ALE

L-EPINEPHRINE

Created:	1999-07-08
Last modified:	2021-03-01

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Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	26
Chiral Atom Count	1
Bond Count	26
Aromatic Bond Count	6

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Chemical Component Summary
Name	L-EPINEPHRINE
Synonyms	ADRENALINE
Systematic Name (OpenEye OEToolkits)	4-[(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxidanyl-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Formula	C₉ H₁₃ N O₃
Molecular Weight	183.204
Type	NON-POLYMER

Chemical Descriptors
Type	Program	Version	Descriptor
SMILES	ACDLabs	12.01	Oc1ccc(cc1O)C(O)CNC
SMILES	CACTVS	3.370	CNC[CH](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
SMILES	OpenEye OEToolkits	1.7.6	CNCC(c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
Canonical SMILES	CACTVS	3.370	CNC[C@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
Canonical SMILES	OpenEye OEToolkits	1.7.6	CNC[C@@H](c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
InChI	InChI	1.03	InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChIKey	InChI	1.03	UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank data are sourced from datasets licensed under a Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

DrugBank ID	DB00668
Name	Epinephrine
Groups	approved vet_approved
Description	Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Synonyms	1,2-BENZENEDIOL, 4-(1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-, (R)- Epinefrina (−)-adrenaline (R)-(-)-Adrenaline (R)-(-)-Epinephrine Epinephrine Adrénaline Epinephrin Epinephrine acetate (−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol Epinephrinum (R)-(-)-Epirenamine Epinefrin 4-((1R)-1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-1,2-BENZENEDIOL Epinephrine bitartrate (−)-(R)-epinephrine Epinephrine hydrochloride L-Adrenaline BENZYL ALCOHOL, 3,4-DIHYDROXY-.ALPHA.-((METHYLAMINO)METHYL)-, (-)- (R)-(-)-Adnephrine RACEPINEFRINE, (R)- Adrenaline 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol (R)-(−)-adrenaline Levoepinephrine
Brand Names	Xylocaine-mpf With Epi Allerject E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution Epinephrine Injection Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1 Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000 EpiPen Jr Taroclick Epinephrine Sensorcaine Forte Crown-pak Max 4-ply Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Adrenalin Vials Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection Orabloc 1:100,000 Epinephrine Chloride Solution Marcaine With Epinephrine Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit Anapen Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit Lignospan Speciale Inj Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Epinephrine Injection USP Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2 LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE Auvi-Q The Solution The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief EPY Kit Lidosite Numquick Analgesic Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine) Xylocaine MPF EpinephrineSnap-EMS Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000 Septanest N Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im) SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1 E-pilo-6 Oph Soln EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit Orabloc Primatene Mist Refill Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP Lixtraxen 1% Spinal Anaesthesia Tray Vasocaine Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Adrenalin(r) Dysne Inhal Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000 Prime Asthma Relief LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI Epinephrine Convenience Kit 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP Adyphren II Kit Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00 Xylocaine Primatene Mist Adyphren Amp II Kit Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5% Basic Dental Emergency Kit Ultracaine DS Inj Posicaine Sp Vivacaine Gingi-pak Pellets Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate LIDOCAINE HCl Orostat 8% Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2 Adrenalin (epinephrine) E-pilo-4 Oph Soln CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose Articaine Sensorcaine 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml) Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Zone 2 Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml Blue Gel Anesthetic Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine Pro Numb Spinal Anesthesia Tray Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000 Leep RediKit Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label Epinephrine Professional EMS Gingi Pak Cord No 1 Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine Sensorcaine With Epinephrine E-pilo-2 Oph Soln Citanest Forte Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3 Lidocaine Hci EpinephrineSnap-V Ultracaine DS Forte Inj Medihaler-Epi Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000 Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector Epipen Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj Septanest Sp Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3 Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector Emerade Adrenalin Scandonest 2% Special Inj Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Lidocaine QKit Procedure Tray Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000 LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE Symjepi E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution Ultracaine D-S Injection Posicaine N Orabloc 1:200,000 Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride) Septocaine Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Gingi-pak Max 2-ply Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj E-pilo-1 Oph Soln Octocaine 100 Ana-kit Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000 Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection EPY II Kit Articaine HCl and Epinephrine Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000 Neffy Articadent Marcaine E Sensorcaine Mpf Twinject Ephinephrine EpiPen D-Care 100X Minnerva II Citanest Forte DENTAL Adrenaclick Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Epipen Jr Gingi-pak Cotton Coil Taroclick Epinephrine Junior Zorcaine Lignospan Standard Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000 Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector Adyphren Amp Kit Ultacan 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml) Epinephrinesnap-V Xylocaine with epinephrine Epinephrine Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine) Septocaine and Epinephrine 4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector Marcaine E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution Anapen Junior Octocaine 50 Adrenalin Topical Solution Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection Numquick Topical Analgesic Epinephrine 0.3 Adults Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Lignospan Forte Epinephrine Pediatrics Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50% Adyphren Kit Marcaine with Epinephrine Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000 Epinephrine Professional Ultacan Forte Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Indication	Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergics, Inhalants Agents producing tachycardia Agents that produce hypertension Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists Amines Anti-Asthmatic Agents Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Autonomic Agents Benzene Derivatives Biogenic Amines Biogenic Monoamines Bronchodilator Agents Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides Cardiac Therapy Cardiovascular Agents Catecholamines Catechols COMT Substrates Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Dental Agents Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases Epinephrine and similars Hemostatics Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents Local Hemostatics Mydriatics Nasal Preparations Neurotransmitter Agents OCT1 substrates OCT2 Substrates Ophthalmologicals Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phenols Respiratory System Agents Stomatological Preparations Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents Sympathomimetics Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics, Plain Vasoconstrictor Agents
ATC-Code	A01AD01 R03AK01 B02BC09 C01CA24 S01EA01 R01AA14 R03AA01 S01EA51
CAS number	51-43-4

Drug Targets

DrugBank data are sourced from datasets licensed under a Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILS...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGL...	unknown	agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESP...	unknown	agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MFRQEQPLAEGSFAPMGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLT...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	MTFRDLLSVSFEGPRPDSSAGGSSAGGGGGSAGGAAPSEGPAVGGVPGGA...	unknown	antagonist
Tumor necrosis factor	MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCL...	unknown	antagonist,agonist
Cytochrome P450 2C9	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDI...	unknown	inhibitor
Cytochrome P450 3A4	MALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNI...	unknown	inhibitor
Catechol O-methyltransferase	MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLL...	unknown	substrate
Monoamine oxidase	MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGG...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHR...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	MPTVDDILEQVGESGWFQKQAFLILCLLSAAFAPICVGIVFLGFTPDHHC...	unknown	substrate
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Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682