Kitamura, Y.; Ichisugi, Y.; Karkour, S.; Itsubo, N. Carbon Footprint Evaluation based on Tourist Consumption toward Sustainable Tourism in Japan. Sustainability2020, 12, 2219.
Kitamura, Y.; Ichisugi, Y.; Karkour, S.; Itsubo, N. Carbon Footprint Evaluation based on Tourist Consumption toward Sustainable Tourism in Japan. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2219.
Kitamura, Y.; Ichisugi, Y.; Karkour, S.; Itsubo, N. Carbon Footprint Evaluation based on Tourist Consumption toward Sustainable Tourism in Japan. Sustainability2020, 12, 2219.
Kitamura, Y.; Ichisugi, Y.; Karkour, S.; Itsubo, N. Carbon Footprint Evaluation based on Tourist Consumption toward Sustainable Tourism in Japan. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2219.
Abstract
The importance of the contribution from tourism to climate change was pointed out by the International Tourism Organization (UNWTO). By combining process-based Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Input-output analysis, several researches have tried to evaluate the impacts of the tourism industry as well as its products and services. Indeed, the tourism sector has a wide range of industries including travel and tour, transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, amusement, souvenirs etc. However, the existing cases did not show a breakdown of the impact on climate change. In this paper, the carbon footprint (CFP) of the Japanese tourism industry was calculated based on tourist consumption, using the Japanese Input-output table and the Japanese tourism industry. It was shown that the total emissions were approximately 136 million t-CO2 per year. The contribution ratio of each stage is as follows: Transport 56.3%, Souvenirs 23.2%, Petrol (direct emissions) 16.9%, Accommodation 9.8%, Food and Beverage 7.5%, Activities 3.0%. Then, in the breakdown, the impact is high in the following order Air transport 24.7%, Petrol (direct emissions) 16.9%,Accommodation 9.8%, Food and Beverage 7.5%, Petrol 6.1%, Textile products 5.3%, Food items 4.9%, Confectionery 4.8%, Rail transport 3.9%, Cosmetics 1.9%, Footwear 1.8%, etc. In addition to transportation, this research also highlighted especially the contribution from souvenirs, accommodation, food and beverages.
Keywords
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); Carbon Footprint (CFP); Tourism
Subject
Engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.