Saved Queries

by Luiz Augusto Ferreira Monteiro, Francisco Ivam Castro do Nascimento, José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior, Dorisvalder Dias Nunes, David Mendes, Givanildo de Gois, Fabio de Oliveira Sanches, Cassio Arthur Wollmann, Michel Watanabe and João Paulo Assis Gobo

Climate 2024, 12(11), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12110187 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Rainfall in the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA) is vital for climate and water resource management. This research uses spatial downscaling and validated rainfall data from the National Water and Sanitation Agency (ANA) to ensure accurate rain projections with artificial intelligence. To make an initial approach, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) were employed to forecast rainfall from 2012 to 2020. The RNN model showed strong alignment with the observed patterns, accurately predicting rainfall seasonality. However, median comparisons revealed fair approximations with discrepancies. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) ranged from 6.7 mm to 11.2 mm, and the coefficient of determination (R²) was low in some series. Extensive analyses showed a low Wilmott agreement and high Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), highlighting limitations in projecting anomalies and days without rain. Despite challenges, this study lays a foundation for future advancements in climate modeling and water resource management in the BLA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addressing Climate Change with Artificial Intelligence Methods)

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24 pages, 2358 KiB

Open AccessReview

Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Perspective on Comparative Therapeutics and Targeted Nanocarrier Application

by Muttiah Barathan, Sook Luan Ng, Yogeswaran Lokanathan, Min Hwei Ng and Jia Xian Law

Vaccines 2024, 12(11), 1282; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12111282 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) are emerging as promising therapeutic candidates due to their unique properties and versatile functions. These vesicles play a crucial role in immunomodulation by influencing macrophage differentiation and cytokine production, potentially aiding in the treatment of conditions such as bone loss, fibrosis, and cancer. mEVs also have the capacity to modulate gut microbiota composition, which may alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases and promote intestinal barrier integrity. Their potential as drug delivery vehicles is significant, enhancing the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of anticancer agents while supporting wound healing and reducing inflammation. Additionally, bovine mEVs exhibit anti-aging properties and protect skin cells from UV damage. As vaccine platforms, mEVs offer advantages including biocompatibility, antigen protection, and the ability to elicit robust immune responses through targeted delivery to specific immune cells. Despite these promising applications, challenges persist, including their complex roles in cancer, effective antigen loading, regulatory hurdles, and the need for standardized production methods. Achieving high targeting specificity and understanding the long-term effects of mEV-based therapies are essential for clinical translation. Ongoing research aims to optimize mEV production methods, enhance targeting capabilities, and conduct rigorous preclinical and clinical studies. By addressing these challenges, mEVs hold the potential to revolutionize vaccine development and targeted drug delivery, ultimately improving therapeutic outcomes across various medical fields. Full article

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11 pages, 2387 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Excitation-Power-Dependent Color Tuning in a Single Sn-Doped CdS Nanowire

by Ye Tian, Shangfei Yao and Bingsuo Zou

Molecules 2024, 29(22), 5389; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225389 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Multicolor emission and dynamic color tuning with large spectral range are challenging to realize but critically important in many areas of technology and daily life, such as general lighting, display, multicolor detection and multi-band communication. Herein, we report an excitation-power-dependent color-tuning emission from an individual Sn-doped CdS nanowire with a large spectral range and continuous color tuning. Its photoluminescence (PL) spectrum shows a broad trap-state emission band out of Sn dopants, which is superposed by whispering-gallery (WG) microcavity due to the nanostructure size and its structure, besides the CdS band-edge emission. By simply changing the excitation power from 0.25 to 1.36 mW, we demonstrate that the typical Sn-doped CdS nanowire with the weight ratio of 10:1 of CdS and SnO₂, the emission color can change from red to orange to yellow to green. In view of the stable properties and large spectral range, the Sn-doped CdS nanowires are very promising potential candidates in nanoscale optoelectronic devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Chemistry)

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13 pages, 794 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

Wait, Where’s the Flynn Effect on the WAIS-5?

by Emily L. Winter, Sierra M. Trudel and Alan S. Kaufman

J. Intell. 2024, 12(11), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence12110118 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

The recent release of the WAIS-5, a decade and a half after its predecessor, the WAIS-IV, raises immediate questions about the Flynn effect (FE). Does the traditional FE of points per decade in the U.S. for children and adults, identified for the Full Scale IQs of all Wechsler scales and for other global IQ scores as well, persist into the 2020s? The WAIS-5 Technical and Interpretive Manual provides two counterbalanced validity studies that address the Flynn effect directly—N = 186 adolescents and adults (16–90 years, mean age = 47.8) tested on the WAIS-IV and WAIS-5; and N = 98 16-year-olds tested on the WISC-V and WAIS-5. The FE is incorporated into the diagnostic criteria for intellectual disabilities by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), by DSM-5-TR, and in capital punishment cases. The unexpected result of the two counterbalanced studies was a reduction in the Flynn effect from the expected value of 3 IQ points to 1.2 points. These findings raise interesting questions regarding whether the three point adjustment to FSIQs should be continued for intellectual disability diagnosis and whether the federal courts should rethink its guidelines for capital punishment cases and other instances of high stakes decision-making. Limitations include a lack of generalization to children, the impact of the practice effects, and a small sample size. Full article

12 pages, 1438 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Intestinal Carriage of Two Distinct stx_2f-Carrying Escherichia coli Strains by a Child with Uncomplicated Diarrhea

by Florence Crombé, Angela H. A. M. van Hoek, Heleen Nailis, Frédéric Auvray, Toon Janssen and Denis Piérard

Pathogens 2024, 13(11), 1002; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13111002 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Two distinct stx_2f-carrying Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, isolated from a child with uncomplicated diarrhea fifteen weeks apart, were characterized by combining short- and long-read sequencing to compare their genetic relatedness. One strain was characterized as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)/typical enteropathogenic E. coli (tEPEC) O63:H6 with a repertoire of virulence genes including stx_2f, eae (α2-subtype), cdt, and bfpA. The other STEC with serotype O157:H16, reported for the first time as stx_2f-carrying Escherichia coli in this study, possessed, in addition, eae (ε-subtype) and cdt, amongst other virulence-related genes. BLAST comparison showed that the stx_2f-harboring prophage sequences of both strains were highly homologous (99.6% identity and 96.1% coverage). These results were corroborated by core Stx2f phage Multilocus Sequence Typing (cpMLST) as the stx_2f-harboring prophages of both isolates clustered together when compared to those of 167 other human stx_2f-carrying Escherichia coli. Overall, the stx_2f-harboring prophages of the two distinct E. coli strains isolated from the present case were highly similar, suggesting that the stx_2f-harboring phage might have been transferred from the STEC/tEPEC O63:H6 strain to the atypical EPEC (aEPEC) O157:H16 strain in the gut of the child. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Bacterial Pathogens)

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25 pages, 2899 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Learning Omni-Dimensional Spatio-Temporal Dependencies for Millimeter-Wave Radar Perception

by Hang Yan, Yongji Li, Luping Wang and Shichao Chen

Remote Sens. 2024, 16(22), 4256; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224256 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Reliable environmental perception capabilities are a prerequisite for achieving autonomous driving. Cameras and LiDAR are sensitive to illumination and weather conditions, while millimeter-wave radar avoids these issues. Existing models rely heavily on image-based approaches, which may not be able to fully characterize radar sensor data or efficiently further utilize them for perception tasks. This paper rethinks the approach to modeling radar signals and proposes a novel U-shaped multilayer perceptron network (U-MLPNet) that aims to enhance the learning of omni-dimensional spatio-temporal dependencies. Our method involves innovative signal processing techniques, including a 3D CNN for spatio-temporal feature extraction and an encoder–decoder framework with cross-shaped receptive fields specifically designed to capture the sparse and non-uniform characteristics of radar signals. We conducted extensive experiments using a diverse dataset of urban driving scenarios to characterize the sensor’s performance in multi-view semantic segmentation and object detection tasks. Experiments showed that U-MLPNet achieves competitive performance against state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods, improving the mAP by 3.0% and mDice by 2.7% in RD segmentation and AR and AP by 1.77% and 2.03%, respectively, in object detection. These improvements signify an advancement in radar-based perception for autonomous vehicles, potentially enhancing their reliability and safety across diverse driving conditions. Full article

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18 pages, 1573 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Visco-Elasto-Plastic Constitutive Law for Deformation Prediction of High Concrete Face Rockfill Dams

by Francesco Raggi and Luis Altarejos-García

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(22), 10535; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210535 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Deformation predictions in high Concrete Face Rockfill Dams tend to underestimate observed settlements due to scale effect and breakage phenomena that cannot be adequately captured by laboratory tests. This paper presents a Visco-Elasto-Perfectly Plastic (VEPP) model for predicting deformations in high Concrete Face Rockfill Dams (CFRDs) that addresses these challenges incorporating explicitly key rockfill parameters like grain size and post-compaction porosity, which influence both the non-linear elastic and plastic behaviors of rockfill. The VEPP model enables deformation prediction while using standard laboratory test results. The model’s effectiveness was demonstrated through its application to the 233 m high Shuibuya Dam, the tallest CFRD in the world. The VEPP model predictions closely align with observed deformations throughout the dam’s construction, impoundment, and early operational stages. By using physically meaningful parameters, the model reduces the uncertainty associated with the empirical assessment of model parameters using back-analysis from similar projects. While the VEPP model offers improved predictive accuracy, particularly during early design phases, further advancements could be achieved by refining the creep formulation and accounting for grain size evolution during construction. This approach has the potential to optimize the design and construction of future high CFRD construction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Civil Engineering)

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18 pages, 4131 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phytochemicals from Passiflora coriacea Juss. Have Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects in Mouse Models

by Samir Castolo-Sanchez, Alejandro Zamilpa, Maribel Herrera-Ruiz, José Luis Trejo-Espino, Blanca Eda Domínguez-Mendoza, Manasés González-Cortazar and Gabriela Trejo-Tapia

Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(11), 1534; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17111534 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Neuroinflammatory diseases trigger an inflammatory response and a state of oxidative stress. Passiflora coriacea Juss. has been used to treat conditions related to inflammatory processes in the central nervous system; however, to date, there has been no study on the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of this species. Methods: The anti-inflammatory effect of P. coriacea was evaluated in a TPA-induced auricular edema model, and the percentage of edema inhibition (Ei) was recorded. The Morris water maze was used to assess the neuroprotective effect, measuring the latency time (LT), and lipopolysaccharide was administered to induce neuroinflammation. The concentrations of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and activities of antioxidant system components (CAT, SOD, GR, NO, and MDA) were measured in the mouse brains. The chemical composition was determined using chromatographic and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Results: T1.1, T2.1, and T3.1 showed anti-inflammatory (Ei = 92.5, 88.3, and 64.8%, respectively) and neuroprotective (LT = 27.2, 22.9, and 27.7 s, respectively) effects. T1.1 was identified as scopolin with immunomodulatory (IL-6 = 3307 pg/g) and antioxidant (CAT = 1198 mmol, SOD = 23%, GR = 5.34 units/mL, NO = 11.5 µM, MDA = 1526 nmol/mL) effects; T2.1 was a mixture of terpenes (fitone, 7-dehydrodiosgenin, tremulone) with immunomodulatory (TNF-α = 857 pg/g) and antioxidant (CAT = 1245 mmol, NO = 8.75 µM) effects; and T3.1 was a mixture of isoquercetin and astragalin with immunomodulatory (IL-6 = 3135 pg/g, IL-10 = 1300 pg/g, TNF-α = 751 pg/g) and antioxidant (SOD = 1204 nmol/mL, CAT = 1131 nmol/mL, NO = 6.37 µM, MDA = 1204 nmol/mL) effects. Conclusions: The administration of P. coriacea treatments generated anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. These effects are attributable to its chemical composition, comprising scopolin, terpenes, and a mixture of isoquercetin and astragalin, which have not previously been described in this species. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products)

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17 pages, 2951 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

The mRNA N⁶-Methyladenosine Response to Dehydration in Xenopus laevis

by Saif Rehman, Mackenzie Parent and Kenneth B. Storey

Animals 2024, 14(22), 3288; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14223288 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, exhibits remarkable adaptations to survive in its arid habitat, including behavioral and metabolic changes during periods of drought. During extreme dehydration, X. laevis undergoes estivation, a state characterized by increased urea and ammonia levels, depression of the metabolic rate, and tissue hypoxia. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations, we investigated the potential role of N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A), a widespread mRNA modification, in X. laevis during extreme dehydration. We analyzed the protein levels of key components in the m⁶A pathway, including writers (METTL3, METTL14, and WTAP), erasers (ALKBH5 and FTO), and readers (SRSF3, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, YTHDF3, and eIF3a), in the liver and kidneys of control frogs and frogs that had lost 35 ± 0.93% of their total body water. The relative protein levels generally decreased or remained unchanged, with the exception of YTHDF3, which depicted a protein level increase in the liver. Notable changes included eIF3a, which was downregulated by 26 ± 8% and 80 ± 8% in the dehydrated liver and kidney tissues, respectively. Additionally, the total m⁶A increased by 353 ± 30% and 177 ± 17% in dehydrated liver and kidney RNA samples, respectively. This study highlights the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in stress tolerance and provides a foundation for further exploration of the role of epigenetics in dehydration tolerance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Animal Physiology)

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17 pages, 5322 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanical Characteristics of Grillage Root Foundation for High-Voltage Tower Under Horizontal Conditions

by Zehui Ma, Junjie Wang, Xuefeng Huang, Kun Sun, Senlin Yang and Jun Yuan

Buildings 2024, 14(11), 3633; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113633 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

In response to the issue of reduced horizontal bearing capacity due to inadequate compaction of backfill soil in traditional grillage foundations, a novel grillage root foundation is proposed in this study. That is, the root is introduced into undisturbed soil at a traditional grillage foundation base plate. To assess the applicability of this innovative foundation under horizontal loading conditions, on-site experimental research was conducted. It was employed to comparatively analyze the load–displacement curves, changes in internal forces of steel components, and the development patterns of soil cracks around the foundation between traditional grillage foundations and various sizes of grillage root foundations subjected to horizontal loading. The results indicate that the horizontal bearing capacity of the grillage root foundation increased by 1.3 times compared to traditional grillage foundations, with economic benefits surpassing those of the traditional counterparts. The determination of the “m” value serves as the proportional coefficient of the horizontal resistance coefficient of the foundation soil, and the synthesis of the reactive force provided by the soil to the roots contribute to enhancements in soil resistance and the horizontal bearing capacity of the foundation. The horizontal load at which cracks appear in the grillage root foundation exceeds that of the traditional metal grillage foundation, with a slower rate of development. Finite element analysis was conducted to optimize the arrangement of roots, maximizing the foundation’s bearing capacity. This research provides certain references in terms of enhancing foundation bearing capacity, reducing ground treatment costs, and promoting sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Building Structures)

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13 pages, 1417 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prognostic Significance of PD-L1 Expression on Circulating Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in NSCLC Patients Treated with Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors

by Roser Salvia, Laura G. Rico, Teresa Morán, Jolene A. Bradford, Michael D. Ward, Ana Drozdowskyj, Joan Climent-Martí, Eva M. Martínez-Cáceres, Rafael Rosell and Jordi Petriz

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 12269; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212269 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Even though anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have improved survival, a high percentage of patients still do not respond to ICIs. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are circulating cells that express PD-L1 and can infiltrate and proliferate in the tumor microenvironment, inducing immunosuppression. By evaluating changes in PD-L1 expression of live peripheral blood MDSCs, we are able to define a new PD-L1 index, useful in predicting ICI escape in NSCLC patients before initiating anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. In this study, a cohort of 37 NSCLC patients was prospectively analyzed, obtaining independent PD-L1 indexes. In patients with a PD-L1 index > 5.88, progressive disease occurred in 58.33% of patients [median progression-free survival (PFS) = 5.73 months; 95%CI = 2.67–20.53], showing significant differences when compared with patients with a PD-L1 index ≤ 5.88, in whom 7.69% progressed and median PFS was not reached (NR); p-value = 0.0042. Overall survival (OS) was significantly worse in patients with a high vs. low PD-L1 index (41.67% vs. 76.92%; median OS = 18.03 months, 95%CI = 6.77–25.23 vs. NR, 95%CI = 1.87-NR; p-value = 0.035). The PD-L1 index can be applied to stratify NSCLC patients according to their probability of response to ICIs at baseline. In addition to quantifying tumoral expression, this index could be used to compare nonresponse to treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Biomarker: Current Status and Future Perspectives)

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26 pages, 444 KiB

Open AccessReview

Arbovirus in Solid Organ Transplants: A Narrative Review of the Literature

by Kiran Gajurel, Reshika Dhakal and Stan Deresinski

Viruses 2024, 16(11), 1778; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16111778 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

The incidence of arbovirus infections has increased in recent decades. Other than dengue, chikungunya, and West Nile viruses, the data on arbovirus in solid organ transplant (SOT) are limited to case reports, and infections in renal transplant recipients account for most of the reported cases. Dengue and West Nile infections seem to be more severe with higher mortality in SOT patients than in the general population. Acute kidney injury is more frequent in patients with dengue and chikungunya although persistent arthralgia with the latter is less frequent. There is no clear relationship between arboviral infection and acute cellular rejection. Pre-transplant screening of donors should be implemented during increased arboviral activity but, despite donor screening and negative donor nucleic acid amplification test (NAT), donor derived infection can occur. NAT may be transiently positive. IgM tests lack specificity, and neutralizing antibody assays are more specific but not readily available. Other tests, such as immunohistochemistry, antigen tests, PCR, metagenomic assays, and viral culture, can also be performed. There are a few vaccines available against some arboviruses, but live vaccines should be avoided. Treatment is largely supportive. More data on arboviral infection in SOT are needed to understand its epidemiology and clinical course. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts)

12 pages, 7492 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Porcine Airway Organoid-Derived Well-Differentiated Epithelial Cultures as a Tool for the Characterization of Swine Influenza a Virus Strains

by Nora M. Gerhards, Manouk Vrieling, Romy Dresken, Sophie Nguyen-van Oort, Luca Bordes, Jerry M. Wells and Rik L. de Swart

Viruses 2024, 16(11), 1777; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16111777 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Swine influenza A viruses (IAVsw) are important causes of disease in pigs but also constitute a public health risk. IAVsw strains show remarkable differences in pathogenicity. We aimed to generate airway organoids from the porcine lower respiratory tract and use these to establish well-differentiated airway epithelial cell (WD-AEC) cultures grown at an air–liquid interface (ALI) for in vitro screening of IAVsw strain virulence. Epithelial cells were isolated from bronchus tissue of juvenile pigs, and airway organoids were cultured in an extracellular matrix in a culture medium containing human growth factors. Single-cell suspensions of these 3D organoids were seeded on Transwell filters and differentiated at ALI to form a pseudostratified epithelium containing ciliated cells, mucus-producing cells and tight junctions. Inoculation with a low dose of IAVsw in a low volume inoculum resulted in virus replication without requiring the addition of trypsin, and was quantified by the detection of viral genome loads in apical washes. Interestingly, inoculation of an H3N2 strain known to cause severe disease in pigs induced a greater reduction in trans-epithelial resistance and more damage to tight junctions than H1N2 or H1N1 strains associated with mild disease in pigs. We conclude that the porcine WD-AEC model is useful in assessing the virulence of IAVsw strains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses 2024)

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22 pages, 5382 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Feature Selection Techniques on the Performance of Machine Learning Models for Depression Detection Using EEG Data

by Marwa Hassan and Naima Kaabouch

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(22), 10532; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210532 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) poses a significant challenge in mental healthcare due to difficulties in accurate diagnosis and timely identification. This study explores the potential of machine learning models trained on EEG-based features for depression detection. Six models and six feature selection techniques were compared, highlighting the crucial role of feature selection in enhancing classifier performance. This study investigates the six feature selection methods: Elastic Net, Mutual Information (MI), Chi-Square, Forward Feature Selection with Stochastic Gradient Descent (FFS-SGD), Support Vector Machine-based Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), and Minimal-Redundancy-Maximal-Relevance (mRMR). These methods were combined with six diverse classifiers: Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM). The results demonstrate the substantial impact of feature selection on model performance. SVM-RFE with SVM achieved the highest accuracy (93.54%) and F1 score (95.29%), followed by Logistic Regression with an accuracy of 92.86% and F1 score of 94.84%. Elastic Net also delivered strong results, with SVM and Logistic Regression both achieving 90.47% accuracy. Other feature selection methods yielded lower performance, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate feature selection and machine learning algorithms. These findings suggest that careful selection and application of feature selection techniques can significantly enhance the accuracy of EEG-based depression detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)

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9 pages, 502 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy of Monopolar Radiofrequency or Microwave Ablation in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Retrospective Multicenter Study from Association des Gastro-Entérologues Oncologues (AGEO)

by Antoine Briot, Germain Brehier, Anaïs Jaillais, Arthur David, Paul Girot, Noémi Reboux, Alice Boilève and Yann Touchefeu

Cancers 2024, 16(22), 3838; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16223838 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Several locoregional treatments approaches, including thermoablation, have been tested for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and have shown encouraging results. However, data are heterogeneous in terms of tumor number, size, and ablation technique. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and prognostic factors in ICC treated by monopolar radiofrequency (RF) or microwave ablation (MW). Methods: This was a retrospective study including patients treated with RF or MW for ICC in six participating centers. DFS and OS were evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method and prognostic factors by log-rank test and Cox modeling. Results: From January 2015 to October 2023, 24 patients with 31 nodules were treated with RFA or MW. Overall, 70% had chronic liver disease, with 50% at cirrhosis stage. The median size of lesions was 17 mm (6–35 mm). After a median follow-up of 33 months (5–85), the median DFS was 10.5 months. The median OS was 40.8 months. On univariate and multivariate analysis, only lesion size > 17 mm was associated with a poor OS (HR 3.09; IC [1.02; 9.37] (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Monopolar radiofrequency or microwave ablation is an alternative to surgery for small ICCs. Tumors < 17 mm were associated with better OS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Therapy)

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