Exploring the Relationship of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Impulsiveness with the Quality of Life of Older Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Sample Size Calculation
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Sample
3.2. Correlation of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Impulsivity with Quality of Life
3.3. Predictors for Quality of Life of Elderly Patients with CVD
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strengths of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Descriptive Statistics | ||
---|---|---|
Age (M, SD) | 71.56 | 5.05 |
Sex (n, %) | ||
Male | 168 | 70.6% |
Female | 70 | 29.4% |
Civil Status (n, %) | ||
Single | 18 | 7.6% |
Married | 153 | 64.3% |
Separated/divorced | 32 | 13.4% |
Widower | 35 | 14.7% |
Education (n, %) | ||
Elementary school diploma | 54 | 22.7% |
Middle school diploma | 76 | 31.9% |
High school diploma | 89 | 37.4% |
College degree | 19 | 8.0% |
Occupation (n, %) | ||
Housekeeper | 7 | 2.9% |
Employed | 17 | 7.1% |
Unemployed | 5 | 2.1% |
Retired | 209 | 87.8% |
Smoking | ||
No | 86 | 36.6% |
Yes | 27 | 11.3% |
Past | 122 | 51.3% |
BMI (M, SD) | 34.334 | 7.358 |
BMI class (n, %) | ||
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 1 | 0.4% |
Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 33 | 13.9% |
Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m m2) | 31 | 13.0% |
Obesity class I (30–34.9 kg/m2) | 44 | 18.5% |
Obesity class II (35–39.9 kg/m2) | 70 | 29.4% |
Obesity class III (<40 kg/m2) | 52 | 21.8% |
HADS_Anxiety (M, SD) | 5.98 | 4.04% |
HADS_Depression (M, SD) | 5.18 | 3.69% |
HADS_Anxiety | ||
Mild | 42 | 17.6% |
Moderate | 26 | 10.9% |
Severe | 8 | 3.4% |
HADS_Depression | ||
Mild | 43 | 18.1% |
Moderate | 13 | 5.5% |
Severe | 5 | 2.1% |
QLI_Total | QLI_Health | QLI_Social | QLI_Psy | QLI_Family | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BIS_AI | −0.127 | −0.117 | −0.138 * | −0.118 | −0.055 |
BIS_MI | −0.059 | −0.064 | −0.100 | −0.066 | −0.006 |
BIS_NpI | −0.167 * | −0.165 * | −0.183 ** | −0.178 ** | −0.109 |
BIS_Total | −0.162 * | −0.159 * | −0.197 ** | −0.166 * | −0.084 |
HADS_A | −0.430 ** | −0.397 ** | −0.430 ** | −0.399 ** | −0.279 ** |
HADS_D | −0.565 ** | −0.538 ** | −0.414 ** | −0.559 ** | −0.412 ** |
BMI | −0.344 ** | −0.374 ** | −0.295 ** | −0.257 ** | −0.235 ** |
β | Standardized β | t | SE | p-Value | CI | Collinearity Diagnostics | Model Statistics | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tolerance | VIF | ||||||||
MODEL 1 | R2 = 0.118; F(1,231) = 30.905, p = 0.000 | ||||||||
BMI | −0.209 | −0.344 | −5.559 | 0.038 | 0.000 | −0.284–−0.135 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
MODEL 2 | R2 = 0.138; F(2,230) = 18.441, p = 0.021 | ||||||||
BMI | −0.205 | −0.335 | −5.470 | 0.037 | 0.000 | −0.278–−0.131 | 0.997 | 1.003 | |
BIS_Total | −0.060 | −0.142 | −2.322 | 0.026 | 0.021 | −0.111–−0.009 | 0.997 | 1.003 | |
MODEL 3 | R2 = 0.276; F(4,228) = 34.315, p = 0.000 | ||||||||
BMI | −0.138 | −0.226 | −4.214 | 0.033 | 0.000 | −0.203–−0.073 | 0.949 | 1.054 | |
BIS_Total | −0.001 | −0.002 | −0.045 | 0.023 | 0.964 | −0.047–0.045 | 0.901 | 1.109 | |
HADS_A | −0.127 | −0.113 | −1.637 | 0.078 | 0.103 | −0.281–0.026 | 0.573 | 1.745 | |
HADS_D | −0.543 | −0.441 | −6.393 | 0.085 | 0.000 | −0.710–−0.376 |
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Pietrabissa, G.; Marchesi, G.; Gondoni, L.A.; Castelnuovo, G. Exploring the Relationship of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Impulsiveness with the Quality of Life of Older Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050646
Pietrabissa G, Marchesi G, Gondoni LA, Castelnuovo G. Exploring the Relationship of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Impulsiveness with the Quality of Life of Older Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(5):646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050646
Chicago/Turabian StylePietrabissa, Giada, Gloria Marchesi, Luca Alessandro Gondoni, and Gianluca Castelnuovo. 2024. "Exploring the Relationship of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Impulsiveness with the Quality of Life of Older Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 5: 646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050646