Accelerated Bridge Construction Case: A Novel Low-Carbon and Assembled Composite Bridge Scheme
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Engineering Project Overview
2.1. Project Information
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- Traffic speed: 120 km/h.
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- Traffic load: Chinese highway-I load.
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- Road layout: dual eight-lane highway with a standard width of 42 m.
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- Service life: 100 years.
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- Earthquake: seismic intensity VII, peak ground acceleration 0.10 g.
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- Standard span of main girder: mostly 30 m (accounting for 75%).
2.2. Environmental Protection and Assembly Demands
3. ABC-Oriented LA Composite Bridge Scheme
3.1. Overall Scheme Comparison
3.2. A Novel LA Composite Bridge Structural System
3.2.1. Dense-Girder–H-Shape Composite Girder
3.2.2. Prestress-Assisted Concrete-Filled Steel Box Capping Beam
3.2.3. Pier and Pile Structure
3.3. Large-Scale Application of Low-Carbon Materials and Technologies
3.3.1. Self-Compacting Concrete
3.3.2. Uncoated Weathering Steel
3.3.3. Tunable-Stiffness Bearings Technology
4. Sustainability Assessment on the LA Composite Bridge Scheme
4.1. Construction Sustainability Performance
4.2. Comprehensive Economic Performance
4.2.1. Material and Construction Costs
4.2.2. Life-Cycle Cost
4.3. Social Benefit Contribution
- The LA composite bridge scheme is proposed to provide a feasible path for the development of low-carbon bridge technology. Compared with the concrete bridge scheme, the concrete consumption of the LA composite bridge scheme is reduced by 80.2 × 104 m3, and the steel consumption including rebars and prestressed wires increases only by 11.79 × 104 t. The final carbon emissions considering the superposition of various materials are reduced by about 16×104 t (without accounting for other energy consumption reductions), which is equivalent to the carbon dioxide absorption of 1 km2 of forest for 4.3 years.
- The LA composite bridge scheme minimizes the interference of bridge construction activities on the surrounding environment. Any supports and formworks do not need to be erected during the construction, so as not to interrupt traffic and occupy land. The whole bridge adopts self-compacting concrete without vibration operation, reducing the noise during construction. And the number of expansion joints is halved compared with the traditional bridge, meaning the driving comfort associated with driving noise are greatly improved.
- The standardized and simple structure form is applied to the LA composite bridge scheme, which is especially convenient for intelligent processing and manufacturing and can promote the industrialization development of steel-structure bridges. Eighty percent of the workload is performed in the factory, which can liberate the intensive labor input and improve the working environment and work intensity of the workers.
5. Engineering Application
5.1. Structural Description
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- DGH composite girder: the girder height of 1 m, the deck thickness of 0.3 m and the girder spacing of 1.76 m.
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- PCSB capping beam: the length of 13.6 m and the girder height of 1 m.
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- CFST pier: the diameter of 1.0 m and the average height of 9 m.
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- SPRC pile: the diameter of 1.3 and the average length of 27 m.
5.2. Construction Procedure
5.3. Real-Scale Bridge Testing
5.3.1. Static Loading Test
5.3.2. Dynamic Testing
5.3.3. Long-Term Performance Observation
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ABC | Accelerated Bridge Construction |
LA | Low-carbon and Assembled |
P-ACB | Precast-Assembled Concrete Bridge |
ASB | Assembled Steel Bridge |
CHEP | Chengle Highway Expansion Project |
DGH | Dense-Girders–H-shape |
PCSB | Prestress-assisted Concrete-filled Steel Box |
CFST | Concrete-Filled Steel Tube |
SPCR | Single-Pile Reinforced Concrete |
SCC | Self-Compacting Concrete |
UWS | Uncoated Weathering Steel |
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Item | Slump Index (mm) | Flow Index (mm) | Slump-Flow Time (s) | V-Funnel Emptying Time (s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
C40 SCC in PCSB capping beam | 265 | 650 | 10 | 15 |
C30 SCC in CFST pier | 270 | 650 | 10 | 16 |
Project | Year | Country | Bridge Length (m) | Bridge Type | Amount of UWS (t) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The CHEP (under construction) | 2023 | China | 26,700 | Beam bridge | 327,000 |
Linyi Huanghe River Bridge | 2021 | China | 5427 | Beam bridge | 56,000 |
Fuzhou Hongtang Bridge | 2021 | China | 1055 | Cable-stayed bridge | 24,000 |
Shaxi Bridge of Putian–Yanling Expressway | 2021 | China | 1408 | Rigid frame bridge | 22,000 |
Zangmu Brahmaputra River bridge | 2021 | China | 525.1 | Arch bridge | 12,800 |
China–Russia Amur River Bridge | 2022 | China Russia | 1274 | Cable-stayed bridge | 6600 |
Guanting Reservoir Grand Bridge | 2016 | China | 1140 | Truss-beam bridge | 7200 |
Dalian Puwan New District Cross-sea Bridge | 2015 | China | 2882 | Beam bridge | 20,334 |
Tanana River Railway Bridge | 2012 | America | 1006 | Beam bridge | 15,000 |
New Pattullo Bridge (under construction) | 2023 | Canada | / | Cable-stayed bridge | 12,725 |
China–Maldives Friendship Bridge | 2018 | Maldives | 760 | Beam bridge | / |
Suez Canal El Ferdan Railway Bridge | 2021 | Egypt | 640 | Truss-beam bridge | 14,000 |
Schemes | Concrete Bridge Scheme | P-ACB Scheme | ASB Scheme | LA Composite Bridge Scheme | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Performance | |||||
Carbon emission | High: 11.6 × 105 t Huge material consumption | High: 11.4 × 105 t Huge material consumption | Low: 10.8 × 105 t Small amounts of concrete | Low: 10.0 × 105 t Small amounts of material 160,000 t | |
Environment impact | Serious: Noise, dust, temporary supports, multi-pile foundation | Middle: Damage by multi-pile construction | Middle: Damage by multi-pile construction | Almost none | |
Traffic disruption | Serious: Traffic under the bridge is blocked by temporary supports | Almost none | Almost none | Almost none | |
Construction time | Long: 36 months Loss of time consumption of pouring concrete, erecting and removing supports | Short: 24 months Component erection and connection | Middle: 30 months The production cycle of steel girder is time-consuming | Short: 20 months Fast component erection and connection | |
Construction cost | Low: 4.08 billion RMB | Middle: 4.16 billion Additional costs from large-scale transportation equipment | High: 8.63 billion RMB Extensive use of steel materials; expensive manufacturing costs | Middle: 4.37 billion RMB Small amounts of steel material | |
Assembly degree | Low: 15% Lots of on-site cast work | High: 70% Lots of precast-assembled structures | Middle: 60% Many kinds of components and low degree of standardization | High: 80% Lightweight components, simple structural form, few welds |
Item | Material | Concrete Bridge Scheme | LA Composite Bridge Scheme |
---|---|---|---|
Material consumption | Steel (t) | 59,036 | 327,281 |
Rebar (t) | 221,450 | 97,433 | |
Prestressed wires (t) | 27512 | 1272 | |
Concrete (m3) | 1,410,802 | 608,880 | |
Construction cost | 235.7 million RMB | 112.2 million RMB | |
Project investment cost | 4.08 billion RMB | 4.37 billion RMB |
Bridge Scheme | Number of Bearings | Replacement Times during Life-Cycle | Cost (RMB) |
---|---|---|---|
Concrete bridge scheme | 1.80 × 104 | 6 | 86.4 million |
LA composite bridge scheme | 3.25 × 104 | 0 | 0 |
Bridge Scheme | Coating Area (m2) | Re-Coating Times during Life-Cycle | Cost (RMB) |
---|---|---|---|
Concrete bridge scheme | 57.56 × 104 | 6 | 66.2 million |
LA composite bridge scheme | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Span No. | The Measured Value f1 (Hz) | The Calculation Value f2 (Hz) | f1/f2 |
---|---|---|---|
1–3, 8–9 | 3.32 | 3.01 | 1.10 |
4–5, 7, 10–11, 14–15, 17 | 3.52 | 1.17 | |
6, 12–13, 20–21 | 3.71 | 1.23 | |
16, 18–19 | 3.91 | 1.30 |
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Kang, L.; Xu, J.; Mu, T.; Wang, H.; Zhao, P. Accelerated Bridge Construction Case: A Novel Low-Carbon and Assembled Composite Bridge Scheme. Buildings 2024, 14, 1855. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061855
Kang L, Xu J, Mu T, Wang H, Zhao P. Accelerated Bridge Construction Case: A Novel Low-Carbon and Assembled Composite Bridge Scheme. Buildings. 2024; 14(6):1855. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061855
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Ling, Jinhua Xu, Tingmin Mu, Huan Wang, and Ping Zhao. 2024. "Accelerated Bridge Construction Case: A Novel Low-Carbon and Assembled Composite Bridge Scheme" Buildings 14, no. 6: 1855. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061855