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Keywords = digital Images

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20 pages, 2884 KiB  
Article
Dimensional Accuracy Assessment of Medical Anatomical Models Produced by Hospital-Based Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printer
by Kevin Wendo, Catherine Behets, Olivier Barbier, Benoit Herman, Thomas Schubert, Benoit Raucent and Raphael Olszewski
J. Imaging 2025, 11(2), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11020039 - 30 Jan 2025
Abstract
As 3D printing technology expands rapidly in medical disciplines, the accuracy evaluation of 3D-printed medical models is required. However, no established guidelines to assess the dimensional error of anatomical models exist. This study aims to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of medical models 3D-printed [...] Read more.
As 3D printing technology expands rapidly in medical disciplines, the accuracy evaluation of 3D-printed medical models is required. However, no established guidelines to assess the dimensional error of anatomical models exist. This study aims to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of medical models 3D-printed using a hospital-based Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printer. Two dissected cadaveric right hands were marked with Titanium Kirshner wires to identify landmarks on the heads and bases of all metacarpals and proximal and middle phalanges. Both hands were scanned using a Cone Beam Computed Tomography scanner. Image post-processing and segmentation were performed on 3D Slicer software. Hand models were 3D-printed using a professional hospital-based FDM 3D printer. Manual measurements of all landmarks marked on both pairs of cadaveric and 3D-printed hands were taken by two independent observers using a digital caliper. The Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) and Mean Dimensional Error (MDE) were calculated. Our results showed an acceptable level of dimensional accuracy. The overall study’s MAD was 0.32 mm (±0.34), and its MDE was 1.03% (±0.83). These values fall within the recommended range of errors. A high level of dimensional accuracy of the 3D-printed anatomical models was achieved, suggesting their reliability and suitability for medical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging)
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18 pages, 5267 KiB  
Article
Towards a Unified Identifier of Satellite Remote Sensing Images
by Jiahe Wang, Jin Wu, Mingbo Wu, Yuxiang Lu, Shangwen Lu, Dayong Zhu and Chenghu Zhou
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(3), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17030465 - 29 Jan 2025
Viewed by 282
Abstract
The rapid growth of Earth observation technologies has resulted in over 2000 operational remote sensing satellites, collectively generating an exabyte-scale volume of data. However, despite the availability of large data-sharing platforms, global remote sensing imagery still faces challenges in seamless access, precise querying, [...] Read more.
The rapid growth of Earth observation technologies has resulted in over 2000 operational remote sensing satellites, collectively generating an exabyte-scale volume of data. However, despite the availability of large data-sharing platforms, global remote sensing imagery still faces challenges in seamless access, precise querying, and efficient retrieval. To address these limitations, this study introduces the concept of the “Digital Imagery Object” (DIO) and develops a unified identification framework for satellite remote sensing imagery. The proposed approach establishes a structured identification and parsing system based on core metadata, including data acquisition platforms and imaging timestamps. This enhances the consistency and standardization of multisource imagery encoding, enabling unified identification and interpretation under a common set of rules. The system’s feasibility and effectiveness were demonstrated through the integration and management of diverse global datasets, highlighting its ability to streamline multisource data workflows. By supporting standardized management and one-click parsing, this framework facilitates efficient imagery sharing and lays the foundation for its use as a tradable digital resource on the internet. The study offers a practical solution for addressing current challenges in remote sensing imagery management, paving the way for improved accessibility and interoperability of Earth observation data. Full article
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16 pages, 5975 KiB  
Article
Automated Scattering Media Estimation in Peplography Using SVD and DCT
by Seungwoo Song, Hyun-Woo Kim, Myungjin Cho and Min-Chul Lee
Electronics 2025, 14(3), 545; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14030545 - 29 Jan 2025
Viewed by 271
Abstract
In this paper, we propose automation of estimating scattering media information in peplography using singular value decomposition (SVD) and discrete cosine transform (DCT). Conventional scattering media-removal methods reduce light scattering in images utilizing a variety of image-processing techniques and machine learning algorithms. However, [...] Read more.
In this paper, we propose automation of estimating scattering media information in peplography using singular value decomposition (SVD) and discrete cosine transform (DCT). Conventional scattering media-removal methods reduce light scattering in images utilizing a variety of image-processing techniques and machine learning algorithms. However, under conditions of heavy scattering media, they may not clearly visualize the object information. Peplography has been proposed as a solution to this problem. Peplography is capable of visualizing the object information by estimating the scattering media information and detecting the ballistic photons from heavy scattering media. Following that, 3D information can be obtained by integral imaging. However, it is difficult to apply this method to real-world situations since the process of scattering media estimation in peplography is not automated. To overcome this problem, we use automatic scattering media-estimation methods using SVD and DCT. They can estimate the scattering media information automatically by truncating the singular value matrix and Gaussian low-pass filter in the frequency domain. To evaluate our proposed method, we implement the experiment with two different conditions and compare the result image with the conventional method using metrics such as structural similarity (SSIM), feature similarity (FSIMc), gradient magnitude similarity deviation (GMSD), and learned perceptual image path similarity (LPIPS). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Imaging and Its Application)
20 pages, 16001 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Hot Isostatic Pressing on the Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Samples Printed Using the LENS Method
by Bożena Gzik-Zroska, Kamil Joszko, Agata Piątek, Wojciech Wolański, Edyta Kawlewska, Arkadiusz Szarek, Wojciech Kajzer and Grzegorz Stradomski
Materials 2025, 18(3), 612; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030612 - 29 Jan 2025
Viewed by 254
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the influence of the parameters of the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process and the direction of printing of Ti-6Al-4V samples made using the laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) method on strength properties. The tests were carried [...] Read more.
The aim of this work was to assess the influence of the parameters of the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process and the direction of printing of Ti-6Al-4V samples made using the laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) method on strength properties. The tests were carried out using a static testing machine and a digital image correlation system. Samples before and after the HIP process were tested. The HIP process was carried out at a temperature of 1150 °C, a heating time of 240 min and various pressure values of 500, 1000 and 1500 bar. Based on the comparative analysis of the test results, it has been shown that the ability to adjust the parameters of the HIP process has a significant impact on the final mechanical properties of the samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metalworking Processes: Theoretical and Experimental Study)
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16 pages, 4554 KiB  
Article
Design of Tool Shape and Evaluation of Deformation Behavior by Digital Image Correlation Method in V-Bending of Sheet Metal Using Plastic Tools Manufactured by 3D Printer
by Naotaka Nakamura, Yuri Hata, Witthaya Daodon, Daiki Ikeda, Nozomu Adachi, Yoshikazu Todaka and Yohei Abe
Materials 2025, 18(3), 608; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030608 - 29 Jan 2025
Viewed by 454
Abstract
In the V-bending of sheet metals using a pair of plastic punch and die manufactured by a 3D printer, the effects of two different dimensions designed with the same tool geometry on the deformation behaviors of the punch, die, and sheet were evaluated. [...] Read more.
In the V-bending of sheet metals using a pair of plastic punch and die manufactured by a 3D printer, the effects of two different dimensions designed with the same tool geometry on the deformation behaviors of the punch, die, and sheet were evaluated. The deformation behavior and strain distribution of the punch, die, and sheet were analyzed using a digital image correlation method. Sheets from pure aluminum to ultra-high-strength steel were bent using the two tools with different spans; one was designed on the assumption of tool steel material, and the other was designed on the assumption of plastic material. In both tools, the large compressive strain appeared around the center of the punch tip and on the corners of the die. The tools with a long span for the plastic material gave a lower bending force and small deformation of the plastic tools. The angle difference between a bent sheet at the bottom dead center and a tool was smaller for the tools with the long span, although the springback in the bent sheet appeared. It was found that the design method on the assumption of the plastic material is effective for the V-bending plastic tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art in Materials for Additive Manufacturing)
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28 pages, 36421 KiB  
Article
Pattern-Based Sinkhole Detection in Arid Zones Using Open Satellite Imagery: A Case Study Within Kazakhstan in 2023
by Simone Aigner, Sarah Hauser and Andreas Schmitt
Sensors 2025, 25(3), 798; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030798 - 28 Jan 2025
Viewed by 451
Abstract
Sinkholes are significant geohazards in karst regions that pose risks to landscapes and infrastructure by disrupting geological stability. Usually, sinkholes are mapped by field surveys, which is very cost-intensive with regard to vast coverages. One possible solution to derive sinkholes without entering the [...] Read more.
Sinkholes are significant geohazards in karst regions that pose risks to landscapes and infrastructure by disrupting geological stability. Usually, sinkholes are mapped by field surveys, which is very cost-intensive with regard to vast coverages. One possible solution to derive sinkholes without entering the area is the use of high-resolution digital terrain models, which are also expensive with respect to remote areas. Therefore, this study focusses on the mapping of sinkholes in arid regions from open-access remote sensing data. The case study involves data from the Sentinel missions over the Mangystau region in Kazakhstan provided by the European Space Agency free of cost. The core of the technique is a multi-scale curvature filter bank that highlights sinkholes (and takyrs) by their very special illumination pattern in Sentinel-2 images. Marginal confusions with vegetation shadows are excluded by consulting the newly developed Combined Vegetation Doline Index based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2. The geospatial analysis reveals distinct spatial correlations among sinkholes, takyrs, vegetation, and possible surface discharge. The generic and, therefore, transferable approach reached an accuracy of 92%. However, extensive reference data or comparable methods are not currently available. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing, Geophysics and GIS)
11 pages, 1210 KiB  
Article
The Use of an Integrated Digital Tool to Improve the Efficiency of Multidisciplinary Tumor Boards—A Prospective Trial in Taiwan
by Linda Chia-Fang Chang, Hsuan-Chih Kuo, Hung-Ming Wang, Yung-Chia Kuo, Ching-Ting Wang, Li-Chin Chen and Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
Cancers 2025, 17(3), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17030444 - 28 Jan 2025
Viewed by 360
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study assessed the impact of the navify Tumor Board digital tool on multidisciplinary team tumor boards’ (MDTs) efficiency, comparing its streamlined workflow and preparation to conventional, time-consuming methods. METHODS: This prospective observational study (January–June 2021) compared MDT phase durations (preparation, discussion, [...] Read more.
PURPOSE: This study assessed the impact of the navify Tumor Board digital tool on multidisciplinary team tumor boards’ (MDTs) efficiency, comparing its streamlined workflow and preparation to conventional, time-consuming methods. METHODS: This prospective observational study (January–June 2021) compared MDT phase durations (preparation, discussion, follow-up) using the navify Tumor Board platform versus conventional methods for integrated patient data management and decision-making. RESULTS: The navify Tumor Board significantly improved MDT efficiency across all phases compared to conventional methods. In the preparation phase, it reduced the time needed for cancer staging imaging checks and sending meeting materials by 8.62% (p < 0.001). During the discussion phase, it decreased the time required for presenting patient history, reviewing pathology/immunohistochemistry results, and gathering expert opinions, leading to a 21.26% overall reduction in discussion time (p < 0.001). For post-discussion follow-up, it saved 76.54% of the time required recording MDT comments (p < 0.001) and 33.43% of the time needed to schedule second discussions (p = 0.011). Overall, the Navify Tumor Board reduced the total MDT process time by 35.37% (p < 0.001), demonstrating its potential to streamline multidisciplinary cancer care decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the navify Tumor Board tool can significantly improve the efficiency of MDT workflows in Taiwan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Application of Bioinformatics in Cancers)
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23 pages, 6798 KiB  
Article
A Compact Stepped Frequency Continuous Waveform Through-Wall Radar System Based on Dual-Channel Software-Defined Radio
by Xinhui Li, Shengbo Ye, Zihao Wang, Yubing Yuan, Xiaojun Liu, Guangyou Fang and Deyun Ma
Electronics 2025, 14(3), 527; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14030527 - 28 Jan 2025
Viewed by 278
Abstract
Software-defined radio (SDR) has high flexibility and low cost. It conforms to the miniaturization, lightweight, and digitization trends in through-wall radar systems. Stepped frequency continuous waveform (SFCW) is commonly used in through-wall radar, which has high resolution and strong anti-interference ability. This article [...] Read more.
Software-defined radio (SDR) has high flexibility and low cost. It conforms to the miniaturization, lightweight, and digitization trends in through-wall radar systems. Stepped frequency continuous waveform (SFCW) is commonly used in through-wall radar, which has high resolution and strong anti-interference ability. This article develops an SFCW through-wall radar system based on a dual-channel SDR platform. Without changing hardware structure and complicated accessories, a phase compensation method of solving the phase incoherence problem in a low-cost dual-channel SDR platform is proposed. In addition, this article proposes a wall clutter mitigation approach by means of singular value decomposition (SVD) and principal component analysis (PCA) framework for through-wall applications. This approach can process the wall clutter and noise ‌efficiently,‌ and then extract the target subspace to obtain location information. The experimental results indicate that the proposed windowing-based SVD-PCA approach is effective for the developed radar system, which can ensure the accuracy of through-wall detection. It is also superior to the traditional methods in terms of the image quality of range profiles or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Full article
12 pages, 2337 KiB  
Article
How Do Different Image Modules Impact the Accuracy of Working Length Measurements in Digital Periapical Radiography? An In Vitro Study
by Vahide Hazal Abat and Rabia Figen Kaptan
Diagnostics 2025, 15(3), 305; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030305 - 28 Jan 2025
Viewed by 354
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of digital dental radiography in determining working length in root canal treatment via various image modules. Methods: A total of 40 intact single-rooted, single-canal human premolar teeth were examined. Following meticulous cleaning, the [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of digital dental radiography in determining working length in root canal treatment via various image modules. Methods: A total of 40 intact single-rooted, single-canal human premolar teeth were examined. Following meticulous cleaning, the teeth were placed in a maxillary premolar socket within a dry human skull. X-ray images were systematically captured via a Carestream RVG digital sensor under standardized conditions. The digital images are processed under five distinct image modules: 1. original module, 2. autoenhancement module, 3. autoenhancement+negative module, 4. negative module, 5. colored module. Three calibrated observers determined the working length of each digital radiograph after the specified image modules were applied. The agreement between the actual working length and the lengths determined by the observers was evaluated via Pearson correlation analysis. A significance level of 0.05 was set for the statistical tests. Results: A high level of intra- and interobserver agreement, with a strong correlation between the actual measurements and all image module groups, was obtained (p < 0.001). The original image module group demonstrated the highest compatibility (ICC = 0.940, r = 0.912), whereas the colored image module group exhibited the lowest compatibility (ICC = 0.924, r = 0.879) with the actual measurement. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the accuracy of digital radiography in determining working length through the application of various image modules, with the original image module exhibiting the closest alignment to actual working lengths. These findings support the continued use and further development of computer-based image processing tools to optimize clinical outcomes in root canal therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging and Theranostics)
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50 pages, 68393 KiB  
Article
Improved Stereophotogrammetric and Multi-View Shape-from-Shading DTMs of Occator Crater and Its Interior Cryovolcanism-Related Bright Spots
by Alicia Neesemann, Stephan van Gasselt, Ralf Jaumann, Julie C. Castillo-Rogez, Carol A. Raymond, Sebastian H. G. Walter and Frank Postberg
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(3), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17030437 - 27 Jan 2025
Viewed by 280
Abstract
Over the course of NASA’s Dawn Discovery mission, the onboard framing camera mapped Ceres across a wide wavelength spectrum at varying polar science orbits and altitudes. With increasing resolution, the uniqueness of the 92 km wide, young Occator crater became evident. Its central [...] Read more.
Over the course of NASA’s Dawn Discovery mission, the onboard framing camera mapped Ceres across a wide wavelength spectrum at varying polar science orbits and altitudes. With increasing resolution, the uniqueness of the 92 km wide, young Occator crater became evident. Its central cryovolcanic dome, Cerealia Tholus, and especially the associated bright carbonate and ammonium chloride deposits—named Cerealia Facula and the thinner, more dispersed Vinalia Faculae—are the surface expressions of a deep brine reservoir beneath Occator. Understandably, this made this crater the target for future sample return mission studies. The planning and preparation for this kind of mission require the characterization of potential landing sites based on the most accurate topography and orthorectified image data. In this work, we demonstrate the capabilities of the freely available and open-source USGS Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS 3) and Ames Stereo Pipeline (ASP 2.7) in creating high-quality image data products as well as stereophotogrammetric (SPG) and multi-view shape-from-shading (SfS) digital terrain models (DTMs) of the aforementioned spectroscopically challenging features. The main data products of our work are four new DTMs, including one SPG and one SfS DTM based on High-Altitude Mapping Orbit (HAMO) (CSH/CXJ) and one SPG and one SfS DTM based on Low-Altitude Mapping Orbit (LAMO) (CSL/CXL), along with selected Extended Mission Orbit 7 (XMO7) framing camera (FC) data. The SPG and SfS DTMs were calculated to a GSD of 1 and 0.5 px, corresponding to 136 m (HAMO SPG), 68 m (HAMO SfS), 34 m (LAMO SPG), and 17 m (LAMO SfS). Finally, we show that the SPG and SfS approaches we used yield consistent results even in the presence of high albedo differences and highlight how our new DTMs differ from those previously created and published by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Full article
23 pages, 24213 KiB  
Article
Optical Image Generation Through Digital Terrain Models for Autonomous Lunar Navigation
by Michele Ceresoli, Stefano Silvestrini and Michèle Lavagna
Aerospace 2025, 12(2), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12020092 - 27 Jan 2025
Viewed by 323
Abstract
In recent years, Vision-Based Navigation (VBN) techniques have emerged as a fundamental component to enable autonomous spacecraft operations, particularly in challenging environments such as planetary landings, where ground control may be limited or unavailable. Developing and testing VBN algorithms requires the availability of [...] Read more.
In recent years, Vision-Based Navigation (VBN) techniques have emerged as a fundamental component to enable autonomous spacecraft operations, particularly in challenging environments such as planetary landings, where ground control may be limited or unavailable. Developing and testing VBN algorithms requires the availability of a large number of realistic images of the application scenario; however, these are rarely available. This paper presents a novel rendering software tool to generate accurate synthetic optical images of the lunar surface by leveraging high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs). Unlike traditional ray-tracing algorithms, the method iteratively propagates camera rays to determine their intersection with the terrain surface defined by a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The color information is then retrieved from the corresponding Digital Orthophoto Model (DOM) through the knowledge of the ray impact points, bypassing the need for the costly computation of shadows, reflections, and refractions effects. The rendering performance is demonstrated through a comprehensive selection of images of the lunar surface under different illumination conditions and camera orientations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Space Navigation and Control Technologies)
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27 pages, 1124 KiB  
Article
Effects and Determinants of Implementing Digital Customer Service Tools in Polish SMEs
by Danuta Szwajca and Alina Rydzewska
Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031022 - 27 Jan 2025
Viewed by 573
Abstract
The article aims to identify the effects and determinants of implementing digital customer service tools in Polish SMEs in terms of digital customer requirements. Quantitative research was conducted among Polish SMEs using a survey. The following statistical methods were used to analyze the [...] Read more.
The article aims to identify the effects and determinants of implementing digital customer service tools in Polish SMEs in terms of digital customer requirements. Quantitative research was conducted among Polish SMEs using a survey. The following statistical methods were used to analyze the survey data: Dunn’s post hoc tests, ANOVA Kruskal–Wallis test, Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient, and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARSplines). Research results showed that Polish SMEs demonstrating better preparedness to serve digital customers achieve higher financial results, an increase in the rapidity and agility of customer service, increased customer satisfaction, and improved image. In addition, they gain sustainability benefits in the form of reduced emissions of hazardous substances or waste, recycling of waste, and reduced consumption of water, electricity, and other raw materials. The main determinants of digital transformation in customer service are the type of business (Polish Classification of Activities—PKD), the age of the company, and the educational level of its manager. The article contributes to promoting digitization among SME managers and motivates them to support customer service with digital tools. The identified effects and determinants provide practical guidance and encourage the implementation of digital technologies to meet the demands of digital customers. Using this approach, SMEs can increase their satisfaction and loyalty, resulting in better financial performance and improved competitiveness. This article identifies the economic and sustainability effects and determinants of implementing digital customer service tools in Polish SMEs in the context of digital customer requirements. This study has an original approach to the issue of digital transformation in the SME sector in Poland. Full article
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8 pages, 2358 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Evaluating Material Parameter Influence on Drapability Using VStitcher
by Malin Schiller, Soraya Flohr, Jeanne Marisol Delmas, Anja Krüger, Anne-Marie Miene, Patrizia Zimmermann, Lena Wolf, Miriam Seffers, Michelle-Sophie Ruchay-Drammeh, Ulrike Reinhardt and Lilia Sabantina
Eng. Proc. 2024, 67(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024067083 - 26 Jan 2025
Viewed by 204
Abstract
The goal of 3D simulation in the apparel industry is highly relevant in terms of sustainability, as the realistic visualization of textile drape and the drapability of textile surfaces plays a crucial role in reducing textile waste and optimizing resource use. It is [...] Read more.
The goal of 3D simulation in the apparel industry is highly relevant in terms of sustainability, as the realistic visualization of textile drape and the drapability of textile surfaces plays a crucial role in reducing textile waste and optimizing resource use. It is a matter not only of generating photo-realistic images in 3D garment simulations, but also of making reliable predictions about the physical behavior of textile materials in order to achieve realistic outcomes. The prerequisite for 3D garment simulation is the correct application of standardized simulation programs, which is rarely accomplished in practice because the providers of 3D simulation software do not disclose their simulation algorithms, making accurate analysis difficult. In this study, an objective image comparison is carried out using the VStitcher simulation program as an example, which allows an assessment of the value of the relevant material parameters. A drape test is used as a validation method and the drape coefficient is calculated. Depending on the material and parameter settings, drape coefficients between 0.1 and 10% and between 0.7 and 70% are determined. By modifying the bending stiffness, the drape coefficient increases the most. By systematically varying and comparing these parameters, a deeper understanding of their influence can be obtained. The most significant effect on the drape coefficient (DC) is seen with increased bending stiffness, while changes in thickness, elongation, and shear stiffness have a minimal effect. Increased fabric thickness has a greater effect on appearance than on deformation. The digital parameters affect the simulation in much the same way as the physical textile parameters affect the real material. With VStitcher, the desired fabric changes are more effectively achieved by adjusting the bending stiffness and mass per area, while changes in thickness, elongation, and shear stiffness have little effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes)
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11 pages, 6644 KiB  
Case Report
A Forgotten Rare Cause of Unilateral Basal Ganglia Calcinosis Due to Venous Angioma and Complicating Acute Stroke Management: A Case Report
by Arturs Balodis, Sintija Strautmane, Oskars Zariņš, Kalvis Verzemnieks, Jānis Vētra, Sergejs Pavlovičs, Edgars Naudiņš and Kārlis Kupčs
Diagnostics 2025, 15(3), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030291 - 26 Jan 2025
Viewed by 281
Abstract
Background: Unilateral basal ganglia calcinosis (BGC) is a rare radiological finding that can be diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but often presents challenges for clinicians and radiologists in determining its underlying cause. So far, only a few potential [...] Read more.
Background: Unilateral basal ganglia calcinosis (BGC) is a rare radiological finding that can be diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but often presents challenges for clinicians and radiologists in determining its underlying cause. So far, only a few potential causes that could explain unilateral BGC have been described in the literature. Case Report: A 54-year-old Caucasian male was admitted to a tertiary university hospital due to the sudden onset of speech impairment and right-sided weakness. The patient had no significant medical history prior to this event. Non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) of the brain revealed no evidence of acute ischemia; CT angiography (CTA) showed acute left middle cerebral artery (MCA) M2 segment occlusion. CT perfusion (CTP) maps revealed an extensive penumbra-like lesion, which is potentially reversible upon achieving successful recanalization. However, a primary neoplastic tumor with calcifications in the basal ganglia was initially interpreted as the potential cause; therefore, acute stroke treatment with intravenous thrombolysis was contraindicated. A follow-up CT examination at 24 h revealed an ischemic lesion localized to the left insula, predominantly involving the left parietal lobe and the superior gyrus of the left temporal lobe. Subsequent gadolinium-enhanced brain MRI revealed small blood vessels draining into the subependymal periventricular veins on the left basal ganglia. Digital subtraction angiography was conducted, confirming the diagnosis of venous angioma. Conclusions: Unilateral BGC caused by venous angioma is a rare entity with unclear pathophysiological mechanisms and heterogeneous clinical presentation. It may mimic conditions such as intracerebral hemorrhage or hemorrhagic brain tumors, complicating acute stroke management, as demonstrated in this case. Surrounding tissue calcification may provide a valuable radiological clue in diagnosing venous angiomas DVAs and vascular malformations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cerebrovascular Imaging and Interventions)
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14 pages, 2369 KiB  
Article
Supervised Face Tampering Detection Based on Spatial Channel Attention Mechanism
by Xinyi Wang, Wanru Song, Chuanyan Hao, Sijiang Liu and Feng Liu
Electronics 2025, 14(3), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14030500 - 26 Jan 2025
Viewed by 288
Abstract
Face images hold exceptional significance in contemporary society, serving as direct identifiers due to their rich personal attributes, enhancing daily life and work efficiency. However, advancements in deep learning and image processing have led to the proliferation of sophisticated face forgery software, rendering [...] Read more.
Face images hold exceptional significance in contemporary society, serving as direct identifiers due to their rich personal attributes, enhancing daily life and work efficiency. However, advancements in deep learning and image processing have led to the proliferation of sophisticated face forgery software, rendering detection increasingly challenging. We propose a novel face tampering detection method utilizing a spatial attention-enhanced bidirectional convolutional neural network to address this. This approach synergizes the strengths of dense convolutional and depthwise separable networks for superior image feature extraction, thereby improving the accuracy of authentic and manipulated face detection. Furthermore, the network is trained to initially localize tampered regions within face images by integrating a spatial channel-based attention module as supervisory input. On three widely used public face forgery datasets, our method achieves an AUC of no less than 96.45%. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of our method in accurately detecting and initially localizing face tampering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Image Processing Based on Convolution Neural Network)
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