Hydrodynamic Performance Assessment of Emerged, Alternatively Submerged and Submerged Semicircular Breakwater: An Experimental and Computational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Description of Experimental Setup
2.2. Description of Computational Modeling Approach
2.2.1. Governing Equations
2.2.2. Computational Model
2.3. Performance Evaluation Measurements
3. Analytical Error Analysis
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Wave Transmission
4.2. Wave Reflection
4.3. Wave Energy Loss
4.4. Wave Forces on SBW
4.4.1. Horizontal Force Analysis on SBW
4.4.2. Vertical Force Analysis on SBW
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wave-Specific Parameters | Range |
---|---|
Height of incident waves, Hi (m) | 0.02–0.38 |
Water depth, d (m) | 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 |
Wave period, T (s) | 0.8–2.5 (DT = 0.1 s) |
Wave steepness Hi/L | 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 |
Relative water depth, d/h | 0.667, 1.000, 1.333 and 1.667 |
Relative wave period, B/L | 0.17–1.22 |
Cell Size (m) | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Flow Velocity (m/s) | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.038 | 0.38 |
Froud Number | 0.066 | 0.064 | 0.063 | 0.068 | 0.073 | 0.072 | 0.072 |
MSE | RMSE | MAD | MAPE | R2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transmission coefficient (CT) | Emerged SBW (d/h = 0.667) | Hi/L < 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.49 | 0.88 |
0.02 < Hi/L < 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.37 | 0.95 | ||
0.04 < Hi/L < 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 1.00 | ||
Alternatively submerged SBW (d/h = 1.000) | Hi/L < 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.91 | |
0.02 < Hi/L < 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.29 | 0.79 | ||
0.04 < Hi/L < 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.44 | ||
Submerged SBW (d/h = 1.333) | Hi/L < 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.98 | |
0.02 < Hi/L < 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.94 | ||
0.04 < Hi/L < 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.93 | ||
Submerged SBW (d/h = 1.667) | Hi/L < 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.99 | |
0.02 < Hi/L < 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.74 | ||
0.04 < Hi/L < 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.91 |
MSE | RMSE | MAD | MAPE | R2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reflection coefficient (CR) | Emerged SBW (d/h = 0.667) | Hi/L < 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.30 |
0.02 < Hi/L < 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.86 | ||
0.04 < Hi/L < 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.95 | ||
Alternatively submerged SBW (d/h = 1.000) | Hi/L < 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.46 | 0.71 | |
0.02 < Hi/L < 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.58 | 0.44 | ||
0.04 < Hi/L < 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.41 | 0.61 | ||
Submerged SBW (d/h = 1.333) | Hi/L < 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.61 | 0.95 | |
0.02 < Hi/L < 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.53 | 0.89 | ||
0.04 < Hi/L < 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.50 | 0.80 | ||
Submerged SBW (d/h = 1.667) | Hi/L < 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.44 | 0.95 | |
0.02 < Hi/L < 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.09 | 0.88 | 0.9 | ||
0.04 < Hi/L < 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.91 |
MSE | RMSE | MAD | MAPE | R2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy loss coefficient (CL) | Emerged SBW (d/h = 0.667) | Hi/L < 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.80 |
0.02 < Hi/L < 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.82 | ||
0.04 < Hi/L < 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.95 | ||
Alternatively submerged SBW (d/h = 1.000) | Hi/L < 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.93 | |
0.02 < Hi/L < 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.96 | ||
0.04 < Hi/L < 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.77 | ||
Submerged SBW (d/h = 1.333) | Hi/L < 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.94 | |
0.02 < Hi/L < 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.24 | 0.90 | ||
0.04 < Hi/L < 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.42 | 0.82 | ||
Submerged SBW d/h = 1.667 | Hi/L < 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 0.96 | |
0.02 < Hi/L < 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.59 | 0.42 | ||
0.04 < Hi/L < 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.71 |
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Al-Towayti, F.A.H.; Teh, H.-M.; Ma, Z.; Jae, I.A.; Syamsir, A.; Al-Qadami, E.H.H. Hydrodynamic Performance Assessment of Emerged, Alternatively Submerged and Submerged Semicircular Breakwater: An Experimental and Computational Study. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12, 1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071105
Al-Towayti FAH, Teh H-M, Ma Z, Jae IA, Syamsir A, Al-Qadami EHH. Hydrodynamic Performance Assessment of Emerged, Alternatively Submerged and Submerged Semicircular Breakwater: An Experimental and Computational Study. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2024; 12(7):1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071105
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Towayti, Faris Ali Hamood, Hee-Min Teh, Zhe Ma, Idris Ahmed Jae, Agusril Syamsir, and Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami. 2024. "Hydrodynamic Performance Assessment of Emerged, Alternatively Submerged and Submerged Semicircular Breakwater: An Experimental and Computational Study" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 7: 1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071105