The Increase in the Plasticity of Microcrystalline Cellulose Spheres’ When Loaded with a Plasticizer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Theoretical Solubility Parameter Computation
2.3. Plasticizer Loading onto MCC Cores Using Solvent Evaporation Method
2.4. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.5. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.6. Powder X-ray Diffraction (pXRD) Analysis
2.7. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Spectroscopy
2.8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Particle Size Distribution Analysis
2.9. Preparation of Tablets
2.10. The Theoretical True Density Calculation
2.11. In-Die Heckel Plot Construction
3. Results and Discussion
- The broad peak at 3333 cm−1 which is assigned to O–H stretching vibrations of the intermolecularly bonded hydroxyl group;
- The peak at 2891 cm−1 that corresponds to C–H stretching vibrations;
- The peak at 1645 cm−1 which is indicative of the O–H bending of bound water;
- The multiple absorbance bands (peaks at 1428, 1368, 1334, and 1316 cm−1) assigned to the bending and stretching vibrations of C–H and C–O bonds;
- The peaks at 1202, 1052, and 1021 cm−1 are assigned to the elongation of C-O bonds;
- The peaks at 1158 and 897 cm−1 are due to the C–O–C stretching vibrations at the β-glycosidic linkage.
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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MCC | Plasticizer | Solvent | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass, g | Type | Mass, g | Type | g/mL | Mass, g | mL * |
150 | DEC | 7.88 | Methanol | 0.792 | 34.5 | 44 |
150 | Glycerol | 7.88 | Water | 0.997 | 93.0 | 93 |
Cellets 500 and Water | Cellets 500 and DEC | Cellets 500 and Glycerol | |
---|---|---|---|
Ingredients | w/w | w/w | w/w |
MCC | 95.0 | 94.8 | 95.8 |
Moisture | 5.0 | – | – |
DEC | – | 5.2 | – |
Glycerol | – | – | 4.2 |
Calculation Method | ΔδT (Highly Likely Miscible If ≤) | D12 (Highly Likely Miscible If ≤) | Δδt (Highly Likely Miscible If ≤ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water | Glycerol | DEC | Water | Glycerol | DEC | Water | Glycerol | DEC | |
Y-MB | 6.74 | 9.14 | 5.20 | 4.73 | 9.11 | 4.41 | 2.88 | 7.00 | 3.87 |
VK | 13.29 | 6.31 | 9.63 | 11.28 | 5.49 | 9.38 | 1.05 | 5.16 | 6.15 |
Hoy | 5.36 | 9.40 | 9.47 | 4.47 | 6.64 | 9.06 | 1.39 | 2.73 | 9.05 |
Averaged | 7.29 | 6.33 | 7.53 | 6.79 | 6.21 | 6.84 | 1.32 | 5.43 | 6.15 |
dM (RT-200 °C) | Td Onset | Td Onset | Tm Onset 1 | Tm Onset 2 | Tm Peak | Melting Enthalpy | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% (w/w) | °C | °C | °C | °C | °C | J/g | ||
Cellets 500 and Water | Av. | 5.0 | 297.4 | 345.7 | 291.9 | 325.6 | 353.4 | 134.2 |
S.D. | 0.2 | – | – | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 4.2 | |
Cellets 500 and DEC | Av. | 5.2 | 303.2 | – | 305.7 | 332.4 | 356.7 | 131.6 |
S.D. | 0.3 | – | – | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 7.6 | |
Cellets 500 and Glycerol | Av. | 4.2 | 309.3 | – | 315.8 | 335.6 | 360.5 | 194.3 |
S.D. | 0.3 | – | – | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 2.5 | |
Method used | TGA | TGA | TGA | DSC | DSC | DSC | DSC | |
Heating rate | 5 °C/min | 5 °C/min | 50 °C/min | 50 °C/min | 50 °C/min | 50 °C/min | 50 °C/min |
Plasticizer | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
No (Dried) | Water | Glycerol | DEC | |
n | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
min | 124.8 | 92.6 | 97.1 | 113.6 |
max | 145.7 | 122.0 | 102.0 | 138.9 |
Av. | 136.5 | 106.6 | 99.9 | 124.7 |
S.D. | 6.9 | 10.0 | 1.9 | 9.2 |
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Paulausks, A.; Kolisnyk, T.; Mohylyuk, V. The Increase in the Plasticity of Microcrystalline Cellulose Spheres’ When Loaded with a Plasticizer. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16070945
Paulausks A, Kolisnyk T, Mohylyuk V. The Increase in the Plasticity of Microcrystalline Cellulose Spheres’ When Loaded with a Plasticizer. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(7):945. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16070945
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulausks, Artūrs, Tetiana Kolisnyk, and Valentyn Mohylyuk. 2024. "The Increase in the Plasticity of Microcrystalline Cellulose Spheres’ When Loaded with a Plasticizer" Pharmaceutics 16, no. 7: 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16070945