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Sims PJ, Waggoner AS, Wang CH, Hoffman JF. Studies on the mechanism by which cyanine dyes measure membrane potential in red blood cells and phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Biochemistry 1974; 13:3315-30. [PMID: 4842277 DOI: 10.1021/bi00713a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 800] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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51 |
800 |
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Butler MG, Dasouki MJ, Zhou XP, Talebizadeh Z, Brown M, Takahashi TN, Miles JH, Wang CH, Stratton R, Pilarski R, Eng C. Subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorders and extreme macrocephaly associated with germline PTEN tumour suppressor gene mutations. J Med Genet 2006; 42:318-21. [PMID: 15805158 PMCID: PMC1736032 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.024646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The genetic aetiology of autism remains elusive. Occasionally, individuals with Cowden syndrome (a cancer syndrome) and other related hamartoma disorders such as Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, Proteus syndrome, and Proteus-like conditions, are characterised by germline PTEN mutations, and may have neurobehavioural features resembling autism as well as overgrowth and macrocephaly. Therefore, we undertook PTEN gene mutation analysis in 18 subjects mainly prospectively ascertained with autism spectrum disorder and macrocephaly. Of these 18 autistic subjects (13 males and five females; ages 3.1-18.4 years) with a head circumference range from 2.5 to 8.0 standard deviations above the mean, three males (17%) carried germline PTEN mutations. These three probands had previously undescribed PTEN mutations: H93R (exon 4), D252G (exon 7), and F241S (exon 7). They had the larger head circumference measurements amongst all our study subjects. The three residues altered in our patients were highly evolutionarily conserved. We suggest that PTEN gene testing be considered for patients with autistic behaviour and extreme macrocephaly. The gene findings may impact on recurrence risks as well as medical management for the patient.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
19 |
575 |
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Rosamond WD, Chambless LE, Folsom AR, Cooper LS, Conwill DE, Clegg L, Wang CH, Heiss G. Trends in the incidence of myocardial infarction and in mortality due to coronary heart disease, 1987 to 1994. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:861-7. [PMID: 9744969 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199809243391301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS To clarify the determinants of contemporary trends in mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), we conducted surveillance of hospital admissions for myocardial infarction and of in-hospital and out-of-hospital deaths due to CHD among 35-to-74-year-old residents of four communities of varying size in the United States (a total of 352,481 persons in 1994). Between 1987 and 1994, we estimate that there were 11,869 hospitalizations for myocardial infarction (on the basis of 8572 hospitalizations sampled) and 3407 fatal coronary events (3023 sampled). RESULTS The largest average annual decrease in mortality due to CHD occurred among white men (change in mortality, -4.7 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -2.2 to -7.1 percent), followed by white women (-4.5 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -0.7 to -8.2 percent), black women (-4.1 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -10.3 to +2.5 percent), and black men (-2.5 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -6.9 to +2.2 percent). Overall, in-hospital mortality from CHD fell by 5.1 percent per year, whereas out-of-hospital mortality declined by 3.6 percent per year. There was no evidence of a decline in the incidence of hospitalization for a first myocardial infarction among either men or women; in fact, such hospital admissions increased by 7.4 percent per year (95 percent confidence interval for the change, +0.5 to +14.8 percent) among black women and 2.9 percent per year (95 percent confidence interval, -3.6 to +9.9 percent) among black men. Rates of recurrent myocardial infarction decreased, and survival after myocardial infarction improved. CONCLUSIONS From 1987 to 1994, we observed a stable or slightly increasing incidence of hospitalization for myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, there were significant annual decreases in mortality from CHD. The decline in mortality in the four communities we studied may be due largely to improvements in the treatment and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction.
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Rosamond WD, Folsom AR, Chambless LE, Wang CH, McGovern PG, Howard G, Copper LS, Shahar E. Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults: 9-year follow-up of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Stroke 1999; 30:736-43. [PMID: 10187871 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.30.4.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although stroke mortality rates in the United States are well documented, assessment of incidence rates and case fatality are less well studied. METHODS A cohort of 15 792 men and women aged 45 to 64 years from a population sample of households in 4 US communities was followed from 1987 to 1995, an average of 7. 2 years. Incident strokes were identified through annual phone contacts and hospital record searching and were then validated. RESULTS Of the 267 incident definite or probable strokes, 83% (n=221) were categorized as ischemic strokes, 10% (n=27) were intracerebral hemorrhages, and 7% (n=19) were subarachnoid hemorrhages. The age-adjusted incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) of total strokes was highest among black men (4.44), followed by black women (3.10), white men (1.78), and white women (1.24). The black versus white age-adjusted rate ratio (RR) for ischemic stroke was 2.41 (95% CI, 1.85 to 3.15), which was attenuated to 1.38 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.89) after adjustment for baseline hypertension, diabetes, education level, smoking status, and prevalent coronary heart disease. There was a tendency for the adjusted case fatality rates to be higher among blacks and men, although none of the case fatality comparisons across sex or race was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS After accounting for established baseline risk factors, blacks still had a 38% greater risk of incident ischemic stroke compared with whites. Identification of new individual and community-level risk factors accounting for the elevated incidence of stroke requires further investigation and incorporation into intervention planning.
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Cohen LB, Salzberg BM, Davila HV, Ross WN, Landowne D, Waggoner AS, Wang CH. Changes in axon fluorescence during activity: molecular probes of membrane potential. J Membr Biol 1974; 19:1-36. [PMID: 4431037 DOI: 10.1007/bf01869968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Comparative Study |
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Zeches RJ, Rossell MD, Zhang JX, Hatt AJ, He Q, Yang CH, Kumar A, Wang CH, Melville A, Adamo C, Sheng G, Chu YH, Ihlefeld JF, Erni R, Ederer C, Gopalan V, Chen LQ, Schlom DG, Spaldin NA, Martin LW, Ramesh R. A strain-driven morphotropic phase boundary in BiFeO3. Science 2010; 326:977-80. [PMID: 19965507 DOI: 10.1126/science.1177046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials, which convert mechanical to electrical energy and vice versa, are typically characterized by the intimate coexistence of two phases across a morphotropic phase boundary. Electrically switching one to the other yields large electromechanical coupling coefficients. Driven by global environmental concerns, there is currently a strong push to discover practical lead-free piezoelectrics for device engineering. Using a combination of epitaxial growth techniques in conjunction with theoretical approaches, we show the formation of a morphotropic phase boundary through epitaxial constraint in lead-free piezoelectric bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) films. Electric field-dependent studies show that a tetragonal-like phase can be reversibly converted into a rhombohedral-like phase, accompanied by measurable displacements of the surface, making this new lead-free system of interest for probe-based data storage and actuator applications.
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. |
15 |
325 |
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Ross WN, Salzberg BM, Cohen LB, Grinvald A, Davila HV, Waggoner AS, Wang CH. Changes in absorption, fluorescence, dichroism, and Birefringence in stained giant axons: : optical measurement of membrane potential. J Membr Biol 1977; 33:141-83. [PMID: 864685 DOI: 10.1007/bf01869514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The absorption, fluorescence, dichroism, and birefringence of stained squid axons were measured during action potentials and voltage clamp steps in an effort to find large optical signals that could be used to monitor membrane potential. Changes in all four optical properties were found that were linearly related to membrane potential and, with several new dyes, the signal-to-noise ratios were larger than any obtained previously. The problem of photodynamic damage was greatly diminished; with a merocyaninerhodanine dye, the photodynamic damage associated with intense light and the presence of oxygen was negligible. The absorption change obtained with this dye was relatively large; it could be measured with a signal-to-noise ratio of 100:1 during a single action potential.
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Gavrilov DK, Shi X, Das K, Gilliam TC, Wang CH. Differential SMN2 expression associated with SMA severity. Nat Genet 1998; 20:230-1. [PMID: 9806538 DOI: 10.1038/3030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Letter |
27 |
237 |
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An FP, Bai JZ, Balantekin AB, Band HR, Beavis D, Beriguete W, Bishai M, Blyth S, Boddy K, Brown RL, Cai B, Cao GF, Cao J, Carr R, Chan WT, Chang JF, Chang Y, Chasman C, Chen HS, Chen HY, Chen SJ, Chen SM, Chen XC, Chen XH, Chen XS, Chen Y, Chen YX, Cherwinka JJ, Chu MC, Cummings JP, Deng ZY, Ding YY, Diwan MV, Dong L, Draeger E, Du XF, Dwyer DA, Edwards WR, Ely SR, Fang SD, Fu JY, Fu ZW, Ge LQ, Ghazikhanian V, Gill RL, Goett J, Gonchar M, Gong GH, Gong H, Gornushkin YA, Greenler LS, Gu WQ, Guan MY, Guo XH, Hackenburg RW, Hahn RL, Hans S, He M, He Q, He WS, Heeger KM, Heng YK, Hinrichs P, Ho TH, Hor YK, Hsiung YB, Hu BZ, Hu T, Hu T, Huang HX, Huang HZ, Huang PW, Huang X, Huang XT, Huber P, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, Jetter S, Ji XL, Ji XP, Jiang HJ, Jiang WQ, Jiao JB, Johnson RA, Kang L, Kettell SH, Kramer M, Kwan KK, Kwok MW, Kwok T, Lai CY, Lai WC, Lai WH, Lau K, Lebanowski L, Lee J, Lee MKP, Leitner R, Leung JKC, Leung KY, Lewis CA, Li B, Li F, Li GS, Li J, Li QJ, Li SF, Li WD, Li XB, Li XN, Li XQ, Li Y, Li ZB, Liang H, Liang J, Lin CJ, Lin GL, Lin SK, Lin SX, Lin YC, Ling JJ, Link JM, Littenberg L, Littlejohn BR, Liu BJ, Liu C, Liu DW, Liu H, Liu JC, Liu JL, Liu S, Liu X, Liu YB, Lu C, Lu HQ, Luk A, Luk KB, Luo T, Luo XL, Ma LH, Ma QM, Ma XB, Ma XY, Ma YQ, Mayes B, McDonald KT, McFarlane MC, McKeown RD, Meng Y, Mohapatra D, Morgan JE, Nakajima Y, Napolitano J, Naumov D, Nemchenok I, Newsom C, Ngai HY, Ngai WK, Nie YB, Ning Z, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oh D, Olshevski A, Pagac A, Patton S, Pearson C, Pec V, Peng JC, Piilonen LE, Pinsky L, Pun CSJ, Qi FZ, Qi M, Qian X, Raper N, Rosero R, Roskovec B, Ruan XC, Seilhan B, Shao BB, Shih K, Steiner H, Stoler P, Sun GX, Sun JL, Tam YH, Tanaka HK, Tang X, Themann H, Torun Y, Trentalange S, Tsai O, Tsang KV, Tsang RHM, Tull C, Viren B, Virostek S, Vorobel V, Wang CH, Wang LS, Wang LY, Wang LZ, Wang M, Wang NY, Wang RG, Wang T, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZM, Webber DM, Wei YD, Wen LJ, Wenman DL, Whisnant K, White CG, Whitehead L, Whitten CA, Wilhelmi J, Wise T, Wong HC, Wong HLH, Wong J, Worcester ET, Wu FF, Wu Q, Xia DM, Xiang ST, Xiao Q, Xing ZZ, Xu G, Xu J, Xu J, Xu JL, Xu W, Xu Y, Xue T, Yang CG, Yang L, Ye M, Yeh M, Yeh YS, Yip K, Young BL, Yu ZY, Zhan L, Zhang C, Zhang FH, Zhang JW, Zhang QM, Zhang K, Zhang QX, Zhang SH, Zhang YC, Zhang YH, Zhang YX, Zhang ZJ, Zhang ZP, Zhang ZY, Zhao J, Zhao QW, Zhao YB, Zheng L, Zhong WL, Zhou L, Zhou ZY, Zhuang HL, Zou JH. Observation of electron-antineutrino disappearance at Daya Bay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:171803. [PMID: 22680853 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.171803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment has measured a nonzero value for the neutrino mixing angle θ(13) with a significance of 5.2 standard deviations. Antineutrinos from six 2.9 GWth reactors were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (flux-weighted baseline 470 m and 576 m) and one far (1648 m) underground experimental halls. With a 43,000 ton-GWth-day live-time exposure in 55 days, 10,416 (80,376) electron-antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall (near halls). The ratio of the observed to expected number of antineutrinos at the far hall is R=0.940±0.011(stat.)±0.004(syst.). A rate-only analysis finds sin(2)2θ(13)=0.092±0.016(stat.)±0.005(syst.) in a three-neutrino framework.
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Gupta RK, Salzberg BM, Grinvald A, Cohen LB, Kamino K, Lesher S, Boyle MB, Waggoner AS, Wang CH. Improvements in optical methods for measuring rapid changes in membrane potential. J Membr Biol 1981; 58:123-37. [PMID: 7218335 DOI: 10.1007/bf01870975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to increase the utility of optical methods for measuring membrane potential in excitable cells, an additional 369 dyes were tested on giant axons from the squid. Several promising dyes with relatively large absorption and fluorescence signals are described. In addition, a simple modification of the apparatus led to a sixfold increase in the size of dye-related birefringence signals. In preparations with a suitable geometry, these signals are as large as absorption signals but photodynamic damage and bleaching are eliminated when wavelengths longer than the absorption band are used.
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Sadelain M, Wang CH, Antoniou M, Grosveld F, Mulligan RC. Generation of a high-titer retroviral vector capable of expressing high levels of the human beta-globin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:6728-32. [PMID: 7624311 PMCID: PMC41402 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.15.6728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into hematopoietic cells may provide a means of treating both inherited and acquired diseases involving hematopoietic cells. Implementation of this approach for disorders resulting from mutations affecting the beta-globin gene (e.g., beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia), however, has been hampered by the inability to generate recombinant viruses able to efficiently and faithfully transmit the necessary sequences for appropriate gene expression. We have addressed this problem by carefully examining the interactions between retroviral and beta-globin gene sequences which affect vector transmission, stability, and expression. First, we examined the transmission properties of a large number of different recombinant proviral genomes which vary both in the precise nature of vector, beta-globin structural gene, and locus control region (LCR) core sequences incorporated and in the placement and orientation of those sequences. Through this analysis, we identified one specific vector, termed M beta 6L, which carries both the human beta-globin gene and core elements HS2, HS3, and HS4 from the LCR and faithfully transmits recombinant proviral sequences to cells with titers greater than 10(6) per ml. Populations of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells transduced by this virus expressed levels of human beta-globin transcript which, on a per gene copy basis, were 78% of the levels detected in an MEL-derived cell line, Hu11, which carries human chromosome 11, the site of the beta-globin locus. Analysis of individual transduced MEL cell clones, however, indicated that, while expression was detected in every clone tested (n = 17), the levels of human beta-globin treatment varied between 4% and 146% of the levels in Hu11. This clonal variation in expression levels suggests that small beta-globin LCR sequences may not provide for as strict chromosomal position-independent expression of beta-globin as previously suspected, at least in the context of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer.
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Miles JH, Takahashi TN, Bagby S, Sahota PK, Vaslow DF, Wang CH, Hillman RE, Farmer JE. Essential versus complex autism: Definition of fundamental prognostic subtypes. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 135:171-80. [PMID: 15887228 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity within the autism diagnosis obscures the genetic basis of the disorder and impedes our ability to develop effective treatments. We found that by using two readily available tests, autism can be divided into two subgroups, "essential autism" and "complex autism," with different outcomes and recurrence risks. Complex autism consists of individuals in whom there is evidence of some abnormality of early morphogenesis, manifested by either significant dysmorphology or microcephaly. The remainder have "essential autism." From 1995 to 2001, 260 individuals who met DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder were examined. Five percent (13/260) were microcephalic and 16% (41/260) had significant physical anomalies. Individually, each trait predicted a poorer outcome. Together they define the "complex autism" subgroup, comprising 20% (46/233) of the total autism population. Individuals with complex autism have lower IQs (P=0.006), more seizures (P=0.0008), more abnormal EEGs (46% vs. 30%), more brain abnormalities by MRI (28% vs. 13%). Everyone with an identifiable syndrome was in the complex group. Essential autism defines the more heritable group with higher sib recurrence (4% vs. 0%), more relatives with autism (20% vs. 9%), and higher male to female ratio (6.5:1 vs. 3.2:1). Their outcome was better with higher IQs (P=0.02) and fewer seizures (P=0.0008). They were more apt to develop autism with a regressive onset (43% vs. 23%, P=0.02). Analysis of the features predictive of poor outcome (IQ<55, functionally non-verbal) showed that microcephaly was 100% specific but only 14% sensitive; the presence of physical anomalies was 86% specific and 34% sensitive. The two tests combined yielded 87% specificity, 47% sensitivity, and an odds ratio of 4.8:1 for poor outcome. Separating essential from complex autism should be the first diagnostic step for children with autism spectrum disorders as it allows better prognostication and counseling. Definition of more homogeneous populations should increase power of research analyses.
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Kamalesh S, Tan P, Wang J, Lee T, Kang ET, Wang CH. Biocompatibility of electroactive polymers in tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2000; 52:467-78. [PMID: 11007614 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4636(20001205)52:3<467::aid-jbm4>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc), polyethylene (PE), and polyaniline (PANi) films in the emeraldine (EM), nigraniline (NA) and leucoemeraldine (LM) intrinsic oxidation states were assessed through subcutaneous implantation into male Sprague-Dawley rats beneath the dorsal skin, for a period ranging from 19 to 90 weeks. Histological examination, interstitial pressure measurement, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to determine the biocompatibility of the polymers. The polymers did not provoke inflammatory responses in the subcutaneous tissues over the entire implantation period. Characteristics features associated with tissue-implant incompatibility were not evident near the implantation. Interstitial pressure was measured to evaluate the development of tissue. Low interstitial pressure readings on the region of implantation confirmed the biocompatibility of these polymer types. The surface composition of the electroactive aniline polymers before and after the implantation was characterized by XPS.
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Lee RH, Wang CH, Huang LT, Chen SC. Leaf senescence in rice plants: cloning and characterization of senescence up-regulated genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2001; 52:1117-21. [PMID: 11432928 DOI: 10.1093/jexbot/52.358.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To identify senescence-associated genes (SAGs) in rice leaves, senescence was induced by transferring rice seedlings into darkness. Senescence up-regulated cDNAs were obtained by PCR-based subtractive hybridization. Among 14 SAG clones characterized, 11 were found to be associated with both dark-induced and natural leaf senescence. Three clones were associated only with dark-induced leaf senescence. The possible physiological roles of these SAGs during rice leaf senescence are discussed.
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Tien HF, Tang JH, Tsay W, Liu MC, Lee FY, Wang CH, Chen YC, Shen MC. Methylation of the p15(INK4B) gene in myelodysplastic syndrome: it can be detected early at diagnosis or during disease progression and is highly associated with leukaemic transformation. Br J Haematol 2001; 112:148-54. [PMID: 11167795 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the time sequence of occurrence of p15(INK4B) gene methylation in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and its correlation with leukaemic transformation and survival of patients, the methylation status of the p15(INK4B) promoter region was analysed in 50 patients and was serially studied in 22 of them. Of the 50 patients, 17 (34%) showed p15(INK4B) gene methylation, first demonstrated at diagnosis or during follow-up. When FAB subtypes at the time of study were used in the analysis, the incidence of (p15INK4B) methylation in each risk group of MDS remained stable throughout the course: 0% for low-risk MDS [refractory anaemia (RA) and RA with ring sideroblasts] and from 23% at diagnosis to 30% for high-risk MDS [RA with excess of blasts (RAEB), RAEB in transformation and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia] respectively. The incidence of p15(INK4B) methylation rose to 60% at initial study and, finally, to 75% in cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) evolved from MDS. Most patients (69%) with p15(INK4B) methylation showed disease progression to AML; it could be detected before, at the time or after the diagnosis of leukaemic transformation. p15(INK4B) methylation in MDS patients implicated a shorter survival time in univariate analyses, but its prognostic significance disappeared in multivariate analyses. In conclusion, p15(INK4B) methylation can be detected early at the diagnosis of MDS or acquired during disease progression. It may play an important role in the pathogenesis of some high-risk MDS and is related to leukaemic transformation of MDS.
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Liu CY, Wang CH, Chen TC, Lin HC, Yu CT, Kuo HP. Increased level of exhaled nitric oxide and up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in patients with primary lung cancer. Br J Cancer 1998; 78:534-41. [PMID: 9716040 PMCID: PMC2063078 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-macrophage series have an important role in host surveillance against cancer. The cytotoxic/cytostatic activity of macrophages is, to a great extent, attributed to the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO). Here, in 28 patients with primary lung cancer and 20 control subjects, we measured the concentration of exhaled NO and nitrite in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) using a chemiluminescence NO analyser, and studied NOS expression in alveolar macrophages (AM) and lung tissues by flow cytometry; immunohistochemical analysis was also undertaken. The mean fluorescence intensity (FI) of iNOS expression in AM was significantly increased in patients with lung cancer (tumour side 263.5 +/- 15.2 FI, normal side 232.4 +/- 18.6 FI; n = 28) compared with that in control subjects (27.3 +/- 3.2 FI; n = 20, P< 0.001). The level of exhaled NO from cancer patients (16.9 +/- 0.9 p.p.b.; n = 28) was significantly higher than that in the control group (6.0 +/- 0.5 p.p.b.; n = 20, P < 0.001). The level of nitrite was also significantly higher in ELF from cancer patients (tumour side 271.1 +/- 28.9 nM and normal side 257.4 +/- 19.6 nM vs control subjects 32.9 +/- 4.1 nM; P< 0.001). The intensity of iNOS expression in AM was correlated with the level of exhaled NO (rs = 0.73, n = 76, P< 0.001) and the nitrite released in ELF (rs = 0.56, n = 76, P< 0.001). The nitrite generation of cultured AM from patients with lung cancer was significantly enhanced compared with that of control subjects after culture for 24 h (tumour side 5.75 +/- 0.69 and normal side 5.68 +/- 0.58 microM per 106 cells vs control group 38.3 +/- 3.6 nM per 106 cells; P< 0.001). The distribution of iNOS was identified in AM, tumour-associated macrophages, endothelium, chondrocytes, airway epithelium of both lungs and malignant cells (adenocarcinoma and alveolar cell carcinoma) of cancer patients. cNOS was labelled in alveolar macrophages, endothelial cells and nerve elements from lung tissue. Our results indicate that, in patients with primary lung cancer, the production of NO from alveolar macrophages was increased as a result of the up-regulation of iNOS activity. The increased NO production was not specific to the tumour side and might be attributed to the tumour-associated non-specific immunological and inflammatory processes of the host.
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Choi SK, Olsen SL, Abe K, Abe T, Adachi I, Ahn BS, Aihara H, Akai K, Akatsu M, Akemoto M, Asano Y, Aso T, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Bakich AM, Ban Y, Banerjee S, Bondar A, Bozek A, Bracko M, Brodzicka J, Browder TE, Chang P, Chao Y, Chen KF, Cheon BG, Chistov R, Choi Y, Choi YK, Danilov M, Dong LY, Drutskoy A, Eidelman S, Eiges V, Flanagan J, Fukunaga C, Furukawa K, Gabyshev N, Gershon T, Golob B, Guler H, Guo R, Hagner C, Handa F, Hara T, Hastings NC, Hayashii H, Hazumi M, Hinz L, Hoshi Y, Hou WS, Hsiung YB, Huang HC, Iijima T, Inami K, Ishikawa A, Itoh R, Iwasaki M, Iwasaki Y, Kang JH, Kataoka SU, Katayama N, Kawai H, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kikutani E, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim JH, Kim SK, Kinoshita K, Koiso H, Koppenburg P, Korpar S, Krizan P, Krokovny P, Kumar S, Kuzmin A, Lange JS, Leder G, Lee SH, Lesiak T, Lin SW, Liventsev D, MacNaughton J, Majumder G, Mandl F, Marlow D, Matsumoto T, Michizono S, Mimashi T, Mitaroff W, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Mohapatra D, Moloney GR, Nagamine T, Nagasaka Y, Nakadaira T, Nakamura TT, Nakao M, Natkaniec Z, Nishida S, Nitoh O, Nozaki T, Ogawa S, Ogawa Y, Ohmi K, Ohnishi Y, Ohshima T, Ohuchi N, Oide K, Okabe T, Okuno S, Ostrowicz W, Ozaki H, Palka H, Park H, Parslow N, Piilonen LE, Sagawa H, Saitoh S, Sakai Y, Sarangi TR, Satapathy M, Satpathy A, Schneider O, Schwartz AJ, Semenov S, Senyo K, Seuster R, Sevior ME, Shibuya H, Shidara T, Shwartz B, Sidorov V, Soni N, Stanic S, Staric M, Sugiyama A, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki S, Takasaki F, Tamai K, Tamura N, Tanaka M, Tawada M, Taylor GN, Teramoto Y, Tomura T, Trabelsi K, Tsukamoto T, Uehara S, Ueno K, Unno Y, Uno S, Varner G, Varvell KE, Wang CC, Wang CH, Wang JG, Watanabe Y, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yamada Y, Yamaguchi A, Yamashita Y, Yanai H, Yang H, Ying J, Yoshida M, Zhang CC, Zhang ZP, Zontar D. Observation of a narrow charmoniumlike state in exclusive B+/--->K+/-pi+pi-J/psi decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:262001. [PMID: 14754041 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.262001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a narrow charmoniumlike state produced in the exclusive decay process B+/--->K+/-pi(+)pi(-)J/psi. This state, which decays into pi(+)pi(-)J/psi, has a mass of 3872.0+/-0.6(stat)+/-0.5(syst) MeV, a value that is very near the M(D0)+M(D(*0)) mass threshold. The results are based on an analysis of 152M B-Bmacr; events collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance in the Belle detector at the KEKB collider. The signal has a statistical significance that is in excess of 10sigma.
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Galanis E, Buckner JC, Dinapoli RP, Scheithauer BW, Jenkins RB, Wang CH, O'Fallon JR, Farr G. Clinical outcome of gliosarcoma compared with glioblastoma multiforme: North Central Cancer Treatment Group results. J Neurosurg 1998; 89:425-30. [PMID: 9724117 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1998.89.3.0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Gliosarcoma, a rare malignancy of the central nervous system, consists of gliomatous and sarcomatous elements. There are conflicting reports regarding its aggressiveness and cell line of origin compared with those of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The goal of this study was to compare clinicopathological features such as disease-free survival time and actual survival time in patients with gliosarcoma with a matched group of patients with GBM as well as with the entire group of patients with GBM. METHODS The authors report on 18 cases of gliosarcoma derived from a series of 748 Grade 4 astrocytoma cases that were part of four consecutive randomized Phase III trials conducted between 1979 and 1996. In this series the gliosarcoma group represented only 2.4% of all GBMs and included 11 men and seven women with a median age of 61.5 years (range 31-81 years). The median tumor size was 5 cm (range 2-8 cm). The locations, all supratentorial, included temporal in 44%, parietal in 28%, frontal in 17%, and occipital in 11%. The 18 patients with gliosarcomas, all Grade 4 (World Health Organization classification), were compared with the entire group of 730 patients with GBM and a control group of 18 patients with GBM matched for known prognostic factors including patient age, randomization date, performance status, extent of resection, and protocol number. Patients in all treatment groups received radiation and nitrosourea-based chemotherapy. The median time to progression and the median survival times for the patients with gliosarcoma were 28.0 and 35.1 weeks as compared with 24.7 and 41.6 weeks for the entire group of patients with GBM (log rank test, p = 0.94 and 0.27, respectively) and 16.7 and 34.4 weeks in the control group (p = 0.20 and 0.84, respectively). In previous molecular cytogenetic analyses of gliosarcoma these authors have shown similar genetic changes in the gliomatous and sarcomatous components. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained in this study support the conclusion that gliosarcoma shares significant clinical and genetic similarities with GBM and that the same principles should be applied for patient enrollment in research protocols and treatment for these two kinds of tumor.
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Chang JT, See LC, Liao CT, Ng SH, Wang CH, Chen IH, Tsang NM, Tseng CK, Tang SG, Hong JH. Locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2000; 54:135-42. [PMID: 10699476 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(99)00177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the outcome of and determine prognostic factors for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in patients treated with a second course of radiotherapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS From 1982 to 1995, 186 NPC patients, who had initially been treated in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, developed local recurrence in the nasopharynx and were re-treated with RT (>/=20 Gy). The time from the initial RT to re-treatment ranged from 8 to 136 months (median: 23 months). All patients were treated with external RT and conformal radiotherapy was used in 35 patients after 1993. Fifteen received radiosurgery as a boost treatment. The RT dose at the nasopharyngeal tumor area ranged from 20 to 67.2 Gy (median 50 Gy). Eighty-two patients received one to eight courses of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in addition to RT. RESULTS The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival was 54.9, 22. 1 and 12.4%, respectively. Patients whose tumor relapsed later than 2 years after the first treatment had a better survival than those with earlier relapse (3-year survival: 30.1 vs. 10.8%; P=0.015), but the difference became insignificant in patients who received >/=50 Gy. Patients without evidence of intracranial invasion or cranial nerve palsy had better survival than those with such lesions (3-year survival: 30.9 vs. 3.7%; P=0.006). A re-treatment dose >/=50 Gy yielded better survival (3-year survival: 22.8 vs. 18.5%; P=0.003). Addition use of radiosurgery may improve survival. The use of chemotherapy did not improve survival. Conformal radiotherapy resulted in significantly fewer severe complications than conventional RT. CONCLUSIONS A repeat course of RT for locally recurrent NPC successfully prolongs survival in a significant number of patients. Intracranial invasion and/or cranial nerve palsy and re-treatment dose affect the prognosis, with a dose of >/=50 Gy significantly improving survival. Radiosurgery boost may also improve survival. Our preliminary data indicates that conformal radiotherapy may decrease the severity of radiation-induced complications. However; longer follow-up and larger sample size is necessary to document the findings.
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Wang CH, Liu CY, Lin HC, Yu CT, Chung KF, Kuo HP. Increased exhaled nitric oxide in active pulmonary tuberculosis due to inducible NO synthase upregulation in alveolar macrophages. Eur Respir J 1998; 11:809-15. [PMID: 9623681 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.98.11040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Our aim was to determine whether inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression and generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) by alveolar macrophages (AM) are increased in patients infected with M. tuberculosis. NO levels in the exhaled air of 19 active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and 14 control subjects were measured using a chemiluminescence NO analyser. The expression of iNOS on AM was studied by labelling AM with anti-mac iNOS polyclonal antibody analysed with a flow cytometer. The spontaneous generation of RNI by cultured AM was also measured. Data are presented as mean+/-SEM. The level of NO in exhaled air was higher in patients with active TB (16.2+/-1.2 parts per billion (ppb)) compared to control subjects (6.5+/-0.9 ppb), p<0.0001. Exhaled NO decreased with anti-TB treatment. Compared to control subjects (29.0+/-4.5 fluorescence intensity (FI)), iNOS expression on AM was upregulated in TB patients (86.3+/-12.5 FI) p<0.001 and the capacity for spontaneous generation of nitrite was enhanced. Nitrite production was inhibited by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a competitive inhibitor of iNOS. The expression of iNOS on AM was related to the concentration of exhaled NO (r=0.66, p<0.001) and the nitrite generation capacity of AM (r(s)=0.77, p<0.001). We conclude that the increase in exhaled nitric oxide observed in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis is due to an upregulation of inhaled NO synthase expression in alveolar macrophages which have an enhanced capacity for nitric oxide production.
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Jolley ME, Stroupe SD, Wang CH, Panas HN, Keegan CL, Schmidt RL, Schwenzer KS. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay. I. Monitoring aminoglycoside antibiotics in serum and plasma. Clin Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/27.7.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization immunoassays of the aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin in plasma and serum are described and shown to be clinically useful. The aminoglycoside tracers were prepared by reacting the parent compounds with 5-[(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl)-amino] fluorescein. Antisera specific for the compounds were raised in rabbits by conventional procedures. Tracer, sample, and diluted antiserum are combined and, after a 15-min incubation at ambient temperature, the polarization of the fluorescence of the tracer is determined in a specially designed fluorometer. The assays are designed to give accurate trough (i.e., minimum during therapy) values and to be free of matrix effects. Severely icteric samples may interfere, but this can be overcome by blank subtraction. The performance of the assays with clinical specimens compared favorably with that of some commercially available assays.
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Wang CH, McClure P, Pratt NE, Nobilini R. Stretching and strengthening exercises: their effect on three-dimensional scapular kinematics. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80:923-9. [PMID: 10453769 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively evaluate the effects of commonly used shoulder exercises on shoulder kinematics and resting posture. STUDY DESIGN A repeated-measures design was used with measurements performed before and after a 6-week exercise program. METHOD Twenty asymptomatic subjects with forward shoulder posture were recruited. Stretching exercises for the pectoral muscles and resisted strengthening exercises for the scapular retractors and elevators and the glenohumeral abductors and external rotators were performed three times per week for 6 weeks. A three-dimensional electromechanical digitizer was used to measure thoracic inclination and scapular orientation and position. These measurements were taken with the arm (1) at the side, (2) abducted to 90 degrees, and (3) at maximal abduction. The isometric force of glenohumeral external and internal rotation and horizontal abduction and adduction were measured with a hand-held dynamometer. All subjects were tested before and after the 6-week exercise program. Hotelling's T2 and paired t tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS The strength of horizontal abduction and internal and external rotation increased after exercise (p < .01). The anterior inclination of the thoracic spine decreased, and the glenohumeral contribution to arm elevation increased (p < .01). Resting scapular posture did not change. As the arm was abducted to 90 degrees, the scapula showed less upward rotation and less superior translation after the exercise program (p < .01). CONCLUSION The exercise program improved muscle strength, produced a more erect upper trunk posture, increased scapular stability, and altered scapulohumeral rhythm.
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Jolley ME, Wang CH, Ekenberg SJ, Zuelke MS, Kelso DM. Particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA): a new, rapid immunoassay technique with high sensitivity. J Immunol Methods 1984; 67:21-35. [PMID: 6366066 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay technique is described and is exemplified by the detection of murine monoclonal antibodies to human IgG in hybridoma culture supernatants and the detection of murine IgG. The assay is performed in a specially designed 96-well plate. For antibody detection, antigen bound to submicron polystyrene particles is bound to its specific antibody, which is in turn reacted with fluorescein-labeled affinity-purified goat anti-mouse IgG. The reaction is complete in 10 min at ambient temperature. The solid phase is separated from the reaction mixture by filtration, washed and the total particle-bound fluorescence is determined by front-surface fluorimetry. The sensitivity of the technique for antibody detection is equivalent to enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay and 2-4 ng/ml for murine IgG detection. It is readily amenable to automation.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine in patients with chemotherapy-naïve, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Twenty-eight patients with unresectable and nonembolizable HCC who had received no prior systemic chemotherapy and with objectively measurable tumors, adequate liver and renal function, and adequate bone marrow reserve were enrolled on this study. The therapy consisted of gemcitabine 1250 mg/m(2) intravenously over 30 minutes weekly in an outpatient clinic. One course of treatment included three consecutive weekly infusions of gemcitabine and a 1-week rest. Treatment courses were repeated every 4 weeks for a total of six courses unless there was prior evidence of progressive disease. RESULTS All 28 patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. A partial response (PR) was achieved in 5 patients, for an overall response rate of 17.8% (95% confidence interval, 2.7-32.9%). Seven patients had stable disease (25%), and 16 patients had disease progression (57.2%). The median survival for all 28 patients was 18. 7 weeks, and, for those patients who achieved a PR, it was 34.7 weeks. The median time to progression was 12 weeks. National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria Grade 3-4 toxicity consisted primarily of leucopenia (10.7%), anemia (14.3%), thrombocytopenia (10.7%), and hepatotoxicity (14.3%). The spectrum of both hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity was mild, with thrombocytopenia constituting the dose-limiting side effect. CONCLUSIONS Gemcitabine shows marginal antitumor activity in patients with advanced HCC, although the response duration is short-lived. Gemcitabine seems to be particularly promising because of its low toxicity profile. Further studies in combination with other active agents are warranted.
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Abstract
Dust concentrations in ice of the last glacial maximum (LGM) are high in ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica. The magnitude of the enhancements can be explained if the strength of the hydrologic cycle during the LGM was about half of that at present. This notion is consistent with a large decrease (5 degrees Celsius) in ocean temperature during the LGM, as recently deduced from measurements of strontium and calcium in corals.
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