The Formation Age and Magma Source of the Xiaonanshan–Tunaobao Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit in the Northern Margin of the North China Craton
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Regional Geology
3. Deposit Geology
4. Petrography
5. Analytical Method
5.1. Zircon U-Pb Dating
5.2. Zircon Lu-Hf Isotope Analyses
5.3. Whole-Rock Major and Trace Elements
5.4. Whole-Rock Sr-Nd Isotopic Compositions
5.5. Sulfur Isotopic Composition
6. Results
6.1. Zircon U-Pb Geochronology
6.2. Zircon Hf Isotope
6.3. Whole-Rock Major and Trace Elements
6.4. Sr-Nd Isotopes
6.5. Sulfur Isotope Geochemistry
7. Discussion
7.1. Age of the XNS-TNB Pluton
7.2. Petrogenesis
7.3. Source of Sulfur
7.4. Tectonic Setting
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Pb (ppm) | Th (ppm) | U (ppm) | Th/U | 207Pb/206Pb | ±1σ | 207Pb/235U | ±1σ | 206Pb/238U | ±1σ | 207Pb/235U | ±1σ | 206Pb/238U | ±1σ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22TNB-1-1 | 27.47 | 210.3 | 572.7 | 0.37 | 0.0577 | 0.0024 | 0.3458 | 0.0149 | 0.0433 | 0.0007 | 301.6 | 11.27 | 273.0 | 4.08 |
22TNB-1-2 | 9.63 | 100.1 | 196.5 | 0.51 | 0.0522 | 0.0031 | 0.314 | 0.0197 | 0.0436 | 0.0009 | 277.2 | 15.25 | 275.3 | 5.44 |
22TNB-1-3 | 8.31 | 128.5 | 223.9 | 0.57 | 0.0569 | 0.0043 | 0.2413 | 0.0161 | 0.0317 | 0.0006 | 219.5 | 13.19 | 201.3 | 3.53 |
22TNB-1-5 | 11.80 | 102.6 | 243.1 | 0.42 | 0.0513 | 0.0026 | 0.312 | 0.0168 | 0.0441 | 0.0008 | 275.7 | 13.00 | 278.1 | 5.02 |
22TNB-1-6 | 52.82 | 57.6 | 85.35 | 0.67 | 0.1638 | 0.0044 | 11.07 | 0.2925 | 0.4921 | 0.009 | 2529 | 24.62 | 2580 | 38.77 |
22TNB-1-7 | 278.2 | 284.3 | 583.4 | 0.49 | 0.1305 | 0.0031 | 7.456 | 0.2033 | 0.4126 | 0.0072 | 2168 | 24.42 | 2227 | 32.64 |
22TNB-1-8 | 30.34 | 304.7 | 604.2 | 0.50 | 0.0562 | 0.0021 | 0.3435 | 0.0139 | 0.0441 | 0.0007 | 299.8 | 10.52 | 278.0 | 4.39 |
22TNB-1-9 | 29.22 | 307 | 607.7 | 0.51 | 0.0554 | 0.0023 | 0.3275 | 0.0135 | 0.0435 | 0.0009 | 287.7 | 10.33 | 274.2 | 5.27 |
22TNB-1-10 | 89.63 | 125.9 | 166.8 | 0.75 | 0.1537 | 0.0047 | 8.925 | 0.2755 | 0.4199 | 0.0065 | 2330 | 28.19 | 2260 | 29.6 |
22TNB-1-11 | 34.06 | 197.1 | 400.7 | 0.49 | 0.0601 | 0.0025 | 0.63 | 0.0268 | 0.0759 | 0.0013 | 496.1 | 16.67 | 471.4 | 7.56 |
22TNB-1-12 | 45.84 | 87.56 | 259.2 | 0.34 | 0.079 | 0.0024 | 1.761 | 0.0581 | 0.1608 | 0.0029 | 1031 | 21.36 | 961.4 | 15.88 |
22TNB-1-13 | 34.01 | 202.6 | 412.3 | 0.49 | 0.0575 | 0.0023 | 0.5802 | 0.0231 | 0.0729 | 0.0011 | 464.6 | 14.85 | 453.8 | 6.42 |
22TNB-1-15 | 67.92 | 154.9 | 141.9 | 1.09 | 0.1204 | 0.0031 | 5.985 | 0.156 | 0.3593 | 0.0048 | 1974 | 22.68 | 1979 | 22.98 |
22TNB-1-16 | 54.32 | 211.5 | 276.1 | 0.77 | 0.0708 | 0.0022 | 1.649 | 0.0563 | 0.1681 | 0.0028 | 989.1 | 21.58 | 1002 | 15.46 |
22TNB-1-17 | 12.05 | 159 | 244.7 | 0.65 | 0.0518 | 0.0032 | 0.3188 | 0.0276 | 0.0438 | 0.001 | 281 | 21.26 | 276.5 | 6.15 |
22TNB-1-19 | 189.3 | 337.7 | 380.7 | 0.89 | 0.1314 | 0.0034 | 7.17 | 0.2035 | 0.3942 | 0.0073 | 2133 | 25.29 | 2142 | 33.7 |
22TNB-1-21 | 10.63 | 122.9 | 257.9 | 0.48 | 0.0536 | 0.0029 | 0.2708 | 0.0142 | 0.0369 | 0.0006 | 243.4 | 11.37 | 233.7 | 3.97 |
22TNB-1-24 | 282.4 | 26.75 | 803.1 | 0.03 | 0.1182 | 0.0030 | 5.482 | 0.1445 | 0.3356 | 0.0055 | 1898 | 22.65 | 1865 | 26.78 |
22TNB-1-26 | 8.13 | 89.75 | 163.7 | 0.55 | 0.0545 | 0.0044 | 0.3227 | 0.0259 | 0.0436 | 0.0009 | 284 | 19.89 | 275.1 | 5.32 |
22TNB-1-27 | 11.96 | 103.9 | 241.4 | 0.43 | 0.0576 | 0.0037 | 0.3466 | 0.0216 | 0.0441 | 0.0008 | 302.2 | 16.29 | 278.2 | 4.98 |
22TNB-1-28 | 12.57 | 138.5 | 246.9 | 0.56 | 0.0556 | 0.003 | 0.3333 | 0.0177 | 0.0438 | 0.0008 | 292.1 | 13.48 | 276.2 | 5.23 |
22TNB-1-29 | 268.2 | 290.4 | 1042.9 | 0.28 | 0.0832 | 0.002 | 2.699 | 0.07 | 0.2351 | 0.0031 | 1328 | 19.22 | 1361 | 16.17 |
22TNB-1-31 | 12.23 | 170.8 | 232.1 | 0.74 | 0.0539 | 0.003 | 0.322 | 0.0177 | 0.0437 | 0.0008 | 283.5 | 13.63 | 275.6 | 4.74 |
22TNB-1-35 | 34.4 | 376.7 | 681.5 | 0.55 | 0.0541 | 0.0021 | 0.3289 | 0.014 | 0.0439 | 0.0008 | 288.7 | 10.71 | 276.9 | 4.74 |
22TNB-1-37 | 10.33 | 203.5 | 143.7 | 1.42 | 0.0583 | 0.0035 | 0.4099 | 0.0259 | 0.0508 | 0.0009 | 348.8 | 18.68 | 319.3 | 5.68 |
22TNB-1-38 | 47.42 | 327.8 | 596.4 | 0.55 | 0.0556 | 0.0024 | 0.5259 | 0.0229 | 0.0684 | 0.0012 | 429.1 | 15.21 | 426.5 | 7.35 |
22TNB-1-39 | 12.79 | 160.4 | 245.3 | 0.65 | 0.0487 | 0.0028 | 0.2952 | 0.018 | 0.0435 | 0.0008 | 262.6 | 14.08 | 274.8 | 4.98 |
22TNB-1-40 | 28.46 | 327.4 | 313.2 | 1.05 | 0.0559 | 0.003 | 0.5297 | 0.0273 | 0.0685 | 0.001 | 431.6 | 18.11 | 427.1 | 6.13 |
Sitenumber | T(Ma) | 176Yb/177Hf | 176Lu/177Hf | 176Hf/177Hf | ±2σ | TDM1(Ga) | εHf(t)DM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TNB-17 | 276 | 0.07658 | 0.001187 | 0.2829 | 0.000022 | 0.52 | −6.16 |
TNB-2 | 275 | 0.1118 | 0.001787 | 0.2827 | 0.000026 | 0.82 | −13.74 |
TNB-26 | 275 | 0.1187 | 0.002004 | 0.2827 | 0.000032 | 0.83 | −13.83 |
TNB-27 | 278 | 0.1204 | 0.001940 | 0.2827 | 0.000035 | 0.79 | −12.84 |
TNB-31 | 275 | 0.1280 | 0.002194 | 0.2828 | 0.000036 | 0.59 | −7.83 |
TNB-39 | 275 | 0.1583 | 0.002636 | 0.2821 | 0.000033 | 1.65 | −34.34 |
TNB-5 | 278 | 0.09756 | 0.001612 | 0.2826 | 0.000023 | 0.92 | −16.44 |
TNB-8 | 278 | 0.1513 | 0.002266 | 0.2828 | 0.000027 | 0.61 | −8.20 |
Sample | 20XNS-13 | 20XNS-3 | 20XNS-10 | 20XNS-17 | 20XNS-6 | 20TNB-10 | 20TNB-2 | 20TNB-9 | 20TNB-5 | 20XNS-11 | 20TNB-6 | 22TNB-1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rock | Gabbro | Altered Gabbro | Gabbro | Gabbro | Gabbro | Gabbro | Gabbro | Gabbro | Gabbro | Gabbro | Gabbro | Altered Gabbro |
SiO2 | 48.57 | 44.39 | 46.98 | 47.31 | 45.96 | 50.50 | 47.81 | 47.34 | 48.60 | 50.23 | 49.17 | 45.39 |
TiO2 | 0.80 | 0.48 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.70 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 1.05 | 0.96 | 0.78 | 0.64 |
Al2O3 | 11.06 | 8.17 | 9.56 | 10.12 | 9.09 | 10.06 | 9.12 | 9.56 | 9.90 | 13.41 | 9.28 | 5.56 |
Fe2O3 | 15.88 | 19.45 | 18.02 | 17.83 | 19.06 | 14.65 | 18.45 | 19.08 | 16.74 | 12.39 | 14.52 | 17.20 |
MnO | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
MgO | 12.43 | 20.15 | 14.13 | 13.79 | 15.21 | 13.00 | 15.11 | 12.60 | 12.65 | 11.65 | 15.53 | 24.44 |
CaO | 8.25 | 6.98 | 8.29 | 7.66 | 8.09 | 8.21 | 6.32 | 8.24 | 8.85 | 7.27 | 8.87 | 5.81 |
Na2O | 0.92 | 0.09 | 0.86 | 1.12 | 1.02 | 1.35 | 0.42 | 1.09 | 1.18 | 2.24 | 1.11 | 0.38 |
K2O | 1.84 | 0.06 | 1.05 | 1.13 | 0.62 | 1.00 | 1.49 | 0.84 | 0.72 | 1.62 | 0.51 | 0.35 |
P2O5 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
TOTAL | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
LOI | 3.01 | 5.12 | 3.12 | 3.02 | 3.06 | 1.12 | 4.52 | 3.24 | 1.65 | 3.76 | 2.30 | 4.49 |
Mg# | 37.67 | 44.43 | 37.70 | 37.38 | 38.11 | 40.64 | 38.74 | 33.77 | 36.83 | 42.07 | 45.22 | 52.31 |
Li | 44 | 25 | 49 | 56 | 56 | 24 | 38 | 22 | 24 | 42 | 14 | 10 |
Be | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Sc | 27 | 24 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 24 | 27 | 28 | 18 | 22 | 20 |
V | 172 | 140 | 165 | 179 | 174 | 181 | 145 | 167 | 176 | 266 | 283 | 225 |
Cr | 801 | 1333 | 981 | 1029 | 1126 | 737 | 878 | 805 | 813 | 827 | 1378 | 2655 |
Co | 148 | 179 | 163 | 203 | 214 | 98 | 201 | 225 | 142 | 65 | 142 | 162 |
Ni | 2563 | 3283 | 2995 | 3771 | 4135 | 320 | 4351 | 3653 | 1745 | 261 | 1588 | 1618 |
Cu | 2174 | 1657 | 2883 | 1625 | 2652 | 231 | 1192 | 2012 | 1044 | 106 | 614 | 724 |
Zn | 79 | 87 | 93 | 89 | 97 | 90 | 131 | 92 | 91 | 100 | 95 | 109 |
Ga | 15 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 18 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 18 | 13 | 10 |
Rb | 98 | 7 | 66 | 83 | 51 | 58 | 120 | 40 | 37 | 77 | 29 | 21 |
Sr | 113 | 12 | 69 | 72 | 52 | 136 | 91 | 101 | 114 | 111 | 120 | 67 |
Y | 14 | 10 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 17 | 23 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 13 |
Zr | 74 | 41 | 68 | 64 | 59 | 77 | 71 | 72 | 76 | 69 | 62 | 54 |
Nb | 3.4 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 7.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 2.9 |
Mo | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
Cd | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
In | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Cs | 5.3 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 7.1 | 5.6 | 9.8 | 24.1 | 8.6 | 6.6 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 4.9 |
Ba | 314 | 21 | 206 | 194 | 123 | 187 | 102 | 135 | 137 | 207 | 101 | 73 |
La | 7.6 | 3.2 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 11.0 | 11.8 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 6.3 | 7.9 | 7.0 |
Ce | 17 | 7 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 23 | 28 | 19 | 22 | 16 | 17 | 15 |
Pr | 2.4 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 |
Nd | 10 | 4 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 12 | 13 | 8 | 9 | 8 |
Sm | 2.8 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.0 |
Eu | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
Gd | 2.5 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.3 |
Tb | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Dy | 3.0 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.1 |
Ho | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Er | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
Tm | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Yb | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.9 |
Lu | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Hf | 2.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
Ta | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
Pb | 6.0 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 12.8 | 26.2 | 29.9 | 25.4 | 24.5 | 2.7 | 11.2 | 5.9 |
Bi | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 5.4 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
Th | 2.3 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 4.2 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 1.8 |
U | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
ΣREE | 64.96 | 33.79 | 67.01 | 63.34 | 60.28 | 84.99 | 103.26 | 73.29 | 81.39 | 60.81 | 62.60 | 54.88 |
(La/Yb)N | 3.47 | 2.30 | 3.48 | 3.53 | 3.45 | 4.24 | 4.01 | 3.67 | 3.70 | 3.84 | 4.96 | 5.26 |
(La/Sm)N | 1.75 | 1.32 | 1.71 | 1.63 | 1.74 | 2.00 | 1.75 | 1.80 | 1.70 | 1.75 | 2.28 | 2.28 |
(Gd/Lu)N | 1.35 | 1.19 | 1.38 | 1.29 | 1.36 | 1.26 | 1.42 | 1.31 | 1.33 | 2.07 | 1.94 | 2.04 |
δEu | 1.10 | 0.76 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 0.76 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.82 |
Sample | Rb (ppm) | Sr (ppm) | 87Rb/86Sr | (87Sr/86Sr) | ±2σ | T(Ma) | (87Sr/86Sr)i | Sm (ppm) | Nd (ppm) | 147Sm/144Nd | 143Nd/144Nd | (143Nd/144Nd)i | εNd(t) | TDM(Ga) | εSr(t) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20XNS-5 | 48.76 | 130.2 | 1.083 | 0.7356 | 0.000007 | 275.5 | 0.7314 | 3.10 | 10.72 | 0.1747 | 0.5123 | 0.5120 | −6.04 | 3.34 | 386.3 |
20XNS-7 | 60.29 | 79.93 | 2.182 | 0.7458 | 0.000006 | 275.5 | 0.7373 | 3.35 | 12.35 | 0.1641 | 0.5122 | 0.5119 | −6.82 | 2.81 | 469.7 |
20XNS-16 | 46.81 | 81.59 | 1.660 | 0.7420 | 0.000006 | 275.5 | 0.7355 | 3.04 | 10.32 | 0.1780 | 0.5123 | 0.5119 | −6.91 | 3.80 | 444.5 |
20TNB-3 | 57.07 | 90.52 | 1.824 | 0.7321 | 0.000007 | 275.5 | 0.7249 | 2.82 | 10.63 | 0.1604 | 0.5123 | 0.5120 | −5.92 | 2.51 | 294.9 |
20TNB-7 | 28.93 | 104.2 | 0.8035 | 0.7238 | 0.000007 | 275.5 | 0.7206 | 2.61 | 8.95 | 0.1763 | 0.5122 | 0.5119 | −7.03 | 3.68 | 233.2 |
20TNB-11 | 30.83 | 101.2 | 0.8815 | 0.7246 | 0.000009 | 275.5 | 0.7211 | 2.74 | 9.93 | 0.1668 | 0.5122 | 0.5119 | −7.24 | 3.02 | 240.6 |
Sample | Sulfide Mineral | δ33Sv-CDT | δ34Sv-CDT | Δ33S |
---|---|---|---|---|
20XNS-1#1 | Chalcopyrite | 4.9 | 10.5 | −0.5481 |
20XNS-1#1 | Pyrrhotite | 3.7 | 7.6 | −0.2143 |
20XNS-1#1 | Pyrrhotite | 4.2 | 8.1 | 0.0291 |
20XNS-1#2 | Chalcopyrite | 5.4 | 10.9 | −0.1835 |
20XNS-1#2 | Chalcopyrite | 5.4 | 10.2 | 0.1364 |
20XNS-1#2 | Pyrrhotite | 2.4 | 7.8 | −1.682 |
20XNS-1#2 | Pyrite | 5.3 | 10.8 | −0.2571 |
20XNS-1#2 | Pyrite | 5.9 | 11.4 | 0.03385 |
20XNS-1#2 | Pyrite | 5.5 | 11.2 | −0.2735 |
20XNS-10#1 | Pyrrhotite | 0.9 | 4.9 | −1.603 |
20XNS-10#1 | Pyrrhotite | 1.1 | 4.9 | −1.414 |
20XNS-10#1 | Pyrite | 2.9 | 5.6 | −0.024 |
20XNS-10#1 | Pyrite | 3.1 | 5.8 | 0.05875 |
20XNS-10#2 | Chalcopyrite | 4.9 | 6.3 | 1.716 |
20XNS-10#2 | Chalcopyrite | 4.1 | 6.2 | 0.8764 |
20XNS-10#2 | Chalcopyrite | 3.8 | 6.2 | 0.6625 |
20XNS-10#2 | Pyrrhotite | 1.3 | 4.6 | −1.058 |
20XNS-10#2 | Pyrite | 3.1 | 5.6 | 0.2157 |
20XNS-10#2 | Pyrite | 2.8 | 5.4 | 0.019 |
Δ33 S = δ33 S − 1000 × [(1 + δ34 S/1000) 0.515 − 1] |
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Bai, G.; Jiao, J.; Zheng, X.; Ma, Y.; Gao, C. The Formation Age and Magma Source of the Xiaonanshan–Tunaobao Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit in the Northern Margin of the North China Craton. Minerals 2024, 14, 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14070733
Bai G, Jiao J, Zheng X, Ma Y, Gao C. The Formation Age and Magma Source of the Xiaonanshan–Tunaobao Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit in the Northern Margin of the North China Craton. Minerals. 2024; 14(7):733. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14070733
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai, Guanlin, Jiangang Jiao, Xiaotong Zheng, Yunfei Ma, and Chao Gao. 2024. "The Formation Age and Magma Source of the Xiaonanshan–Tunaobao Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit in the Northern Margin of the North China Craton" Minerals 14, no. 7: 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14070733