Journal Description
Antioxidants
Antioxidants
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal, published monthly online by MDPI. The International Coenzyme Q10 Association (ICQ10A), Israel Society for Oxygen and Free Radical Research (ISOFRR) and European Academy for Molecular Hydrogen Research (EAMHR) are affiliated with Antioxidants and their members receive discounts on the article processing charge.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, FSTA, PubAg, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Chemistry, Medicinal) / CiteScore - Q1 (Food Science)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Antioxidants.
- Companion journal: Oxygen.
Impact Factor:
6.0 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
6.7 (2023)
Latest Articles
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Six Allium Extracts Using Protein-Based Biomimetic Methods
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1182; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101182 (registering DOI) - 29 Sep 2024
Abstract
Medicinal plants are a valuable reservoir of novel pharmacologically active compounds. ROS and free radicals are primary contributors to oxidative stress, a condition associated with the onset of degenerative diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease, and vascular disease. In this study, we
[...] Read more.
Medicinal plants are a valuable reservoir of novel pharmacologically active compounds. ROS and free radicals are primary contributors to oxidative stress, a condition associated with the onset of degenerative diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease, and vascular disease. In this study, we used different spectrophotometry methods to demonstrate the antioxidant properties of 6 Allium extracts: Allium fistulosum; Allium ursinum; Allium cepa: Arieș red cultivar of A. cepa, and white variety of A. cepa; Allium sativum; and Allium senescens subsp. montanum. HPLC–MS determined the chemical composition of the extracts. Among the tested extracts, the Arieș red cultivar of A. cepa stands out as having the best antioxidant activity, probably due to the high content of polyphenols and alliin (12.67 µg/mL and 3565 ng/mL, respectively). The results obtained in this study show that Allium extracts have antioxidant activity, but also free radical scavenging capabilities. Also, their interactions with cytochrome c and hemoglobin can be the basis of future studies to create treatments for oxidative stress-related diseases.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Recent Advances in Plant Extracts: Understanding Antioxidant Mechanisms and Health Benefits)
►
Show Figures
Open AccessArticle
One-Year Impact of Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Sperm Quality
by
Mª Victoria Peña-García, Mª José Moyano-Gallego, Sara Gómez-Melero, Rafael Molero-Payán, Fernando Rodríguez-Cantalejo and Javier Caballero-Villarraso
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1181; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101181 (registering DOI) - 29 Sep 2024
Abstract
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have toxic potential, especially as carcinogens, neurotoxins, and endocrine disruptors. The objective of this study is to know the impact of exposure to PAHs on the reproductive health of male workers who operate in solar thermal plants. Methods:
[...] Read more.
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have toxic potential, especially as carcinogens, neurotoxins, and endocrine disruptors. The objective of this study is to know the impact of exposure to PAHs on the reproductive health of male workers who operate in solar thermal plants. Methods: Case–control study. A total of 61 men were included: 32 workers exposed to PAH at a solar thermal plant and 29 unexposed people. Seminal quality was studied both at the cellular level (quantity and quality of sperm) and at the biochemical level (magnitudes of oxidative stress in seminal plasma). Results: In exposure to PAHs, a significantly higher seminal leukocyte infiltration was observed, as well as lower activity in seminal plasma of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a reduced glutathione/oxidised glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio. The oxidative stress parameters of seminal plasma did not show a relationship with sperm cellularity, neither in those exposed nor in those not exposed to PAH. Conclusion: One year of exposure to PAH in a solar thermal plant does not have a negative impact on the sperm cellularity of the worker, either quantitatively (sperm count) or qualitatively (motility, vitality, morphology, or cellular DNA fragmentation). However, PAH exposure is associated with lower antioxidant capacity and higher leukocyte infiltration in seminal plasma.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Reproduction of Mammals)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Different Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Patterns of Diseased Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery versus Internal Thoracic Artery
by
Andrea Salica, Vittoria Cammisotto, Raffaele Scaffa, Giulio Folino, Ruggero De Paulis, Roberto Carnevale, Umberto Benedetto, Wael Saade, Antonino Marullo, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Gianmarco Sarto, Silvia Palmerio, Valentina Valenti, Mariangela Peruzzi, Fabio Miraldi, Francesco Giosuè Irace and Giacomo Frati
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1180; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101180 (registering DOI) - 28 Sep 2024
Abstract
Background. Oxidative stress and inflammation are typically implied in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression, especially in coronary artery disease (CAD). Our objective was to investigate the oxidative stress and inflammation burden directly associated with atherosclerotic plaque in patients with stable coronary disease undergoing coronary
[...] Read more.
Background. Oxidative stress and inflammation are typically implied in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression, especially in coronary artery disease (CAD). Our objective was to investigate the oxidative stress and inflammation burden directly associated with atherosclerotic plaque in patients with stable coronary disease undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Specifically, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were compared in blood samples obtained from the atherosclerotic left anterior descending artery (LAD) and blood samples obtained from the healthy left internal thoracic artery (LITA), used as a bypass graft, within the same patient. Methods. Twenty patients scheduled for off-pump CABG were enrolled. Blood samples were collected from the LITA below anastomosis and the LAD below the stenosis. Samples were analysed for oxidative stress (sNOXdp, H2O2, NO) and inflammation markers (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10). Results. The analysis showed a significant increase in oxidative stress burden in the LAD as compared to LITA, as indicated by higher sNOX2-dp and H2O2 levels and lower NO levels (p < 0.01). Also, pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased in the LAD as compared to the LITA, as indicated by higher TNFα and IL-6 amounts (p < 0.01). On the other hand, no significant differences could be seen regarding IL-1β and IL-10 levels between the two groups. Conclusions. The oxidative stress and inflammatory burden are specifically enhanced in the LAD artery of stable coronary patients compared to systemic blood from the LITA of stable coronary patients.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Bufotalin Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis by Blocking the ITGB4/FAK/ERK Pathway in Glioblastoma
by
Junchao Tan, Guoqiang Lin, Rui Zhang, Yuting Wen, Chunying Luo, Ran Wang, Feiyun Wang, Shoujiao Peng and Jiange Zhang
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1179; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101179 (registering DOI) - 27 Sep 2024
Abstract
Bufotalin (BT), a major active constituent of Chansu, has been found to possess multiple pharmacological activities. Although previous studies have shown that BT could inhibit the growth of glioblastoma (GBM), the safety of BT in vivo and the potential mechanism are still unclear.
[...] Read more.
Bufotalin (BT), a major active constituent of Chansu, has been found to possess multiple pharmacological activities. Although previous studies have shown that BT could inhibit the growth of glioblastoma (GBM), the safety of BT in vivo and the potential mechanism are still unclear. We conducted a systematic assessment to investigate the impact of BT on GBM cell viability, migration, invasion, and colony formation. Furthermore, in vivo results were obtained to evaluate the effect of BT on tumor growth. The preliminary findings of our study demonstrate the effective inhibition of GBM cell growth and subcutaneous tumor development in mice by BT, with tolerable levels of tolerance observed. Mechanistically, BT treatment induced mitochondrial dysfunction, bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and subsequent cell apoptosis. More importantly, proteomic-based differentially expressed proteins analysis revealed a significant downregulation of integrin β4 (ITGB4) following BT treatment. Furthermore, our evidence suggested that the ITGB4/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway involved BT-induced apoptosis. Overall, our study demonstrates the anti-GBM effects of BT and elucidates the underlying mechanism, highlighting BT as a potential therapeutic option for GBM.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox-Modulating Strategies in Cancer Therapy: Targeted Thioredoxin System Inhibition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
NADPH Oxidase 4: Crucial for Endothelial Function under Hypoxia—Complementing Prostacyclin
by
Heike Brendel, Jennifer Mittag, Anja Hofmann, Helene Hempel, Sindy Giebe, Patrick Diaba-Nuhoho, Steffen Wolk, Christian Reeps, Henning Morawietz and Coy Brunssen
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1178; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101178 (registering DOI) - 27 Sep 2024
Abstract
Aim: The primary endothelial NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (NOX4) is notably induced during hypoxia, with emerging evidence suggesting its vasoprotective role through H2O2 production. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate NOX4′s significance in endothelial function under hypoxia. Methods: Human
[...] Read more.
Aim: The primary endothelial NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (NOX4) is notably induced during hypoxia, with emerging evidence suggesting its vasoprotective role through H2O2 production. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate NOX4′s significance in endothelial function under hypoxia. Methods: Human vessels, in addition to murine vessels from Nox4−/− mice, were explored. On a functional level, Mulvany myograph experiments were performed. To obtain mechanistical insights, human endothelial cells were cultured under hypoxia with inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factors. Additionally, endothelial cells were cultured under combined hypoxia and laminar shear stress conditions. Results: In human occluded vessels, NOX4 expression strongly correlated with prostaglandin I2 synthase (PTGIS). Hypoxia significantly elevated NOX4 and PTGIS expression and activity in human endothelial cells. Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes, which stabilize hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), increased NOX4 and PTGIS expression even under normoxic conditions. NOX4 mRNA expression was reduced by HIF1a inhibition, while PTGIS mRNA expression was only affected by the inhibition of HIF2a under hypoxia. Endothelial function assessments revealed hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric arteries from wild-type mice. Mesenteric arteries from Nox4−/− mice exhibited an altered endothelial function under hypoxia, most prominent in the presence of cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac to exclude the impact of prostacyclin. Restored protective laminar shear stress, as it might occur after thrombolysis, angioplasty, or stenting, attenuated the hypoxic response in endothelial cells, reducing HIF1a expression and its target NOX4 while enhancing eNOS expression. Conclusions: Hypoxia strongly induces NOX4 and PTGIS, with a close correlation between both factors in occluded, hypoxic human vessels. This relationship ensured endothelium-dependent vasodilation under hypoxic conditions. Protective laminar blood flow restores eNOS expression and mitigates the hypoxic response on NOX4 and PTGIS.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NADPH Oxidases (NOXs))
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Functional Characterization of the Ciliate Stylonychia lemnae Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase, a Pivotal Enzyme in Melatonin Biosynthesis and Its Overexpression Leads to Peroxidizing Herbicide Tolerance in Rice
by
Kyungjin Lee and Kyoungwhan Back
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1177; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101177 - 27 Sep 2024
Abstract
Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is a pivotal enzyme for melatonin biosynthesis in all living organisms. It catalyzes the conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS) or 5-methoxytrypytamine (5-MT) to melatonin. In contrast to animal- and plant-specific SNAT genes, a novel clade of archaeal
[...] Read more.
Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is a pivotal enzyme for melatonin biosynthesis in all living organisms. It catalyzes the conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS) or 5-methoxytrypytamine (5-MT) to melatonin. In contrast to animal- and plant-specific SNAT genes, a novel clade of archaeal SNAT genes has recently been reported. In this study, we identified homologues of archaeal SNAT genes in ciliates and dinoflagellates, but no animal- or plant-specific SNAT homologues. Archaeal SNAT homologue from the ciliate Stylonychia lemnae was annotated as a putative N-acetyltransferase. To determine whether the putative S. lemnae SNAT (SlSNAT) exhibits SNAT enzyme activity, we chemically synthesized and expressed the full-length SlSNAT coding sequence (CDS) in Escherichia coli, from which the recombinant SlSNAT protein was purified by Ni2+ affinity column chromatography. The recombinant SlSNAT exhibited SNAT enzyme activity toward serotonin (Km = 776 µM) and 5-MT (Km = 246 µM) as substrates. Furthermore, SlSNAT-overexpressing (SlSNAT-OE) transgenic rice plants showed higher levels of melatonin synthesis than wild-type controls. The SlSNAT-OE rice plants exhibited delayed leaf senescence and tolerance against treatment with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing herbicide butafenacil by decreasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, suggesting that melatonin alleviates ROS production in vivo.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free-Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Properties of Melatonin, 2nd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Differential Nitric Oxide Responses in Primary Cultured Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts to Visible and Near-Infrared Light
by
Augustin C. Barolet, Brice Magne, Daniel Barolet and Lucie Germain
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1176; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101176 - 27 Sep 2024
Abstract
NO is a crucial signaling molecule involved in skin health, the immune response, and the protection against environmental stressors. This study explores how different wavelengths of light, namely blue (455 nm), red (660 nm), and near infrared (NIR, 850 nm), affect nitric oxide
[...] Read more.
NO is a crucial signaling molecule involved in skin health, the immune response, and the protection against environmental stressors. This study explores how different wavelengths of light, namely blue (455 nm), red (660 nm), and near infrared (NIR, 850 nm), affect nitric oxide (NO) production in skin cells. Primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts from three donors were exposed to these wavelengths, and NO production was quantified using a DAF-FM fluorescent probe. The results demonstrated that all three wavelengths stimulated NO release, with blue light showing the most pronounced effect. Specifically, blue light induced a 1.7-fold increase in NO in keratinocytes compared to red and NIR light and a 2.3-fold increase in fibroblasts compared to red light. Notably, fibroblasts exposed to NIR light produced 1.5 times more NO than those exposed to red light, while keratinocytes consistently responded more robustly across all wavelengths. In conclusion, blue light significantly boosts NO production in both keratinocytes and fibroblasts, making it the most effective wavelength. Red and NIR light, while less potent, also promote NO production and could serve as complementary therapeutic options, particularly for minimizing potential photoaging effects.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NO and ROS in Redox Signalling)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Effect of Curcumin Intake on Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Saturation Parameters in Older Participants
by
Olavo João Frederico Ramos-Junior, Vivian dos Santos Pinheiro, Tatiane Gomes dos Santos de Souza and Thiago Silveira Alvares
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1175; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101175 - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
Introduction: Aging is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Curcumin has been shown to increase NO bioavailability due to its ability to neutralize ROS, preventing oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect
[...] Read more.
Introduction: Aging is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Curcumin has been shown to increase NO bioavailability due to its ability to neutralize ROS, preventing oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin intake on skeletal muscle oxygen parameters and exercise tolerance in response to exercise in older people. Changes in circulating levels of NO metabolites were also investigated. Methods: Older subjects consumed 10 g of turmeric root extract from Curcuma longa L. (containing 95.33% of the total curcuminoids) or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. A time of 2 h after ingestion, the participants performed one set of rhythmic handgrip exercise until the limit of tolerance, followed by 5 min of recovery. During exercise and exercise recovery, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation parameters were recorded. Results: During exercise, the amplitude of deoxyhemoglobin was greater after curcumin intake compared to placebo (CUR: 13.11 ± 9.52 vs. PLA: 10.22 ± 8.39 μM, p = 0.030). Furthermore, a faster skeletal muscle oxygen resaturation during exercise recovery was observed after curcumin compared to placebo (CUR: 1.01 ± 0.65 vs. PLA: 0.32 ± 0.20%.s−1, p = 0.004). These results were associated with significant changes in plasma nitrite (CUR: 6.82 ± 11.68 vs. PLA: −4.94 ± 17.28%, p = 0.028). There was no statistical difference in the total hemoglobin, exercise time until fatigue, and plasma nitrate between groups. Conclusions: The present study suggests that curcumin improves muscle oxygenation status at the capillary level in older adults by possibly improving muscle oxygen extraction and/or delivery, with no effect on exercise tolerance.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle and Vascular Health)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
An Overview of the Mechanisms through Which Plants Regulate ROS Homeostasis under Cadmium Stress
by
Pan Luo, Jingjing Wu, Ting-Ting Li, Peihua Shi, Qi Ma and Dong-Wei Di
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1174; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101174 - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd2+) is a non-essential and highly toxic element to all organic life forms, including plants and humans. In response to Cd stress, plants have evolved multiple protective mechanisms, such as Cd2+ chelation, vesicle sequestration, the regulation of Cd2+
[...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd2+) is a non-essential and highly toxic element to all organic life forms, including plants and humans. In response to Cd stress, plants have evolved multiple protective mechanisms, such as Cd2+ chelation, vesicle sequestration, the regulation of Cd2+ uptake, and enhanced antioxidant defenses. When Cd2+ accumulates in plants to a certain level, it triggers a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to chlorosis, growth retardation, and potentially death. To counteract this, plants utilize a complex network of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems to manage ROS and protect cells from oxidative damage. This review systematically summarizes how various elements, including nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, iron, and zinc, as well as phytohormones such as abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, and signaling molecules like nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen sulfide, regulate the antioxidant system under Cd stress. Furthermore, it explores the mechanisms by which exogenous regulators can enhance the antioxidant capacity and mitigate Cd toxicity.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Roles of Environmental Factors in Regulation of Oxidative Stress in Plants)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Protective Role of Sulforaphane against Physiological Toxicity of Triphenyltin in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)
by
Bingke Wang, Chunnuan Zhang, Jianshuang Ma, Yanhui Wang, Ling Zhang, Xingli Yang, Tao Jia, Kaisong Zhang and Qin Zhang
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1173; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101173 - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
This experiment mainly explored the protective role of sulforaphane (SFN) against physiological toxicity of triphenyltin (TPT) in Cyprinus carpio haematopterus. In total, 320 Fish (56.90 ± 0.40 g) were randomly divided into four groups with four replicates each. The control group was
[...] Read more.
This experiment mainly explored the protective role of sulforaphane (SFN) against physiological toxicity of triphenyltin (TPT) in Cyprinus carpio haematopterus. In total, 320 Fish (56.90 ± 0.40 g) were randomly divided into four groups with four replicates each. The control group was fed the basal diet, the TPT group (TPT) was exposed to 10 ng L−1 TPT on the basis of the control group, the SFN + TPT group (TPT + SFN) was fed a diet supplemented with 10 mg kg−1 SFN on the TPT group, and the SFN group (SFN) was fed a diet supplemented with 10 mg kg−1 SFN. After 56 days of breeding trials, the results showed that TPT exposure resulted in a remarkable decrease (p < 0.05) in final weight, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and condition factor (CF), but an increase (p < 0.05) in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of fish. TPT treatment decreased (p < 0.05) the amounts of hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb), plasma complement component 3 (C3) and C4 contents, alternative complement pathway (ACH50), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lysozyme (LZM) activities, liver glutathione (GSH) content, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, interleukin 10 (IL-10), and SOD mRNA expressions, but increased (p < 0.05) plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, liver malonaldehyde (MDA) content, tumor Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and necrosis factor α (TNFα), IL-1β, and MDA mRNA expressions. A histological analysis of the liver showed that a higher occurrence rates of the hepatocyte hypertrophy, nuclear disappearance and hepatocyte vacuolization was observed in the hepatocytes of fish exposed to TPT, and it was accompanied by the dilation of hepatic sinusoids. In addition, the toxicity induced by TPT was significantly improved in the groups that were treated with SFN, and SFN was able to improve growth performance and immunity, alleviate TPT-induced changes in inflammatory factors, ameliorate oxidative stress, and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (p < 0.05). The addition of SFN also alleviated liver damage caused by TPT and protected the structural integrity of the liver. Overall, these findings suggest that TPT inhibited the growth, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of Cyprinus carpio haematopteru. Dietary SFN could be beneficial for growth promotion, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and protection of liver structural integrity. Therefore, SFN is a prospective feed supplement for ameliorating the damage caused to fish by TPT contamination.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Modulatory Impact of Oxidative Stress on Action Potentials in Pathophysiological States: A Comprehensive Review
by
Chitaranjan Mahapatra, Ravindra Thakkar and Ravinder Kumar
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1172; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101172 - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant defenses, significantly affects cellular function and viability. It plays a pivotal role in modulating membrane potentials, particularly action potentials (APs), essential for properly functioning excitable
[...] Read more.
Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant defenses, significantly affects cellular function and viability. It plays a pivotal role in modulating membrane potentials, particularly action potentials (APs), essential for properly functioning excitable cells such as neurons, smooth muscles, pancreatic beta cells, and myocytes. The interaction between oxidative stress and AP dynamics is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of various conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac arrhythmias, and ischemia-reperfusion injuries. This review explores how oxidative stress influences APs, focusing on alterations in ion channel biophysics, gap junction, calcium dynamics, mitochondria, and Interstitial Cells of Cajal functions. By integrating current research, we aim to elucidate how oxidative stress contributes to disease progression and discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting this interaction.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Antioxidant Mechanisms for Health and Diseases)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Association of Serum Malondialdehyde Levels with Lipid Profile and Liver Function in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
by
Nayra Merino de Paz, Marta Carrillo-Palau, Alejandro Hernández-Camba, Pedro Abreu-González, Antonia de Vera-González, Alejandra González-Delgado, Candelaria Martín-González, Miguel Á. González-Gay and Iván Ferraz-Amaro
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1171; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101171 - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a naturally occurring organic compound produced as a byproduct of lipid peroxidation. It serves as one of the most widely recognized biomarkers for oxidative stress. Elevated levels of MDA have been observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), suggesting
[...] Read more.
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a naturally occurring organic compound produced as a byproduct of lipid peroxidation. It serves as one of the most widely recognized biomarkers for oxidative stress. Elevated levels of MDA have been observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. In this study, we analyzed MDA levels within a well-characterized and extensive cohort of IBD patients. Our objective was to investigate the association between MDA levels and disease characteristics in this population. This is a cross-sectional study that encompassed 197 patients with IBD. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to study the relationship between disease characteristics and circulating MDA. MDA was significantly associated with male sex in IBD patients but not with other demographic characteristics or classic cardiovascular risk factors. Regarding disease features such as phenotype or activity indices, their relationship with MDA was scarce. Several lipid profile molecules showed a significant association with MDA levels after multivariable analysis. Similarly, the liver fibrosis-4 index and hepatic elastography values were significantly related to higher MDA levels after adjusting for covariates. In conclusion, the sources of elevated MDA in IBD are primarily linked to lipid profile abnormalities and liver disease.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Esculetin Combats Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Infection and Ameliorates Intestinal Dysfunction via the Nrf2 Pathway
by
Wenjiao Xu, Wenjun Ding, Liyan Jia, Kui Zhu and Qingfeng Luo
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101170 - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm), known for causing invasive enteric infections, presents a significant public health challenge. Given the diminishing efficacy of existing antibiotics, it is imperative to explore novel alternatives for the treatment of
[...] Read more.
The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm), known for causing invasive enteric infections, presents a significant public health challenge. Given the diminishing efficacy of existing antibiotics, it is imperative to explore novel alternatives for the treatment of MDR S. Tm infections. Here, we identified esculetin (EST), a natural coumarin abundant in dietary foods and herbs, as a compound exhibiting broad-spectrum antibacterial properties against a range of MDR bacteria. Our findings demonstrate that EST effectively inhibited the proliferation and expansion of MDR S. Tm in both in vitro experiments and animal models. Specifically, EST significantly downregulated the type 3 secretion system-1 (T3SS-1) virulence expression of MDR S. Tm, thereby preventing its invasion into intestinal epithelial cells. In S. Tm-infected mice, we observed cecal injury characterized by the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, a reduction in goblet cell numbers, a decreased expression of tight junction proteins, and microbial dysbiosis. Conversely, EST treatment ameliorated these pathological changes induced by S. Tm infection and reduced oxidative stress by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, thereby improving intestinal barrier function. These results suggest that dietary coumarins or a targeted plant-based diet may offer a promising strategy to counteract MDR bacteria-induced enteric diseases.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Effects of Taurine and Vitamin C on the Improvement of Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity and Hypoxia Tolerance in Gibel Carp (Carrassius auratus gibeilo)
by
Leimin Zhang, Lu Zhang, Hualiang Liang, Dongyu Huang and Mingchun Ren
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1169; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101169 - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
To investigate the effects of taurine and vitamin C on gibel carp (Carrassius auratus gibeilo), fish (41.85 ± 0.03 g) were fed three diets with 0% taurine + 0% vitamin C (D0), 0.1% taurine + 0% vitamin C (D1), and 0.1%
[...] Read more.
To investigate the effects of taurine and vitamin C on gibel carp (Carrassius auratus gibeilo), fish (41.85 ± 0.03 g) were fed three diets with 0% taurine + 0% vitamin C (D0), 0.1% taurine + 0% vitamin C (D1), and 0.1% taurine + 0.1% vitamin C (D2) for 8 weeks. Then 12-hour hypoxic stress test was conducted. The results showed that weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and sustained swimming time (SST) were significantly increased in the D2. CAT, SOD, T-AOC, and GSH were increased. GSH-Px and il-6 were decreased in D1 and D2. In hypoxia, CAT and T-AOC were decreased, while GSH, sod, and nrf2 were the highest in D1. Compared to normoxia, GSH-Px was increased, while SOD and MDA were decreased. Il-10 and nf-κb were increased. Vegf, epo, and ho-1 were increased and they all were higher than that in normoxia. The number of gill cell mitochondria and survival rate (SR) of gibel carp had an increasing trend but no significant difference among groups. In conclusion, taurine with vitamin C improved the growth and SST of gibel carp, and taurine and taurine with vitamin C improved antioxidant capacity, immunity, and hypoxia tolerance.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Antioxidants and Aquatic Animal Health)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Oxidative Stress in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Impact of Combined Oral Contraceptives
by
Nicolás Santander, Esteban G. Figueroa, Alejandro González-Candia, Manuel Maliqueo, Bárbara Echiburú, Nicolás Crisosto and Francisca Salas-Pérez
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1168; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101168 - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder that is associated with heightened metabolic risks. While oxidative stress (OS) is known to play a role in PCOS, the precise nature of the relationship between PCOS and increased OS remains not entirely understood.
[...] Read more.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder that is associated with heightened metabolic risks. While oxidative stress (OS) is known to play a role in PCOS, the precise nature of the relationship between PCOS and increased OS remains not entirely understood. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are the first-line treatment to regulate menstrual cycles and androgen levels, but their impact on oxidative stress requires further study. We conducted a transcriptomic analysis using RNAseq and assessed the levels of various oxidative stress (OS) markers in serum samples from women with PCOS and controls and whether they were using combined oral contraceptives (COCs), including enzymatic activities, FRAP, and 8-isoprostane (8-iso). A total of 359 genes were differentially expressed in women with PCOS compared to control women. Genes differentially expressed were enriched in functions related to inflammation and, interestingly, oxidative stress response. In controls, 8-iso levels were increased in women using COCs, whereas in women with PCOS, 8-iso levels were reduced in those using oral contraceptives (191.1 ± 97 vs. 26.4 ± 21 pg/mL, p: <0.0001). Correlation analyses showed a trend for a negative correlation between 8-iso and Ferriman score in women with PCOS consuming COCs (r = −0.86, p = 0.06) and a negative correlation between GSH and hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS (r = −0.89, p = 0.01). These results reveal the presence of lipid peroxidation in women with PCOS, which was modified by the use of COCs, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of PCOS in the Chilean population.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Hypoxia and Human Pathophysiology Settings: Novel Pharmacological Targets)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Metabolomic Profiling Reveals That Exercise Lowers Biomarkers of Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes
by
Tutu Wang, Miaomiao Ning, Yurou Mo, Xinyu Tian, Yu Fu, Ismail Laher and Shunchang Li
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101167 - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to significant global health challenges, including cardiac structural and functional deficits, which in severe cases can progress to heart failure that can further strain healthcare resources. Aerobic exercise can ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in
[...] Read more.
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to significant global health challenges, including cardiac structural and functional deficits, which in severe cases can progress to heart failure that can further strain healthcare resources. Aerobic exercise can ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in individuals with diabetes, although a comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanisms remains elusive. This study utilizes untargeted metabolomics to reveal aerobic-exercise-activated metabolic biomarkers in the cardiac tissues of Sprague Dawley rats with T2DM. Metabolomics analysis revealed that diabetes altered 1029 myocardial metabolites, while aerobic exercise reversed 208 of these metabolites, of which 112 were upregulated and 96 downregulated. Pathway topology analysis suggested that these metabolites predominantly contributed to purine metabolism and arginine biosynthesis. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified 10 potential biomarkers, including xanthine, hypoxanthine, inosine, dGMP, l-glutamic acid, l-arginine, l-tryptophan, (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid, riboflavin, and glucolepidiin. Finally, data from Pearson correlation analysis indicated that some metabolic biomarkers strongly correlated with cardiac function. Our data suggest that certain metabolic biomarkers play an important role in ameliorating diabetes-related cardiac dysfunction by aerobic exercise.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function in Exercise and Physical Activity)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Tamarixetin Protects Chondrocytes against IL-1β-Induced Osteoarthritis Phenotype by Inhibiting NF-κB and Activating Nrf2 Signaling
by
Seung-Ho Lee, Min Kyoung Shin and Jung-Suk Sung
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1166; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101166 - 25 Sep 2024
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage breakdown and chronic inflammation in joints. As the most prevalent form of arthritis, OA affects around 600 million people globally. Despite the increasing number of individuals with OA risk factors, such as aging
[...] Read more.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage breakdown and chronic inflammation in joints. As the most prevalent form of arthritis, OA affects around 600 million people globally. Despite the increasing number of individuals with OA risk factors, such as aging and obesity, there is currently no effective cure for the disease. In this context, this study investigated the therapeutic effects of tamarixetin, a flavonoid with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, against OA pathology and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. In interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated chondrocytes, tamarixetin inhibited the OA phenotypes, restoring cell viability and chondrogenic properties while reducing hypertrophic differentiation and dedifferentiation. Tamarixetin alleviated oxidative stress via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway activation and inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, tamarixetin attenuated pyroptosis, a programmed cell death caused by excessive inflammation, by suppressing inflammasome activation. We confirmed that the chondroprotective effects of tamarixetin are mediated by the concurrent upregulation of Nrf2 signaling and downregulation of NF-κB signaling, which are key players in balancing antioxidative and inflammatory responses. Overall, our study demonstrated that tamarixetin possesses chondroprotective properties by alleviating IL-1β-induced cellular stress in chondrocytes, suggesting its therapeutic potential to relieve OA phenotype.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory Modulation)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Antioxidant Activity of Planar Catechin Conjugated with Trolox
by
Wakana Shimizu, Yoshimi Shoji, Kei Ohkubo, Hiromu Ito, Ikuo Nakanishi and Kiyoshi Fukuhara
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101165 - 25 Sep 2024
Abstract
Planar catechin (PCat), a natural antioxidant with a fixed 3D catechin structure on a plane, exhibits radical-scavenging activity approximately five times stronger than the conventional catechin. We synthesized a compound, PCat-TrOH, by binding Trolox (TrOH), an α-tocopherol analog, to PCat to enhance its
[...] Read more.
Planar catechin (PCat), a natural antioxidant with a fixed 3D catechin structure on a plane, exhibits radical-scavenging activity approximately five times stronger than the conventional catechin. We synthesized a compound, PCat-TrOH, by binding Trolox (TrOH), an α-tocopherol analog, to PCat to enhance its antioxidant effect against oxidative stress, such as lipid peroxidation. TrOH shows radical-scavenging activity about 6.5 times greater than PCat, and PCat-TrOH exhibited a similar level of radical-scavenging activity to TrOH. Additionally, PCat-TrOH demonstrated twice the radical-scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species compared to PCat or TrOH. This compound is also expected to exhibit an excellent antioxidant effect against lipid peroxidation caused by radical chain reactions, through interactions with vitamin C, similar to that in the case of α-tocopherol.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory Modulation)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) Improves Spatial Memory, Anxiety and Depressive-like Behavior in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
by
Noah Gladen-Kolarsky, Olivia Monestime, Melissa Bollen, Jaewoo Choi, Liping Yang, Armando Alcazar Magaña, Claudia S. Maier, Amala Soumyanath and Nora E. Gray
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101164 - 25 Sep 2024
Abstract
Withania somnifera (WS), also known as ashwagandha, is a popular botanical supplement used to treat various conditions including memory loss, anxiety and depression. Previous studies from our group showed an aqueous extract of WS root (WSAq) enhances cognition and alleviates markers for depression
[...] Read more.
Withania somnifera (WS), also known as ashwagandha, is a popular botanical supplement used to treat various conditions including memory loss, anxiety and depression. Previous studies from our group showed an aqueous extract of WS root (WSAq) enhances cognition and alleviates markers for depression in Drosophila. Here, we sought to confirm these effects in the 5xFAD mouse model of β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation. Six- to seven-month-old male and female 5xFAD mice were treated with WSAq in their drinking water at 0 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL or 2.5 mg/mL for four weeks. In the fourth week of treatment, spatial memory, anxiety and depressive-like symptoms were evaluated. At the conclusion of behavioral testing, brain tissue was harvested, immunohistochemistry was performed, and the cortical expression of antioxidant response genes was evaluated. Both concentrations of WSAq improved spatial memory and reduced depressive and anxiety-related behavior. These improvements were accompanied by a reduction in Aβ plaque burden in the hippocampus and cortex and an attenuation of activation of microglia and astrocytes. Antioxidant response genes were upregulated in the cortex of WSAq-treated mice. Oral WSAq treatment could be beneficial as a therapeutic option in AD for improving disease pathology and behavioral symptoms. Future studies focused on dose optimization of WSAq administration and further assessment of the mechanisms by which WSAq elicits its beneficial effects will help inform the clinical potential of this promising botanical therapy.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative-Stress in Human Diseases—3rd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Redox Homeostasis and Molecular Biomarkers in Precision Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases
by
Cristina Manuela Drăgoi, Camelia Cristina Diaconu, Alina Crenguța Nicolae and Ion-Bogdan Dumitrescu
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1163; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101163 - 25 Sep 2024
Abstract
Precision medicine is envisioned as the future of cardiovascular healthcare, offering a more tailored and effective method for managing cardiovascular diseases compared to the traditional one-size-fits-all approaches. The complex role of oxidative stress in chronic diseases within the framework of precision medicine was
[...] Read more.
Precision medicine is envisioned as the future of cardiovascular healthcare, offering a more tailored and effective method for managing cardiovascular diseases compared to the traditional one-size-fits-all approaches. The complex role of oxidative stress in chronic diseases within the framework of precision medicine was carefully explored, delving into the cellular redox status and its critical involvement in the pathophysiological complexity of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The review outlines the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species generation and the function of antioxidants in maintaining redox balance. It emphasizes the elevated reactive oxygen species concentrations observed in heart failure and their detrimental impact on cardiovascular health. Various sources of ROS within the cardiovascular system are examined, including mitochondrial dysfunction, which contributes to oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA degradation. The article also addresses oxidative stress’s role in myocardial remodeling, a process pivotal to the progression of heart diseases. By integrating these aspects, the review underscores the importance of redox homeostasis and identifies molecular biomarkers that can enhance precision therapy for CVDs. The insights provided aim to pave the way for targeted therapeutic strategies that mitigate oxidative stress, thereby improving patient outcomes in cardiovascular medicine.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Antioxidants Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Society Collaborations
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Analytica, Antioxidants, Applied Sciences, Molecules, Separations, Chemosensors
New Analytical Methods in Plant Active Components Analysis
Topic Editors: Filomena Lelario, Giuliana Bianco, Radosław KowalskiDeadline: 31 October 2024
Topic in
Antioxidants, Biomolecules, Molecules, Pharmaceutics, Separations
Application of Analytical Chemistry in Exercise Physiology and Pharmacology
Topic Editors: Andrzej Pokrywka, Dorota KwiatkowskaDeadline: 15 November 2024
Topic in
IJMS, Pharmaceutics, Cells, Biomolecules, Plants, Universe, Cancers, Antioxidants
Advances in Astrobiology
Topic Editors: Massimo Maffei, Barbara Cavalazzi, Marta del BiancoDeadline: 30 November 2024
Topic in
Animals, Antioxidants, Metabolites, Pets, Veterinary Sciences
Research on Companion Animal Nutrition
Topic Editors: Baichuan Deng, Lian Li, Yun JiDeadline: 31 December 2024
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Antioxidants
Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Molecules and Their Defense Mechanisms
Guest Editors: Young-Chang Cho, Su-Jin ParkDeadline: 30 September 2024
Special Issue in
Antioxidants
Significance of Antioxidant Mechanisms in Intestinal Inflammation
Guest Editors: Alba Rodríguez-Nogales, María Elena Rodríguez CabezasDeadline: 30 September 2024
Special Issue in
Antioxidants
Anti-cancer Potential of Plant-Based Antioxidants
Guest Editors: Javier Espino, María Garrido, Jonathan Delgado-AdamezDeadline: 30 September 2024
Special Issue in
Antioxidants
Assessment of the Content of Health-Promoting Substances and Antioxidants in Waste Raw Materials from Agricultural Production, Forestry and the Food Industry
Guest Editors: Joanna Karpińska, Marta HryniewickaDeadline: 30 September 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Antioxidants
Advances in Antioxidant Ingredients from Natural Products
Collection Editors: Carla Susana Correia Pereira, Lillian Barros