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Agriculture
Volume 14
Issue 12
10.3390/agriculture14122189
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments

by
Matheus Rakes
1,*,
Maíra Chagas Morais
1,
Maria Eduarda Sperotto
2,
Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi
3,
Daniel Bernardi
1,
Anderson Dionei Grützmacher
1 and
Leandro do Prado Ribeiro
4
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
2
Faculty of Agronomy, Uceff University (UCEFF), Chapecó, 89812-214, SC, Brazil
3
Department of Education, Research and Extension, Federal Institute of Santa Catarina (IFSC), São Miguel do Oeste 89900-000, SC, Brazil
4
Research Center for Family Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina (CEPAF/EPAGRI), Chapecó 89801-970, SC, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2024, 14(12), 2189; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122189 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 25 October 2024 / Revised: 26 November 2024 / Accepted: 27 November 2024 / Published: 30 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Pest Management Systems in Agriculture)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This is the first study to assess the physicochemical and biological compatibility of herbicides used in corn crops with entomopathogenic fungi used in the management of Dalbulus maidis in Brazil. The biological index was employed to ascertain the in vitro compatibility of the herbicides with pure spores (not formulated) of tested fungal isolates (Esalq-1296 of Cordyceps javanica and IBCB66 and Simbi BB15 of Beauveria bassiana). The results indicated a significant interaction between herbicides and fungal isolates when colony diameter and colony-forming units (CFU) were considered. Furthermore, changes in physicochemical characteristics were observed in some mixtures of herbicides and mycoinsecticides tested. The number of CFU was significantly reduced as the exposure time increased in the mixtures containing all the herbicides tested. In general, the Esalq-1296 isolate of C. javanica, formulated in a suspension concentrate (Octane®), proved to be more sensitive to the herbicides studied. In vivo bioassays demonstrated that, despite the synergistic effect of the binary mixtures of herbicides and mycoinsecticides on D. maidis mortality, the presence of the herbicide in the mixtures prevented the extrusion of entomopathogens from cadavers; therefore, caution is recommended when combining mycoinsecticides and post-emergent herbicides in tank mixtures aiming to manage D. maidis.
Keywords: mycoinsecticides; Beauveria bassiana; Cordyceps javanica; Dalbulus maidis; glyphosate mycoinsecticides; Beauveria bassiana; Cordyceps javanica; Dalbulus maidis; glyphosate

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rakes, M.; Morais, M.C.; Sperotto, M.E.; Zanardi, O.Z.; Bernardi, D.; Grützmacher, A.D.; Ribeiro, L.d.P. Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments. Agriculture 2024, 14, 2189. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122189

AMA Style

Rakes M, Morais MC, Sperotto ME, Zanardi OZ, Bernardi D, Grützmacher AD, Ribeiro LdP. Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments. Agriculture. 2024; 14(12):2189. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122189

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rakes, Matheus, Maíra Chagas Morais, Maria Eduarda Sperotto, Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi, Daniel Bernardi, Anderson Dionei Grützmacher, and Leandro do Prado Ribeiro. 2024. "Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments" Agriculture 14, no. 12: 2189. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122189

APA Style

Rakes, M., Morais, M. C., Sperotto, M. E., Zanardi, O. Z., Bernardi, D., Grützmacher, A. D., & Ribeiro, L. d. P. (2024). Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments. Agriculture, 14(12), 2189. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122189

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