Testing and Characterizing Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nicolò Zatta; Bernardo De Cesaro; Enrico Dal Cin; Gianluca Carraro; Giovanni Cristofoli; Andrea Trovò; Andrea Lazzaretto; Massimo Guarnieri

doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1399.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 14 May 2024 / Approved: 15 May 2024 / Online: 21 May 2024 (17:21:27 CEST)

Reduced-order electrothermal models play a key role in the design and control of lithium- ion cell stacks, calling for accurate model parameter calibration. This paper presents a complete electrical and thermal experimental characterization procedure for coupled modeling of cylindrical lithium-ion cells in order to implement them in a prototype Formula SAE hybrid racing car. The main 4goal of the tests is to determine cell capacity variations with temperatures and discharge currents, to predict the open circuit voltage of the cell and its entropic component. A simple approach for the characterization of the battery equivalent electrical circuit and a two-steps thermal characterization method are also shown. The investigations are carried out on four commercial 18650 NMC lithium cells. The model demonstrated to predict the battery voltage at a RMS error lower than 20mV and the temperature to a RMS error equal to 0.5 ◦C. The authors hope that this manuscript can contribute to the development of standardized characterization techniques for such cells, while offering experimental data and validated models that can be used by researchers and BMS designers in different applications.

Li-ion cell; cylindrical cell; 18650 cell; cell parameter identification; cell equivalent circuit model; galvanostatic intermittent tritation technique; cell entropic heat; coupled electro-thermal model

Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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Testing and Characterizing Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries

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