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Search Results (419,003)

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14 pages, 3660 KiB  
Article
Neutrophil-like Monocytes Increase in Patients with Colon Cancer and Induce Dysfunctional TIGIT+ NK Cells
by Alessia Calabrò, Fabiana Drommi, Giacomo Sidoti Migliore, Gaetana Pezzino, Grazia Vento, José Freni, Gregorio Costa, Riccardo Cavaliere, Irene Bonaccorsi, Mariagrazia Sionne, Stefania Nigro, Giuseppe Navarra, Guido Ferlazzo, Claudia De Pasquale and Stefania Campana
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8470; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158470 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous family of immune cells including granulocytic (CD14neg/CD15+/HLA-DRneg) and monocytic subtypes (CD14+/CD15neg/HLA-DRneg). In the present study, we found a population of monocytes expressing the granulocyte marker CD15 that significantly increased in both peripheral blood (PB) and tumoral [...] Read more.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous family of immune cells including granulocytic (CD14neg/CD15+/HLA-DRneg) and monocytic subtypes (CD14+/CD15neg/HLA-DRneg). In the present study, we found a population of monocytes expressing the granulocyte marker CD15 that significantly increased in both peripheral blood (PB) and tumoral tissues of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Further phenotypical analysis confirmed the granulocytic-like features of this monocyte subpopulation that is associated with an increase in granulocyte–monocyte precursors (GMPs) in the PB of these patients (pts). Mechanistically, this granulocyte-like monocyte population suppressed NK cell activity by inducing TIGIT and engaging NKp30. Accordingly, an increased frequency of TIGIT+ NK cells with impaired functions was found in both the PB and tumoral tissue of CRC pts. Collectively, we provided new mechanistic explanations for tumor immune escape occurring in CRC by showing the increase in this new kind of MDSC, in both PB and CRC tissue, which is able to significantly impair the effector functions of NK cells, thereby representing a potential therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. Full article
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19 pages, 4401 KiB  
Article
The Forkhead Box Gene, MaSep1, Negatively Regulates UV- and Thermo-Tolerances and Is Required for Microcycle Conidiation in Metarhizium acridum
by Tiantian Song, Chan Li, Kai Jin and Yuxian Xia
J. Fungi 2024, 10(8), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10080544 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
Insect pathogenic fungi have shown great potential in agricultural pest control. Conidiation is crucial for the survival of filamentous fungi, and dispersal occurs through two methods: normal conidiation, where conidia differentiate from mycelium, and microcycle conidiation, which involves conidial budding. The conidiation process [...] Read more.
Insect pathogenic fungi have shown great potential in agricultural pest control. Conidiation is crucial for the survival of filamentous fungi, and dispersal occurs through two methods: normal conidiation, where conidia differentiate from mycelium, and microcycle conidiation, which involves conidial budding. The conidiation process is related to cell separation. The forkhead box gene Sep1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe plays a crucial role in cell separation. Nevertheless, the function of Sep1 has not been clarified in filamentous fungi. Here, MaSep1, the homolog of Sep1 in Metarhizium acridum, was identified and subjected to functional analysis. The findings revealed that conidial germination of the MaSep1-deletion strain (ΔMaSep1) was accelerated and the time for 50% germination rate of conidial was shortened by 1 h, while the conidial production of ΔMaSep1 was considerably reduced. The resistances to heat shock and UV-B irradiation of ΔMaSep1 were enhanced, and the expression of some genes involved in DNA damage repair and heat shock response was significantly increased in ΔMaSep1. The disruption of MaSep1 had no effect on the virulence of M. acridum. Interestingly, ΔMaSep1 conducted the normal conidiation on the microcycle conidiation medium, SYA. Furthermore, 127 DEGs were identified by RNA-Seq between the wild-type and ΔMaSep1 strains during microcycle conidiation, proving that MaSep1 mediated the conidiation pattern shift by governing some genes associated with conidiation, cell division, and cell wall formation. Full article
23 pages, 1803 KiB  
Systematic Review
Obesity and Associated Factors in Brazilian Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Representative Studies
by Cecilia Alcantara Braga Garcia, Karina Cardoso Meira, Alessandra Hubner Souza, Ana Laura de Grossi Oliveira and Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(8), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21081022 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
To review the literature and select population-based studies that are representative of Brazilian capitals or Brazil as a whole to estimate the prevalence of obesity among Brazilian adults. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used. The search was [...] Read more.
To review the literature and select population-based studies that are representative of Brazilian capitals or Brazil as a whole to estimate the prevalence of obesity among Brazilian adults. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used. The search was conducted in six databases and reference lists of included studies. We included observational studies but excluded interventional studies, reviews, in vitro studies, and editorials. The study population consisted of young adults and adults (18 to 59 years old). Adolescents, infants, children, the elderly, and pregnant women were excluded. The primary outcomes were the prevalence of obesity among Brazilian adults, both men and women. The secondary outcomes were factors associated with obesity. The meta-analysis was performed using Rstudio software, version 4.1.0, by using the ‘Meta’ package, version 5.0-0. The search strategy identified 5634 references, of which 19 studies and 21 national surveys were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of obesity in Brazilian adults was 20.0% (95% CI: 14.0–25.0%) while in the capitals it was 17.0% (95% CI: 16.0–19.0%). Across the regions of Brazil, the prevalence ranged from 11.0% to 17.0%, with the highest frequency in the south. Increases in obesity prevalence were observed for both sexes in almost all periods, with consistently higher rates among women in most cases. The prevalence of obesity among Brazilian adults is high, with no statistically significant differences found in the subgroup analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition-, Overweight- and Obesity-Related Health Issues)
21 pages, 3252 KiB  
Article
Factors Driving Unexpected Drought-Induced Nothofagus dombeyi Mortality in a Valdivian Temperate Rainforest, Argentina
by María Laura Suarez, Yamila Sasal and Loreta Facciano
Forests 2024, 15(8), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15081355 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
Understanding the drivers of drought-induced tree mortality remains a significant scientific challenge. Here, we investigated an unexpected mortality event of Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst. following the 2014–15 drought in a Valdivian rainforest, Argentina. Our focus was on long-term growth trend differences between vital [...] Read more.
Understanding the drivers of drought-induced tree mortality remains a significant scientific challenge. Here, we investigated an unexpected mortality event of Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst. following the 2014–15 drought in a Valdivian rainforest, Argentina. Our focus was on long-term growth trend differences between vital and dead trees, and how the mixing of species in tree neighbourhoods drives tree growth during drought. The inter-annual variation of basal area increments of vital and 2014–15-dead N. dombeyi trees showed a similar pattern through the 1930–2015 period, while the climate–growth relationships indicated that precipitation during the growing season promoted growth in both vitality classes, regardless of whether they were in the wettest location. For the period 1990–2015, both vitality classes showed similar estimated growth regardless of competition level, whereas species mingling in the neighbourhood significantly affected the dead tree growth. Network analysis revealed that drought performance covaried positively with a neighbourhood dominated by species functionally different from the focal species only in vital trees. These findings suggest a nuanced response of N. dombeyi to drought, shaped by multifaceted interactions at both the individual tree and neighbourhood levels. This research underscores that species-specific relationships under different mixtures imply different tree responses within a stand, and add complexity to understanding drought response at the individual level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tree Growth in Relation to Climate Change)
21 pages, 728 KiB  
Review
Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastrointestinal Carcinomas: A View from a Proteomics Perspective
by Vaishali Jain, Puja Sakhuja, Anil Kumar Agarwal, Ravi Sirdeshmukh, Fouzia Siraj and Poonam Gautam
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(8), 4455-4475; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31080333 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is one of the major prognostic factors in human gastrointestinal carcinomas (GICs). The lymph node-positive patients have poorer survival than node-negative patients. LNM is directly associated with the recurrence and poor survival of patients with GICs. The early detection [...] Read more.
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is one of the major prognostic factors in human gastrointestinal carcinomas (GICs). The lymph node-positive patients have poorer survival than node-negative patients. LNM is directly associated with the recurrence and poor survival of patients with GICs. The early detection of LNM in patients and designing effective therapies to suppress LNM may significantly impact the survival of these patients. The rapid progress made in proteomic technologies could be successfully applied to identify molecular targets for cancers at high-throughput levels. LC-MS/MS analysis enables the identification of proteins involved in LN metastasis, which can be utilized for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This review summarizes the studies on LN metastasis in GICs using proteomic approaches to date. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)
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13 pages, 1734 KiB  
Article
The Catalase Gene MrCat1 Contributes to Oxidative Stress Tolerance, Microsclerotia Formation, and Virulence in the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium rileyi
by Yu Su, Xuyi Wang, Yuanli Luo, Huan Jiang, Guiting Tang and Huai Liu
J. Fungi 2024, 10(8), 543; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10080543 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
Catalases play a crucial role in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by converting H2O2 into molecular oxygen and water. They also contribute to virulence and fungal responses to various stresses. Previously, the MrCat1-deletion mutant (ΔMrCat1) [...] Read more.
Catalases play a crucial role in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by converting H2O2 into molecular oxygen and water. They also contribute to virulence and fungal responses to various stresses. Previously, the MrCat1-deletion mutant (ΔMrCat1) was generated using the split-marker method in Metarhizium rileyi. In this study, the Cat1 gene was identified, and its function was evaluated. Under normal culture conditions, there were no significant differences in colony growth or dimorphic switching between ΔMrCat1 and the wild-type (WT) strains. However, under oxidative stress, the colony growth was inhibited, and the yeast–hyphal transition was suppressed in the ΔMrCat1 strain. Hyperosmotic stress did not differ significantly between the two strains. In the ΔMrCat1 strain, microsclerotia (MS) formation was delayed, resulting in less uniform MS size and a 76% decrease in MS yield compared to the WT strain. Moreover, the ΔMrCat1 strain exhibited diminished virulence. Gene expression analysis revealed up-regulation of ΔMrCat1, MrCat2, MrCat4, and MrAox in the ΔMrCat1 strain. These findings indicate that the MrCat1 gene in M. rileyi is essential for oxidative stress tolerance, MS formation, and virulence. Full article
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8 pages, 756 KiB  
Article
Three-Year Analysis of Adjuvant Therapy in Postoperative Melanoma Including Acral and Mucosal Subtypes
by Yusuke Muto, Yumi Kambayashi, Hiroshi Kato, Satoru Mizuhashi, Takamichi Ito, Takeo Maekawa, Shoichiro Ishizuki, Hiroshi Uchi, Shigeto Matsushita, Yuki Yamamoto, Koji Yoshino, Yasuhiro Fujisawa, Ryo Amagai, Kentaro Ohuchi, Akira Hashimoto, Satoshi Fukushima, Yoshihide Asano and Taku Fujimura
Cancers 2024, 16(15), 2755; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16152755 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
Abstract: Background: Adjuvant therapy has improved the clinical prognosis for postoperative melanoma patients. However, the long-term efficacy of this therapy on the melanoma acral and mucosal subtypes has not been fully evaluated in previous trials. This study assessed the 3-year recurrence-free survival and [...] Read more.
Abstract: Background: Adjuvant therapy has improved the clinical prognosis for postoperative melanoma patients. However, the long-term efficacy of this therapy on the melanoma acral and mucosal subtypes has not been fully evaluated in previous trials. This study assessed the 3-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival of patients with melanoma, including the acral and mucosal subtypes, treated with anti-PD-1 antibody (Ab) or with the combination of the BRAF and MEK inhibitors dabrafenib and trametinib. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed both the 3-year time to relapse (TTR) and overall survival (OS) of 120 patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibody (Ab), or with the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib. Results: The overall median TTR was 18.4 months, with a range of 0.69 to 36 months. The 3-year TTR of the acral and mucosal types was 28.1% and 38.5%, respectively. Baseline tumor thickness (TT) and acral type were associated with the TTR in subgroup analysis. Moreover, we classified 104 acral and non-acral cutaneous patients into the anti-PD-1 Abs or dabrafenib plus trametinib combined therapies cohort in multiple analyses. The acral subtype and TT were detected as important prognostic factors. In the 3-year OS, only tumor ulceration was associated with the OS in both univariate and multiple analyses. There was no significant difference in baseline or treatment-related factors of the mucosal type (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that adjuvant therapy is more effective with non-acral cutaneous melanoma than either the acral or mucosal types at the 3-year TTR endpoint. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Skin Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis)
20 pages, 5986 KiB  
Article
Prenyl Pterocarpans from Algerian Bituminaria bituminosa and Their Effects on Neuroblastoma
by Hakim Benhabrou, Fatma Bitam, Luigia Cristino, Alessandro Nicois, Marianna Carbone, Dibi Ammar, Margherita Gavagnin and Maria Letizia Ciavatta
Molecules 2024, 29(15), 3678; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153678 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
The pterocarpan fraction from aerial parts of Bituminaria bituminosa was investigated for both chemical characterization and biological evaluation. Chemical studies were in accordance with the literature data on Bituminaria genus resulting in the identification of typical 4,8-prenyl pterocarpans. Three new members, bituminarins A–C [...] Read more.
The pterocarpan fraction from aerial parts of Bituminaria bituminosa was investigated for both chemical characterization and biological evaluation. Chemical studies were in accordance with the literature data on Bituminaria genus resulting in the identification of typical 4,8-prenyl pterocarpans. Three new members, bituminarins A–C (13), were isolated along with main bitucarpin A (4), erybraedin C (5) and erybraedin D (6) already reported from this plant. Further, biological studies evidenced antiproliferative properties of the most abundant pterocarpans 4 and 5 on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, in agreement with previously described antiproliferative activity of these compounds against cancer cell lines other than neuroblastoma. The structure and the stereochemistry of the new molecules was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical derivatization methods. The biological investigation was carried out by using an assay platform based on a live-cell imaging system revealing an apoptotic cell death induction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry)
16 pages, 1421 KiB  
Review
A Review of Options and Costs for Mitigating GHG Emissions from the U.S. Dairy Sector
by Yuhong Lei, Muxi Cheng, Bruce McCarl and Jerry Cessna
Atmosphere 2024, 15(8), 926; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15080926 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
The U.S. dairy sector is a significant emitter of methane and nitrous oxide, with the US EPA estimating it produced around 90 Tg CO2 eq. in 2021. This paper reviews the literature on and evaluates various mitigation actions for reducing GHG emissions [...] Read more.
The U.S. dairy sector is a significant emitter of methane and nitrous oxide, with the US EPA estimating it produced around 90 Tg CO2 eq. in 2021. This paper reviews the literature on and evaluates various mitigation actions for reducing GHG emissions in the U.S. dairy sector, focusing on both direct and indirect emission sources. We conducted a narrative literature review based on the cradle to gate life-cycle assessment method, covering the entire dairy supply chain up until milk enters retail establishments, including dairy and feed producing farm practices, processing, transportation, and their associated emissions/costs. The papers included were selected over a three year process depending on discussions with experts and issues mentioned in the emerging literature. We review significant opportunities for the U.S. dairy sector to reduce emissions, particularly through improved enteric fermentation and manure management practices. Additionally, we cover the potential for mitigating indirect emissions from feed production, processing, and transportation, areas less frequently covered in existing studies. This review also covers a gap in the literature by integrating economic findings including cost analysis and incentives to mitigate based on the social value of emissions reductions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions)
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13 pages, 1316 KiB  
Article
The Risk of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Elderly People Living with HIV during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Daylia Thet, Sawitee Lappichetpaiboon, Chidchanok Trakultritrung, Nongnapas Sotangkur, Supalak Phonphithak, Hay Mar Su Lwin, Tanakorn Apornpong, Win Min Han, Anchalee Avihingsanon and Tippawan Siritientong
Nutrients 2024, 16(15), 2540; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152540 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
Malnutrition is a risk factor of sarcopenia in the elderly. During the COVID-19 pandemic, limited transportation and supply chain disruptions restricted access to nutritious foods. We assessed the nutritional status and sarcopenia risk in older people living with HIV (PLWH) on combination antiretroviral [...] Read more.
Malnutrition is a risk factor of sarcopenia in the elderly. During the COVID-19 pandemic, limited transportation and supply chain disruptions restricted access to nutritious foods. We assessed the nutritional status and sarcopenia risk in older people living with HIV (PLWH) on combination antiretroviral therapy in Thailand. This study was a hospital-based cohort among virally suppressed older PLWH who came for routine HIV clinic visits. The mini nutritional assessment (MNA), body composition analysis and 5-time chair stand test (CST) were performed to assess the nutritional status, muscle mass and physical performance, respectively. A total of 177 PLWH were enrolled (57.60% male). The median age was 58 years (IQR 55–62 years). Thirty-five participants (19.8%) were at risk of developing sarcopenia, and 28.2% had abnormal nutritional status. Muscle mass correlated positively with nutritional scores (r = 0.355, p < 0.001) but negatively with 5-time CST duration (r = −0.173, p = 0.021). In the multivariate model, muscle mass was associated with age, sex, mid-arm circumference, calf circumference and 5-time CST duration. In a well-viral-suppressed older Asian PLWH cohort, given the positive correlation between nutritional status and muscle mass, the nutritional status of older PLWH should be routinely evaluated and monitored. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status of the Older People)
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25 pages, 17143 KiB  
Article
Can Ecological Protection Affect High-Quality Forestry Development?—A Case Study of China
by Longbo Ma, Jixiang Fan, Qian Wang and Rong Zhao
Forests 2024, 15(8), 1354; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15081354 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
As the global ecological environment faces serious challenges, ecological protection has attracted global attention. As a basic industry of the national economy, China’s total forestry output value is 8.04 trillion RMB in 2022. This study aims to assess the impact of ecological protection [...] Read more.
As the global ecological environment faces serious challenges, ecological protection has attracted global attention. As a basic industry of the national economy, China’s total forestry output value is 8.04 trillion RMB in 2022. This study aims to assess the impact of ecological protection on high-quality forestry development and find its mechanism by using provincial panel data from 2010 to 2021 in China. The variables of environmental regulation and urbanization level were introduced. The benchmark regression model, mediation effect model and threshold effect model were employed for empirical analysis. The results show that: (1) The estimated ecological protection coefficient is 0.146. The ecological protection level significantly promotes high-quality forestry development; (2) The effect is more significant in the western region and the area with higher forest coverage. The estimated coefficients are 1.392 and 0.745. It is less affected by the marginal effect of the ecological protection level in the east; (3) The estimated environmental regulation coefficient is −0.021. Ecological protection promotes high-quality forestry development by reducing environmental regulations; (4) The impact increases with the level of urbanization. The p-value of the double threshold is 0.073. Therefore, policy recommendations are proposed to strengthen ecological protection and promote high-quality forestry development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Forest Economics, Policy, and Social Science)
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14 pages, 423 KiB  
Article
Cross-Cultural Validation of Teachers Social Self-Efficacy Scale: Insights from Cyprus, Greece, and Portugal
by Anastasia Vatou, Athanasios Gregoriadis, Maria Evagelou-Tsitiridou, George Manolitsis, Angeliki Mouzaki, Maria Kypriotaki, Vasileios Oikonomidis, Ana Lemos, Filipe Piedade, Diana Alves, Joana Cadima, Demos Michael, Vicky Charalambous, Andri Agathokleous, Charalambos Vrasidas and Vasilis Grammatikopoulos
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14080840 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to explore early childhood teachers’ social self-efficacy in Cyprus, Greece, and Portugal. In addition, this study examines the validity of the factorial structure of the Teachers’ Social Self-Efficacy Scale (TSSES). A sample of 349 early childhood [...] Read more.
The main aim of this study is to explore early childhood teachers’ social self-efficacy in Cyprus, Greece, and Portugal. In addition, this study examines the validity of the factorial structure of the Teachers’ Social Self-Efficacy Scale (TSSES). A sample of 349 early childhood teachers across the three countries participated in this study. An exploratory analysis and then a confirmatory factor analysis were employed to reveal the structure of the TSSES. Configural and metric invariance were established for the one-factor structure of the TSSES. The results showed that teachers in Portugal and Cyprus experience high levels of social self-efficacy, whereas Greek teachers experience moderate to high levels of social self-efficacy. The TSSES seems to be a reliable instrument for assessing social self-efficacy beliefs. Possible implications for practice are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Early Childhood Education)
22 pages, 4164 KiB  
Article
Intratumoral Cell Heterogeneity in Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cell Lines Revealed by Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing
by Mikhail Arbatskiy, Dmitriy Balandin, Alexey Churov, Vyacheslav Varachev, Eugenia Nikolaeva, Alexei Mitrofanov, Ali Bekyashev, Olga Tkacheva, Olga Susova and Tatiana Nasedkina
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8472; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158472 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
Glioblastoma cell lines derived from different patients are widely used in tumor biology research and drug screening. A key feature of glioblastoma is the high level of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity that accounts for treatment resistance. Our aim was to investigate whether intratumor [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma cell lines derived from different patients are widely used in tumor biology research and drug screening. A key feature of glioblastoma is the high level of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity that accounts for treatment resistance. Our aim was to investigate whether intratumor heterogeneity is maintained in cell models. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to investigate the cellular composition of a tumor sample and six patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines. Three cell lines preserved the mutational profile of the original tumor, whereas three others differed from their precursors. Copy-number variation analysis showed significantly rearranged genomes in all the cell lines and in the tumor sample. The tumor had the most complex cell composition, including cancer cells and microenvironmental cells. Cell lines with a conserved genome had less diverse cellularity, and during cultivation, a relative increase in the stem-cell-derived progenitors was noticed. Cell lines with genomes different from those of the primary tumors mainly contained neural progenitor cells and microenvironmental cells. The establishment of cell lines without the driver mutations that are intrinsic to the original tumors may be related to the selection of clones or cell populations during cultivation. Thus, patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines differ substantially in their cellular profile, which should be taken into account in translational studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Developments in Glioblastoma Research and Therapy)
17 pages, 1813 KiB  
Article
Variation in Phenology and Morphological Traits of Seed-Propagated Laggera alata and Laggera crispata Forms
by Noluthando Nonjabulo Nkosi, Godfrey Elijah Zharare, Clemence Zimudzi, Brita Stedje and Nontuthuko Rosemary Ntuli
Diversity 2024, 16(8), 466; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080466 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
The phenological and morphological variation studies among forms of Laggera Sch. Bip. Ex. Benth. and Hook species are limited, despite the medicinal use of the genus. Therefore, this study aimed to document phenology and morphological variation in cultivated populations of Laggera alata and [...] Read more.
The phenological and morphological variation studies among forms of Laggera Sch. Bip. Ex. Benth. and Hook species are limited, despite the medicinal use of the genus. Therefore, this study aimed to document phenology and morphological variation in cultivated populations of Laggera alata and Laggera crispata forms from seedling to maturity. The forms were categorized as Laggera alata with a small capitulum (LA-SC), Laggera alata with a large capitulum (LA-BC), Laggera crispata from South Africa (LC-SA), and Laggera crispata from Zimbabwe (LC-ZIM). Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes, transplanted to plug trays, and later to field plots at 60 days. Phenological events were recorded when observed in at least one plant. Twelve qualitative and four morphometric traits were measured monthly on five plants per Laggera form. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test (p < 0.05) were used for data analysis. Results indicated significant variation in phenology, qualitative traits, leaf traits, plant height, and stem diameter both within and between L. crispata and L. alata forms. Morphometric traits, such as leaf size and the number of leaves per plant, were identified as key descriptors for differentiating L. alata forms. These findings provide a foundation for the introduction of Laggera forms into farming systems for medicinal and commercial purposes. Full article
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12 pages, 2538 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Reveals circRNAs Related to Egg Production of Bian Chicken
by Peifeng Li, Qi Zhang, Chengzhu Chu, Binlin Ren, Pengfei Wu and Genxi Zhang
Animals 2024, 14(15), 2253; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14152253 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2024
Abstract
The hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis plays a pivotal role in the regulation of egg production in chickens. In addition to the traditional understanding of the HPO axis, emerging research highlights the significant role of circRNAs in modulating the functions of this axis. In the [...] Read more.
The hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis plays a pivotal role in the regulation of egg production in chickens. In addition to the traditional understanding of the HPO axis, emerging research highlights the significant role of circRNAs in modulating the functions of this axis. In the study, we collected hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian tissues from low-yielding and high-yielding Bian chickens for transcriptome sequencing. We identified 339, 339, and 287 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs with p_value < 0.05 and |log2 (fold change)| ≥ 1 in hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian tissues. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for the source genes of DE circRNAs has yielded multiple biological process (BP) entries related to cell development, the nervous system, and proteins, including cellular component morphogenesis, cell morphogenesis, nervous system development, neurogenesis, protein modification process, and protein metabolic process. In the top 30 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, we observed the enrichment of the GnRH signaling pathway in both the hypothalamus and the pituitary, solely identified the GnRH secretion pathway in the pituitary, and discovered the pathway of oocyte meiosis in the ovary. Furthermore, given that circRNA primarily functions through the ceRNA mechanism, we constructed ceRNA regulatory networks with DE circRNAs originating from the GnRH signaling pathway, GnRH secretion, ovarian steroidogenesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and the estrogen signaling pathway. Finally, several important ceRNA regulatory networks related to reproduction were discovered, such as novel_circ_003662-gga-let-7b/miR-148a-3p/miR-146a-5p/miR-146b-5p and novel_circ_003538-gga-miR-7464-3p-SLC19A1. This study will contribute to advancements in understanding the involvement of circRNAs in the HPO axis, potentially leading to innovations in improving egg production and poultry health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Genetics and Genomics)
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