurance quote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, premiums for the nonprofit she leads, A Community of Friends, rose nearly 200% — from $1.4 million to $3.8 million — to cover its portfolio of 47 properties. Spread across mostly urban neighborhoods in Los Angeles County, the roughly 2,000 apartments are reserved primarily for people exiting homelessness and who have a mental health disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best Gallo can hope for, she said, is that premiums stay the same when it’s time to renew in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve depleted the operating reserves for six of our buildings. And we believe — if this renewal, even if it remains the same at $3.8 [million] — we’re likely to deplete the reserves of another three buildings,” she said. “We can’t keep doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of housing providers across the country are experiencing the same financial pain as A Community of Friends. Organizations that specialize in what’s known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.hudexchange.info/homelessness-assistance/coc-esg-virtual-binders/coc-program-components/permanent-housing/permanent-supportive-housing/\">permanent supportive housing\u003c/a> — housing that includes support services for people with disabilities or who have been chronically homeless — are reporting dramatic increases in insurance premiums, a reality they say is threatening their ability to continue operating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justine Marcus, Northern California policy director for the national nonprofit, Enterprise Community Partners, said that’s especially problematic for California, which, at last count, had more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2023-AHAR-Part-1.pdf\">181,000 homeless residents\u003c/a> and where state officials have \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-funding/active-funding/docs/housing-first-fact-sheet.pdf\">made it a priority\u003c/a> to place those residents into permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those new apartments are often located in cities, where developers can maximize the size of the building and where residents can access services. But, Marcus said, insurers are increasingly telling providers this model is too risky.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Those are the exact same things that are being cited as risk drivers,” she said. “Things like greater density, things like infill, things like serving folks at the lowest incomes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry experts say increasing premiums are the result of greater weariness on the part of insurance carriers to take on what they consider to be riskier properties, especially as they also confront higher rebuilding costs, more frequent losses from natural disasters, and other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The industry has been unprofitable,” said Karen Collins, Vice President of Property and Environmental at the American Property Casualty Insurance Association. “So we are seeing premiums having to increase across the entire U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, unlike other landlords, who can pass increased costs onto tenants, supportive housing providers face strict limits. Rents are typically capped at 30% of residents’ incomes; taxpayer subsidies cover the rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Insurance Commission has only just begun to study the problem, said Tony Cignarale, Deputy Commissioner of Consumer Services and Market Conduct. He’s been meeting with supportive housing providers over the past few months, he said, to gather information and get a “broad picture to find a solution, either administrative or legislative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Marcus said some housing providers may not be able to wait for a solution that could be a year or more in the making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insurance costs, especially in combination with other operational cost challenges, are posing an immediate financial — I would say existential — risk,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A promising solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In many ways, Solomon Bukenya embodies the promise of permanent supportive housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He became homeless around 2007, living in cars and on the street in Texas and San Francisco. With high blood pressure and arthritis, his health was deteriorating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night about two years ago, when he had just arrived at 1066 Mission Street, a 100% supportive housing site for seniors in San Francisco’s South of Market neighborhood, his hands were so swollen and stiff that he couldn’t press the small button on the side of his prosthetic leg to remove it. He was alone and saw no other option but to call 911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told them, ‘I can’t press this button. Please can you press it for me?’ And that’s all I wanted to do,” he said. “Imagine calling 911 for only that small thing?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in about two years of living at 1066 Mission Street, with access to regular health care and free meals, the now-65-year-old can walk, stand for long hours, and exercise regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m feeling [much] stronger,” Buckenya said. “I’m like a 20-, 25-year-old, the way I feel in my body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12018227\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-34-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018242\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018242\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Top: Solomon Bukenya in his room at the newly built supportive housing site at 1064 Mission Street on Nov. 14, 2024. Bottom left: Bukenya shows his prosthetic leg outside his room. Bottom right: Bukenya sits on his bed reading a book on self-discipline. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/periodicals/em/spring-summer-23/highlight2.html\">Research consistently shows\u003c/a> supportive housing — like the kind Bukenya is receiving — leads not only to positive changes in residents’ lives, but to \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/features/housing-first-breaks-homelessness-jail-cycle#:~:text=Denver%20SIB%20participants%20had%20%246%2C876,offset%20by%20other%20avoided%20costs.\">cost savings for taxpayers\u003c/a>, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so much more affordable in comparison to \u003ca href=\"https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2023/09/11/housing-first/\">incarceration\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3393008/pdf/hesr0047-0523.pdf\">long-term hospitalization\u003c/a> or literally the cost of one \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/183842\">emergency room\u003c/a> visit,” said Travis Hamilton, associate director of housing services for Episcopal Community Services, which operates Bukenya’s building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s why housing advocates have pushed for this model to grow. Across the country, the number of these supportive apartments have \u003ca href=\"https://files.hudexchange.info/reports/published/CoC_HIC_NatlTerrDC_2013.pdf\">more than doubled\u003c/a> over the past decade — rising to nearly \u003ca href=\"https://files.hudexchange.info/reports/published/CoC_HIC_NatlTerrDC_2023.pdf\">663,000 housing units\u003c/a> in 2023. In California, they’ve more than tripled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018237\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018237\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-07-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Travis Hamilton, Associate Director of Housing Services, and Zak Franet, Director of Policy and Public Affairs, walk through a courtyard at the newly built supportive housing site at 1064 Mission Street in San Francisco, run by Episcopal Community Services, on Nov. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But, as the number of these properties has grown, so, too, has the number of insurance claims, said Justin Dove, with the brokerage firm Gallagher. Dove said that’s why he thinks carriers are beginning to raise rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a major influx of claim activity,” he said. “And, as most things happen in insurance, you have a high frequency period of claims, insurers start to retool, and they take action. Right? And so, their action has been increased premiums.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it isn’t just the volume of claims that have increased, it’s also the frequency of claims in supportive housing, compared to other forms of non-supportive affordable or market-rate housing, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We absolutely see a higher frequency of claims in those buildings,” Dove said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.wa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Davies-group-presentation-housing-10232024.pdf\">draft study out of Washington state (PDF)\u003c/a> backs up his assessment. The authors, while noting some limitations in the data’s robustness, found “no evidence that current insurance rates in this segment are excessive, from an actuarial point of view.” That is to say, the authors found rates fairly reflected carriers’ risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018250\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018250\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-22-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Resident Solomon Bukenya sits to read at his desk at the newly-built supportive housing site at 1064 Mission Street. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Unforeseen consequences\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On the day KQED visited Bukenya’s six-story apartment complex, evidence of that higher risk was on display: An elevator was out of service. A recent stove fire, while minor, had triggered the sprinkler system, sending water into the elevator shaft — causing an estimated $300,000 in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Travis Hamilton, associate director of Housing Services at Episcopal Community Services, said it can be difficult for some residents — who have often spent a decade or more living outside — to transition to life inside an apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks take medication or they’re sleepy,” he said. “[They] leave the stove burner on, which can cause fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018249\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-1-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: An overdose emergency kit filled with Narcan hangs on the wall at the newly-built supportive housing site at 1064 Mission Street. Right: Bukenya stands near the elevator. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the past two years, Episcopal Community Services has had six fires and eight floods across the roughly 1,650 apartments it operates in San Francisco and Marin counties, according to executive director Beth Stokes. Each accident, even minor ones, can cause tens of thousands of dollars in damages — especially if, as was the case in Buckenya’s apartment complex, the water leaks to the elevator or lower floors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stokes said it’s for that reason the organization’s last insurance carrier refused to cover several of its buildings that were over five stories tall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor does it help that the properties are often located in neighborhoods with higher crime rates. With all of that combined, Stokes said the organization saw overall insurance premiums rise 34% last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing higher premiums, higher deductibles, lower coverage,” she said. “And when you have lower coverage, that’s a real risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emily Cohen, a spokesperson for San Francisco’s Department of Homelessness Services and Housing, said supportive housing providers pay, on average, about 20% more for insurance premiums than other non-supportive affordable housing providers in the city. The department oversees \u003ca href=\"https://www.sf.gov/data/housing-inventory#housing-program-types\">more than 13,500 apartments and rental vouchers\u003c/a> throughout San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12018252\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-06-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018253\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018253\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Top: A view of a courtyard at the newly-built supportive housing site at 1064 Mission Street. Bottom: Views from the entrance. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those increased insurance costs are coming on top of already-higher expenses to operate supportive housing, Cohen said. The buildings are often older properties that have greater maintenance needs; they require an on-site property manager and more support staff; the units come furnished and residents don’t pay as much toward their security deposits as non-subsidized tenants, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it gets to be a lot,” Cohen said. “And, we have very minimal rent revenue coming into the properties as the rents are always income-based.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Sustaining the model\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Insurers, meanwhile, say costs are piling up for them, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins, with the American Property Casualty Insurance Association, said inflation has \u003ca href=\"https://law.pepperdine.edu/surf-report/posts/effect-inflation-supply-chain-disruption-labor-shortages-real-estate-development-justin-wong.htm#:~:text=Since%20the%20start%20of%20the%20pandemic%20in,have%20risen%2035.6%%20(19.2%%20since%20April%202021).\">hit the construction industry particularly hard\u003c/a>, which has increased rebuilding costs. Add to that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/beyond-data/2023-historic-year-us-billion-dollar-weather-and-climate-disasters#:~:text=Adding%20the%202023%20events%20to,376%20events%20exceeds%20%242.660%20trillion.\">increase in natural disasters\u003c/a>, plus \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/real-estate/on-the-move-americans-are-unwitting-storm-chasers-43001f70\">construction growth in areas at higher risk of natural disasters\u003c/a>, and Collins said the industry has been stretched thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a trend that we’re unfortunately seeing across a number of states,” Collins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Insurance Commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014632/california-insurance-regulators-aim-ease-coverage-crisis-new-rules\">is in the process\u003c/a> of approving changes to \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/180-climate-change/SustainableInsuranceStrategy.cfm\">address some of the state’s climate-change related challenges\u003c/a>, including a change \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2024/release062-2024.cfm\">that went into effect on Friday,\u003c/a> allowing insurers to use \u003ca href=\"https://content.naic.org/insurance-topics/catastrophe-models-%28property%29#:~:text=Issue:%20A%20catastrophe%20model%20is,terrorism%2C%20and%20cyber%2Dattacks.\">catastrophe modeling\u003c/a> in exchange for promises to write more policies in risky wildfire areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But carriers won’t be able to put them into practice until they get their rates approved by the commission — a process that Collins said has historically taken, on average, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/05/california-insurance-crisis-2/\">more than a year\u003c/a>, though there are efforts by the commission to speed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018411\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018411\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241114-SupportiveHousingInsurance-27-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bukenya holds a bracelet he made in his room at the newly-built supportive housing site at 1064 Mission Street, on Nov. 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once the new rates are in place, Collins said that would help bring insurers back to the state, but may not lower costs for supportive housing providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These insurance premiums today are not overcharging; they’re reflecting actuarially what that risk is,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can help, Collins said, is better mitigation measures, such as more interior controls to prevent floods, fires and other resident-caused damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Episcopal Community Services, some of those measures are already in place. The building at 1066 Mission Street, which opened in the fall of 2022, has an extra drain in the bathroom so water doesn’t pool on the floors, Hamilton said. And there are built-in timers to automatically shut off stove tops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Stokes said, they could use additional staff, especially during nights and weekends, to provide more support to residents and respond more quickly when incidents do occur. And, additional operating subsidies from federal, state and local governments to account for the higher insurance premiums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without those subsidies, she said providers likely won’t be able to develop or manage new buildings for the tens of thousands of unhoused people waiting for a home — and may even risk losing the ones they already have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all want more units, but not at the cost of losing units,” she said. “We’re all very concerned about the sustainability of the model.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Right now, United States citizens visiting the United Kingdom and Europe don’t need a visa waiver or travel authorization to enter these countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about to change starting in January 2025, when the U.K. will require an electronic travel authorization (ETA) for visitors from countries including the U.S., Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The European Union is right behind them, with plans to introduce its own visa waiver document called an ETIAS for visitors, including U.S. citizens, sometime in mid-2025. (The two processes are different, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887\">the U.K. officially left the European Union in 2020\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is that the online process for obtaining permission to travel to these areas should be fairly simple — and speedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you’re hoping to visit Europe next year, keep reading for everything you need to know about obtaining the right travel authorization before your visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#apply-europe-etias\">What permissions will U.S. citizens need to visit Europe in 2025?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"apply-uk-eta\">\u003c/a>New travel rules for U.S. citizens visiting the UK in 2025\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What will change in 2025 about travel to the U.K.?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a U.S. citizen visiting the U.K., you’ll need to apply online for an Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA) for any travel to (and through) that country starting Jan. 8, 2025 — i.e., very soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new requirement includes any children who are traveling and \u003ca href=\"https://homeofficemedia.blog.gov.uk/2024/02/01/electronic-travel-authorisation-eta-scheme-factsheet-february-2024/\">also applies to travelers who are just transiting through the U.K\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After applying, you’ll receive an email confirmation. This authorization will be digitally linked to the passport you applied with and will last for two years — during which time “\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-an-electronic-travel-authorisation-eta\">you can travel to the U.K. as many times as you want\u003c/a>,” according to the U.K. government website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-an-electronic-travel-authorisation-eta\">Dual citizens who have British or Irish citizenship do not need to apply for an ETA\u003c/a> and can use their British or Irish passport as proof of exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do I need an ETA if I’m traveling to the U.K. before Jan. 8?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. It’s an entry document, and the U.K. government says that \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-when-you-can-get-an-electronic-travel-authorisation-eta\">United States citizens are among the nationalities who don’t need an ETA to travel to the U.K. on or before Jan. 7\u003c/a>. So, if you already have a New Year’s trip planned, don’t panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018960\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018960\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/scotland-tourism.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/scotland-tourism.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/scotland-tourism-800x450.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/scotland-tourism-1020x574.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/scotland-tourism-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/scotland-tourism-1536x864.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. citizens thinking about making travel plans to a European city like Edinburgh, Scotland, should be aware of the big travel changes to the U.K. and Europe in 2025. \u003ccite>(Guven Ozdemir/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do I apply for an ETA?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applications for an ETA to travel on or after Jan. 8 are now open. The U.K. Home Office recommends that you apply for your ETA \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQVvTTbHIu4\">before booking your travel to the U.K.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. citizens can apply for an ETA via:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-the-uk-eta-app\">The official U.K. ETA app for iPhone or Android\u003c/a> or\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://apply-for-an-eta.homeoffice.gov.uk/apply/electronic-travel-authorisation/how-to-apply\">The official gov.uk website\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The U.K. government strongly recommends applying via the app and \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-the-uk-eta-app\">has a detailed guide to applying for an ETA this way\u003c/a>. However,\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-an-electronic-travel-authorisation-eta\"> if you’re applying for someone else who is not with you in person during the application\u003c/a> — for example, one of your travel party — they advise applying online rather than using the app.[aside tag=\"travel\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To apply, you’ll need to upload a photo of your passport and, for travelers age 10 and over, your face. You’ll then be asked several questions and pay £10 (around $12.50) for the application. Beware of any third-party website seeking to charge you more for processing your ETA application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long will getting an ETA take?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.K. government says that the ETA app “enables most applicants to receive a decision in hours” and that applicants will “usually get a decision within 3 working days, but you may get a quicker decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the Home Office warns that it may “occasionally” take longer than three working days. So make sure you apply for your ETA well ahead of your departure date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What if my ETA application is unsuccessful?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.K. Home Office says that \u003ca href=\"https://homeofficemedia.blog.gov.uk/electronic-travel-authorisation-eta-factsheet-november-2024/\">if your ETA application is “rejected,” you’ll be informed of the reason and can apply again\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if your ETA application is “refused,” you won’t be able to apply again, and you can’t appeal the decision. Instead, you’ll have to apply for a visa to visit the U.K.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"apply-europe-etias\">\u003c/a>New travel rules for U.S. citizens visiting Europe in 2025\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do I need to know about visiting Europe as a U.S. citizen in 2025?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting sometime in mid-2025, U.S. citizens visiting 30 European countries will need to apply online for travel authorization through the European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS). This new requirement will include any children who are traveling and will also apply to travelers who are transiting through these countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no firm date for ETIAS travel authorizations coming into effect, and applications aren’t open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After applying online, you’ll receive an email confirming your ETIAS travel authorization has been successful. This authorization will then be digitally linked to the passport you applied with and \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/faqs-etias_en#validity-and-renewal\">will last for three years or until your passport expires\u003c/a> — whichever comes first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018959\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/italy-tourism.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/italy-tourism.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/italy-tourism-800x533.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/italy-tourism-1020x680.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/italy-tourism-160x107.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/italy-tourism-1536x1024.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">If you’re hoping to visit a European country like Italy in 2025, stay up-to-date with applications for the ETIAS travel authorization for U.S. citizens. \u003ccite>(Lorado/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Which European countries will U.S. citizens need ETIAS travel authorization to visit in 2025?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/who-should-apply_en#ETIAS-countries\">The full list of countries that U.S. citizens will soon need ETIAS travel authorization to visit\u003c/a>: France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Portugal, Iceland, Croatia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden and Switzerland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. citizens who also have European Union (EU) nationality do not need to apply for ETIAS travel authorization. \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/faqs-etias_en\">See who else is exempt from ETIAS travel authorization\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will I apply for ETIAS travel authorization when it comes into effect?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When applications open, \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias_en\">you’ll apply online on the EU’s website\u003c/a>. Applications will cost €7 (around $7–8), but those costs are waived for minors. \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/faqs-etias_en#applying-for-an-etias-travel-authorisation\">Read more about the types of information you’ll be asked to provide in your application\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One important thing if you’re planning to visit Europe in 2025: To receive ETIAS travel authorization, \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/faqs-etias_en#applying-for-an-etias-travel-authorisation\">your U.S. passport will need to be valid for more than three months after you’d be \u003cem>leaving\u003c/em> Europe\u003c/a>. Also, your passport can’t be older than 10 years. So, if you were looking for a reason to renew your passport, 2025 might be a good time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When applications open, beware of any third-party website seeking to charge you more for processing your ETIAS travel authorization application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long will getting ETIAS travel authorization take?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EU says that \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/faqs-etias_en#applying-for-an-etias-travel-authorisation\">most ETIAS travel authorization applications “will be processed within minutes and at the latest within 96 hours”\u003c/a> — but warns that “some applicants may be asked to provide additional information or documentation or to participate in an interview with national authorities, which may take up to additional 30 days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this reason, “we strongly advise you to obtain the ETIAS travel authorization before you buy your tickets and book your hotels,” officials say. So, if you’re hoping to visit Europe in 2025, \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias_en\">it’s worth keeping an eye on the EU’s official ETIAS website for updates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What if my ETIAS travel authorization application is unsuccessful?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EU lists \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/faqs-etias_en#refusals-cancellations-and-appeals\">several reasons your ETIAS travel authorization could be denied\u003c/a>, including if you’re “considered to pose a security, illegal immigration or high epidemic risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re denied, you’ll be told the reason by email, which will also provide information about your options to appeal the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Right now, United States citizens visiting the United Kingdom and Europe don’t need a visa waiver or travel authorization to enter these countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about to change starting in January 2025, when the U.K. will require an electronic travel authorization (ETA) for visitors from countries including the U.S., Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The European Union is right behind them, with plans to introduce its own visa waiver document called an ETIAS for visitors, including U.S. citizens, sometime in mid-2025. (The two processes are different, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887\">the U.K. officially left the European Union in 2020\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is that the online process for obtaining permission to travel to these areas should be fairly simple — and speedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you’re hoping to visit Europe next year, keep reading for everything you need to know about obtaining the right travel authorization before your visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#apply-europe-etias\">What permissions will U.S. citizens need to visit Europe in 2025?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"apply-uk-eta\">\u003c/a>New travel rules for U.S. citizens visiting the UK in 2025\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What will change in 2025 about travel to the U.K.?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a U.S. citizen visiting the U.K., you’ll need to apply online for an Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA) for any travel to (and through) that country starting Jan. 8, 2025 — i.e., very soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new requirement includes any children who are traveling and \u003ca href=\"https://homeofficemedia.blog.gov.uk/2024/02/01/electronic-travel-authorisation-eta-scheme-factsheet-february-2024/\">also applies to travelers who are just transiting through the U.K\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After applying, you’ll receive an email confirmation. This authorization will be digitally linked to the passport you applied with and will last for two years — during which time “\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-an-electronic-travel-authorisation-eta\">you can travel to the U.K. as many times as you want\u003c/a>,” according to the U.K. government website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-an-electronic-travel-authorisation-eta\">Dual citizens who have British or Irish citizenship do not need to apply for an ETA\u003c/a> and can use their British or Irish passport as proof of exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do I need an ETA if I’m traveling to the U.K. before Jan. 8?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. It’s an entry document, and the U.K. government says that \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-when-you-can-get-an-electronic-travel-authorisation-eta\">United States citizens are among the nationalities who don’t need an ETA to travel to the U.K. on or before Jan. 7\u003c/a>. So, if you already have a New Year’s trip planned, don’t panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018960\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018960\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/scotland-tourism.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/scotland-tourism.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/scotland-tourism-800x450.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/scotland-tourism-1020x574.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/scotland-tourism-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/scotland-tourism-1536x864.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. citizens thinking about making travel plans to a European city like Edinburgh, Scotland, should be aware of the big travel changes to the U.K. and Europe in 2025. \u003ccite>(Guven Ozdemir/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do I apply for an ETA?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applications for an ETA to travel on or after Jan. 8 are now open. The U.K. Home Office recommends that you apply for your ETA \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQVvTTbHIu4\">before booking your travel to the U.K.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. citizens can apply for an ETA via:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-the-uk-eta-app\">The official U.K. ETA app for iPhone or Android\u003c/a> or\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://apply-for-an-eta.homeoffice.gov.uk/apply/electronic-travel-authorisation/how-to-apply\">The official gov.uk website\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The U.K. government strongly recommends applying via the app and \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-the-uk-eta-app\">has a detailed guide to applying for an ETA this way\u003c/a>. However,\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-an-electronic-travel-authorisation-eta\"> if you’re applying for someone else who is not with you in person during the application\u003c/a> — for example, one of your travel party — they advise applying online rather than using the app.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To apply, you’ll need to upload a photo of your passport and, for travelers age 10 and over, your face. You’ll then be asked several questions and pay £10 (around $12.50) for the application. Beware of any third-party website seeking to charge you more for processing your ETA application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long will getting an ETA take?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.K. government says that the ETA app “enables most applicants to receive a decision in hours” and that applicants will “usually get a decision within 3 working days, but you may get a quicker decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the Home Office warns that it may “occasionally” take longer than three working days. So make sure you apply for your ETA well ahead of your departure date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What if my ETA application is unsuccessful?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.K. Home Office says that \u003ca href=\"https://homeofficemedia.blog.gov.uk/electronic-travel-authorisation-eta-factsheet-november-2024/\">if your ETA application is “rejected,” you’ll be informed of the reason and can apply again\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if your ETA application is “refused,” you won’t be able to apply again, and you can’t appeal the decision. Instead, you’ll have to apply for a visa to visit the U.K.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"apply-europe-etias\">\u003c/a>New travel rules for U.S. citizens visiting Europe in 2025\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do I need to know about visiting Europe as a U.S. citizen in 2025?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting sometime in mid-2025, U.S. citizens visiting 30 European countries will need to apply online for travel authorization through the European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS). This new requirement will include any children who are traveling and will also apply to travelers who are transiting through these countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no firm date for ETIAS travel authorizations coming into effect, and applications aren’t open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After applying online, you’ll receive an email confirming your ETIAS travel authorization has been successful. This authorization will then be digitally linked to the passport you applied with and \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/faqs-etias_en#validity-and-renewal\">will last for three years or until your passport expires\u003c/a> — whichever comes first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018959\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/italy-tourism.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/italy-tourism.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/italy-tourism-800x533.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/italy-tourism-1020x680.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/italy-tourism-160x107.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/italy-tourism-1536x1024.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">If you’re hoping to visit a European country like Italy in 2025, stay up-to-date with applications for the ETIAS travel authorization for U.S. citizens. \u003ccite>(Lorado/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Which European countries will U.S. citizens need ETIAS travel authorization to visit in 2025?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/who-should-apply_en#ETIAS-countries\">The full list of countries that U.S. citizens will soon need ETIAS travel authorization to visit\u003c/a>: France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Portugal, Iceland, Croatia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden and Switzerland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. citizens who also have European Union (EU) nationality do not need to apply for ETIAS travel authorization. \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/faqs-etias_en\">See who else is exempt from ETIAS travel authorization\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How will I apply for ETIAS travel authorization when it comes into effect?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When applications open, \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias_en\">you’ll apply online on the EU’s website\u003c/a>. Applications will cost €7 (around $7–8), but those costs are waived for minors. \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/faqs-etias_en#applying-for-an-etias-travel-authorisation\">Read more about the types of information you’ll be asked to provide in your application\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One important thing if you’re planning to visit Europe in 2025: To receive ETIAS travel authorization, \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/faqs-etias_en#applying-for-an-etias-travel-authorisation\">your U.S. passport will need to be valid for more than three months after you’d be \u003cem>leaving\u003c/em> Europe\u003c/a>. Also, your passport can’t be older than 10 years. So, if you were looking for a reason to renew your passport, 2025 might be a good time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When applications open, beware of any third-party website seeking to charge you more for processing your ETIAS travel authorization application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long will getting ETIAS travel authorization take?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EU says that \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/faqs-etias_en#applying-for-an-etias-travel-authorisation\">most ETIAS travel authorization applications “will be processed within minutes and at the latest within 96 hours”\u003c/a> — but warns that “some applicants may be asked to provide additional information or documentation or to participate in an interview with national authorities, which may take up to additional 30 days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this reason, “we strongly advise you to obtain the ETIAS travel authorization before you buy your tickets and book your hotels,” officials say. So, if you’re hoping to visit Europe in 2025, \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias_en\">it’s worth keeping an eye on the EU’s official ETIAS website for updates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What if my ETIAS travel authorization application is unsuccessful?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EU lists \u003ca href=\"https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias/faqs-etias_en#refusals-cancellations-and-appeals\">several reasons your ETIAS travel authorization could be denied\u003c/a>, including if you’re “considered to pose a security, illegal immigration or high epidemic risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re denied, you’ll be told the reason by email, which will also provide information about your options to appeal the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\"> California\u003c/a> lawmaker wants to create a safe zone around schools to protect immigrant students and their parents against the threat of large-scale deportations by President-elect Donald Trump’s incoming administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Senate Majority Leader Lena Gonzalez introduced a bill this week in response to concerns that Trump would scrap the federal government’s long-standing policy to generally avoid conducting \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/ero-outreach/pdf/10029.2-policy.pdf\">immigration enforcement actions in “sensitive locations\u003c/a>” such as schools, hospitals and places of worship. One in five, or 20%, of California children \u003ca href=\"https://immigrantdataca.org/indicators/mixed-status-families\">live in mixed-status families\u003c/a> where at least one one of their relatives is an undocumented immigrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez’s \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB48\">bill \u003c/a>would prohibit local police from assisting U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents in the one-mile radius around a school. It also would not allow immigration authorities to enter schools or obtain information about students, their families and school employees without a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All California children deserve safe school environments that prioritize student learning, regardless of immigration status,” Gonzalez said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her bill comes two weeks after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016440/california-bill-would-protect-schools-child-care-centers-from-immigration-raids\">another state lawmaker proposed\u003c/a> barring ICE agents from entering a school or child care center without a statement of purpose, court order and approval from the district superintendent or other supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals come amid escalating fears of mass deportation as Trump’s inauguration approaches on Jan. 20, 2025. \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/7200212/person-of-the-year-2024-donald-trump/\">In an interview published by Time magazine\u003c/a> last week, Trump said he was willing to enlist the military to round up and deport undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989678\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989678\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1218\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-800x508.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-1020x647.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-1536x974.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students’ backpacks hang outside the transitional kindergarten classroom at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Education leaders say his rhetoric is already creating a chilling effect on immigrant children and parents who live in fear of deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard from elementary school teachers experiencing a kid coming to school, just crying and wanting to be held because they’re so worried [about whether] their parent is going to pick them up after school,’” said Xilonin Cruz-Gonzalez, co-founder of National Newcomer Network, a coalition of educators, researchers and advocates dedicated to newcomer education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said teachers are concerned the stress will impede student’s ability to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Oakland International High School, some newcomer students with after-school jobs are facing additional pressure to work more to pay immigration lawyers to fight their cases, said Lauren Markham, director of the school’s learning lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Markham expressed concern that the urgency to work more may lead the students to miss classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12017430 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/HarmeetDhillon-1180x793.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our students are incredibly afraid that they or their parents are going to be swept up in immigration raids,” Markham said. “There is a pervasive sense of uncertainty, and this kind of looming, amorphous threat that ‘at any moment I may be sent home’ to, in many cases, a place of danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified School District already has trained staff on how to respond to potential immigration enforcement at schools, and it urges immigrant parents to make a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ousd.org/know-your-rights/for-immigrant-families\">“family safety plan,”\u003c/a> including naming a trusted adult to take care of their child in case they get detained or deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Trump’s first term, \u003ca href=\"https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/immigration-immigrant-students/u.s.-immigration-enforcement-policy-and-its-impact-on-teaching-and-learning-in-the-nations-schools\">researchers at the Civil Rights Project at UCLA \u003c/a>found that his immigration policies contributed to increased absenteeism, decreased student achievement and parent disengagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers surveyed 3600 educators in more than 700 schools in 12 states and discovered that increased absenteeism led to lower funding for schools, which affected support services for all students, said Patricia Gandara, a co-director of the project. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because most of the schools where immigrant students are found are poor schools, they [had] a hard time meeting the very deep needs of the students,” Gandara said. “Even the students who were not from immigrant families were being affected by this because of the climate in the school, the climate in the classroom, and the concern for the other students who were more targeted. So it was having a devastating effect on the schools that most need help,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said legislation to beef up protections for immigrant students sends a message to those students that schools have their back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the really sad things that we heard from teachers was that oftentimes, their best students were giving up. Because the kids would say, ‘I don’t see that I have a future in this country. Why am I knocking myself out to try and go to college if I have no future?” Gandara said. “So if these young people hear that legislators and other people in the schools are really working on their behalf and are trying to protect them, I think that’s helpful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: An earlier version of this story incorrectly stated the number of schools surveyed by researchers at the Civil Rights Project at UCLA. The story has been updated to reflect that they surveyed 3600 educators in more than 700 schools in 12 states.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\"> California\u003c/a> lawmaker wants to create a safe zone around schools to protect immigrant students and their parents against the threat of large-scale deportations by President-elect Donald Trump’s incoming administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Senate Majority Leader Lena Gonzalez introduced a bill this week in response to concerns that Trump would scrap the federal government’s long-standing policy to generally avoid conducting \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/ero-outreach/pdf/10029.2-policy.pdf\">immigration enforcement actions in “sensitive locations\u003c/a>” such as schools, hospitals and places of worship. One in five, or 20%, of California children \u003ca href=\"https://immigrantdataca.org/indicators/mixed-status-families\">live in mixed-status families\u003c/a> where at least one one of their relatives is an undocumented immigrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez’s \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB48\">bill \u003c/a>would prohibit local police from assisting U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents in the one-mile radius around a school. It also would not allow immigration authorities to enter schools or obtain information about students, their families and school employees without a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All California children deserve safe school environments that prioritize student learning, regardless of immigration status,” Gonzalez said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her bill comes two weeks after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016440/california-bill-would-protect-schools-child-care-centers-from-immigration-raids\">another state lawmaker proposed\u003c/a> barring ICE agents from entering a school or child care center without a statement of purpose, court order and approval from the district superintendent or other supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals come amid escalating fears of mass deportation as Trump’s inauguration approaches on Jan. 20, 2025. \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/7200212/person-of-the-year-2024-donald-trump/\">In an interview published by Time magazine\u003c/a> last week, Trump said he was willing to enlist the military to round up and deport undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989678\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989678\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1218\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-800x508.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-1020x647.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-1536x974.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students’ backpacks hang outside the transitional kindergarten classroom at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Education leaders say his rhetoric is already creating a chilling effect on immigrant children and parents who live in fear of deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard from elementary school teachers experiencing a kid coming to school, just crying and wanting to be held because they’re so worried [about whether] their parent is going to pick them up after school,’” said Xilonin Cruz-Gonzalez, co-founder of National Newcomer Network, a coalition of educators, researchers and advocates dedicated to newcomer education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said teachers are concerned the stress will impede student’s ability to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Oakland International High School, some newcomer students with after-school jobs are facing additional pressure to work more to pay immigration lawyers to fight their cases, said Lauren Markham, director of the school’s learning lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Markham expressed concern that the urgency to work more may lead the students to miss classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our students are incredibly afraid that they or their parents are going to be swept up in immigration raids,” Markham said. “There is a pervasive sense of uncertainty, and this kind of looming, amorphous threat that ‘at any moment I may be sent home’ to, in many cases, a place of danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified School District already has trained staff on how to respond to potential immigration enforcement at schools, and it urges immigrant parents to make a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ousd.org/know-your-rights/for-immigrant-families\">“family safety plan,”\u003c/a> including naming a trusted adult to take care of their child in case they get detained or deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Trump’s first term, \u003ca href=\"https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/immigration-immigrant-students/u.s.-immigration-enforcement-policy-and-its-impact-on-teaching-and-learning-in-the-nations-schools\">researchers at the Civil Rights Project at UCLA \u003c/a>found that his immigration policies contributed to increased absenteeism, decreased student achievement and parent disengagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers surveyed 3600 educators in more than 700 schools in 12 states and discovered that increased absenteeism led to lower funding for schools, which affected support services for all students, said Patricia Gandara, a co-director of the project. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because most of the schools where immigrant students are found are poor schools, they [had] a hard time meeting the very deep needs of the students,” Gandara said. “Even the students who were not from immigrant families were being affected by this because of the climate in the school, the climate in the classroom, and the concern for the other students who were more targeted. So it was having a devastating effect on the schools that most need help,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said legislation to beef up protections for immigrant students sends a message to those students that schools have their back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the really sad things that we heard from teachers was that oftentimes, their best students were giving up. Because the kids would say, ‘I don’t see that I have a future in this country. Why am I knocking myself out to try and go to college if I have no future?” Gandara said. “So if these young people hear that legislators and other people in the schools are really working on their behalf and are trying to protect them, I think that’s helpful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: An earlier version of this story incorrectly stated the number of schools surveyed by researchers at the Civil Rights Project at UCLA. The story has been updated to reflect that they surveyed 3600 educators in more than 700 schools in 12 states.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">President-elect Donald Trump has doubled down on his campaign promise to deport millions off undocumented people living in the United States. In turn, California officials have promised to protect the state’s undocumented population. KQED’s Political Breakdown podcast sat immigration senior editor Tyche Hendricks to talk about how far Trump’s deportation plans can go in California, and how immigrant communities and legal advocacy groups are preparing to fight back. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Links:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016037/california-is-a-sanctuary-state-how-much-protection-will-that-give-immigrants-from-trumps-deportation-plans\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California Is a Sanctuary State. How Much Will That Protect Immigrants From Trump’s Deportation Plans?\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">President-elect Donald Trump has doubled down on his campaign promise to deport millions off undocumented people living in the United States. In turn, California officials have promised to protect the state’s undocumented population. KQED’s Political Breakdown podcast sat immigration senior editor Tyche Hendricks to talk about how far Trump’s deportation plans can go in California, and how immigrant communities and legal advocacy groups are preparing to fight back. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Links:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016037/california-is-a-sanctuary-state-how-much-protection-will-that-give-immigrants-from-trumps-deportation-plans\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California Is a Sanctuary State. How Much Will That Protect Immigrants From Trump’s Deportation Plans?\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal immigration authorities are looking for a potential new detention center in Northern California, an effort that alarms advocates and some Democratic state lawmakers as President-elect Donald Trump gears up to unleash his mass deportation plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) issued a request for information to identify additional detention bed space in the state as other federal agencies intensified border enforcement. The effort began in the wake of the Biden administration’s sweeping asylum ban, implemented in June, for migrants caught crossing the U.S.-Mexico border outside designated entry points. Under the ban, border agents can deport such migrants within hours or days without considering their asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say an expansion of detention space would give Trump a runway to carry out more mass deportations in California. Immigrants in counties with more detention space are more likely to be arrested and detained, according to research by advocacy groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike in Texas, where state officials are offering up land to the Trump administration to facilitate mass deportations, California tried to ban new federal immigrant detention centers from opening during the first Trump administration. The court blocked that, ruling that the state was unconstitutionally overstepping on federal immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta told CalMatters that the state may be powerless to stop the possibility of a new facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>ICE’s expansion plans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Federal documents show ICE issued the request for information on Aug. 14. Such requests can pave the way for federal contracts, in this case to obtain “available detention facilities for single adult populations (male and female)” in Arizona, New Mexico, Washington, Oregon, and California. Its request says the facilities should each have from 850 to 950 detention beds and “may be publicly or privately owned and publicly or privately operated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the facilities should be within a two-hour drive of the San Francisco field office, the documents state. The request also seeks facilities near field offices in Phoenix, El Paso, and Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE has identified a need for immigration detention services within the Western U.S. area of responsibility,” ICE spokesman Richard Beam wrote in an email to CalMatters. “The proposed services are part of ICE’s effort to continually review its detention requirements and explore options that will afford ICE the operational flexibility needed to house the full range of detainees in the agency’s custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='immigration']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, ICE detains roughly 38,000 people every day in about 120 immigration jails across the country. In California, that number is just under 3,000 detainees each day, held in six facilities, according to the most recently available immigration data maintained by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse at Syracuse University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the third-largest population of detained immigrants in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While ICE, the federal agency responsible for immigration enforcement, owns and operates a very small number of facilities nationwide, it mostly contracts with private prison operators such as CoreCivic, GEO Group, and Management and Training Corp. Their detention facilities house 80% of ICE’s detainees. Stock for CoreCivic and GEO Group soared upon Trump’s win last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, private, for-profit prison companies run all six ICE detention facilities – the Golden State Annex and Mesa Verde detention facilities in Kern County; the Adelanto Detention Facility and Desert View Annex, both in San Bernardino County; the Otay Mesa Detention Center in San Diego County; and the Imperial Regional Detention Facility in Imperial County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across all six, the federal government has the capacity to detain up to 7,188 people statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12015881\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12015881 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1696\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-1536x1017.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-2048x1357.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-1920x1272.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former US President Donald Trump speaks about immigration and border security near Coronado National Memorial in Montezuma Pass, Arizona, Aug. 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Olivier Touron/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State Sen. María Elena Durazo, a Democrat from Los Angeles, said she was concerned about the potential economic impacts of ICE having an increased capacity for detention and, therefore, deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The expansion of detention in California concerns everyone in our state. Expanding detention correlates with increased ICE raids and family separation, all of which has devastating social and economic impacts for California,” she said. “In addition, these facilities are run by private for-profit companies that consistently place their bottom-line profit above the health and safety of those who work in or are detained in these facilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates argue that detention expansions lead to human rights abuses and undermine community safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An expansion of ICE detention operations within the Bay Area and Northern California is going to be part of a reign of terror on our communities the Trump administration is threatening,” said Bree Bernwanger, a senior staff attorney on the Immigrants’ Rights team at the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California. “We already know from existing facilities within California that ICE does not and cannot maintain safe and or healthy standards of confinement for people inside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU is suing to learn more about the federal agency’s expanded detention plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernwanger was referring to issues like complaints of sexually abusive pat downs. Also, in 2023, ICE allegedly retaliated against hunger strikers by storming into their cells, violently dragging them, threatening them with forced feedings, and then providing food that was not appropriate for breaking a 21-day fast, prompting a medical condition in at least one inmate, according to a claim filed by the inmate, who was represented by two advocacy groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, the civil liberties organization released a 34-page report detailing 485 grievances filed by detainees across six immigration detention facilities in California between 2023 and June 2024. Those grievances included allegations of hazardous facilities, inhumane treatment, medical neglect, and retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to comment on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California failed to ban for-profit federal detention centers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In December 2019, California passed a law that would have banned private immigration detention centers. It was part of a wave of resistance by California Democrats to the first Trump administration. It also prohibited the state from using for-profit prisons for any inmates starting in 2028. The for-profit facilities “contribute to over-incarceration” and “do not reflect our values,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a statement when signing the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days before the law was set to go into effect, ICE signed new contracts for its facilities in California. The federal 9th Circuit Court of Appeals later overturned the state’s ban on private prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12013478\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12013478 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Attorney General Rob Bonta speaks with KQED politics reporters Marisa Lagos and Scott Shafer for Political Breakdown at the KQED offices in San Francisco on Nov. 7, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bonta, who wrote the unsuccessful ban as an Oakland Assembly member, told CalMatters in November that the state might not be able to stop ICE from opening another detention facility outside of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a matter of federal jurisdiction,” Bonta said. “It’s federal. I disagree, but my office’s disagreement was considered, and the court determined that it was a federal issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal immigration authorities are looking for a potential new detention center in Northern California, an effort that alarms advocates and some Democratic state lawmakers as President-elect Donald Trump gears up to unleash his mass deportation plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) issued a request for information to identify additional detention bed space in the state as other federal agencies intensified border enforcement. The effort began in the wake of the Biden administration’s sweeping asylum ban, implemented in June, for migrants caught crossing the U.S.-Mexico border outside designated entry points. Under the ban, border agents can deport such migrants within hours or days without considering their asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say an expansion of detention space would give Trump a runway to carry out more mass deportations in California. Immigrants in counties with more detention space are more likely to be arrested and detained, according to research by advocacy groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike in Texas, where state officials are offering up land to the Trump administration to facilitate mass deportations, California tried to ban new federal immigrant detention centers from opening during the first Trump administration. The court blocked that, ruling that the state was unconstitutionally overstepping on federal immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta told CalMatters that the state may be powerless to stop the possibility of a new facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>ICE’s expansion plans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Federal documents show ICE issued the request for information on Aug. 14. Such requests can pave the way for federal contracts, in this case to obtain “available detention facilities for single adult populations (male and female)” in Arizona, New Mexico, Washington, Oregon, and California. Its request says the facilities should each have from 850 to 950 detention beds and “may be publicly or privately owned and publicly or privately operated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the facilities should be within a two-hour drive of the San Francisco field office, the documents state. The request also seeks facilities near field offices in Phoenix, El Paso, and Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE has identified a need for immigration detention services within the Western U.S. area of responsibility,” ICE spokesman Richard Beam wrote in an email to CalMatters. “The proposed services are part of ICE’s effort to continually review its detention requirements and explore options that will afford ICE the operational flexibility needed to house the full range of detainees in the agency’s custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, ICE detains roughly 38,000 people every day in about 120 immigration jails across the country. In California, that number is just under 3,000 detainees each day, held in six facilities, according to the most recently available immigration data maintained by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse at Syracuse University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the third-largest population of detained immigrants in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While ICE, the federal agency responsible for immigration enforcement, owns and operates a very small number of facilities nationwide, it mostly contracts with private prison operators such as CoreCivic, GEO Group, and Management and Training Corp. Their detention facilities house 80% of ICE’s detainees. Stock for CoreCivic and GEO Group soared upon Trump’s win last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, private, for-profit prison companies run all six ICE detention facilities – the Golden State Annex and Mesa Verde detention facilities in Kern County; the Adelanto Detention Facility and Desert View Annex, both in San Bernardino County; the Otay Mesa Detention Center in San Diego County; and the Imperial Regional Detention Facility in Imperial County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across all six, the federal government has the capacity to detain up to 7,188 people statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12015881\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12015881 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1696\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-1536x1017.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-2048x1357.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-2167160569-1920x1272.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former US President Donald Trump speaks about immigration and border security near Coronado National Memorial in Montezuma Pass, Arizona, Aug. 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Olivier Touron/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State Sen. María Elena Durazo, a Democrat from Los Angeles, said she was concerned about the potential economic impacts of ICE having an increased capacity for detention and, therefore, deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The expansion of detention in California concerns everyone in our state. Expanding detention correlates with increased ICE raids and family separation, all of which has devastating social and economic impacts for California,” she said. “In addition, these facilities are run by private for-profit companies that consistently place their bottom-line profit above the health and safety of those who work in or are detained in these facilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates argue that detention expansions lead to human rights abuses and undermine community safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An expansion of ICE detention operations within the Bay Area and Northern California is going to be part of a reign of terror on our communities the Trump administration is threatening,” said Bree Bernwanger, a senior staff attorney on the Immigrants’ Rights team at the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California. “We already know from existing facilities within California that ICE does not and cannot maintain safe and or healthy standards of confinement for people inside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU is suing to learn more about the federal agency’s expanded detention plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernwanger was referring to issues like complaints of sexually abusive pat downs. Also, in 2023, ICE allegedly retaliated against hunger strikers by storming into their cells, violently dragging them, threatening them with forced feedings, and then providing food that was not appropriate for breaking a 21-day fast, prompting a medical condition in at least one inmate, according to a claim filed by the inmate, who was represented by two advocacy groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, the civil liberties organization released a 34-page report detailing 485 grievances filed by detainees across six immigration detention facilities in California between 2023 and June 2024. Those grievances included allegations of hazardous facilities, inhumane treatment, medical neglect, and retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to comment on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California failed to ban for-profit federal detention centers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In December 2019, California passed a law that would have banned private immigration detention centers. It was part of a wave of resistance by California Democrats to the first Trump administration. It also prohibited the state from using for-profit prisons for any inmates starting in 2028. The for-profit facilities “contribute to over-incarceration” and “do not reflect our values,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a statement when signing the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days before the law was set to go into effect, ICE signed new contracts for its facilities in California. The federal 9th Circuit Court of Appeals later overturned the state’s ban on private prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12013478\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12013478 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241107-ATTORNEYGENERALBONTA-09-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Attorney General Rob Bonta speaks with KQED politics reporters Marisa Lagos and Scott Shafer for Political Breakdown at the KQED offices in San Francisco on Nov. 7, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bonta, who wrote the unsuccessful ban as an Oakland Assembly member, told CalMatters in November that the state might not be able to stop ICE from opening another detention facility outside of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a matter of federal jurisdiction,” Bonta said. “It’s federal. I disagree, but my office’s disagreement was considered, and the court determined that it was a federal issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "not-all-california-schools-get-the-same-civics-lessons-heres-why",
"title": "Not All California Schools Get the Same Civics Lessons. Here's Why",
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"headTitle": "Not All California Schools Get the Same Civics Lessons. Here’s Why | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>At some high schools in California, civics is everywhere. It’s part of science and history classes. It’s after school at student council and newspaper meetings. It even happens outside of school, on field trips to the Capitol and volunteer projects in the community. And after four years, it’s recognized with a gold seal on students’ diplomas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most California high school students don’t have those opportunities. Lower-income students and those in politically mixed — or “purple” — areas where parent pushback is more common often miss out on a comprehensive education on how government works and why it matters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/07/12/voter-turnout-2018-2022/\">Voter turnout\u003c/a> among adults nationwide might reflect that disparity in civic engagement, although there are many factors that influence people’s decision to vote and be civically engaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high, as \u003ca href=\"https://sps.columbia.edu/news/real-impact-fake-news-rise-political-misinformation-and-how-we-can-combat-its-influence\">misinformation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/be/cc/rd/index.asp\">mistrust in government\u003c/a> are on the rise, and the country reflects on a particularly divisive election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time when we need civics the most, it’s become harder to deliver for everyone,” said Joseph Kahne, an education professor at UC Riverside who’s extensively studied civics education in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All high school students in California are required to take a one-semester government course to graduate. But there’s wide variation in how schools teach that class. For example, some of those classes include hands-on projects that show how the Constitution is relevant today, while others adhere to dry textbook material that’s less engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many lower-income students don’t have access to extracurricular activities, the backbone of civics education outside the classroom. Schools that mostly serve lower-income students are \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">less likely to have those activities\u003c/a> because they typically require resources like a faculty advisor or money for materials. Nearly 60% of wealthier schools, for example, have a student news outlet, while only 39% of lower-income schools do, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">RAND found\u003c/a>. Eighty-five percent of wealthier schools have a student council, but only 73% of lower-income schools do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at wealthier schools, there’s a disparity in who participates. Lower-income students tend to have after-school jobs or family obligations, so they can’t take advantage of the same opportunities as their wealthier classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Civics education needs to be woven into the existing school day, in all subjects, so it’s accessible to all students,” said Michelle Herczog, program director of Californians for Civic Learning, which promotes civic education for all grades. “That’s the only way to make it equitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inequities are reflected in adults’ rates of civic engagement nationwide. Americans from both parties who are financially secure are \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/civic-engagement-higher-among-americans-who-are-financially-secure#:~:text=In%20a%20nationally%20representative%20survey,those%20who%20are%20financially%20insecure.\">more likely to vote, volunteer\u003c/a>, trust election results and support democracy, according to the Urban Institute. Latinos are especially affected. According to the Latino Policy and Politics Institute at UCLA, Latinos have the lowest voter registration rate of any ethnic group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that some groups of people are less likely to be civically engaged. It isn’t fair to have your voice not heard,” Kahne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Empathy and activism in San Lorenzo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some schools that serve low-income students have embraced civics education even without a surplus of funding. Students in Judy Smith’s civics classes at San Lorenzo High in the East Bay spend their days delving into issues they care about: homelessness, air pollution, police brutality, drug abuse and other topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After spending a few weeks learning the nuts-and-bolts of government and democracy, students pick their research topics and set about their plans for addressing the issues. They grill politicians, survey their classmates, write letters to government officials and present their findings to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, students were busy debating the subtleties of various policies, and poring over survey results. In a week they were scheduled to make their presentations in the school library, and Smith encouraged them to wear professional attire for the occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armando Espinoza, a senior, said the class has been life-changing. His group was looking into gun violence and its impact on young people, exploring existing laws and legal failures to restrict firearms, especially ghost guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the beginning of the year, it was like, oh, this is just for a grade,” he said. “But as I started learning more, I got engaged in how this problem affects our community. No teenager should have to live through a shooting. For me, it’s been empowering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019090\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019090\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student works on their storyboard about gun violence, during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His classmate Moniba Hussain said she chose the topic because gun violence is what drove her family from Oakland to the quiet, working-class community of San Lorenzo. Talking to politicians and debating laws with her classmates brought the issue into focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn that it could be us someday, affected by a shooting,” Hussain said. “This class has pushed us to be more passionate about issues in our community. We learn how issues affect people. We learn empathy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was so inspired by the class, in fact, she’s decided to become a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, another group of students was researching domestic violence against immigrant women, an issue that resonates in a community where more than a third of families are immigrants. Surveying more than 120 classmates, the students learned that 59% had either been a victim of domestic violence or knew someone who was, yet very few knew that there was help available for women who need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That told them that outreach needed improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women need to know there’s support for them, that they won’t be deported,” said senior Shary Cetino. “But what we learned is that there really needs to be more outreach and awareness. That’s what we’re hoping for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pushback from parents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For students in politically mixed areas of California, the obstacle isn’t money — it’s often parents. Purple areas tend to see more political conflicts, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/trans-youth-california/\">which often play out at schools\u003c/a> in the form of parental protests over “woke” curriculum, trans students’ rights or so-called culture war issues. In a 2023 RAND survey, two-thirds of teachers nationwide said they limit discussions of politics and social issues in the classroom for fear of being attacked by parents and not supported by their administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Among some parents, on the left and right, there’s a fear that civics education includes indoctrination,” said Keri Doggett, vice president of Teach Democracy, which promotes civic education. “Both Democrats and Republicans support civics education. So it’s important, now maybe more than ever, to provide a balanced point of view with multiple perspectives so students can reach their own conclusions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Healy, senior policy director at the nonprofit iCivics, which provides civics curriculum, said that declining trust in institutions is at the crux of the debate. Why teach about elections, for example, if elections are rigged? But civics education “is not about teaching blind allegiance to these institutions,” he said, “It’s about improving these institutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019096\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Lorenzo High School teacher Judy Smith teaches her 3rd period government class in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024, as they develop civic action infographics on topics ranging from gun violence to vaping. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s what makes this work difficult,” Healy added. “There’s a sense that there’s a political agenda, that schools are trying to lead students in one direction or another. The reaction has been to pull back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing controversial issues in class is a core part of civics education, Healy said. It’s how students learn to articulate their viewpoints about important issues, listen to those they don’t agree with and even occasionally change their minds. Avoiding classroom debates is “educational malpractice,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Giving students a voice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina in the San Gabriel Valley, social studies teacher Sheila Edwards has been able to minimize pushback from parents by inviting them into the classroom, sharing lesson plans and generally being transparent about what happens in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards leads her classes in monthly “civil dialogues,” where students study multiple sides of an issue, such as Supreme Court rulings or the practice of reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in school, and then debate their viewpoints. The general rules, created by students, are that speakers should be polite, attack ideas and not people, and not monopolize the discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When students create their own guidelines and lead the conversations, I’ve found that they really buy into it,” Edwards said. “When you give them a voice, they will use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019102\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019102\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters on the wall in the classroom of government and economics teacher, Judy Smith, at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. Smith challenges her students to do innovative civic engagement projects like interviewing local politicians about social issues and creating civic action infographics. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an adviser for the National Constitution Center, a national civics education organization, Edwards has trained hundreds of teachers to lead class discussions of contentious issues. She advises teachers to stick to the facts, whether it’s curriculum standards or primary sources like party platforms or the Declaration of Independence, rather than focus on individuals. If a student says they like a politician, for example, she asks them to talk about specific issues instead of their support for the person generally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it’s always dicey discussing issues like gun control or LGBTQ rights in classrooms, she said, especially in conservative areas. She often hears from teachers who feel beleaguered because of pushback from parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard time to be a teacher, social studies teachers in particular,” said Edwards, who’s been a teacher for three decades. “We are on the hot seat. But I like to think of it as an opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Struggles in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, 24 states have strengthened their civics education programs in the past few years, and the federal government has quadrupled its grant money for civics education in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture in California is less rosy.[aside tag='education' label='More Education Coverage']Five years ago, California adopted a “seal of civic engagement” for high school students as an incentive for schools to beef up their civics programs. Modeled on the state’s popular seal of biliteracy, the civics seal allows students to receive a badge on their diplomas indicating that they understand how government and citizenship works, and have researched and taken action on a problem that affects their community. The seal is meant to make the student more competitive on college and job applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last year, just 2% — or 11,000 — of graduating seniors \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/pl/hssstateseal.asp\">received a seal\u003c/a>. Only 86 districts, out of 1,000, participated. The state paperwork is fairly simple, Herczog said, but money and potential backlash from parents is often a deterrent. Although there are plenty of free and low-cost options available, some hands-on civics projects cost money, whether it’s for teacher training or for hiring a bus to take students to the capitol, and districts are reluctant to commit to new expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who wouldn’t love getting a seal on their diploma? Students love it, but sometimes it comes down to district leadership,” Herczog said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019107\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paloma Esqueda and her classmates work on developing a storyboard to plan their civic action infographic during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition, a number of bills to strengthen civic engagement have failed in recent years. One would have \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1520?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">created a new position\u003c/a> at the California Department of Education to help school districts build their seal of civic engagement programs. Another would have required schools to offer \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1094?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">hands-on civics projects\u003c/a> to complement their textbook lessons, beginning in elementary school. Both bills died in the Assembly Appropriations Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California absolutely has a ways to go,” Healy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Change might be tough to come by. While some states teach civics as a year-long course, that’s not likely to happen in California because students’ schedules are so packed with other requirements. Anything that requires money, even if it’s minimal, is likely to face opposition in the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/california-budget-deficit-legislative-analyst/\">current budget climate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates need to persist, Herczog said, because there’s a lot at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future of our democracy is threatened if civic education is not made a priority,” she said. “But it takes wisdom and bold leadership to make it happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, the San Lorenzo High civics teacher, started including hands-on projects in her civics class 15 years ago, but expanded it to include \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2023/11/fake-news-california-school/\">media literacy\u003c/a> recently when she noticed the rise of misinformation on social media and in public discourse. She wanted her students to understand how to research issues they care about, and know how to lobby for change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get lots of help, but it’s extra work and I do have high standards for the students. I want them to push themselves,” Smith said. “There are so many skills they need to be effective participants in our democracy. My hope is that this class plants the seeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Not All California Schools Get the Same Civics Lessons. Here's Why | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At some high schools in California, civics is everywhere. It’s part of science and history classes. It’s after school at student council and newspaper meetings. It even happens outside of school, on field trips to the Capitol and volunteer projects in the community. And after four years, it’s recognized with a gold seal on students’ diplomas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most California high school students don’t have those opportunities. Lower-income students and those in politically mixed — or “purple” — areas where parent pushback is more common often miss out on a comprehensive education on how government works and why it matters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/07/12/voter-turnout-2018-2022/\">Voter turnout\u003c/a> among adults nationwide might reflect that disparity in civic engagement, although there are many factors that influence people’s decision to vote and be civically engaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high, as \u003ca href=\"https://sps.columbia.edu/news/real-impact-fake-news-rise-political-misinformation-and-how-we-can-combat-its-influence\">misinformation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/be/cc/rd/index.asp\">mistrust in government\u003c/a> are on the rise, and the country reflects on a particularly divisive election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time when we need civics the most, it’s become harder to deliver for everyone,” said Joseph Kahne, an education professor at UC Riverside who’s extensively studied civics education in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All high school students in California are required to take a one-semester government course to graduate. But there’s wide variation in how schools teach that class. For example, some of those classes include hands-on projects that show how the Constitution is relevant today, while others adhere to dry textbook material that’s less engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many lower-income students don’t have access to extracurricular activities, the backbone of civics education outside the classroom. Schools that mostly serve lower-income students are \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">less likely to have those activities\u003c/a> because they typically require resources like a faculty advisor or money for materials. Nearly 60% of wealthier schools, for example, have a student news outlet, while only 39% of lower-income schools do, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">RAND found\u003c/a>. Eighty-five percent of wealthier schools have a student council, but only 73% of lower-income schools do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at wealthier schools, there’s a disparity in who participates. Lower-income students tend to have after-school jobs or family obligations, so they can’t take advantage of the same opportunities as their wealthier classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Civics education needs to be woven into the existing school day, in all subjects, so it’s accessible to all students,” said Michelle Herczog, program director of Californians for Civic Learning, which promotes civic education for all grades. “That’s the only way to make it equitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inequities are reflected in adults’ rates of civic engagement nationwide. Americans from both parties who are financially secure are \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/civic-engagement-higher-among-americans-who-are-financially-secure#:~:text=In%20a%20nationally%20representative%20survey,those%20who%20are%20financially%20insecure.\">more likely to vote, volunteer\u003c/a>, trust election results and support democracy, according to the Urban Institute. Latinos are especially affected. According to the Latino Policy and Politics Institute at UCLA, Latinos have the lowest voter registration rate of any ethnic group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that some groups of people are less likely to be civically engaged. It isn’t fair to have your voice not heard,” Kahne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Empathy and activism in San Lorenzo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some schools that serve low-income students have embraced civics education even without a surplus of funding. Students in Judy Smith’s civics classes at San Lorenzo High in the East Bay spend their days delving into issues they care about: homelessness, air pollution, police brutality, drug abuse and other topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After spending a few weeks learning the nuts-and-bolts of government and democracy, students pick their research topics and set about their plans for addressing the issues. They grill politicians, survey their classmates, write letters to government officials and present their findings to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, students were busy debating the subtleties of various policies, and poring over survey results. In a week they were scheduled to make their presentations in the school library, and Smith encouraged them to wear professional attire for the occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armando Espinoza, a senior, said the class has been life-changing. His group was looking into gun violence and its impact on young people, exploring existing laws and legal failures to restrict firearms, especially ghost guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the beginning of the year, it was like, oh, this is just for a grade,” he said. “But as I started learning more, I got engaged in how this problem affects our community. No teenager should have to live through a shooting. For me, it’s been empowering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019090\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019090\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student works on their storyboard about gun violence, during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His classmate Moniba Hussain said she chose the topic because gun violence is what drove her family from Oakland to the quiet, working-class community of San Lorenzo. Talking to politicians and debating laws with her classmates brought the issue into focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn that it could be us someday, affected by a shooting,” Hussain said. “This class has pushed us to be more passionate about issues in our community. We learn how issues affect people. We learn empathy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was so inspired by the class, in fact, she’s decided to become a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, another group of students was researching domestic violence against immigrant women, an issue that resonates in a community where more than a third of families are immigrants. Surveying more than 120 classmates, the students learned that 59% had either been a victim of domestic violence or knew someone who was, yet very few knew that there was help available for women who need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That told them that outreach needed improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women need to know there’s support for them, that they won’t be deported,” said senior Shary Cetino. “But what we learned is that there really needs to be more outreach and awareness. That’s what we’re hoping for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pushback from parents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For students in politically mixed areas of California, the obstacle isn’t money — it’s often parents. Purple areas tend to see more political conflicts, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/trans-youth-california/\">which often play out at schools\u003c/a> in the form of parental protests over “woke” curriculum, trans students’ rights or so-called culture war issues. In a 2023 RAND survey, two-thirds of teachers nationwide said they limit discussions of politics and social issues in the classroom for fear of being attacked by parents and not supported by their administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Among some parents, on the left and right, there’s a fear that civics education includes indoctrination,” said Keri Doggett, vice president of Teach Democracy, which promotes civic education. “Both Democrats and Republicans support civics education. So it’s important, now maybe more than ever, to provide a balanced point of view with multiple perspectives so students can reach their own conclusions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Healy, senior policy director at the nonprofit iCivics, which provides civics curriculum, said that declining trust in institutions is at the crux of the debate. Why teach about elections, for example, if elections are rigged? But civics education “is not about teaching blind allegiance to these institutions,” he said, “It’s about improving these institutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019096\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Lorenzo High School teacher Judy Smith teaches her 3rd period government class in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024, as they develop civic action infographics on topics ranging from gun violence to vaping. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s what makes this work difficult,” Healy added. “There’s a sense that there’s a political agenda, that schools are trying to lead students in one direction or another. The reaction has been to pull back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing controversial issues in class is a core part of civics education, Healy said. It’s how students learn to articulate their viewpoints about important issues, listen to those they don’t agree with and even occasionally change their minds. Avoiding classroom debates is “educational malpractice,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Giving students a voice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina in the San Gabriel Valley, social studies teacher Sheila Edwards has been able to minimize pushback from parents by inviting them into the classroom, sharing lesson plans and generally being transparent about what happens in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards leads her classes in monthly “civil dialogues,” where students study multiple sides of an issue, such as Supreme Court rulings or the practice of reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in school, and then debate their viewpoints. The general rules, created by students, are that speakers should be polite, attack ideas and not people, and not monopolize the discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When students create their own guidelines and lead the conversations, I’ve found that they really buy into it,” Edwards said. “When you give them a voice, they will use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019102\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019102\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters on the wall in the classroom of government and economics teacher, Judy Smith, at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. Smith challenges her students to do innovative civic engagement projects like interviewing local politicians about social issues and creating civic action infographics. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an adviser for the National Constitution Center, a national civics education organization, Edwards has trained hundreds of teachers to lead class discussions of contentious issues. She advises teachers to stick to the facts, whether it’s curriculum standards or primary sources like party platforms or the Declaration of Independence, rather than focus on individuals. If a student says they like a politician, for example, she asks them to talk about specific issues instead of their support for the person generally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it’s always dicey discussing issues like gun control or LGBTQ rights in classrooms, she said, especially in conservative areas. She often hears from teachers who feel beleaguered because of pushback from parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard time to be a teacher, social studies teachers in particular,” said Edwards, who’s been a teacher for three decades. “We are on the hot seat. But I like to think of it as an opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Struggles in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, 24 states have strengthened their civics education programs in the past few years, and the federal government has quadrupled its grant money for civics education in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture in California is less rosy.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Five years ago, California adopted a “seal of civic engagement” for high school students as an incentive for schools to beef up their civics programs. Modeled on the state’s popular seal of biliteracy, the civics seal allows students to receive a badge on their diplomas indicating that they understand how government and citizenship works, and have researched and taken action on a problem that affects their community. The seal is meant to make the student more competitive on college and job applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last year, just 2% — or 11,000 — of graduating seniors \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/pl/hssstateseal.asp\">received a seal\u003c/a>. Only 86 districts, out of 1,000, participated. The state paperwork is fairly simple, Herczog said, but money and potential backlash from parents is often a deterrent. Although there are plenty of free and low-cost options available, some hands-on civics projects cost money, whether it’s for teacher training or for hiring a bus to take students to the capitol, and districts are reluctant to commit to new expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who wouldn’t love getting a seal on their diploma? Students love it, but sometimes it comes down to district leadership,” Herczog said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019107\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paloma Esqueda and her classmates work on developing a storyboard to plan their civic action infographic during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition, a number of bills to strengthen civic engagement have failed in recent years. One would have \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1520?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">created a new position\u003c/a> at the California Department of Education to help school districts build their seal of civic engagement programs. Another would have required schools to offer \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1094?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">hands-on civics projects\u003c/a> to complement their textbook lessons, beginning in elementary school. Both bills died in the Assembly Appropriations Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California absolutely has a ways to go,” Healy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Change might be tough to come by. While some states teach civics as a year-long course, that’s not likely to happen in California because students’ schedules are so packed with other requirements. Anything that requires money, even if it’s minimal, is likely to face opposition in the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/california-budget-deficit-legislative-analyst/\">current budget climate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates need to persist, Herczog said, because there’s a lot at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future of our democracy is threatened if civic education is not made a priority,” she said. “But it takes wisdom and bold leadership to make it happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, the San Lorenzo High civics teacher, started including hands-on projects in her civics class 15 years ago, but expanded it to include \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2023/11/fake-news-california-school/\">media literacy\u003c/a> recently when she noticed the rise of misinformation on social media and in public discourse. She wanted her students to understand how to research issues they care about, and know how to lobby for change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get lots of help, but it’s extra work and I do have high standards for the students. I want them to push themselves,” Smith said. “There are so many skills they need to be effective participants in our democracy. My hope is that this class plants the seeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
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"timeUpdated": "6:54 PM",
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"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5154",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 11",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5258",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 29",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5692",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5694",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 4",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5697",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 7",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5698",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 8",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5699",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 9",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5701",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 11",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5702",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 12",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5704",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 14",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5705",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 15",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5706",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 16",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5707",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 17",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5708",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 18",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5709",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 19",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5746",
"raceName": "State Senate, District 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5747",
"raceName": "State Senate, District 7",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5748",
"raceName": "State Senate, District 9",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5749",
"raceName": "State Senate, District 11",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5750",
"raceName": "State Senate, District 13",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5751",
"raceName": "State Senate, District 15",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5763",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5765",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 4",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5772",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 12",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5774",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 14",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5775",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 15",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5776",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 16",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5777",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 17",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5778",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 18",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5779",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 19",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5780",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 20",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5781",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 21",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5783",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 23",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5784",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 24",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5786",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 25",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5787",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 26",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "5789",
"raceName": "State Assembly, District 28",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "6855",
"raceName": "SF Mayor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "8514",
"raceName": "U.S. House of Representatives, District 10",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "8619",
"raceName": "U.S. Senate full term",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "82961",
"raceName": "U.S. Senate unexpired term",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat."
},
{
"id": "83019",
"raceName": "Oakland Mayor recall",
"raceDescription": "Passes with majority vote."
},
{
"id": "83020",
"raceName": "Alameda DA recall",
"raceDescription": "Passes with majority vote."
},
{
"id": "83060",
"raceName": "Proposition 2",
"raceDescription": "Passes with majority vote."
},
{
"id": "83061",
"raceName": "Proposition 3",
"raceDescription": "Passes with majority vote."
},
{
"id": "83062",
"raceName": "Proposition 4",
"raceDescription": "Passes with majority vote."
},
{
"id": "83063",
"raceName": "Proposition 5",
"raceDescription": "Passes with majority vote."
},
{
"id": "83064",
"raceName": "Proposition 6",
"raceDescription": "Passes with majority vote."
},
{
"id": "83065",
"raceName": "Proposition 32",
"raceDescription": "Passes with majority vote."
},
{
"id": "83066",
"raceName": "Proposition 33",
"raceDescription": "Passes with majority vote."
},
{
"id": "83067",
"raceName": "Proposition 34",
"raceDescription": "Passes with majority vote."
},
{
"id": "83068",
"raceName": "Proposition 35",
"raceDescription": "Passes with majority vote."
},
{
"id": "83069",
"raceName": "Proposition 36",
"raceDescription": "Passes with majority vote."
}
],
"AlamedaChabotLasPositasCommunityCollegeDistrictTrusteeArea1": {
"id": "AlamedaChabotLasPositasCommunityCollegeDistrictTrusteeArea1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Chabot – Las Positas Community College District, Trustee Area 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 27293,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Hector Garcia",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 20349
},
{
"candidateName": "Luis Reynoso \r",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6944
}
]
},
"AlamedaChabotLasPositasCommunityCollegeDistrictTrusteeArea4": {
"id": "AlamedaChabotLasPositasCommunityCollegeDistrictTrusteeArea4",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Chabot - Las Positas Community College District, Trustee Area 4",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 38764,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Maria L Heredia ",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 26185
},
{
"candidateName": "Joseph Grcar",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12579
}
]
},
"AlamedaPeraltaCommunityCollegeDistrictTrusteeArea2": {
"id": "AlamedaPeraltaCommunityCollegeDistrictTrusteeArea2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Peralta Community College District, Trustee Area 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 21710,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Paulina Gonzalez",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14082
},
{
"candidateName": "Sinead Geneva Anderson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7628
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanJoaquinDeltaCommunityCollegeDistrictTrusteeArea1": {
"id": "AlamedaSanJoaquinDeltaCommunityCollegeDistrictTrusteeArea1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Joaquin Delta Community College District, Trustee Area 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 68,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Ralph Lee White",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 36
},
{
"candidateName": "Shelly Stoll Swanson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 32
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanJoaquinDeltaCommunityCollegeDistrictTrusteeArea2": {
"id": "AlamedaSanJoaquinDeltaCommunityCollegeDistrictTrusteeArea2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Joaquin Delta Community College District, Trustee Area 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 68,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Samuel Anderson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 27
},
{
"candidateName": "Julie D. Kay",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 23
},
{
"candidateName": "Dan Wright",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanJoaquinDeltaCommunityCollegeDistrictTrusteeArea6": {
"id": "AlamedaSanJoaquinDeltaCommunityCollegeDistrictTrusteeArea6",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Joaquin Delta Community College District, Trustee Area 6",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 64,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Catalina Piña",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 41
},
{
"candidateName": "Rosario Patrick",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 23
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlamedaUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard": {
"id": "AlamedaAlamedaUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Alameda Unified School District Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "To three candidates win seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 76529,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Heather Little",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 21985
},
{
"candidateName": "Meleah Hall",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 21482
},
{
"candidateName": "Joyce Boyd",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11258
},
{
"candidateName": "Jennifer Williams",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 21804
}
]
},
"AlamedaCastroValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea5": {
"id": "AlamedaCastroValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Castro Valley Unified School District Governing Board, Area 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4669,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "John Chung",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1272
},
{
"candidateName": "Mike Kusiak",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3397
}
]
},
"AlamedaDublinUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea1": {
"id": "AlamedaDublinUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Dublin Unified School District Governing Board, Area 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5101,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Kristian Reyes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3067
},
{
"candidateName": "Ramnath “Ram” Shanbhogue",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2034
}
]
},
"AlamedaEmeryUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard": {
"id": "AlamedaEmeryUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Emery Unified School District Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6089,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Elsie Joyce Lee",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2651
},
{
"candidateName": "Brian Donahue",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 832
},
{
"candidateName": "Walter Pizarro",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 707
},
{
"candidateName": "John T. Van Geffen",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1899
}
]
},
"AlamedaFremontUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea4": {
"id": "AlamedaFremontUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea4",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Fremont Unified School District Governing Board, Area 4",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 13186,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Ganesh Balamitran",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6580
},
{
"candidateName": "Rinu Nair",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6606
}
]
},
"AlamedaHaywardUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard": {
"id": "AlamedaHaywardUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Hayward Unified School District Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top three candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 117571,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Sophia Jauregui",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 17198
},
{
"candidateName": "Luis Reynoso",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18567
},
{
"candidateName": "Sara Prada",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 19824
},
{
"candidateName": "Austin Bruckner Carrillo",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18762
},
{
"candidateName": "Simon “Peter” Gutierrez Bufete",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 21408
},
{
"candidateName": "Calyn Kelley",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12879
},
{
"candidateName": "Tom Wong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8933
}
]
},
"AlamedaLammersvilleJointUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea1": {
"id": "AlamedaLammersvilleJointUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Lammersville Joint Unified School District Governing Board, Area 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 76,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "David A. Pombo",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 60
},
{
"candidateName": "Surekha Shekar",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16
}
]
},
"AlamedaLivermoreValleyJointUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard": {
"id": "AlamedaLivermoreValleyJointUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. Includes votes from Alameda and Contra Costa counties.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 65867,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Maggie Tufts",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14895
},
{
"candidateName": "Amanda Pepper",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4177
},
{
"candidateName": "Jean Paulsen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2536
},
{
"candidateName": "Tara Boyce",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13219
},
{
"candidateName": "Christiaan Vandenheuvel",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 15223
},
{
"candidateName": "Deena Kaplanis",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 15817
}
]
},
"AlamedaNewHavenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea1": {
"id": "AlamedaNewHavenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "New Haven Unified School District Governing Board, Area 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4547,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Midji Kuo-Rovetta",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1214
},
{
"candidateName": "Patricio R. Urbi",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2094
},
{
"candidateName": "Jatinder (JP) K. Sahi",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1239
}
]
},
"AlamedaNewHavenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea2": {
"id": "AlamedaNewHavenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "New Haven Unified School District Governing Board, Area 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4448,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Melanie Freeberg",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2928
},
{
"candidateName": "Michelle Parnala",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1520
}
]
},
"AlamedaNewHavenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea3": {
"id": "AlamedaNewHavenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "New Haven Unified School District Governing Board, Area 3",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5229,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Lydia Idem",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1960
},
{
"candidateName": "Michael Gonzales",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3269
}
]
},
"AlamedaNewarkUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard": {
"id": "AlamedaNewarkUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Newark Unified School District Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top three candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 32762,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Aiden Hill",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7728
},
{
"candidateName": "Vikas Minglani",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3727
},
{
"candidateName": "Gabriel Anguiano Jr.",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7435
},
{
"candidateName": "Austin Block",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7622
},
{
"candidateName": "Phuong Nguyen",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6250
}
]
},
"AlamedaPleasantonUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea3": {
"id": "AlamedaPleasantonUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Pleasanton Unified School District Governing Board, Area 3",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7101,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Donalyn Harris",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3142
},
{
"candidateName": "Kelly Mokashi",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3959
}
]
},
"AlamedaPleasantonUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea4": {
"id": "AlamedaPleasantonUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea4",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Pleasanton Unified School District Governing Board, Area 4",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6947,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Jen Flynn",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3309
},
{
"candidateName": "Charlie Jones",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3638
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanLorenzoUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea5": {
"id": "AlamedaSanLorenzoUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Lorenzo Unified School District Governing Board, Area 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
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"raceType": "top1",
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"location": "Alameda",
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{
"candidateName": "Erin Robertson",
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{
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]
},
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"id": "AlamedaACTransitDistrictDirectorWard6",
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"location": "Alameda",
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
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{
"candidateName": "Shonda Goward",
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{
"candidateName": "A. Curtis Silva",
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},
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"id": "AlamedaAlamedaCountyWaterDistrictDirectorWard5",
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"location": "Alameda",
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{
"candidateName": "Raymond Ojeda",
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},
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
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{
"candidateName": "Joseph Grcar",
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},
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
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"candidates": [{
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{
"candidateName": "Dana Lang",
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},
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
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"candidates": [{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Joseph Grcar",
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{
"candidateName": "Daniel M. Akagi",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Kenneth Owen",
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{
"candidateName": "Darshan Saini",
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"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Dave Sadoff",
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]
},
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"id": "AlamedaDublinSanRamonServicesDistrictBoardofDirectorsArea3",
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{
"candidateName": "Rich Halket",
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]
},
"AlamedaEBMUDDistrictDirectorWard5": {
"id": "AlamedaEBMUDDistrictDirectorWard5",
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"location": "Alameda",
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
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{
"candidateName": "Jim Oddie",
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{
"candidateName": "Alex Spehr",
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]
},
"AlamedaEBMUDDistrictDirectorWard6": {
"id": "AlamedaEBMUDDistrictDirectorWard6",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
"candidateName": "Richard De Vera",
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},
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
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{
"candidateName": "Lynda Deschambault",
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{
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},
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"id": "AlamedaEastBayRegionalParkDistrictDirectorWard4",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
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"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
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{
"candidateName": "Luana España",
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{
"candidateName": "Tim McMahon",
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{
"candidateName": "Susan Gonzales",
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
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{
"candidateName": "Luis Reynoso",
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]
},
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"candidates": [{
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{
"candidateName": "Joseph Grcar",
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{
"candidateName": "Louis Manuel Andrade",
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{
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Kenneth Owen",
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
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{
"candidateName": "Matt Bogdanowicz",
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Jacob Vital",
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
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{
"candidateName": "Moira “Mimi” Dean",
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{
"candidateName": "Bob Glaze",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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{
"candidateName": "Luis Reynoso",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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{
"candidateName": "Damaris Villalobos-Galindo",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8873,
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{
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [{
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{
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"location": "Alameda",
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 26526,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure O",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15697,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"AlamedaMeasureP": {
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"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure P",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7011,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 1327
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]
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"AlamedaMeasureQ": {
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"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure Q",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 23822,
"candidates": [{
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{
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]
},
"AlamedaMeasureC": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureC",
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"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure C",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8966,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
},
"AlamedaMeasureR": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureR",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure R",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Business license tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8856,
"candidates": [{
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{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
},
"AlamedaMeasureS": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureS",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure S",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Appoint city manager. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8274,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5508
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
},
"AlamedaMeasureT": {
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"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure T",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8170,
"candidates": [{
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{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 2377
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]
},
"AlamedaMeasureU": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureU",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure U",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Bonding limit. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7959,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5697
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2262
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]
},
"AlamedaMeasureV": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureV",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure V",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Youth voting. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8767,
"candidates": [{
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},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
},
"AlamedaMeasureW": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureW",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure W",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Property transfer tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 51630,
"candidates": [{
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},
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 20169
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]
},
"AlamedaMeasureX": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureX",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure X",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 53242,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 41819
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 11423
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]
},
"AlamedaMeasureY": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureY",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure Y",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52536,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 39508
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13028
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]
},
"AlamedaMeasureZ": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureZ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure Z",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Sugary drinks and sweetenders tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52929,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 42280
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10649
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureAA": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureAA",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure AA",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Spending limit. Passes with majority vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52282,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 46394
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5888
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureBB": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureBB",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure BB",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Affordable housing programs. Passes with majority vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52882,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 29623
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 23259
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureCC": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureCC",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure CC",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Affordable housing programs. Passes with majority vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 51633,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18070
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 33563
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureDD": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureDD",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure DD",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. CAFO prohibition. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 49700,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 30761
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18939
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureEE": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureEE",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure EE",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Parcel tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52312,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 23873
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 28439
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureFF": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureFF",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure FF",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Parcel tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52489,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 31942
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 20547
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureGG": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureGG",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure GG",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Fossil fuel tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52229,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16178
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 36051
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureHH": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureHH",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure HH",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Indoor air quality. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 51108,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22205
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 28903
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureII": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureII",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure II",
"raceDescription": "Dublin. Open Space Initiative. Passes with 50% vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 25701,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13649
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12052
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureJJ": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureJJ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure JJ",
"raceDescription": "Dublin. Government accountability. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 25445,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 19350
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6095
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureK1": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureK1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure K1",
"raceDescription": "Hayward. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 46707,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 38826
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7881
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureLL": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureLL",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure LL",
"raceDescription": "Newark. Transient occupancy tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15814,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12721
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3093
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureMM": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureMM",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure MM",
"raceDescription": "Oakland. Wildfire protection zone. Passes with 2/3 vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 35275,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 25125
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10150
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureNN": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureNN",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure NN",
"raceDescription": "Oakland. Parking tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 159573,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 112971
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 46602
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureOO": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureOO",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure OO",
"raceDescription": "Oakland. Public ethics comission. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 150503,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 110317
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 40186
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasurePP": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasurePP",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure PP",
"raceDescription": "Pleasanton. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 34880,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 15983
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18897
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureQQ": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureQQ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure QQ",
"raceDescription": "Union City. Gross receipts tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 24809,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 20249
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4560
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlbanyCityCouncil": {
"id": "AlamedaAlbanyCityCouncil",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Albany City Council",
"raceDescription": "Top three candidates win seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7969,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Jennifer Hansen-Romero",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2072
},
{
"candidateName": "Peggy (Margaret) McQuaid",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2150
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeremiah Garrett-Pinguelo",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 393
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Tiedemann",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1490
},
{
"candidateName": "Preston Jordan",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1864
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlbanyCityCouncilFinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaAlbanyCityCouncilFinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Albany City Council Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top three candidates win seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7865.9493,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Jennifer Hansen-Romero",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2002
},
{
"candidateName": "Peggy (Margaret) McQuaid",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2002
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeremiah Garrett-Pinguelo (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Tiedemann",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1823.9955
},
{
"candidateName": "Preston Jordan ",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2037.9538
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlbanyBoardofEducation": {
"id": "AlamedaAlbanyBoardofEducation",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Albany Board of Education",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7096,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Jolene Gazmen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1633
},
{
"candidateName": "Dayna Inkeles",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1972
},
{
"candidateName": "Brian L. Doss",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 718
},
{
"candidateName": "Veronica Davidson",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2773
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlbanyBoardofEducationFinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaAlbanyBoardofEducationFinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Albany Board of Education Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6949.5470000000005,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Jolene Gazmen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1997.5386
},
{
"candidateName": "Dayna Inkeles",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2569.0084
},
{
"candidateName": "Brian L. Doss (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Veronica Davidson",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2383
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyMayor": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyMayor",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley Mayor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52493,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Adena Ishii",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 19978
},
{
"candidateName": "Sophie Hahn",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 19633
},
{
"candidateName": "Kate Harrison",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11853
},
{
"candidateName": "Naomi D. Pete",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 501
},
{
"candidateName": "Logan Bowie",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 528
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyMayorFinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyMayorFinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley Mayor Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 49265,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Adena Ishii",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 25156
},
{
"candidateName": "Sophie Hahn",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 24109
},
{
"candidateName": "Kate Harrison (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Naomi D. Pete (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Logan Bowie (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict2": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6873,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Terry Taplin",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4787
},
{
"candidateName": "Jenny Guarino",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2086
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict3": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 3",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6344,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Deborah Matthews",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1526
},
{
"candidateName": "John “Chip” Moore",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1459
},
{
"candidateName": "Ben Bartlett",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3359
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict3FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict3FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 3 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6096,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Deborah Matthews",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1833
},
{
"candidateName": "John “Chip” Moore (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ben Bartlett",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4263
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict5": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8585,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Nilang Gor",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1063
},
{
"candidateName": "Todd Andrew",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1721
},
{
"candidateName": "Shoshana O’Keefe",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5801
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict5FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict5FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 5 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8262,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Nilang Gor (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Todd Andrew",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1995
},
{
"candidateName": "Shoshana O’Keefe",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6267
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict6": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict6",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 6",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7332,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Brent Blackaby",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4405
},
{
"candidateName": "Andy Katz",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2927
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilAtLarge": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilAtLarge",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, At Large",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 143599,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Cristina “Tina” Tostado",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5406
},
{
"candidateName": "Charlene Wang",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 30485
},
{
"candidateName": "Mindy Ruth Pechenuk",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4835
},
{
"candidateName": "Rowena Brown",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 41871
},
{
"candidateName": "Nancy Sidebotham",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2254
},
{
"candidateName": "LeRonne L. Armstrong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 39258
},
{
"candidateName": "Fabian Robinson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2794
},
{
"candidateName": "Shawn Danino",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 9695
},
{
"candidateName": "Kanitha Matoury",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5629
},
{
"candidateName": "Selika Thomas",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1372
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilAtLargeFinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilAtLargeFinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, At Large Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 127094,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Cristina “Tina” Tostado (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Charlene Wang (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Mindy Ruth Pechenuk (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Rowena Brown",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 72315
},
{
"candidateName": "Nancy Sidebotham (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "LeRonne L. Armstrong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 54779
},
{
"candidateName": "Fabian Robinson (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Shawn Danino (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Kanitha Matoury (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Selika Thomas (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict1": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 1 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 29613,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Edward C. Frank",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2581
},
{
"candidateName": "Zac Unger",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22641
},
{
"candidateName": "Len Raphael",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4391
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict1FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict1FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 1 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 29252,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Edward C. Frank (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Zac Unger",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 24350
},
{
"candidateName": "Len Raphael",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4902
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict3": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 3 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 20561,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Baba Afolabi",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1600
},
{
"candidateName": "Carroll Fife",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 9871
},
{
"candidateName": "Michelle D. Hailey",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1458
},
{
"candidateName": "Warren Mitchell Logan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6222
},
{
"candidateName": "Shan M. Hirsch",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 609
},
{
"candidateName": "Meron Semedar",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 801
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict3FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict3FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 3 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 19506,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Baba Afolabi (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Carroll Fife",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11437
},
{
"candidateName": "Michelle D. Hailey (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Warren Mitchell Logan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8069
},
{
"candidateName": "Shan M. Hirsch (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Meron Semedar (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict5": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12299,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Noel Gallo",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6482
},
{
"candidateName": "Dominic Prado",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1930
},
{
"candidateName": "Erin Armstrong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3887
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict5FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict5FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 5 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12059,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Noel Gallo",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7120
},
{
"candidateName": "Dominic Prado (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Erin Armstrong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4939
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict7": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 7",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 13089,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Merika Goolsby",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2063
},
{
"candidateName": "Ken Houston",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4428
},
{
"candidateName": "Iris Merriouns",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4132
},
{
"candidateName": "Marcie Hodge",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2466
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict7FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict7FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 7 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12106,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Merika Goolsby (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ken Houston",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6303
},
{
"candidateName": "Iris Merriouns",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5803
},
{
"candidateName": "Marcie Hodge (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityAttorney": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityAttorney",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Attorney",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 137594,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Brenda Harbin-Forte",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 56752
},
{
"candidateName": "Ryan Richardson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 80842
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict1": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland School Director, District 1 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 28794,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Rachel Latta",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22409
},
{
"candidateName": "Benjamin Salop",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6385
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict3": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland School Director, District 3 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 19777,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Dwayne Aikens Jr.",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8847
},
{
"candidateName": "VanCedric Williams",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10930
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict5": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland School Director, District 5 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12041,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Sasha Ritzie-Hernandez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5578
},
{
"candidateName": "Patrice Berry",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6463
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict7": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland School Director, District 7 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12366,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Clifford Thompson",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7776
},
{
"candidateName": "Domonic Ware",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4590
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict1": {
"id": "AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Leandro City Council, District 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 22501,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Sbeydeh Viveros Walton",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22501
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict2": {
"id": "AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Leandro City Council, District 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 28755,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Ed Hernandez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14150
},
{
"candidateName": "Bryan Azevedo",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14605
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict4": {
"id": "AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict4",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Leandro City Council, District 4 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 22361,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Fred Simon",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22361
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict6": {
"id": "AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict6",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Leandro City Council, District 6 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 27155,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Robert Aguilar Bulatao",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10457
},
{
"candidateName": "Dylan Boldt",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16698
}
]
},
"CCContraCostaCountyBoardofEducationGoverningBoardArea1": {
"id": "CCContraCostaCountyBoardofEducationGoverningBoardArea1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Contra Costa County Board of Education Governing Board, Area 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:39 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 71155,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Anthony Edward Caro",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 28949
},
{
"candidateName": "Daniel Nathan-Heiss",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 42206
}
]
},
"CCContraCostaCountyBoardofEducationGoverningBoardArea3": {
"id": "CCContraCostaCountyBoardofEducationGoverningBoardArea3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Contra Costa County Board of Education Governing Board, Area 3",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:39 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 79805,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yazmin Llamas",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 50322
},
{
"candidateName": "Vicki Gordon",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 29483
}
]
},
"CCContraCostaCommunityCollegeDistrictGoverningBoardWard2": {
"id": "CCContraCostaCommunityCollegeDistrictGoverningBoardWard2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Contra Costa Community College District Governing Board, Ward 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:39 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 104994,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Diana J. Honig",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 77127
},
{
"candidateName": "Kofi Opong-Mensah",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 27867
}
]
},
"CCContraCostaCommunityCollegeDistrictGoverningBoardWard5": {
"id": "CCContraCostaCommunityCollegeDistrictGoverningBoardWard5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Contra Costa Community College District Governing Board, Ward 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:39 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 70073,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Debra Vinson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 25582
},
{
"candidateName": "Fernando Sandoval",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 44491
}
]
},
"CCAcalanesUnionHighSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard": {
"id": "CCAcalanesUnionHighSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Acalanes Union High School District Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:39 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 94219,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Andrew Fontan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11782
},
{
"candidateName": "Sibyl Minighini",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10578
},
{
"candidateName": "Wendy Reicher",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 28513
},
{
"candidateName": "Paul Chopra",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 23698
},
{
"candidateName": "Peter Catalano",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4987
},
{
"candidateName": "Stacey Schweppe",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14661
}
]
},
"CCAntiochUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea3": {
"id": "CCAntiochUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Antioch Unified School District Governing Board, Area 3",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:39 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 9022,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Scott Bergerhouse",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4191
},
{
"candidateName": "Dee Brown",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4831
}
]
},
"CCAntiochUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea4": {
"id": "CCAntiochUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea4",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Antioch Unified School District Governing Board, Area 4",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:39 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7986,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Gary Hack",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3157
},
{
"candidateName": "Olga Cobos-Smith",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4829
}
]
},
"CCLivermoreValleyJointUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard": {
"id": "CCLivermoreValleyJointUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. Includes votes from Contra Costa and Alameda counties.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:39 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 65867,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Maggie Tufts",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14895
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"timeUpdated": "7:39 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:39 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:39 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:39 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
"candidateName": "Larry L. Russell",
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"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
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{
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [{
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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},
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7144,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
},
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 26157,
"candidates": [{
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},
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
},
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"id": "MarinMeasureN",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Measure N",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7470,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
},
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"id": "MarinMeasureO",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Measure O",
"raceDescription": "San Anselmo. Tenant benefits. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7560,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 5004
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]
},
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Measure P",
"raceDescription": "San Rafael. Parcel tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 23788,
"candidates": [{
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"voteCount": 12375
},
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 11413
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]
},
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Measure Q",
"raceDescription": "Stinson Beach Fire Protection District. Spending limit. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 332,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 309
},
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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},
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"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Measure R",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:57 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 335,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 274
},
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
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"id": "NapaNapaCountyBoardofEducationTrusteeArea5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Napa County Board of Education, Trustee Area 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7504,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2163
},
{
"candidateName": "Gerald Parrott \r",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5341
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]
},
"NapaSolanoCountyBoardofEducationTrusteeArea2": {
"id": "NapaSolanoCountyBoardofEducationTrusteeArea2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Solano County Board of Education, Trustee Area 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. Includes votes from Napa and Solano counties.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 28859,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10075
},
{
"candidateName": "Carol J. Kalamaras",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5417
},
{
"candidateName": "Amy Sharp",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13367
}
]
},
"NapaNapaValleyCollegeTrusteeArea6": {
"id": "NapaNapaValleyCollegeTrusteeArea6",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Napa Valley College, Trustee Area 6",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8021,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4839
},
{
"candidateName": "Scott Owens",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3182
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]
},
"NapaNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea2": {
"id": "NapaNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Napa Valley Unified School District, Trustee Area 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6552,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4603
},
{
"candidateName": "Kevin “KDub” West",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1949
}
]
},
"NapaNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea4": {
"id": "NapaNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea4",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Napa Valley Unified School District, Trustee Area 4",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5964,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2087
},
{
"candidateName": "Eve Ryser",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3877
}
]
},
"NapaNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea5": {
"id": "NapaNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Napa Valley Unified School District, Trustee Area 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5273,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3094
},
{
"candidateName": "David T. Gracia",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2179
}
]
},
"NapaNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea7": {
"id": "NapaNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Napa Valley Unified School District, Trustee Area 7",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7113,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3199
},
{
"candidateName": "Julianna Hart",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3914
}
]
},
"NapaFairfieldSuisunUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea3": {
"id": "NapaFairfieldSuisunUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Fairfield-Suisun Unified School District, Trustee Area 3",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. Includes votes from Napa and Solano Counties.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7982,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4144
},
{
"candidateName": "Judi Honeychurch",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3838
}
]
},
"NapaAmericanCanyonMayor": {
"id": "NapaAmericanCanyonMayor",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "American Canyon Mayor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8998,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4342
},
{
"candidateName": "Pierre Washington",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4656
}
]
},
"NapaAmericanCanyonCityCouncil": {
"id": "NapaAmericanCanyonCityCouncil",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "American Canyon City Council",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 13690,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4312
},
{
"candidateName": "Elmer Andrei Manaid",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2796
},
{
"candidateName": "Davet Mohammed",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3044
},
{
"candidateName": "Brando R. Cruz",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3538
}
]
},
"NapaCalistogaMayor": {
"id": "NapaCalistogaMayor",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Calistoga Mayor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 1509,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Donald Williams",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1509
}
]
},
"NapaCalistogaCityCouncil": {
"id": "NapaCalistogaCityCouncil",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Calistoga City Council",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2676,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Marion Villalba",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Irais Lopez-Ortega",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
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]
},
"NapaNapaMayor": {
"id": "NapaNapaMayor",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Napa Mayor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Scott Sedgley",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 26672
}
]
},
"NapaNapaCityCouncilDistrict2": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Napa City Council, District 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7264,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
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]
},
"NapaNapaCityCouncilDistrict4": {
"id": "NapaNapaCityCouncilDistrict4",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Napa City Council, District 4",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Bernardo “Bernie” Narvaez",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
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]
},
"NapaStHelenaMayor": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "St Helena Mayor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2662,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Billy Summers",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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]
},
"NapaStHelenaCityCouncil": {
"id": "NapaStHelenaCityCouncil",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "St Helena City Council",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4172,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1580
},
{
"candidateName": "Hector R. Marroquin",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1076
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Barak",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1516
}
]
},
"NapaYountvilleTownCouncil": {
"id": "NapaYountvilleTownCouncil",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Yountville Town Council",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2117,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Joe Tagliaboschi",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 483
},
{
"candidateName": "Robert Moore",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 234
},
{
"candidateName": "Pam Reeves",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 651
},
{
"candidateName": "Eric E. Knight",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 749
}
]
},
"NapaMeasureBSchool": {
"id": "NapaMeasureBSchool",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Napa Valley Unified School District, Measure B",
"raceDescription": "Napa Valley Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 42267,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 23284
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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}
]
},
"NapaMeasureU": {
"id": "NapaMeasureU",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Measure U",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 60783,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 44230
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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}
]
},
"NapaMeasureG": {
"id": "NapaMeasureG",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 34724,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 19961
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14763
}
]
},
"NapaMeasureA1": {
"id": "NapaMeasureA1",
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"location": "Napa",
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"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2719,
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 1191
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
},
"NapaMeasureA2": {
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"location": "Napa",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2741,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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},
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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}
]
},
"NapaMeasureBStHelena": {
"id": "NapaMeasureBStHelena",
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"location": "Napa",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2764,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 1366
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{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
},
"SFBoardofEducation": {
"id": "SFBoardofEducation",
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"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Education",
"raceDescription": "Top four candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top4",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 1012778,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 45736
},
{
"candidateName": "Lefteris Eleftheriou",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22285
},
{
"candidateName": "Jaime Huling",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 168659
},
{
"candidateName": "Ann Hsu",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 81044
},
{
"candidateName": "John Jersin",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 122450
},
{
"candidateName": "Parag Gupta",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 139340
},
{
"candidateName": "Matt Alexander",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 122698
},
{
"candidateName": "Supryia Marie Ray",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 127834
},
{
"candidateName": "Virginia Cheung",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 101017
},
{
"candidateName": "Min Chang",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 48550
},
{
"candidateName": "Maddy Krantz",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 33165
}
]
},
"SFCommunityCollegeBoard": {
"id": "SFCommunityCollegeBoard",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Community College Board",
"raceDescription": "Top four candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top4",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 823294,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Ruth Ferguson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 114132
},
{
"candidateName": "Leanna C. Louie",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 50353
},
{
"candidateName": "Heather McCarty",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 162477
},
{
"candidateName": "Julio J. Ramos",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 38741
},
{
"candidateName": "Aliya Chisti",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 149638
},
{
"candidateName": "Ben Kaplan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 49320
},
{
"candidateName": "Alan Wong",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 140951
},
{
"candidateName": "Luis Zamora",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 117682
}
]
},
"SFBARTBoardofDirectorsDistrict7": {
"id": "SFBARTBoardofDirectorsDistrict7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District Director, District 7",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. Includes votes from San Francisco and Alameda County.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 161254,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Victor E. Flores",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 92729
},
{
"candidateName": "Dana Lang",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 68525
}
]
},
"SFBARTBoardofDirectorsDistrict9": {
"id": "SFBARTBoardofDirectorsDistrict9",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District Director, District 9",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 137871,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Edward Wright",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 86966
},
{
"candidateName": "Joe Sangirardi",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 50905
}
]
},
"SFMeasureA": {
"id": "SFMeasureA",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure A",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 377297,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 282968
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 94329
}
]
},
"SFMeasureB": {
"id": "SFMeasureB",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure B",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Community health and safety bond. Passes with 2/3 vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 376637,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 274187
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 102450
}
]
},
"SFMeasureC": {
"id": "SFMeasureC",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure C",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Inspector General position. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 370366,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 225704
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 144662
}
]
},
"SFMeasureD": {
"id": "SFMeasureD",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure D",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Commissions and mayoral authority. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 366327,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 158723
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 207604
}
]
},
"SFMeasureE": {
"id": "SFMeasureE",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure E",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Commissions task force. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 363854,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 192540
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 171314
}
]
},
"SFMeasureF": {
"id": "SFMeasureF",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure F",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Police pensions. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 361671,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 163835
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 197836
}
]
},
"SFMeasureG": {
"id": "SFMeasureG",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure G",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Affordable housing. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 370824,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 217807
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 153017
}
]
},
"SFMeasureH": {
"id": "SFMeasureH",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure H",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Firefighter pensions. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 365942,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 192601
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 173341
}
]
},
"SFMeasureI": {
"id": "SFMeasureI",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure I",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Nurse and 911 operator pensions. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 363459,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 261318
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 102141
}
]
},
"SFMeasureJ": {
"id": "SFMeasureJ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure J",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. City spending. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 362785,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 297972
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 64813
}
]
},
"SFMeasureK": {
"id": "SFMeasureK",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure K",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Permanently closing Upper Great Highway to private vehicles. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 376489,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 206042
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 170447
}
]
},
"SFMeasureL": {
"id": "SFMeasureL",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure L",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Transportation network companies tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 369575,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 210375
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 159200
}
]
},
"SFMeasureM": {
"id": "SFMeasureM",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure M",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Business tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 342310,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 237930
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 104380
}
]
},
"SFMeasureN": {
"id": "SFMeasureN",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure N",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Student loan reimbursement. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 363432,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 187979
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 175453
}
]
},
"SFMeasureO": {
"id": "SFMeasureO",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure O",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Reproductive rights. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 373249,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 312914
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 60335
}
]
},
"SFMayorRound1": {
"id": "SFMayorRound1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "San Francisco Mayor Round 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 390180,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "London Breed",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 95117
},
{
"candidateName": "Mark Farrell",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 72115
},
{
"candidateName": "Henry Flynn",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1319
},
{
"candidateName": "Keith Freedman",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2079
},
{
"candidateName": "Dylan Hirsch-Shell",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2897
},
{
"candidateName": "Daniel Lurie",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 102720
},
{
"candidateName": "Nelson Mei",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1791
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Peskin",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 89215
},
{
"candidateName": "Paul Robertson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 812
},
{
"candidateName": "Ahsha Safai",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11425
},
{
"candidateName": "Shahram Shariati",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1613
},
{
"candidateName": "Jon Soderstrom",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 412
},
{
"candidateName": "Ellen Zhou",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8665
}
]
},
"SFMayorRound3": {
"id": "SFMayorRound3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "San Francisco Mayor Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 331477,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "London Breed",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 149113
},
{
"candidateName": "Mark Farrell (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Henry Flynn (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Keith Freedman (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Dylan Hirsch-Shell (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Daniel Lurie",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 182364
},
{
"candidateName": "Nelson Mei (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Peskin (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Paul Robertson (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ahsha Safai (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Shahram Shariati (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Jon Soderstrom (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ellen Zhou (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict1": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 1 Round One",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 35478,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Sherman D'Silva",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 899
},
{
"candidateName": "Marjan Philhour",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14755
},
{
"candidateName": "Connie Chan",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16670
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeremiah Boehner",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1344
},
{
"candidateName": "Jen Nossokoff",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1810
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict1FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict1FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 1 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 34299,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Sherman D'Silva (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Marjan Philhour",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16499
},
{
"candidateName": "Connie Chan",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 17800
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeremiah Boehner (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Jen Nossokoff (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict3": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 3 Round One",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 28758,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Sharon Lai",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8489
},
{
"candidateName": "Moe Jamil",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3753
},
{
"candidateName": "Wendy Ha Chau",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1565
},
{
"candidateName": "Eduard Navarro",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 879
},
{
"candidateName": "Danny Sauter",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11272
},
{
"candidateName": "Matthew Susk",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2800
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict3FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict3FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 3 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 25568,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Sharon Lai",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11512
},
{
"candidateName": "Moe Jamil (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Wendy Ha Chau (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Eduard Navarro (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Danny Sauter",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14056
},
{
"candidateName": "Matthew Susk (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 29698,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Autumn Hope Looijen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2606
},
{
"candidateName": "Bilal Mahmood",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11840
},
{
"candidateName": "Scotty Jacobs",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2796
},
{
"candidateName": "Allen Jones",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 444
},
{
"candidateName": "Dean Preston",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12012
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 5 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 27818,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Autumn Hope Looijen (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Bilal Mahmood",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14741
},
{
"candidateName": "Scotty Jacobs (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Allen Jones (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Dean Preston",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13077
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict7": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 7 Round One",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 37318,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Myrna Melgar",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 17532
},
{
"candidateName": "Stephen Martin-Pinto",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5135
},
{
"candidateName": "Edward S. Yee",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1244
},
{
"candidateName": "Matt Boschetto",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13407
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict7FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict7FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 7 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 35412,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Myrna Melgar",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18916
},
{
"candidateName": "Stephen Martin-Pinto (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Edward S. Yee (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Matt Boschetto",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16496
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict9": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict9",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 9 Round One",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 32731,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Jackie Fielder",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13844
},
{
"candidateName": "Stephen Jon Torres",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1140
},
{
"candidateName": "Roberto Hernandez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6606
},
{
"candidateName": "Jaime Gutierrez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 931
},
{
"candidateName": "Trevor Chandler",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 9042
},
{
"candidateName": "Julian Bermudez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 600
},
{
"candidateName": "H. Brown",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 568
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict9FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict9FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 9 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 29409,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Jackie Fielder",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 17546
},
{
"candidateName": "Stephen Jon Torres (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Roberto Hernandez (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Jaime Gutierrez (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Trevor Chandler",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11863
},
{
"candidateName": "Julian Bermudez (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "H. Brown (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict11": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict11",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 11 First Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 27928,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Oscar Flores",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2896
},
{
"candidateName": "Michael Lai",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8675
},
{
"candidateName": "Roger Marenco",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 604
},
{
"candidateName": "Jose Morales",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 629
},
{
"candidateName": "Ernest “EJ” Jones",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5441
},
{
"candidateName": "Adlah Chisti",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1434
},
{
"candidateName": "Chyanne Chen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8249
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict11FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict11FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 11 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 23804,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Oscar Flores (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Michael Lai",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11803
},
{
"candidateName": "Roger Marenco (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Jose Morales (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ernest “EJ” Jones (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Adlah Chisti (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Chyanne Chen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12001
}
]
},
"SFCityAttorney": {
"id": "SFCityAttorney",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "City Attorney ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 329174,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "David Chiu",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 272857
},
{
"candidateName": "Richard T. Woon",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 56317
}
]
},
"SFDistrictAttorney": {
"id": "SFDistrictAttorney",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "District Attorney",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 347374,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Brooke Jenkins ",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 228999
},
{
"candidateName": "Ryan Khojasteh",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 118375
}
]
},
"SFSheriff": {
"id": "SFSheriff",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Sheriff ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 314864,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Michael Juan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 63768
},
{
"candidateName": "Paul Miyamoto",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 251096
}
]
},
"SFTreasurer": {
"id": "SFTreasurer",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Treasurer ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 300411,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "José Cisneros",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 300411
}
]
},
"SMCountyBoardofEducationTrusteeArea4": {
"id": "SMCountyBoardofEducationTrusteeArea4",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "County Board of Education, Trustee Area 4",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 36397,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Priya Hays",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10568
},
{
"candidateName": "Chelsea Bonini",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 25829
}
]
},
"SMCountyBoardofEducationTrusteeArea5": {
"id": "SMCountyBoardofEducationTrusteeArea5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "County Board of Education, Trustee Area 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 41938,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Maurice Goodman",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14615
},
{
"candidateName": "Mike O’Neill",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 27323
}
]
},
"SMCountyBoardofEducationTrusteeArea6": {
"id": "SMCountyBoardofEducationTrusteeArea6",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "County Board of Education, Trustee Area 6",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 39921,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Patricia Love",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 28085
},
{
"candidateName": "Ester Adut",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11836
}
]
},
"SMSanMateoCountyCommunityCollegeDistrictGoverningBoardTrusteeArea1": {
"id": "SMSanMateoCountyCommunityCollegeDistrictGoverningBoardTrusteeArea1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "San Mateo County Community College District, Governing Board, Trustee Area 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 64091,
"candidates": [{
"candidateName": "Keith Holden",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"SCMeasureD": {
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 30913,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"SCMeasureE": {
"id": "SCMeasureE",
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 49763,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateParty": "",
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"SCMeasureF": {
"id": "SCMeasureF",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure F",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 47536,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateParty": "",
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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"SCMeasureG": {
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 29492,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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},
"SCMeasureI": {
"id": "SCMeasureI",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 40532,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"SCMeasureJ": {
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 24432,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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},
"SCMeasureK": {
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 18764,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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},
"SCMeasureL": {
"id": "SCMeasureL",
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"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure L",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 23916,
"candidates": [{
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{
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},
"SCMeasureM": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 23798,
"candidates": [{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"SCMeasureN": {
"id": "SCMeasureN",
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"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure N",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"candidates": [{
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 90597,
"candidates": [{
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{
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},
"SCMeasureQ": {
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"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure Q",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"candidates": [{
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{
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"SCMeasureR": {
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"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure R",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 103124,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"SCMeasureS": {
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7160,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7158,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"candidates": [{
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{
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"SCMeasureV": {
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 20980,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 24905,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 40274,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 12266
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 28676,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure Z",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 55064,
"candidates": [{
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"candidates": [{
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{
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"SCMeasureBB": {
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 13215,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"SCMeasureCC": {
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"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure CC",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 16092,
"candidates": [{
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"voteCount": 10682
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"SCMeasureEE": {
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"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure EE",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 23185,
"candidates": [{
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"SCMeasureGG": {
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"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure GG",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4170,
"candidates": [{
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{
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"SCMeasureHH": {
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"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure HH",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"candidates": [{
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{
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Solano",
"raceName": "Solano County Board of Education, Trustee Area 2",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 2, 2024",
"totalVotes": 28859,
"candidates": [{
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{
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": true,
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"SolanoSolanoCommunityCollegeTrusteeArea3": {
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"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
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"timeUpdated": "7:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 2, 2024",
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{
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:01 PM",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 2, 2024",
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{
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{
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 2, 2024",
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{
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 2, 2024",
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"candidates": [{
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{
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{
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 2, 2024",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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]
},
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{
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{
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]
},
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{
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{
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},
{
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]
},
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"timeUpdated": "8:01 PM",
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]
},
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{
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]
},
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "8:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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},
{
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},
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