Version 1
: Received: 30 August 2020 / Approved: 31 August 2020 / Online: 31 August 2020 (16:28:30 CEST)
How to cite:
Hwang, J.-K. Big Bang Process, Magnetic Monopoles and Super Unification Theory of All Forces Using the GEM Wave. Preprints2020, 2020080726. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202008.0726.v1
Hwang, J.-K. Big Bang Process, Magnetic Monopoles and Super Unification Theory of All Forces Using the GEM Wave. Preprints 2020, 2020080726. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202008.0726.v1
Hwang, J.-K. Big Bang Process, Magnetic Monopoles and Super Unification Theory of All Forces Using the GEM Wave. Preprints2020, 2020080726. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202008.0726.v1
APA Style
Hwang, J. K. (2020). Big Bang Process, Magnetic Monopoles and Super Unification Theory of All Forces Using the GEM Wave. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202008.0726.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Hwang, J. 2020 "Big Bang Process, Magnetic Monopoles and Super Unification Theory of All Forces Using the GEM Wave" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202008.0726.v1
Abstract
Space-time evolution is briefly explained by using the 3-dimensional quantized space model (TQSM) based on the 4-dimensional (4-D) Euclidean space. The energy (mass), charges and absolute time are newly defined based on the 4-D Euclidean space. The photons and gravitons are understood as the 2-D space fluctuations along the space axes and 1-D time fluctuations along the time axis, respectively. This indicates that the electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational (G) waves can be unified into the so called gravityelectromagnetic (GEM) wave which has both space and time fluctuations. The photon with zero force fields is the 2EM wave because an EM wave corresponds to a charged fermion. The dark matter bosons, weak force bosons, strong force bosons are the 1-D time fluctuations which can be expressed by the G waves. This indicates that all five forces are unified by the GEM wave. It is called as the super unification theory in the present work. And the force carrying bosons and mesons are, for the first time, proposed as the possible candidates of the magnetic monopoles like the fermions and baryons are the electric monopoles. The signs of the magnetic charges quantized as qm=cq are newly defined. The big bang is understood by the space-time evolution of the 4-D Euclidean space but not by the sudden 4-D Minkowski space-time creation. The big bang process created the matter universe with the positive energy and the partner anti-matter universe with the negative energy from the CPT symmetry.
Keywords
Big bang; Super unification theory; 4-D Euclidean space; CPT symmetric universe; Origins of the energy (mass); charge and time; Magnetic monopoles
Subject
Physical Sciences, Particle and Field Physics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.