Version 1
: Received: 1 May 2023 / Approved: 2 May 2023 / Online: 2 May 2023 (10:59:35 CEST)
How to cite:
Leogrande, A.; Costantiello, A. The Role of GDP Growth in the ESG Approach at World Level. Preprints2023, 2023050085. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.0085.v1
Leogrande, A.; Costantiello, A. The Role of GDP Growth in the ESG Approach at World Level. Preprints 2023, 2023050085. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.0085.v1
Leogrande, A.; Costantiello, A. The Role of GDP Growth in the ESG Approach at World Level. Preprints2023, 2023050085. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.0085.v1
APA Style
Leogrande, A., & Costantiello, A. (2023). The Role of GDP Growth in the ESG Approach at World Level. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.0085.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Leogrande, A. and Alberto Costantiello. 2023 "The Role of GDP Growth in the ESG Approach at World Level" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.0085.v1
Abstract
We analyze the question of GDP Growth-GDPG rate in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG framework. We use World Bank data for 193 countries in the period 2011-2020 using different econometric techniques i.e., Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled Ordinary Least Squares-OLS. We found that GDPG rate is positively associated, among others, to “Government Effectiveness” and “Prevalence of Undernourishment” and negatively associated among others to “Unemployment” and “Research and Development Expenditure”. Furthermore, we have applied the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Elbow method and we found the presence of four clusters in the sense of GDPG rate. Finally, we confront eight machine learning algorithms to predict the value of GDPG rate and we found that the Polynomial Regression is the best predictor. The Polynomial Regression predicts an increase of GDPG rate equal to 2.88% on average for the analysed countries.
Keywords
Analysis of Collective Decision-Making; General; Political Processes: Rent-Seeking; Lobbying; Elections; Legislatures; and Voting Behaviour; Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption; Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation; Implementation.
Subject
Business, Economics and Management, Economics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
