Open Access
Food Science and Technology
Publicação de: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
Área:
Ciências Agrárias
Versão impressa ISSN:
0101-2061
Versão on-line ISSN: 1678-457X
Ordenar publicações por
Food Science and Technology, Volume: 42, Publicado: 2022
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MicroR-146 protects against rat ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting NF-κB-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway Original Article
WANG, Leyuan; LIU, Guofang; SHAO, Zetao; ZHANG, Qianqian; YIN, Lili; XU, Enbo; LI, Biao; CUI, Xiangxing; TENG, HongtaoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract MicroR-146 (miR-146) plays crucial roles in attenuating nerve injury during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of miR-146 against cerebral I/R injury. Rat model of cerebral I/R injury was established using 4-vessel occlusion and reperfusion. In this study, miR-146 expression was significantly decreased in neurons in cerebral I/R injury rat compared to sham group. In addition, miR-146+/+ significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, neuron cell apoptosis and the infarct size in cerebral I/R injury rats (p<0.05). Transfection of miR-146 reduced apoptosis, autophagy and autophagy-related proteins LC-3, Beclin-1 and increased p62 in the neuron cells compared to control group. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-146 was indicated to directly targeting NF-κB and activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR expression in neuron cells. In conclusion, these findings suggested that miR-146 could protect against rat ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting NF-κB-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which offered a potential molecular for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury. -
Use of scanning electron microscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography to assess the ability of microorganisms to bind aflatoxin M1 in Minas Frescal cheese Original Article
GONÇALVES, Bruna Leonel; ULIANA, Romulo Dutra; LEE, Sarah Hwa; COPPA, Carolina Fernanda; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de; KAMIMURA, Eliana Setsuko; CORASSIN, Carlos HumbertoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of two strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactococcus lactis, and a yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, inactivated by heat (121 °C, 10 min), from binding to aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), as well as the interaction between these microorganisms, aflatoxin M1 and the Minas Frescal cheese matrix after 2 and 30 days of storage. The ability of LABs and S. cerevisiae to bind AFM1 to Minas Frescal cheese was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) composed of a fluorescence detector. The interaction between these microorganisms and AFM1 was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope composed of a backscattered electron detector with a voltage of 15 kV and magnifications of 1000 ×, 5000 × and 8000 ×. The use of microorganisms as a biological method is efficient in reducing AFM1 in Minas Frescal cheese and does not affect the microbiological parameters. AFM1 reduction varied according to the microorganism used in the treatments. S cerevisiae showed greater capacity to bind AFM1 over time, compared to LABs. Scanning electron microscopy was especially useful, confirming that lactic acid bacteria and S. cerevisae were able to bind AFM1 particles in Minas Frescal cheese. -
Preparation of weaning foods by replacing plant proteins with egg protein Original Article
NAEEM, Muhammad; UN-NISA, MAHR; AHMAD, Nazir; IMRAN, Muhammad; ANWAR, Haseeb; MANZOOR, Muhammad FaisalResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The present study was designed to prepare to wean food by replacing plant proteins with egg proteins. The weaning foods containing 14, 16 and 18% extruded soy proteins were replaced with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% egg proteins using whole egg powder. Physicochemical analysis of raw material and weaned products, water activity, bulk density, in vitro study for protein digestibility, color analysis, microbiological analysis, and sensorial evaluation. Protein content significantly (p < 0.05) varied from 13.76% to 19.89% for formulated weaning foods with the highest value in T12. Treatment T5 and T11 exhibited minimum water absorption capacity (1.86 mL/g) and maximum (2.63 mL/g), respectively. Treatment T1 exhibited the highest (0.76 mL/g) values of bulk density, while the treatment T7 and T12 had the lowest values (0.69 mL/g). The maximum in vitro digestibility was observed in treatment T15 (83.8%) while the minimum (65.4%) was observed in treatment T1. The sensorial evaluation results for all the treatments are significantly (p < 0.05) varies with an overall acceptable score. Results indicate that the microbial loads also within acceptable limits. The weaning foods composite animal proteins can be a cost-effective and possible tool to overcome malnutrition among children in developing countries. -
Agave juice improves survival and proteolytic activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during ripening of semi-ripened mexican cheese Original Article
RAMÍREZ-GODÍNEZ, Juan; GUTIÉRREZ-RODRÍGUEZ, Juan Francisco; CONTRERAS-LÓPEZ, Elizabeth; RODRÍGUEZ-SERRANO, Gabriela Mariana; CASTAÑEDA-OVANDO, Araceli; JAIMEZ-ORDAZ, Judith; GONZÁLEZ-OLIVARES, Luis GuillermoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The importance of functional foods added with probiotics and prebiotics is directly related with the promotion of the health benefits of human. In this study the survival of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in a semi-ripened cheese added with agave juice, was determined. Cheese ripening was carried out at 14 °C for 35 days. The pH changes were measured and the hydrolysis of the protein was evaluated through the analysis of free amino groups by the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) method and SDS-PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At the end of the study, in the symbiotic cheese, the viability of the probotic was increased in two logarithmic cycles (from 6.73 to 8.72 log CFU). A more active proteolytic process was observed with the addition of agave juice, due to the high production of low molecular weight peptides and the concentration of free amino groups (8.63 mg/L). The pH did not have a significant difference between the control and the cheese studied. With the obtained results, it is seen that agave juice is an ingredient that can be added to semi ripening cheeses with the objective of improving the survival capacity of probiotic microorganisms, which are used as starters. -
Extration, identification and stability ananlysis of anthocyanins from organic Guizhou blueberries in China Original Article
YIN, Mingyue; XIE, Jiao; XIE, Chun; LUO, Mao; YANG, XinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Guizhou Majiang organic blueberries from China are a prevalent fruit in the health industry and have high anthocyanin contents. This study used the ethanol extraction method, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, AB 8 macroporous resin adsorption purification, and the addition of 3% citric acid to extract anthocyanins, and through single-factor tests and orthogonal tests, the optimum extraction conditions of anthocyanins from blueberries was determined. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: the extraction temperature was 40 °C, the ethanol volume fraction was 80%, the solid-liquid ratio was 1:10, the ultrasonic extraction time was 60 min, and the extraction amount was 2.56 mg/g. Anthocyanins were identified by HPLC, and the effects of storage conditions on their contents were investigated. K+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ had little influence on anthocyanin contents, while hydrogen peroxide had a highly destructive effect. With increasing illumination time, the retention rate of anthocyanins decreased gradually; the higher the temperature was, the stronger the damaging effect on anthocyanin contents, and the appropriate storage temperature was determined to be -4 °C or below. The absorbance was the highest when pH =2. Taken together, the results of our study revealed the optimal extraction process and appropriate preservation conditions of anthocyanins from organic Guizhou blueberries. -
Phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant activity of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sprouts Original Article
Borges-Martínez, Eduardo; Gallardo-Velázquez, Tzayhri; Cardador-Martínez, Anaberta; Moguel-Concha, Deyanira; Osorio-Revilla, Guillermo; Ruiz-Ruiz, Jorge Carlos; Martínez, Cristian JiménezResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Germination increases total phenolic compounds (TF) concentration and antioxidant activity (AOx). The characterization and quantification of TPC, total flavonoids content (TPC), and AOx of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and peas (Pisum sativum) sprouts, germinated for ten days was performed. Results showed that the highest concentration of TPC for both sprouts was in days 6 and 7 (685.21 and 910.69 mg GAE/100 g dry matter) and TF varied only for beans. AOx of the pea sprouts was 512.64 and 6083.55 mg ET/100 g dry matter to DPPH and ORAC method, respectively, is higher than for bean. Regarding FRAP, bean sprouts showed better values (421.07 mg ET/100 g dry matter) compared to pea; in the CUPRAC analysis, sprouted bean showed better activity than a pea (85.76 and 44.05% inhibition). Germination induced variations in gallic and syringic acids in pea sprouts and of catechin and quercetin in the bean. Germination time and legume type are important factors the biological activity of sprouts. -
A complement to the theory of biological evolution: individual evolution and genetic mechanism hypothesis Original Article
YUAN, Huichun; XU, Lixin; WANG, NianhuaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this article, by studying some clinical cases of myopia patients and performing the related analyses, we proposed a conjecture for the causes of myopia and its underlying genetic pathway. Based on that, we designed an experiment to prove the hypothesis of individual evolution. Individual evolution refers to the process of individual trait changes caused by certain external environmental factors, which can be inherited to the next generation. The generation (n) of cloned mice will be classified into X (n1, n1…nx) groups, and the daily exercise amount of each group will be defined as Tx (exercise time). Firstly, we will compare the changes in weight and muscle volume among all groups. Subsequently, the first generation of cloned mice will be used to obtain the second generation of cloned mice, and then grouped in the same way. Then, we will evaluate the effects of exercise on gene expression. For the nth generation, the expression levels of individual genes will be determined, and the individual evolution related indexes will be measured. Environmental factors can affect the changes in an individual state, and such alteration can be fed back to the genetic pathways and passed from one generation to the next. -
Symbiotic microencapsulation to enhance Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus paracasei survival in goat cheese Original Article
KAVAS, Nazan; KAVAS, Gökhan; KINIK, Özer; ATEŞ, Mustafa; KAPLAN, Muammer; ŞATIR, GülçinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In the study, the microencapsulation method was applied in the production of white cheese from goat milk to prevent the loss of viability of Lactobacillus paracasei and Bifidobacterium longum due to environmental factors during their storage period. For this purpose, the cheese was obtained using three types of microcapsules - symbiotic microcapsules containing probiotic bacteria and probiotic + fructooligosaccharide, probiotic + inulin. In addition, probiotics, fructooligosaccharide and inulin have been added to cheese in free form, and a total of 7 different cheeses have been produced with the control sample. In the microencapsulation, 1% sodium alginate was used as coating material and the extrusion method was applied. The cheese samples have been stored at +4 0C for 180 days. It has been determined that the viability of L. paracasei and B.longum has been preserved with the microencapsulation technique, while the viability of probiotic bacteria is preserved at a higher level in cheese samples obtained with the addition of prebiotics to microencapsules. It has been concluded that probiotic microorganisms are available above the minimum therapeutic effect value in grams of cheese samples containing microcapsules and these cheese could be considered as probiotic. -
Nutritional, chemical and cooking properties of noodles enriched with terebinth (Pistacia Terebinthus) fruits roasted at different temperatures Original Article
KÖTEN, Mehmet; ÜNSAL, Ahmet SabriResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aims to investigate the possible usages of terebinth as a functional additive in noodle formulation. For this purpose, raw terebinth and roasted terebinth in different temperatures (100 °C, 125 °C, 150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) were added to the formulation at rates of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% to produce noodles. According to the results of this study, the use of terebinth in the noodle formulation decreased the amount of phytic acid in the noodles while it significantly increased the amount of ash, protein, fat, total dietary fiber, total phenolic content and antioxidant (p < 0.05). In the sensory analysis, the highest score in the context of general acceptances was obtained from the sample B1 which 10% terebinth roasted at 100 °C while the lowest score belonged to the sample F3 which 30% terebinth roasted at 200 °C was added. -
Comparative effect of Fenugreek and Cinnamon on management of newly diagnosed cases of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Original Article
AHMAD, Hajra; KASHIF, Seemin; AFREEN, Asma; SAFDAR, Mahpara; AHMED, ZaheerResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Clinical evidence suggests that T2DM and its complications can be prevented through regular intake of functional foods. This cost-effective way of managing T2DM in developing world might prove very beneficial. A randomized controlled trial was done to compare effects of Fenugreek and Cinnamon on treatment of newly diagnosed cases of T2 DM. Subjects were selected from Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Islamabad. Study was carried out in three phases: Phase I, baseline; Phase II, after 90 days and Pahse III at end of washout period. Subjects, from both genders, were within the age range of 40-65 years. There were 26 subjects in each group. Serum levels of FPG, HbA1c, fasting insulin levels, lipid profile were measured at baseline and at the end of 2nd and 3rd phases. BMI, WC and WHR were also studied in all phases of the study. SPSS (version 22) was used for analysis. Cinnamon seemed to have more effect on both anthropometric (BMI & WC) and biochemical (FPG, HbA1c, serum Insulin, serum cholesterol, HDL & LDL) parameters, as compared to Fenugreek, which had effect on WC, FPG, HbA1c, serum cholesterol and TG only. Although, the magnitude of these effects was similar in both groups. -
Progranulin (PGRN) is serves as an inflammation-response biomarker and promotes lung damage in burn-induced Sepsis via the SIRT1 Pathways by ROS Original Article
DING, Hui; SHI, Zhaoling; ZHANG, Lu; GAO, Nairong; CHENG, Xiaoning; LIN, Haibo; ZHANG, Zhihong; ZHANG, GuochengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Sepsis has become the focus of research in the field of intensive care medicine due to its high mortality and complicated pathogenesis. To evaluate the effects and mechanism of Progranulin (PGRN) affects inflammation in lung damage of burn-induced Sepsis. In mice of burn-induced Sepsis, PGRN gene expression was increased in lung tissue. So, PGRN promoted inflammation in vitro model through SIRT1/ROS/NLRP3 pathways. Down-regulation of PGRN reduced inflammation via SIRT1/ROS/NLRP3 Pathways. The activation of SIRT1 reduced the effects of PGRN on inflammation in lung cell by LPS via SIRT1/ROS/NLRP3 pathways. The inactivation of NLRP3 decreased the effects of PGRN on inflammation in vitro model. Our data suggest that PGRN is serves as inflammation-response biomarker and promoted lung damage in burn-induced Sepsis via the SIRT1 Pathways by ROS/NLRP3 pathways. -
A promising natural purple batter system with antioxidant activity for vacuum fried breaded shrimp Original Article
XU, Jiayin; JI, Hongwu; DONG, Hang; DUAN, Shaoqi; CHEN, Hao; ZHANG, Di; LIU, Shucheng; MAO, WeijieResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aims to develop a batter system with natural purple and functional quality for vacuum fried breaded shrimp. Purple sweet potato flour (PSPF), soy protein isolate (SPI), and xanthan gum were used as coating materials. The effect of the ratio of SPI and xanthan gum on the rheological properties, coating pick-up, color, moisture content, oil content, texture, anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were investigated. Compared with the control group, it was observed that the batter system with PSPF, SPI and xanthan gum had better rheological properties. The result showed that a ratio of 2:1 for SPI to xanthan gum had the highest coating pick-up value (49.83%), the more attractive purple (a* = 3.07), less oil content (20.55%) and retained higher anthocyanin content (51.71 mg/100 g). Based on the results of anthocyanin content, vacuum fried shrimps were analyzed for antioxidant activity. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (•DPPH), hydroxyl (•OH) radical-scavenging assay test, PSPF vacuum fried shrimps showed high free-radical scavenging activity (60.19% for •DPPH and 35.97% for •OH). Therefore, the batter system with PSPF, SPI and xanthan gum is a promising coating material, which is widely used for vacuum fried breaded products, such as pork chop, steak, chicken nuggets and fish fingers. -
Circ 0006282/miR-155 reduced inflammation in diabetic nephropathy via expression of SIRT1/NLRP3 signaling pathway Original Article
WANG, Dan; ZHANG, Zikun; SI, Zekun; WANG, LingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanism of circ 0006282 in Diabetic nephropathy (DN) in vitro and in vivo. 6-week-old male db/db mice were induced by intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of STZ (50 mg/kg, S0130, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) for five consecutive days. HK-2 cells was incubated with high glucose for vitro model. Western blotting, immunostaining, and biochemical assays were used to obtain that inflammatory factor and protein expressions. The current study demonstrated that the serum circ 0006282 expression were reduced, and serum miR-155 expression in patients with DN were increased. Circ 0006282 reduced inflammation in kidney cell by high glucose. MiR-155 promoted inflammation in kidney cell by high glucose. Circ 0006282 reduced inflammation via activation of SIRT1/NLRP3 signaling pathway by suppression of miR-155 expression. MiR-155 regulated the anti-inflammation effects of circ 0006282 on inflammation in kidney cell by high glucose by SIRT1/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that circ 0006282 may represent promising strategy for the therapy of DN. -
The inhibitory effect of α-methyl-5-HT on ATP-activated currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons Original Article
YANG, Huimin; LI, ZhiwangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the inhibitory effect of α-methyl-5- hydroxytryptamine (α-methyl-5-HT) on ATP-activated current (IATP) in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Whole-cell patch clamp experiment was performed on cultured rat DRG neurons. One minute after treatment with α-methyl-5-HT, ATP (10-4 mol/L) activation current in rat DRG neurons was inhibited. However, this inhibitory effect was independent of the current caused by α-methyl-5-HT. The dose-response curve for IATP showed that α-methyl-5-HT significantly shifted it. The Kd values of ATP-activated currents before and after the pre-addition of α-methyl-5-HT were similar (4.23×10-5 mol/L vs. 6.81×10-5 mol/L). Furthermore, cyproheptadine (10-6 mol/L), an antagonist of 5-HT2 receptor, can reverse the inhibition of α-methyl-5-HT. After intracellular dialysis of KN93 (CaMKII inhibitor) and H7 (PKC inhibitor), this inhibition was also completely eliminated. In conclusion, our results showed that α-methyl-5-HT inhibited ATP-activated current through activating the 5-HT2 receptor and resulting in phosphorylation of the ATP receptor. It was caused by the activation of G protein coupled receptor and corresponding intracellular signaling transduction cascade. -
Impact of ultrasound treatment on viability of Staphylococcus aureus and the human milk antioxidant activity Original Article
GOMES, Nayara Resende; PARREIRAS, Paola Machado; MENEZES, Camila Carvalho; FALCO, Thaís Silva; VIEIRA, Michele Cristina; PASSOS, Maria Cristina; CUNHA, Luciana RodriguesResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the application of thermosonication for the viability of Staphylococcus aureus and the antioxidant activity of HM. The US effect on the S. aureus was measured by counting viable cells in discarded HM immediately before and after different treatments varying time (1, 5 and 10 minutes) and temperature (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C) through surface plating on standard agar. The antioxidant activity evaluation was carried out by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. With Regarding microbiological quality, it can be concluded that treatment with US at 60 °C for 10 minutes was the most effective in terms of reducing the viability of S. aureus, in addition to presenting a significant increase in the content of antioxidants when compared to raw and pasteurized milk samples. -
Kinetics of the thermal degradation of phenolic compounds from achiote leaves (Bixa orellana L.) and its effect on the antioxidant activity Original Article
ZAPATA, José Edgar; SEPÚLVEDA, Cindy Tatiana; ÁLVAREZ, Andrés CamiloResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This work evaluates the effect of temperature and soluble solids on the degradation rate of phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of extracts from Bixa orellana L. leaves. The temperatures were studied in the range of typical food processes (70-90 °C) and food storage (−20-37 °C). The results showed that the thermal degradation of the phenolic compounds follows first-order kinetics, in which the degradation rate depends on the temperature, the amount of soluble solids, and the pH. The loss of antioxidant activity also follows first-order kinetics. Under different storage conditions, the half-life times of the total phenols were in the range 40.72-202.47 days, while for the antioxidant activity, the half-times were from 55.87-68.83 days for the ABTS and from 57.85-107.03 days for the FRAP method. The antioxidant activity of the extracts follows the same pattern of thermal degradation as the phenolic compounds. Therefore, we conclude that antioxidant activity is due to its phenolic compounds. -
Correlation between the characteristics of ultrasonic contrast and the regional distribution of tumor vascular heterogeneity in breast cancer Original Article
LENG, Xiaoling; HUANG, Guofu; MA, Fucheng; DING, JianbingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To clarify the correlation between qualitative and quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and regional distribution differences of microvessel density (MVD) and vasculogenic mimic (VM) in breast cancer. 119 female patients with suspected breast cancer were involved. The clinicopathological parameters of patients were collected. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed on patients. After the operation, according to the unified standard, the marginal zone, the central region and the paracancerous area of the breast cancer were sampled respectively. The MVD were labeled by immunohistochemistry with CD34, and tumor VM was labeled by CD34/PAS double staining. The distributions of MVD and VM in the marginal zone, the central area and the paracancerous area were decreased (P < 0.05, respectively), but the correlations between MVD, VM and contrast-enhanced ultrasound were not consistent. The quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in marginal zone and central area were correlated with MVD. The positive rate of VM in marginal zone was also higher when breast cancer mass was larger and clinical stage was higher. When histological grade of breast cancer was high, the positive rates of VM in three regions were also high. The correlation between contrast-enhanced ultrasound and MVD was better than that of VM, but VM was associated with more prognostic factors than MVD. -
In-vivo study of synthetic and natural food colors effect on biochemical and immunity parameters Original Article
SHAKOOR, Sadaf; ISMAIL, Amin; SABRAN, Mohd Redzwan; MOHTARRUDIN, Norhafizah; KAKA, Ubedullah; NADEEM, MuhammadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Incorporation of the coloring agent, tartrazine and curcumin affects healthy physiological system leading to changes in hematology, biochemistry and enzymatic activity. Consequences of oral administration of tartrazine and curcumin were explored for 15, 30 and 45 days in female adult rat. Two doses were based on the admissible daily intake (ADI) of 9.6 and 96 (high) mg/kg/body weight for tartrazine, 3.85 and 38.5 mg/kg/body weight for curcumin. Phytochemicals such as saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin, carbohydrates and phenolics were present in coloring agents. The renal function tests and lipid profile showed alterations in the values of uric acid, urea, total protein, albumin and cholesterol in all treatment groups. Additionally, the levels of liver enzymes fluctuated after 45 days of treatment with curcumin and tartrazine. Histopathological changes were also recorded in liver and kidney. In contrast, blood biochemistry depicted the significant reduction of RBCs, Hb, MCH, glucose, WBCs, MCHC and LDH at 15, 30 and 45 days. Besides, IgG, IgM and overall antibody GMT at 45 days were significantly increased. Study indicated that ADI and doses up to 10 times of the ADI of food colors intake exerted adverse effects on immune response and altered the biochemical parameters. -
Effect of rhizosphere inoculation with Bacillus strains and phytopathogens on the contents of volatiles and human health-related compounds in tomato fruits Original Article
RUIZ-CISNEROS, María Fernanda; ORNELAS-PAZ, José de Jesús; OLIVAS-OROZCO, Guadalupe Isela; ACOSTA-MUÑIZ, Carlos Horacio; SALAS-MARINA, Miguel Ángel; MOLINA-CORRAL, Francisco Javier; BERLANGA-REYES, David Ignacio; Fernández-PAVÍA, Sylvia Patricia; CAMBERO-CAMPOS, Octavio Jhonathan; RIOS-VELASCO, ClaudioResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study consisted of determining the effect of Bacillus strains inoculated alone or in combination with phytopathogenic fungi on the production of human health-related compounds and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in tomato fruits. Seedlings were cultivated under greenhouse conditions and inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens, B. methylotrophicus and B. subtilis alone or in combination with Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora infestans. Fully ripe fruits were harvested and evaluated for carotenoid, phenol and VOCs contents. Lycopene was the most abundant carotenoid (46.4-167.62 µg/g), followed by β-carotene and lutein. Fruits from plants inoculated with Bacillus had the highest carotenoid content. In contrast, phytopathogens decreased the carotenoid contents, especially the lycopene content. The content of total phenols ranged from 0.42 to 0.90 mg GAE/g. The content of these compounds increased 1.5-fold in fruits from plants inoculated with Bacillus strains, especially those treated with B. methylotrophicus, but the greatest increase (1.9-fold) was observed in plants inoculated with phytopathogens. Both Bacillus strains and pathogens increased the antioxidant capacity, with a 2.8-fold increase compared to the control. Thirty-two VOCs were identified in the tested tomatoes. The Bacillus strains caused an increase in the concentration of VOCs, which could be associated with an increase in fruit quality. -
Preparation of protein powder from the liver of Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores): a comparison of acid- and alkali-aided pH-shifting Original Article
SHEN, Kejing; MU, Wenting; XIA, Shuqian; CHEN, Yuting; REN, Huilin; XIE, Xiangyun; FANG, Yizhou; HUANG, GuangrongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract For the high-value utilization of tuna liver, the effects of acid-aided (Acid-pH) and alkali-aided pH-shifting (Alkali-pH) on the physicochemical and functional properties of the protein powder prepared by pH-shifting and freeze-drying were studied. As expected, the protein powder with high purity could be obtained through Acid-pH or Alkali-pH followed by freeze drying, while the Alkali-pH led to a higher protein yield, higher protein ratio, lower lipid ratio and lower heavy metal content than Acid-pH. The amino acid profile of the protein powder prepared by Alkali-pH (Alkali-PP) was similar with that prepared by Acid-pH (Acid-PP). In addition, compared with Acid-PP, the Alkali-PP possessed the greater capacities in emulsion activity, foaming capacity and fat absorption capacity. Furthermore, the foaming capacity, foam stability and fat absorption capacity of Alkali-PP was better than soy protein powder. Therefore, Alkali-pH followed by freeze-drying would be a better alternative to prepare high-quality protein powder from tuna liver in the food industry. -
Fortification of sago noodles with fish meal skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Original Article
LITAAY, Christina; INDRIATI, Ashri; MAYASTI, Nur Kartika IndahResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Sago is a carbohydrate-producing food commodity in large quantities but has a low protein content. The interaction of protein and carbohydrates in sago noodles is expected to help improve nutritional value. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of the fortification of skipjack tuna fish meal in increasing the quality of sago noodles. Experimental design using a completely randomized design of one factor, namely the fortification of fish meal with five levels (0%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14%). Sago noodle characteristics with the fortification of fish meal were investigated. Result evaluation showed that the fortification of fish meal had the optimum concentration that can be used to increase the nutritional content of sago noodles is fortification of fish meal 14% with chemical characteristics, namely 2.16% ash content, 7.70% protein content, and 0.17% fat content. -
The effect of step-wised protocol on critical care management of severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage Original Article
QU, Xin; SHANG, Feng; XU, Yueqiao; CHENG, Weitao; CHEN, Wenjin; QI, Meng; JIANG, Lidan; WANG, NingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore the critical care treatment and clinical outcome of patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SaSAH), and to provide clinical evidence for the treatment of patients with SaSAH. 160 patients with SaSAH of Hunt and Hess (H&H) grade III or above in the neurosurgical critical care unit at ourospital between June 2016 and June 2018 were enrolled in this study. Patients were treated with brain protective bundle based on step-wised protocol under multimodal monitoring and followed up for 3 months. The incidence of various clinical complications and the clinical prognosis after discharge were statistically analyzed. Furthermore, it carried on the correlation analysis to the risk factors and the prognosis. In 160 patients with SaSAH, 127 patients had responsible aneurysms located in the anterior circulation, and the other 33 patients were located in the posterior circulation. 70 patients (43.8%) underwent transcranial clipping, 81 patients (50.6%) underwent endovascular embolization and 9 patients (5.6%) did not intervene. Patients with IV and V grades of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were considered good recovery, and those with grade I, II and III were poor prognosis. The 30-day good prognosis rate was 41.3% (66/160) and the poor prognosis rate was 58.7% (94/160). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the Hunt & Hess classification correlated well with prognosis (OR: 4.367,95% CI, 2.254-8.460, P < 0.001). The clinical prognosis of patients with SaSAH is still poor. In particular, under the critical care of neurosurgery, the application of brain protective bundle based on step-wised protocol under multimodal monitoring might improve the clinical prognosis of patients with SaSAH. -
Cooking fuel and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension in Lanzhou, China: A birth cohort study Original Article
Li, Lanlan; Bai, Yang; Wang, Baolin; Ren, Yucheng; Dai, Wei; Tan, Jianwei; Yang, Weihu; Wu, Zhuming; Hu, YaguangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Background The relationship between the solid fuels and the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is inconclusive. Methods A birth cohort study of 10,452 pregnant women without chronic hypertension was conducted from 2010 to 2012 at the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital in Lanzhou, China. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship. Results Compared to pregnant women using gas as cooking fuel, pregnant women using coal (OR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.85-3.51)and biomass (OR=3.58, 95% CI: 2.29-5.60) were associated with an increased risk of PIH, gestational hypertension (biomass: OR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.68-6.80), and preeclampsia (coal: OR=2.89, 95% CI: 1.98-4.21; biomass: OR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.95-5.84).The relationship between cooking fuel and PIH is modified by maternal age(p<0.0001), pre-pregnancy BMI (p<0.0001), gestational weigh gain(p<0.0001), parity(p<0.0001), and multiple birth (p<0.0001). Conclusions During pregnancy, exposure to coal or biomass was associated with an increased risk of PIH and preeclampsia. -
Clinical value of turbidity-elimination gout soup combined with external application of traditional chinese medicine to improve the pain and the volume of tophi in patients with gout Original Article
LI, Hongbo; NIE, Daqing; WANG, Shaoqiong; LI, Da; LIU, ChengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To analyze the clinical value of turbidity-elimination gout soup combined with external application of traditional Chinese medicine to improve pain and the volume of tophi in patients with gout. A total of 94 patients with gout were selected as the study samples. They were randomly divided into control group treated with colchicine tablets and observation group treated with turbidity-elimination gout soup combined with external application of traditional Chinese medicine. Two groups of patients were compared before and after treatment in terms of pain, volume of tophi, score of TCM symptoms and laboratory indicators. There was no significant difference in NRS score, volume of tophi, redness and swelling of joints, heat and pain and other laboratory indicators between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05); NRS score, tophi, the integral of symptoms and other symptoms, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count, blood uric acid level and etc. laboratory indexes of patients in the observation group were lower than those of the control group after treatment (P<0.05). Combination will effectively reduce the pain of patients with gout, reduce the volume of tophi, correct clinical symptoms and improve the level of laboratory indicators, with clinical reference and implementation efficiency. -
Improvement yield of applewood (Feronia limonia) flavor extract by liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane solvent Original Article
SUYANTO, Agus; NOOR, Erliza; RUSLI, Meika Syahbana; FAHMA, FarahResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Applewood (Feronia limonia) or ‘Kawista’ in Indonesia is a rare plant with a unique flavor. The research objective is to optimize the extraction process to get the best Applewood Flavor Extract (AFE) using a mono-factor design. Extraction was carried out in two stages; firstly, it was maceration with dichloromethane, glycerin, and alcohol solvents. Secondly, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with dichloromethane solvent. The best results are based on sensory values , and UV-Vis analysis on maceration alcohol (70%) is 18 hours with stirring. The best LLE at 12 hours was obtained from alcohol-dichloromethane (ALC-DCM) extract with a yield 28.55% fruit pulp base. The ALC-DCM extract was then analyzed by the chemical components of GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and sensory of the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) method. GC-MS analysis succeeded in characterizing 91 volatile compounds. LLE technique of ALC-DCM extract can increase the absorption of ester compounds by 66.67% compare with dichloromethane (DCM) extract. There are 30 organic compounds from LC-MS/MS analysis. The volatile chemical marker on ALC-DCM extract with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the ester, and the aroma marker from QDA is apple-like and vinegar. -
Main components of ethyl acetate extract of Chimonanthus salicifolius and its effects on intestinal mucositis in mice induced by 5-fluorouracil Original Article
WEN, Huiping; LEI, Weimin; HOU, Jing; KE, LeqinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to analyze the main components of ethyl acetate extract of Chimonanthus salicifolius (EAECS) and investigate its effect on intestinal mucositis in mice induced by 5-fluorouracil. EAECS was prepared, and its main components were analyzed. Fifty mice were randomly divided into control, model and 3, 6 and 9 g/kg EAECS groups. The latter three groups were intragastrically administrated with 3, 6 and 9 g/kg EAECS for 7 days, respectively. The intestinal mucositis model was established in latter four groups from the 1st to 7th day of administration. Results showed that, the main components in EAECS were rutin, scopolamine, isofraxidin, scoparone, quercetin and kaempferol. After administration, compared with model group, in 9 g/kg EAECS group the body weight was increased; the serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 levels were decreased, and the interleukin 10 level was increased; the intestinal tissue superoxide dismutase level was increased, and the malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels wer decreased; the liver tissue TNF-α level was significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, EAECS has rich flavonoids and coumarins. It can alleviate the intestinal mucositis in mice induced by 5-FU. The mechanism may be related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. -
Comparative analysis of fresh and processed mango (Mangifera indica L, cv. “Maria”) pulps: influence of processing on the volatiles, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity Original Article
SILVA, Elizabete de Santana; SANTOS JUNIOR, Heraldo Bispo dos; GUEDES, Tamna Joanan Farias Lima; SANDES, Rafael Donizete Dutra; RAJAN, Murugan; LEITE NETA, Maria Terezinha Santos; NARAIN, NarendraResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the possible modifications due to industrial processing in the volatiles (HS-SPME/GC-MS), bioactive compounds (content total, and phenolic profile by UFLC-DAD) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, ORAC) of fresh and processed mango pulp with addition of additives, pasteurized, and pasteurized with additives. The physicochemical characteristics of the samples were evaluated. All parameters were significantly (p≤0.05) affected by processing. According to the PCA analysis, the stability of the samples was influenced by the thermal processing and the work clearly demonstrated the separation between the analyzed samples as a function of the effect of thermal processing. It is concluded that industrial processing, although important for the preservation of useful life and maintenance of the microbiological quality of mango pulp, influence the functional and aromatic properties, causing a significant reduction in the volatile and bioactive compounds, which can negatively influence the acceptance of the processed product by consumers. -
Philippine rice wine (Tapuy) made from Ballatinao black rice and traditional starter culture (Bubod) showed high alcohol content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity Original Article
DELA ROSA, Jared Gabriel Lopez; MEDINA, Paul Mark BacoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study described and evaluated the acidity, alcohol content, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and sensory attributes of rice wine (Tapuy) made from black, red, brown and white rice during a 7-day fermentation. Acidity of Tapuy made from the different pigmented rice had similar pH profiles characterized by a steep decrease at day 1 from 6.38 ± 0.4 to 3.38 ± 0.2, and remained relatively unchanged until the end of fermentation. Tapuy made from black rice (Ballatinao) contained 16.07% alcohol, second to white rice (Bongkitan) that contained 18.58% alcohol, although they were not significantly different from each other (p>0.05). At the end of fermentation, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Tapuy made from black rice was significantly higher (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) than Tapuy made from the other pigmented rice. Total phenolic content of Tapuy made from black rice was at 9.73 mg GAE/mL and antioxidant activity leveled-off at 70.63% DPPH radical scavenging activity; whereas Tapuy made from the other pigmented rice were declining. Thus, Ballatinao black rice is a suitable rice variety for making Tapuy and has the potential to be a health-promoting functional food. -
Effects of different kinds of polysaccharides on the properties and inhibition of Monilinia fructicola of the thyme essential oil-chitosan based composite films Original Article
LIAN, Huan; SHI, Jingying; ZHANG, Xiaoyan; PENG, Yong; MENG, Wenbo; PEI, LingdongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In order to investigate the controlled release and antifungal effect of thyme essential oil on peach fruit, the four polysaccharides such as xanthan gum, gum tragacanth, arabic gum and pullulan were used to construct the essential oil-chitosan based composite film. The physical and chemical properties of composite film and its inhibition effect on Monilinia fructicola of peach fruit in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. The results showed that thyme essential oil contained some antifungal compounds such as 2-methoxy-3- (2-propenyl)-phenol, D-limonene and thymol. The addition of four polysaccharides decreased the tensile strength and elongation at break of composite film, and caused obvious fluctuation in the peak at 3263, 2884, 1552 and 1025 cm-1. Particularly, the strong interaction was found between chitosan and arabic gum which improved the antifungal effect of thyme essential oil in vitro. Moreover, the chitosan composite film combined with arabic gum exhibited the best inhibition effect on Monilinia fructicola of peach fruit in vivo regardless of the coating of film solution or film fumigation method. The work showed that chitosan-arabic gum composite film would be a potential application for improving the antifungal effect of essential oil on the preservation of peach fruit. -
Anti-bacterial effect of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. extract and Origanum syriacum L. essential oil on survival and growth of total aerobic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus using cooked chicken meat Original Article
AL-HIJAZEEN, MarwanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The effect of oregano essential oil (OE) and rosemary extract (RE) on the survival and growth of Staphylococcus aureus, and the total aerobic bacteria (TA) in cooked ground chicken meat stored at different temperatures had been evaluated. Five treatments including i) Control (no additives); ii) 150 ppm OE; iii) 350 ppm RE; iv) 150 ppm OE + 350 ppm RE; and v) 14 ppm of butylatedhydroxyanisole and butylatedhydroxytolune mixture (BHA/BHT) were prepared. After cooking, all samples were stored (7 days) at different temperature (10, 25, 43 °C) using oxygen permeable bags and tested for TA, and total viable count of Staph. a. In addition, all additives were showed significant (P < 0.05) antimicrobial effect during storage time compared to the control. Both OE and RE showed comparable antimicrobial effect compared to the synthetic (BHA/BHT) additive at all storage temperatures. However, the combination treatment (OE + RE) was the highest among other additives suppress bacterial growth (APC & Staph. a) during storage. Based on these results, it is concluded that both OE and RE were showed significant (P < 0.05) antimicrobial activity, but this effect could be higher if meat treated by their combined mixture. -
Effects of 1-methylcyclopene and controlled-atmosphere treatment on the quality and antioxidant capacity of blueberries during storage Original Article
BA, Liangjie; LUO, Donglan; JI, Ning; CAO, Sen; MA, Chao; ZHANG, Peng; WANG, RuiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment and controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage and their combination on quality and antioxidant capacity of postharvest blueberries were evaluated here. To investigate the most appropriate approach for maintaining fruit quality, blueberries were subjected to four different treatments, a control (CK), 1-MCP, 3% O2 + 10% CO2 (CA), and 1-MCP combined with 3% O2+10% CO2 (1-MCP + CA), then stored for 80 days at 0 °C. It was found that the applications of 1-MCP, CA and 1-MCP + CA were effective at delaying the increase in weight loss and inhibiting the decrease in firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) contents and titratable acidity (TA) contents. In addition, 1-MCP, CA and 1-MCP + CA treatment could significantly suppress MDA accumulation and relative electrolytic leakage promotion. Moreover, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2- and H2O2, was reduced by all the treatment, which was associated with increased activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Taken together, our findings indicate 1-MCP, CA and 1-MCP + CA have potential applications in maintaining the quality and improving the antioxidant capacity of harvested blueberries, and 1-MCP + CA is the most effective treatment. -
Evaluation on simulative transportation and storage quality of sweet cherry by different varieties based on principal component analysis Original Article
FU, Xiqing; SUN, Jiayang; LYU, Chunmao; MENG, Xianjun; GUO, He; YANG, DanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To determine the effect of transportation vibration on the nutritional quality and antioxidant activity of sweet cherry fruits in the process of cold chain transportation. Two kinds of sweet cherry “Summit” and “Nanyang” with different storage and transportation resistance were used as experimental materials. The results showed that the content of soluble solids, titratable acids and vitamin C in sweet cherry fruits were significantly reduced, while the content of superoxide anion radical, malondialdehyde and the antioxidant enzyme activities of CAT, APX, POD and PPO increased significantly, At the same time, the content of total phenols and flavonoids were increased under transport vibration stress, but the ability of DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging of sweet cherry were reduced significantly. In particular, transportation vibration stress had a greater impact on the nutritional quality and antioxidant activity of “Nanyang”, a sweet cherry with poor storage resistance. The results of this study indicated that transportation vibration has a great impact on the nutritional quality of sweet cherry, and that there is a strong correlation between antioxidant activity and nutritional quality. This study confirmed that transportation vibration during cold chain transportation can significantly reduce the nutritional quality and antioxidant activity of sweet cherry. -
Characterization of bioactive fatty acids and oxidative stability of microwave vacuum dried fish powder supplemented extruded product Original Article
MANZOOR, Muhammad Faisal; SHABBIR, Umair; GILANI, Syed Muneeb; SAMEEN, Aysha; AHMAD, Nazir; SIDDIQUE, Rabia; AHMED, Zahoor; QAYYUM, Abdul; REHMAN, AbdurResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study was aimed to determine the retention of bioactive fatty acids and oxidative stability of fish powder (FP) supplemented extruded products. The Labeo rohita fish meat was minced, microwave vacuum dried, and extruded. Product formulations containing FP (0-25%) and semolina (75-100%) were optimized using response surface methodology. The maximum bioactive fatty acids retention was 94.84% in the final product. The highest values of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were 87.97% and 85.66% at 25 °C for 30 and 60 days. Maximum TBARS values were 0.42 and 0.44 mg MDA/kg at 25 °C for 0 and 30 days, respectively. The highest carbonyl contents were 6.02, 7.67, 9.37 nmol/mg protein for 0, 30, and 60 days of storage at 25 °C, respectively. The moderate barrel exit temperature (125 °C) and feed moisture contents (20%) and high screw speed (150 rpm), FP (25%) exhibit the highest retention of PUFAs in a product. -
The efficacy and safety of endostar combined gemcitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis Original Article
WANG, Yixin; WANG, Lei; GUO, Jia; WANG, Ziyu; HUA, ShuchengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To determine the efficacy and safety of Endostar combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of NSCLC, and provide evidence-based reference for clinical drug use. Retrieved from Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database, randomized controlled trials (RCT) were collected. Pooled standard mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were analyzed using R software with a random-effects model. Data from a total of 27 RCTs were included, involving 1646 patients were analyzed. Results of meta-analysis showed that response rate and clinical benefit rate of trial group were significantly higher than those of control group. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal reaction between 2 groups. The results showed that Endostar combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin may generally improve therapeutic efficacy of NSCLC patients, without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions. -
Rheological properties and microbiological characteristics of kefir produced from different milk types Original Article
SAYGILI, Derya; DÖNER, Deniz; İÇİER, Filiz; KARAGÖZLÜ, CemResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Kefir is a refreshing fermented dairy product which has flowing consistency, uniform and bright appearance with mild yeast taste and flavor. Traditional or industrial methods can be applied for the production of kefir using kefir grains or lyophilized culture. Changes in product rheology caused by the using different types of milk and different incubation temperatures in kefir production are effective on selecting the equipment such as pump, pipeline, mixer, filling machine. In this study, microbiological flora and rheological properties of kefir were investigated for cow, sheep or goat milks with kefir grain or lyophilized culture. The pasteurized cow, sheep and goat milk were cooled to 28 °C and fermented with kefir grain and incubated at 20 °C, 25 °C or 30 °C for 24 hours. Then, the grains were filtered and stored at + 4 °C for 24 hours. At the end of the storage period, rheological and microbiological analyzes were carried out on kefir samples. The same procedures and analyzes were carried out lyophilized culture. It was found that the incubation application at different temperatures was effective on the consistency coefficient even in the fluid type unchangeable samples. -
Red ginseng polysaccharide alleviates cytotoxicity and promotes anti-inflammatory activity of ginsenosides Original Article
KIM, Hoon; CHO, Sung Min; KIM, Woo Jung; HONG, Ki-Bae; SUH, Hyung Joo; YU, Kwang-WonResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Although Ginsenosides are a major physiological component of red ginseng (RG), some isolated ginsenosides are known to have cytotoxic activity. This study was intended to reduce cytotoxicity and promote anti-inflammatory activity of ginsenosides by mixing the crude ginsenosides (RG-CG) and polysaccharides (RG-CP). RG-CG-CM, fractionated from RG-CG, not only had higher anti-inflammatory activity than that of RG-CG at 100 μg/mL, but also showed increased cytotoxicity, while RG-CP-4P and RG-CP-8P, fractionated from RG-CP, showed no anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity. To reduce the cytotoxicity without affecting the high anti-inflammatory activity of RG-CG-CM, RG-CG-CM and RG-CP-4P were mixed in a ratio of 2:8. The anti-inflammatory activity was significantly increased at a concentration of 75 μg/mL, while no cytotoxicity was observed. A combination of RG-CP and RG-CG effectively reduced the cytotoxicity and enhanced the anti-inflammatory activity of RG-CG, specifically RG-CG-CM fraction, providing scope for its industrial application. -
Prolactin acts in the pathway of photoperiod regulating the reproduction of the Striped Hamsters Original Article
XUE, Huiliang; XU, Jinhui; WU, Ming; CHEN, Lei; XU, LaixiangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To study the effects of prolactin (PRL) in pituitary on the reproduction of the Striped Hamsters via the photoperiods. Mature female striped hamsters were raised under various photoperiods to study the differential expression pattern of PRL in pituitary, and prolactin receptor (PRLR) in the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary. Photoperiods affect the pituitary PRL mRNA level and pituitary, hypothalamus and ovaries PRLR mRNA levels in striped hamsters. Positive correlations of PRL mRNA expression in the pituitary with that of PRLR in hypothalamus and ovaries, and that of GnRH in hypothalamus were determined. The serum concentration of PRL, FSH, LH and GnRH were significantly different among the striped hamsters from different photoperiods. Serum concentration of PRL is positively correlated with that of FSH, LH and GnRH of the striped hamsters. Photoperiod was important environment factor modulating the expression profile of PRL and PRLR in the striped hamsters. -
Comparison of the prognostic value of prognostic nutritional index in colorectal cancer deaths:a retrospective cohort study Original Article
ZHOU, Hongqi; WANG, Wenling; ZHANG, Ruyi; DONG, Hongmin; WANG, Gang; CHEN, Weiwei; LI, GuodongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Evidences showed that Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) is one important predictive factor for some cancers. However, the association between PNI and colorectal cancer is still unclear. In this study, we aim to explore the association between PNI and death in patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer. We enrolled 400 patients with colorectal cancer. The pathological results was used to confirm it. The patients received radical resection. The PNI at baseline was set as the exposure variable, death was the outcome variable, and other potential confounders were also analyzed. There was no association between PNI and the deaths of local advanced colorectal cancer and radical resection of colorectal cancer (HR=0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-1.00).Applying the cubic spline function, we found that it is not linear between PNI and death. Two-piecewise cox model showed that there was 68% decrease of risk of deaths when PNI change per 1 (HR=0.32; 95% CI, 0.13-0.79) on the left side of the inflection point (41.35). On the right of the inflection point, there was no association between PNI and death. PNI and deaths are linear correlation. Within a certain range (PNI=26-41), PNI is an independent protective factor for death risk. -
Correlation between the storability and fruit quality of fresh goji berries Original Article
HUANG, Ting; QIN, Ken; YAN, Yamei; HE, Xinru; DAI, Guoli; ZHANG, BoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Poor storability is the largest problem thwarting the marketization of fresh goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.). In this study, the storability of fresh fruits from 31 varieties of goji berry was evaluated by their decay index and rate of decay to choose 13 varieties of fresh fruit with excellent, medium and poor storability. Correlation and partial least squares regression analyses were adopted to explore the correlations between storability and 16 physical and chemical indicators from summer and autumn fruits. The storability calculated by the decay rate is significantly positively correlated with the content of flavonoids in the summer fruits, while the storability calculated by the decay index is significantly negatively correlated with the color difference b* and total acids in the summer fruits (P < 0.05). Similarly, the storability calculated by the decay rate is significantly positively correlated with the content of flavonoids, chewiness and elasticity of the autumn fruits (P < 0.05). The storability calculated by the decay index is significantly positively correlated with the content of flavonoids and the chewiness of autumn fruits (P < 0.05).The content of flavonoids in the fresh goji berry revealed a significantly positive correlation with the storability. -
Evaluation of volatile aroma compounds from Chinese wild grape berries by headspace-SPME with GC-MS Original Article
RAHMAN, Faiz Ur; NAWAZ, Muhammad Azher; LIU, Ruitao; SUN, Lei; JIANG, Jianfu; FAN, Xiucai; LIU, Chonghuai; ZHANG, YingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Evaluation of volatile aroma compounds from Chinese wild grape species aimed to explore new grape species via fruit aroma. In this study, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from ten grape cultivars belonging to nine different grape species were detected, by using headspace solid-phase microextraction with GC-MS. Chinese wild grape species were studied along with table grape (Muscat Hamburg, Concord) and wine grape (Cabernet Sauvignon) cultivars belonging to different origins. Total forty-five volatile compounds were detected, upon which several VOCs including pentanoic acid, cyclobutyl ester, maltol, (+)-neoisomenthol, and 8-methyloctahydrocoumarin were detected in Chinese wild grapes that have not been detected in other Vitis species. The results revealed that C6 volatile compounds were pre-dominant VOCs. Esters were found abundant in V. labrusca (Concord) and terpenoids were dominant in V. vinafera (Hamburg Muscat). The principal component analysis showed that Chinese wild grape cultivars V. yeshanensis, V. facifolia, V. davidii, V. betulifolia V. heyneana, V. amurensis and V. adenoclada are correlated with wine grape cultivar ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, while table grape cultivars are distributed separately. These results can provide a reference for the utilization of new germplasm for specific purposes. -
Effect of turning-Q laser in combination with topical Chuangfukang collagen mask to improve facial appearance, greenish brown birthmark area and color depth of patients with facial greenish brown birthmark Original Article
ZHENG, Chu-na; WANG, Peiping; YAO, Dongying; FANG, Xiaojuan; WU, Jianglin; ZHENG, Xiaoqing; KE, ChangminResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore the effect of turning-Q laser in combination with topical Chuangfukang collagen mask to improve facial appearance, greenish brown birthmark area and color depth of patients with facial greenish brown birthmark. 130 female patient were selected as the study object. The patients were treated with turning-Q laser treatment instrument 1064 nm, while the control group was treated with water bags for 20 minutes after cold irradiation. In the control group, the cure rate and total effective rate were 52.31% (34/65) and 84.62% (55/65), respectively, which were 67.69% (44/65) and 95.38% (62/65) (all P < 0.05). In the first week after treatment, the reduction rate (more than 80%) of the area of facial greenish brown birthmark in the experimental group was significantly more than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In six months after the treatment, only one case of dry desquamation occurred in the experimental group; three cases of dry desquamation, three cases of pruritus and two cases of rubella occurred in the control group. The application of turning-Q laser in combination with topical Chuangfukang collagen mask in the treatment of facial greenish brown birthmark can significantly improve the clinical efficacy and the facial appearance. -
Nutrıtıonal characterıstıcs and sensory acceptabılıty of reduced-fat french frıes Original Article
GUEDES, Andréa Madalena Maciel; FREITAS-SÁ, Daniela De Grandi Castro; ANTONIASSI, Rosemar; WILHELM, Allan Eduardo; FARIA-MACHADO, Adelia Ferreira de; TORREZAN, RenataResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The Brazilian food industry and government reached a consensus on progressively reducing the content of industrial trans fatty acids (TFA) in food products due to its health effects. French fries are popular among young people and this study evaluates four brands of frozen pre-fried French fries marketed in Brazil and four brands of French fries from the main fast-food chains in Brazil regarding their fatty acid profile and total fat content. The total fat content of fast-food chain French fries was 14-21g/100 g, with a total TFA content of 0.01-0.14 g/100 g. In turn, the total fat content of frozen pre-fried French fries ranged from 3.3 to 7.4 g/100 g, with a total TFA content of 0.01-0.03 g/100 g. Deep fat frying of these products did not include partially hydrogenated fat. Two most sold pre-fried French fries brands available in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil were selected and evaluated using air frying cooking method regarding sensory acceptance. Mean acceptance among consumers was 5.7 and 5.1 for brands A and B, respectively. Brand A was further evaluated by children and young people, with mean acceptance of 4.48 and 7.2, respectively, showing good acceptance for pre-fried French fries with reduced fat content. -
Quantitative proteomic comparison of protein differences in different parts of yak meat Original Article
YAN, Zhongxin; LI, Wei; HU, Rong; MA, Qingmei; LU, ZhouminResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Proteomics is a powerful tool to understand molecular connections between meat proteins and quality traits. In order to research the total proteome difference and molecular mechanisms related to quality traits in different parts of yak meat. This study was designed to investigate the differences in the proteomes of yak different muscles. In this paper, Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) coupled Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to study the variations of proteome in different parts of yak after it is slaughtered. In total, 88 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified among striplon (WJR), slivsid (HGT) and chuck (JR). The quality analysis of DEPs showed heat shock proteins (HSPs) and structural proteins could be used as tenderness marker proteins for different parts of yak meat. Myosin and troponin-T may be flavour marker protein in yak meat. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that DEPs are involved in glycolysis, protein structure and phosphorylation. PPI analysis revealed thatmyosin, HSPs and metabolic enzymes may have the potential to be biological markers. This study highlights that the DEPs were responsible for meat quality different. -
Oxidative stability of the salad dressing enriched by microencapsulated phenolic extracts from cold-pressed grape and pomegranate seed oil by-products evaluated using OXITEST Original Article
AKSOY, Fatma Sema; TEKIN-CAKMAK, Zeynep Hazal; KARASU, Salih; AKSOY, Ayse SemraResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the potential use of cold-pressed pomegranate seed oil by-product (PGOB) and grape seed oil by-product (GOB) as a natural antioxidant in a salad dressing. Firstly, bioactive compounds from oil by-product were extracted and powdered by spray drier to produced grape seed oil by-product powder (GOBP) and pomegranate seed oil by-product powder (PGOBP). This study was the first attempt to evaluate the oxidative stability of the salad dressing by OXITEST at 90, 100, and 110 °C, and at 6 bar (the oxygen pressure). The samples enriched by GOB (3.22-26.76h) and PGOB (2.49-24.76h) showed high IP compared to control samples (0.43-8.82 h). The oxidation rate was modeled by zero, first and second-order kinetic models, and the oxidation kinetics constant (k) value estimated. PGOBP and GOBP significantly reduced k value. The activation enthalpy (ΔH++), activation entropy (ΔS++) and activation energy (Ea) were 69.78-101.93 kJ/mol, 59.55-81.07 J/mol and (-18.36)-(-83.37) J/mol respectively. The ΔG++ of the control, PGOBP and GOBP enriched samples were 87.36-88.10 Kj/mol, 88.65-91.61 Kj/mol, and 88.14-91.48 kJ/mol respectively. This study suggests that PGOBP and GOBP could be used as a natural antioxidant source for salad dressings. -
Effects of Lactobacillus used as the starter culture on naturally fermented pickled cabbage Original Article
ALAN, Yusuf; YILDIZ, NeslihanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Pickled cabbage is a traditional and typical fermented food, which occurs as a result of fermentation of bacteria that exist in the medium naturally. In this study, the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus paraplantarum on the pickled cabbage fermentation were investigated. The physicochemical (total acidity, salt and pH) and microbiological (lactic acid bacteria, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria and yeast-mould) changes that occurred during the fermentation were observed. In addition, the amounts of biogenic amine (BA) and metabolites were determined with HPLC. It was found that the amount of acidity (%) was lower in Lactobacillus samples. Important microbiological changes were observed in the L. plantarum 46 and L. pentosus samples. The total BA amount was found to be the lowest for the sample L. plantarum 61. It was also seen that the BA was less than any poisonous rate affecting the human health. On day 60 of fermentation, the amount of metabolite was maximum in the L. plantarum 61and L. paraplantarum samples. As a result, the total amount of BA was observed to be lowest in the L. plantarum 61 sample inoculated with L. plantarum 61 culture and in the metabolites synthesized highly. It is suggested that the use of such Lactobacillus for the natural pickle process will allows for the production of a tastier and more reliable product, contributing to the food industry. -
Relations between nutrients and bioactive compounds of commercial tomato varieties by the Principal Component Analysis Original Article
RODRIGUES, Marcy Heli Paiva; KUPSKI, Larine; SOUZA, Taiana Denardi de; ARIAS, Jean Lucas de Oliveira; D’OCA, Marcelo Montes; FURLONG, Eliana BadialeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study evaluated relations among nutrients, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of commercial tomato varieties grown in field conditions in order to identify their biological potential by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Four commercial tomato varieties (Long Life, Italian, Khaki and Cherry), homogenized by their maturation stage (color, sugar/acidity ratio and pH) were evaluated regarding macro components (sugars, pectin and minerals) and functional ones (carotenoids, phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid). Cherry tomatoes stood out for their pectin and lycopene contents and their sugar/acidity ratio. Tomato samples were good sources of Cu and Ca. The PCA showed that the antioxidant potential of phenolic compounds was related to protocatecoic acid and quercetin concentrations. Italian and Cherry varieties stood out for their carotenoid contents. In field conditions, Cherry and Italian tomatoes were the best sources of functional compounds among the most common varieties found in the human diet. -
Assessment of the caffeine-containing beverages available in the local markets, and development of a real energy drink based on the date fruit Original Article
MOSTAFA, Heba SayedResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Globally, tea, coffee, soft and energy drinks are daily consumed as a source of caffeine. Energy drinks gained a great public and scientific issues, thus this study assessed the caffeine content in some caffeine-containing beverages. Given the increasing demand for newly formulated healthy drinks, the date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Siwi) was used to develop a fruit-energy drink as an alternative for the energy drinks. Results displayed that the coffee addition even to 80 mg/250 mL, did not significantly altered the acidity of the final developed drink. It contained rapidly metabolized sugars of 27.86 g/250 mL without added sugar and was slightly neutral (pH = 6.04). The sensory assessment revealed that the added coffee (up to 320 mg/L) enhanced its aroma and taste but negatively affected the color. The high naturally occurring vitamins and minerals content and the gross energy; made this drink a super energy drink to fulfill the needs of athletes. Some of the tested local caffeine-containing beverages contained caffeine higher than those mentioned on the product label. On the other side, Turkish coffee brews contained 1.99-9.46 mg/g and the instant coffees had provided the highest ever caffeine (24.71 mg/g), such that their daily consumption should be alarmed. -
Effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 on the expression of oxidative metabolism related genes in tomato Original Article
KARPUZ, Burcu; ÇAKIR, ÖzgürResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Expression analysis of antioxidant related genes may provide key information to develop plants more tolerant to abiotic and biotic stress. For this purpose, in this study, proteosome was inhibited by using MG132 proteosome inhibitor in Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) tissues with high antioxidant content. We aimed to explain the response of gene isoforms associated with oxidative stress metabolism as a result of proteasome inhibition induced by MG132 in tomato. Gene expression levels of SLGR1, SLPhGPX, SLCAT1, SLFe-SOD, SLGPX, SLCu/Zn-SOD, SLcAPX and SLGST genes which are known to be associated with antioxidant mechanisms, were determined by real-time PCR in tomato. There was no significant change in SLPhGPX, SLCAT1, SL-Fe-SOD and SLcAPX genes in root, stem and leaf tissues. In addition, expression of SLGR1 and SLGST genes in root tissue was increased. In leaf tissue, expression of SLGPX, SLCu/Zn-SOD and SLGST genes increased significantly. There was no significant change in the expression of the genes studied in the shoot tissue. These results obtained from tomato root, stem and leaf tissues by creating proteasome inhibition will help to understand the relationship between antioxidant system and proteasome system in plants. -
Influence of gum arabic and homogenization process on the physicochemical stability of strawberry suspensions Original Article
CASTAÑO-PELÁEZ, Hader Iván; CORTES-RODRÍGUEZ, Misael; GIL-GONZÁLEZ, Jesús; GALLÓN-BEDOYA, ManuelaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The generation of value from the strawberry agro-chain requires in some cases the disintegration of the structure and formulation of the fruit, resulting in suspensions that behave as thermodynamically unstable colloidal systems and are affected by various forces, such as Van der Waals, electrostatic, steric, hydration, hydrophobic, and phase separation. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the homogenization process and the concentration of gum arabic (GA) on the stability of strawberry-based suspensions. Strawberries with a 9% solid content were used and a centralized-composite central design was proposed (pressure (P) from 4.14-10.34 MPa), time (t) (3-5 min), and GA (0.2-0.4%)) and the dependent variables zeta potential (ζ), spectral absorption index (R), viscosity (μ), and particle size were evaluated. The ζ potential and R-index were not affected by the homogenization process and GA; the suspension was stabilized by the increase of ζ due to t, the GA effect, and the t-GA interaction. Particle size was affected by P but not by t, whereas GA mainly affected D [3,2], D [4,3], and D90. The results indicate that the homogenization and the use of GA as a hydrocolloid confer chemo-physical stability to the strawberry suspension. -
Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) essential oil in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) improves fillet quality Original Article
SARY, Cesar; CARBONERA, Fabiana; VITAL, Ana Carolina Pelaes; GUERRERO, Ana; LEWANDOWSKI, Vanessa; VISENTAINER, Jesuí Vergílio; PRADO, Ivanor Nunes do; RIBEIRO, Ricardo PereiraResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study evaluated the effect of including clove essential oil (EOcl) in Nile tilapia diets on animal performance and antioxidant power, lipid oxidation, gene expression, texture, pH, color and sensory analysis in fillets. Three levels of EOcl in the diets were evaluated (0.70, 1.05 and 1.40 g/kg), provided over three periods before slaughtering the animals (15, 45 and 60 days). The antioxidant power in the diets increased after including EOcl. There was an interaction effect between the level and period of inclusion of EOcl on the antioxidant power and lipid oxidation of fillets stored up to 14 days after slaughter. Lipid oxidation was reduced by 43.3% compared with the control group. EOcl inclusion in the diet, regardless of level and period, improved texture and promote less gene expression of catalase and glutathione synthetase. This demonstrates that the antioxidant in the tilapia diet acts against the oxidative stress process. Considering the results for the interactions and parameters evaluated, including 1.05 g/kg of clove essential oil in the rations for 15 days before slaughter is indicated because it contributes to a higher fillet quality. -
Dehulling effectiveness of high-oleic and linoleic sunflower oilseeds using air-jet impact dehuller: a comparative study Original Article
ROMANIĆ, Ranko S.; LUŽAIĆ, Tanja Z.Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract Sunflower seeds and kernels are very common in the preparation of protein meals. Dehulling sunflower seeds for meal preparation and direct consumption is a very important operation. High-oleic sunflower contains the most oleic fatty acids in the oil which significantly improves the oxidative stability of the meal with this sunflower compared to meals with standard linoleic sunflower seed. In this work, a air-jet impact dehuller was used to determine, optimize and compare the effectiveness of dehulling of two types of sunflower: high-oleic (HOSS) and linoleic sunflower seed (LSS). A two-factorial experimental design (32) was used to estimate the effect of seed moisture and applied air pressure on the efficiency (E criterion) and quality of dehulling (K1 and K2 criteria). Samples with a moisture content of 6, 8 and 10% were dehulled at an air pressure of 400, 600 and 800 kPa. The most efficient dehulling of HOSS, was achieved at a dehulling pressure in the range of 600-800 kPa and moisture content of 6.0%. As for the LSS sample, the highest efficiency of LSS and the highest K2 criterion were obtained at the dehulling pressure of 800 kPa, and moisture content of 7.3%. -
Industrial potential of Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) in powder: antioxidant activity, spectroscopic and morphological behavior Original Article
SANTOS, Orquídea Vasconcelos dos; VIANA, Arliane Amaral; SOARES, Stephanie Dias; VIEIRA, Evelyn Lais Santos; MARTINS, Mayara Galvão; NASCIMENTO, Francisco das Chagas Alves do; TEIXEIRA-COSTA, Barbara ElisabethResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this research was to analyze the industrial potential of a bacaba powder (Oenocarpus bacaba) obtained by different drying methods, evaluating antioxidant activity, spectroscopic and morphological behavior and addition to the composition of inorganic elements. The content of anthocyanins, flavonoids and carotenoids of each powder were determined as well as the total phenolic compounds. The structure of the granules of the powder were visualized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the elemental composition was attained by the X-ray spectroscopic energy dispersive system (EDS). The data suggest that the freeze-drying method is more efficient in obtaining the bacaba powder material. The increase in temperature applied in the convection drying process caused a reduction in the bioactive compound content and elements with antioxidant activity, it severely damaged the morphology of the plant membrane and influenced the composition of the spectral bands. Thus, this study indicates that the freezer-drying method could be particularly useful for obtaining bacaba powder in off-season periods, and that bacaba itself is a raw material that could be exploited by several industrial segments. -
Molecular docking of Subtilisin K2, a fibrin-degrading enzyme from Indonesian moromi, with its substrates Original Article
SYAHBANU, Fathma; GIRIWONO, Puspo Edi; TJANDRAWINATA, Raymond R.; SUHARTONO, Maggy T.Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract Fibrinogen supplies the primary building block of the blood clot or thrombus after α-thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin during the final phases of coagulation. When the homeostasis system is disrupted, blood clots that aggregate in the blood vessels can lead to thrombosis. Fibrin-degrading enzyme from Bacillus subtilis K2 (Subtilisin K2) of Indonesian moromi has many excellent characteristics apart from its strong fibrinolytic activity. Bioinformatic analysis using the CDART webserver indicated that the enzyme appeared to share a conserved domain with the peptidase s8 superfamily also known as the subtilase family. This study used molecular docking between these fibrin-degrading enzymes and specific substrates (fibrin and fibrinogen) using the HADDOCK webserver and aimed to predict the enzyme mechanism of action. This analysis revealed that the enzyme interlocked with the two substrates; however, it suggested no productive interactions between Subtilisin K2 and fibrinogen. A hydrolysis reaction is suggested between Subtilisin K2 and the fibrin substrate. There was a strong indication that amino acids Asp19, His51, and Ser208 in Subtilisin K2’s active site interacts with Leu168, Ile171, and Leu172 of the fibrin substrate with a ∆G of -19.4 kcal/mol. Subtilisin K2 tends to act more as a fibrin-degrading enzyme than as a fibrinogen-degrading enzyme. -
Type I caramel products of maltose and sucrose with water and their antioxidant activities Original Article
LI, Tian-Xiao; LUO, Cheng; GENG, Zong-Ze; JIANG, Zhong-Rong; JI, Ling-Bo; SHENTU, Hong-Qian; XIE, Yun-Fei; HU, Jun; LIU, Yuan-Fa; LI, Dong-LiangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To study the caramel reactions of disaccharides with water, the type I maltose caramel products (MCPs) and sucrose caramel products (SCPs) at three reaction stages were yielded and their reaction rates, UV absorptions, flavor compounds, and antioxidant activities were also detected. It was found that the caramel reactions of sucrose were faster than those of maltose and their reaction rates quickly increased to a high level in the middle stage. UV absorption of SCP in the late stage at 305 nm was much stronger than those of MCPs. Both the MCP and SCP obtained at 180 °C and 4 min had the highest concentrations of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and total flavor compounds. Moreover, the total flavor concentrations of SCPs were much larger than those of MCPs and the antioxidant effects of SCPs were also stronger. Thus, a preferred condition for both two disaccharide caramel reactions was suggested at 180 °C for 4 min and the sucrose caramels could give better flavors than maltose caramels. -
Glycemic evaluation of some breads from different countries via in vitro gastrointestinal enzymatic hydrolysis system Original Article
YUSUFOĞLU, Büşra; YAMAN, Mustafa; KARAKUŞ, EmineResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Carbohydrates are digested in in vivo gastrointestinal hydrolysis system in the body. To investigate glycemic evaluation of carbohydrate digestion, a lot of in vivo study in the literature, in vitro glycemic study to research postprandial glucose composition with biochemical hydrolysis systems for carbohydrates hasn’t been met. In this study, it was investigated glycemic evaluation by using postprandial glucose after digestion of the bread species from different countries such as the United States, Sweden, and Germany with our constructed biochemical hydrolysis system at in vitro conditions. The assays of GI and GL values of these bread species were carried out with the methods based on spectrophotometric. GI and GL values of American white bread (AWB), Sweden white bread (SWB), German white bread (GWB) were calculated by using Turkish white bread (TWB) as reference carbohydrate. AWB, SWB, and GWB have lower GI values than TWB. GL values were also determined for each bread species by using spectrophotometric biochemical in vitro hydrolysis system because the value indicated for consumption of a foodstuff. TWB had higher GL value than the other bread species. GL values of all bread samples were bigger than 20. -
The combination effect of adding rosemary extract and oregano essential oil on ground chicken meat quality Original Article
AL-HIJAZEEN, MarwanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Preservative effect of oregano essential oil (OE) and rosemary extract (RE) on ground chicken meat stored at different refrigeration time had been evaluated. Six treatments were prepared: T1) Control (No additives); T2) Combination (CM1) of 100 ppm OE and 300 ppm RE; T3) CM2: 100 ppm OE + 350 ppm RE; T4) CM3: 150 ppm OE + 300 ppm RE; T5) CM4: 150 ppm OE + 350 ppm RE; T6) 14 ppm of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Meat patties were individually packaged in oxygen-permeable bags stored at 4 °C, and analyzed for lipid and protein oxidation, and CIE color values at 0, 4, and 7 days. Individual cooked thigh meats were used to evaluate different sensory attributes. All additives showed significant (P < 0.05) antioxidant effect delaying lipid and protein oxidation after day 4 comparing to the control treatment samples. However, the highest significant (P < 0.05) effect among all treatments was by CM4. The CM4 was the highest stabilizing raw meat color, and preventing meat discoloration. In addition, it showed (CM4) highest overall acceptability scores values regarding sensory evaluation. Based on current results, both OE and RE had a potential antioxidant activity; however, this could be stronger if used together. -
The relationship between XPD Asp312Asn Polymorphism and esophageal cancer in Chinese population: a meta-analysis Original Article
YU, Dahui; WU, Daoli; YUAN, Chong; ZHANG, Hedan; CHU, WenyanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract It has been reported that xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) Asp312Asn is related to esophageal cancer (EC). Nevertheless, in 12 recent years, some researchers have put forward different points of view. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relation between XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism and the risk of EC in Chinese. Related studies were searched in the databases between the beginning to October 2019. An OR with 14 the corresponding 95% CI was carried out to appraise the relevance. There were 8 studies with 2553 esophageal cancer cases and 3091 controls in 15 this meta-analysis. Due to no heterogeneities among the selected studies of all the four genetic models, fxed-effect model was used in each genotype. There was not significant relationship between XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism and EC in overall analyses by pooled ORs and subgroup analyses stratified by geographic area and source of controls. In conclusion, there may be not association between XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism and EC in Chinese populations. Further studies about other ethnic groups are needed to confirm this conclusion. -
Dynamic changes in physic-chemical properties and bacterial community during natural fermentation of tomatoes Original Article
ZHOU, Xiaoli; GUAN, Qinglin; QIN, Yumeng; QIN, Zhicheng; DU, Bin; LIN, DongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study revealed for the first time the dynamic changes of bacterial community and physic-chemical properties in the process of tomatoes fermentation. In the early phase of fermentation, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes account for 86.04% and 9.97%, respectively. Then, Firmicutes replaced Proteobacteria to be the dominant phylum from day 10. Among then, Lactobacillus decreased from 20 to 30 days and then rapidly increased. The total sugar showed a gradual decreased while the nitrite content increased in the early phases. The total acid content increased from initial 0.6% to 2.03% on day 30, mainly including citric acid, malic acid and lactic acid. In the later stages, the number of microorganisms and bacterial community tended to be stable, along with the content of organic acids and nitrite. During fermentation, the physic-chemical parameters inevitably change, mainly due to microbial metabolism, affecting in turns the development of the micro-ecosystem. These results contribute to our knowledge about bacterial participation in the process of fermentation and will help improve the quality of fermented food and vegetables. -
Rheometry nutrition and gluten microstructure trends in wheat cultivars Original Article
HUSSAIN, Nadeem; MAHMOOD, Talat; LIAQUAT, Muhammad; SAFDAR, Naeem; AHMED, Waqas; QAYYUM, Abdul; ABBASI, Kashif Sarfraz; IMRAN, MuhammadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Wheat based products are consumed as staple food in most the of Asians countries, hence different wheat cultivars are purposely developed to meet the diverse ecological conditions. These cultivars carry difference in their rheometry nutrition and gluten microstructure that affect the overall product quality. In the present investigation ten wheat varieties were selected from two most common ecological zones i.e. rain fed and irrigated. In general, non-significant differences were observed in most of nutritional parameters however, tremendous variations were studied in rheometry and functional features. More than fifteen parameters were linked through Principal Competent Analysis (PCA) which has segregated the cultivars in to four groups. Analyses of secondary structure of gluten were also analysed through Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and hierarchical cluster for FTIR gluten structure divided wheat cultivars in three groups. Results revealed that wheat cultivars (Borlog-2015 and Zincole-2016) having high protein contents (15%), more water absorption capacity (72.0%), dough development time (11.2 min), stability time (15 min) and mixing tolerance index (11.0 min) made their own cluster and showed variable spectra estimated between the 1750 to 1500 cm-1. On the bases of findings of both PCA model and clustering of FTIR proteins, it was revealed these two cultivars are suited for bread making. In contradiction to above features other two cultivars (Pirsabak-2005 and Wafaq-2001) were found good for making biscuits. -
Microwave assisted drying and extraction technique; kinetic modelling, energy consumption and influence on antioxidant compounds of fenugreek leaves Original Article
KHAN, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal; GHAURI, Yasir Mahmood; ALVI, Tayyaba; AMIN, Usman; KHAN, Muhammad Issa; NAZIR, Akmal; SAEED, Farhan; AADIL, Rana Muhammad; NADEEM, Muhammad Tahir; BABU, Irrum; MAAN, Abid AslamResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Fenugreek leaves contains bioactive compounds, which are helpful in maintaining human health. These compounds are adversely affected in conventional drying methods. Therefore, this study was carried out to retain maximum amount of these components through microwave-assisted drying and extraction technique. The technique was optimized for simultaneous drying and extraction process for fenugreek leaves. The drying rate and drying time were influenced by the level of microwave power; time was reduced from 21 to 5 minutes, when microwave power was changed from 30 to 100 W. Unlikely, the drying rate increased from 1.79 to 4.56 ± 0.05 g/(100 g.min) with the change in power (30 to 100 W). Moreover, moisture ratio analysis determined that two term model was the best to demonstrate the fitness with experimental values. The energy consumption was lowest for 100W compared to other powers. Furthermore, comparison between microwave-based extraction and methanol-extraction indicated that the antioxidant activity was better preserved compared to conventional ones even at higher microwave power levels. -
Optimization of antioxidant extraction and characterization of oil obtained by pressing cold from Vitis labrusca seeds Original Article
DALPOSSO, Pâmela Vanessa; AGUIAR, Caroline Mariana de; TORQUATO, Alex Sanches; TIUMAN, Tatiana Shioji; MARTIN, Clayton Antunes; ZARA, Ricardo Fiori; COTTICA, Solange MariaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to optimize the extraction solvents for Bordo grape (Vitis labrusca) seeds by response surface methodology regarding to the antioxidant activity (AA) and trans-resveratrol content. Fatty acids (FA) and AA of the oil obtained by pressing cold method were also determined. The extraction optimization was determined by the statistical simplex-centroid mixing scheme, enabling the analysis of solvents effects (water, ethanol and acetone) and their mixtures on the responses. AA was performed by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods, and by total phenolic compounds and flavonoids. FA were determined by GC and trans-resveratrol by HPLC. The extracts containing ternary fraction of solvents showed greater AA, increasing about 20 times compared to pure solvent. The composition that showed the best response ranged between 45-48% of water, 14-20% of ethanol and 35-38% of acetone for both grape seeds, with polarity ranged from 0.705 to 0.706. The oil from seeds showed high concentrations of PUFA, particularly linoleic acid. The optimized extraction method improved the use of this residue as a potential antioxidant source for food industry. -
Development of new types of combined meat products and dynamic changes depending of their indicators on various technological stages of production Original Article
SAFAR, Gadimova Natavan; ABDUL, Akhundova Nazila; AMIRKHAN, Babashli Aynur; NATIQ, Shahla YusifzadaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Currently, there is a deficiency of protein, vitamins, macro- and microelements in the diet of people. When processing and manufacturing meat, a large amount of co-products is obtained that have a high nutritional value, are a source of protein, minerals and vitamins, etc. Therefore, the rational use of co-products in the production of meat products is relevant in terms of solving the problem of the growing demand for protein. The article is devoted to the development of two new types of sausages. Based on the research results, a recipe for two new types of meat products has been developed using liver and carrots. In the finished meat products, organoleptic indicators, pH, moisture, ash, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, sodium nitrite were determined. It was revealed that at the technological stages of the manufacture of meat products, biochemical processes occur that determine a decrease in the level of amino acids, the content of proteins, fats, vitamins, etc. The qualitative and quantitative composition of free and bound amino acids of proteins of meat products is determined, their usefulness in relation to essential and limiting amino acids, the content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, etc. is indicated. -
Physicochemical, Rheological, & Sensory Characteristics of Yogurt Fortified with Ball-Milled Roasted Chickpea Powder (Cicer arietinum L.) Original Article
RAZA, Husnain; AMEER, Kashif; ZAABOUL, Farah; SHOAIB, Muhammad; ZHAO, Chang-Cheng; ALI, Barkat; SHAHZAD, Muhammad Talha; ABID, Muhammad; REN, Xiaofeng; ZHANG, LianfuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study was aimed at evaluation of effects of ball-milled roasted chickpea (RC) powder on physicochemical, rheological and sensorial properties of yogurt supplemented with RC levels of 1 (RCY1), 2 (RCY2), 3 (RCY3), 4 (RCY4), and 5 g/100 mL (RCY5). Results showed a gradual decline in the pH of pre-inoculated samples with corresponding increases in powder concentration from 1 to 5 g/ 100 mL. Degrees of lightness and yellowness increased in supplemented samples as compared to control (RCY0). Higher firmness was exhibited by RCY3 and RCY5 samples in the range of 59.39-78.56 g. RCY3 showed the highest consistency value (1480.214 g/s). Overall, the syneresis was significantly lower (p<0.05) in supplemented samples as compared to control. The addition levels of more than 3% RC resulted in smoother and more gradual dispersive patterns of particles, and RCY4 showed the most prominent polydispersity and resembled RCY5. Comparatively, supplemented samples exhibited a significantly lower degree of shear-thinning as compared to control samples. RCY5 showed the maximum texture score among all supplemented samples, and supplemented samples showed comparable sensory attributes to those of control samples. It was evident from this study that RC powder can be employed as a functional food ingredient in yogurt production. -
Ameliorative effects of phosphorylated peptide from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) against H2O2-induced damage in MC3T3-E1 cells Original Article
WANG, Shanshan; ZHOU, Deqing; LIN, HaiyanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Phosphorylated peptide from Antarctic krill (P-AKP) was prepared by the dry-heating method with sodium pyrophosphate in order to improve its antioxidant activity and osteogenic activity. P-AKP exhibited more competitive DPPH• and OH• scavenging activities compared to the native Antarctic krill peptide (AKP). In hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage of MC3T3-E1 cells, both AKP and P-AKP pretreatment could dose-dependently improve superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities through attenuating the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Moreover, AKP and P-AKP prevented oxidative stress-induced down regulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization. Particularly, the promoting effects of P-AKP on the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, differentiation and mineralization was higher than that of AKP. These results suggested that phosphorylation might be a promising approach to improve the antioxidant and osteogenic activity of AKP, and P-AKP could be a beneficial agent for attenuating oxidative stress-related bone loss. -
Gross composition of raw camel’s milk produced in Turkey Original Article
KARAMAN, Ayse Demet; YILDIZ AKGÜL, Filiz; ÖĞÜT, Serdal; SEÇİLMİŞ CANBAY, Hale; ALVAREZ, ValenteResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The composition and quality of goat milk is determined, but there is no similar studies on Turkish camel’s milk. Raw camel’s milk was collected from one-humped camels at a farm in western Turkey and evaluated for its physicochemical components and microbial properties. The dispersion of chemical composition values were found to be at similar levels in this study. However, they were lower than small amounts of monosaccharides such as fructose and glucose. Also, the camel’s milk was found to be a good source of zinc and vitamin C. The levels of yeast, mold, and coliform bacteria in the camel’s milk samples were low. Gas liquid chromatography analysis of milk fat showed that the predominant fatty acids were C16:0, C18:1, C14:0, C16:1 and C18:0. Saturated fatty acids average content was 59.33% and unsaturated fatty acids content was 40.74% of total fatty acids with low (2.12) atherogenic index (AI). The ratio of unsaturated/saturated acid (0.69%) was more favorable in these samples of Turkish camel’s milk compared with that of cow’s or goat’s milk as well as some other camel’s milk studies. The study’s results suggest that environmental and geographic conditions where camels are raised may cause variation in the composition of raw camel’s milk. -
Three DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from Antarctic krill protein hydrolysate improve glucose levels in the zebrafish model of diabetes Original Article
JI, Wei; ZHANG, Chaohua; SONG, Cai; JI, HongwuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Ala-Pro (AP), Ile-Pro-Ala (IPA) and Ile-Pro-Ala-Val-Phe (IPAVF) as DPP-IV inhibitory peptides were purified from Antarctic krill protein hydrolysate (AKH). Diabetic zebrafish model was rapidly induced with combination of high glucose immersing and cholesterol diet for evaluation the three DPP-IV inhibitory peptides activity. Physiochemical indexes including DPP-IV activity, glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol; the relative gene (insa, glucagon and pck1) expressions levels were detected. The results showed that after 15 days of peptides treatment, the physiochemical index levels of peptide groups were significantly higher than that of negative control and showed dose-dependent effect. The insa gene expression level would be increased with the enhancement of peptide concentration, whereas gene expression levels of glucagon and pck1 would be decreased. These results indicated that three peptides all had hypoglycemic effects in different degree. It suggested the potential of AKH containing DPP-IV inhibitory peptides could be as functional food supplement to treat diabetes. -
Effect of AI deep learning techniques on possible complications and clinical nursing quality of patients with coronary heart disease Original Article
ZHANG, Pengbo; XU, FenResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To analyze the effect of AI deep learning techniques on understanding possible complications and improving clinical nursing quality of patients with coronary heart disease. The clinical data of 182 patients with coronary heart disease who received treatment were collected, among which 80 patients received routine nursing management only during hospitalization, set as the control group; AI deep learning techniques were applied to the other 102 patients During treatment and nursing, the incidence of related complications in the control group was higher than that in the observation group, and the average hospitalization time of the patients was longer than that in the observation group. In the observation group, AI deep learning techniques were applied to predict the incidence of complications of coronary heart disease in 14 patients, with an accuracy rate of 87.50% (14/16) and an error rate of 12.50% (2/16). Both the clinical nursing quality and patients’ satisfaction score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the overall nursing satisfaction rate of the patients was higher. Applied in prediction of possible complications of hospitalized patients with coronary heart disease, AI deep learning techniques were of high accuracy rate. -
Effects of high-fat diet on growth and depression-like behavior of prenatal stress offspring rats Original Article
HUA, Qing; CHEN, Hang; DAI, Aiying; WU, Qi; MU, Yingjun; BIAN, Shaodong; WANG, Liang; LU, YongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on body length, weight and depression-like behavior of prenatal stress (PS) offspring rats. PS rat model was established by restraint stress. Sucrose preference and forced swimming tests were performed. Moreover, the effects of HFD on the growth and depression-like behavior in offspring rats were observed. Length of male and female HF group was significantly longer than that control, but length of male PS+HF group was significantly shorter than HF group. Body weight of male and female HF group was significantly higher than control, and body weight of male PS+HF group was significantly lower than HF group. No significant differences were observed in length between female PS +HF and HF groups. Compared with male PS+HF group, growth rate of male HF group was significantly higher. Moreover, HFD could reduce sucrose preference, and prolong immobility time of PS offspring rats. HFD can promote weight gain of male and female normal offspring rats. PS can partially inhibit effects of HFD on weight gain of PS male offspring rats, but exert no significant effects on PS female offspring rats. HFD can aggravate PS-induced depression-like behavior in offspring rats. -
Identification of chemical constituents from fruit of Antidesma bunius by GC-MS and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS Original Article
YELLIANTTY, Yelliantty; KARTASASMITA, Rahmana Emran; SURANTAATMADJA, Slamet Ibrahim; RUKAYADI, YayaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Antidesma bunius is an edible berry fruit with many benefits, such as natural antimicrobials, anticancer, natural dyes, etc. However, data on chemical content in the fruit is still limited. The purpose of this research is to identify volatile compounds of Antidesma bunius fruit. We extracted and analyzed the A. bunius fruit’s chemical content using GC-MS and HPLC–DAD-ESI-MS methods. Forty-nine compounds representing 99.91% of the total chromatogram’s relative peak area were detected. Antidesma bunius is rich in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and ten other compounds with relative peak area >1%, such as furaldehyde, citric acid and others. We also found 109 compounds tentatively identified through HPLC–DAD-ESI-MS. Antidesma bunius contained HMF, several volatile compounds, organic acid, long-chain fatty acid, and photochromic compound. -
Association between XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism and esophageal cancer susceptibility in China: a meta-analysis based on 12 case-control studies Original Article
MA, Jinguo; ZHANG, Bing; ZHANG, Shuanglong; GUAN, Zhihui; SUN, Bin; CHANG, XiaojingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Many studies have analyzed the relation about xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) Lys751Gln polymorphism on esophageal cancer risk; however, the results were inconclusive. The present study was designed to assess the relationship in China. We searched the relevant articles from the databases of PubMed, Springer Link, Ovid, Chinese Wanfang Database, CNKI and Chinese Biology Medicine up to December 2019. An OR with the corresponding 95%CI was adopted to evaluate this association. This meta-analysis included 12 studies with 4195 esophageal cancer cases and 4762 controls. Overall, a positive association between XPD Lys751Gln and esophageal cancer risk was found in all the analysis model (Gln vs. Lys, OR= 1.26, 95% CI= 1.14-1.44; Gln/Gln vs. Lys/Lys, OR= 1.73, 95% CI= 1.29-2.31; Gln/Gln vs. Lys/Lys + Asp/Asn, OR= 1.63, 95% CI= 1.22-2.18; Gln/Gln+ Asp/Asn vs. Lys/Lys, OR= 1.25, 95% CI= 1.13-1.39). Subgroup analyses by geographic area and source of controls were further conducted; there was no substantial change in subgroup analyses. Our study suggested that XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism could increase the risk of esophageal cancer in China. Further studies in other ethnic populations are wanted to confirm these conclusions. -
Bacterial inactivation mechanism of SC-CD and TEO combinations in watermelon and melon juices Original Article
ERKMEN, OsmanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Inactivation mechanism of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CD) combination with Thymbra spicata essential oil (TEO) treatments on bacteria in tryptone soy broth (TSB) and juices was investigated. Salmonella Typhimurium was significantly inactivated by 3.45 and 5.55 logs after SC-CD+TEO treatment of TBS for 35 min at 7.6 and 10.13 MPa respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed higher resistance to treatments than other two bacteria and Escherichia coli showed higher resistance to treatments than S. Typhimurium. Approximately 5.27, 4.68 and 3.82 logs inactivation of S. Typhimurium, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were obtained in the treatment of watermelon juice with SC-CD+TEO at 10.13 MPa after 35 min, while 6.89, 4.82 and 4.55 logs inactivated, respectively, were observed in melon juice. Research indicated that the inactivation mechanism involves inducing cell damage, increasing membrane permeability, increasing cell rupture, precipitation of cytoplasmic contents, extracting cellular substances and lysing cells. Different sensitivities of Gram-negative bacteria to the treatments may be attributed to the differences in the cell structure, compositions of membrane and presence of capsule, pressure level and exposure time. pH, total soluble solid and browning degree of juice did not significantly change after treatments and during 7 days of storage. -
Food supplier selection in the catering industry using the analytic hierarchy process Original Article
İKİNCİ, Merve; TİPİ, TolgaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Choosing the right supplier is vital as it helps to achieve high-quality products at relatively lower costs on the one hand and increases profitability by increasing customer satisfaction on the other. Cost alone is not enough in the supplier selection process. Managers should also consider other criteria such as quality, reliability, crisis management, green product simultaneously. Supplier selection is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem involving both qualitative and quantitative criteria. This study uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is one of the MCDM methods. The aims of this study are to determine the most essential supplier selection criteria in the catering industry and to choose the most suitable supplier. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to identify the supplier selection criteria and conducted with 30 experts. Based on the identified criteria by the experts, six experienced supply chain managers from six different catering firms were invited to complete the pair-wise comparison survey. Finally, the supplier with the highest overall score, using the seven highest-ranked criteria, have been selected from the three alternatives. This study concludes that the most critical criterion is crisis management. Cost is relatively less critical criterion in the catering industry. -
Imaging features and clinic value of mri and ct in diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma Original Article
YANG, Zhongjie; LI, Ming; GUO, Aiju; LIANG, Yonghui; FANG, PengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the imaging features and clinic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). 139 RCC patients underwent MRI and CT examination before surgery, and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values of MRI and CT in diagnosing ccRCC were analyzed and compared. There were 93 true-positive, 11 false-positive, 11 false-negative and 24 true-negative in MRI screening with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 89.42%, 68.57%, 84.17%, 89.42% and 68.57% respectively. Whereas there were 72 true-positive, 4 false-positive, 32 false-negative and 31 true-negative in CT screening with the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 69.23%, 88.57%, 74.10%, 94.74% and 49.21% respectively. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of MRI were better than those of CT, while the specificity of CT was better than that of MRI. MRI and CT have respective advantages in the diagnosis of ccRCC. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of MRI are superior to those of CT, while the specificity of CT is superior to that of MRI. Clinically, different examinations are selected according to different situations. -
Effect of ozone treatment on physicochemical parameters and ethylene biosynthesis inhibition in Guichang Kiwifruit Original Article
CAO, Sen; MENG, Lingshuai; MA, Chao; BA, Liangjie; LEI, Jiqing; JI, Ning; WANG, RuiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To determine whether ozone can regulate fruit ripening and delay fruit aging, Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa 'Guichang') was fumigated with different ozone concentrations (100 μL/L, 200 μL/L, 300 μL/L) for 3 h, stored at 1 °C and 85 ± 5% RH for three months, and then matured at 20 °C and 85% RH for 12 days. Compared with controls, the optimal concentration of ozone delayed kiwifruit ripening during cold storage by delaying the respiratory burst that precedes fruit decay. Consequently, fruit firmness, nutrient content, and enzyme activity remained stable; the expression of AdACS1 and AdACO1 as well as the activity of ACC synthetase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) was downregulated, whereby ACC and MACC were accumulated. In addition, ozone-treated fruit showed significantly reduced infection with grey mold. The effect of ozone on kiwifruit at 200 μL/L was the best suited for delaying fruit senescence, maintaining high quality during storage and fruit ripening compared with other fruits. Overall, our study indicated that ozone may play a major residual role in the physiological process of fruit ripening; furthermore, ozone can affect ethylene biosynthesis and fruit changes associated with endogenous ethylene production. -
Therapeutic potential of hydrolysable tannin on weight management oxidative stress and reproductive health in polycystic rats Original Article
MANZOOR, Faiza; UN NISA, Mahr; HUSSAIN, Hafiz Amjad; ANWAR, Haseeb; AHMAD, Nazir; UMBREEN, HumaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Phytonutrients get attention now days due to their wide application and their tendency to improve the productive and reproductive performance in humans. Hydrolysable tannin (HT) is one of these bionutrients. The present study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of HT on the induced polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in rats. Forty-five adult female rats with 4 to 5 days regular estrous cycle were selected. The PCOS was induced by a single intramuscular injection of Estradiol Valerate 4 mg/rat/kg. The rats were offered 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% of HT/kg body weight through oral gavage for two months. The results had shown a reduction (p<0.05) in average feed intake, body weight and weight gain, total oxidative stress and nutrient digestibility in PCOS rats. Similar reduction trend (p<0.05) in serum luteinizing hormone and insulin was observed; while serum follicular stimulating hormone, serum prolactin and total antioxidant capacity were improved (p<0.05). The ovarian histopathology showed no signs of reduction in cystic follicles while no improvement was observed in healthy follicles. The study concluded that the treatment with 1.5% level of HT had shown the best therapeutic potential for weight management, reduction of oxidative stress and improvement in reproductive health of PCOS rats. -
Drying and cooking effects on the final quality of pea grains (Pisum sativum L.) varieties Original Article
PANTOJA ESPINOSA, Dario Camilo; RODRÍGUEZ CORTINA, Jader; HERNÁNDEZ CARRIÓN, María; OSORIO MORA, OswaldoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Genetic and process factors influence the final quality of dried pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.), particularly the physical properties and the proximal composition. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of air-drying temperature (45, 50, 55 and 60 °C) and cooking on physical and the proximal composition in two pea varieties (“Obonuco Andina” and “Sureña”). The physical properties and the proximal composition were determined for the best drying treatment. All pea samples were dried until a final moisture content ≤ 15% (w.b) was reached. The results showed that the drying temperature had a statistically significant effect on the final quality of both pea varieties. The treatment at 55 °C was determined to be the most suitable because it did not present any testa detachment or generate off-flavors. -
Biotechnological production of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) using porungo cheese whey Original Article
BOLOGNESI, Lais Saldanha; GABARDO, Sabrina; DALL CORTIVO, Paulo Roberto; AYUB, Marco Antônio ZáchiaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The bioconversion of porungo cheese whey into galactooligosaccharides (GOS) was investigated using immobilized β-galactosidase in batch system. Two enzymatic immobilization strategies were tested for optima pH and temperature and the best immobilization strategy was used to evaluate the GOS production in two steps. First, different lactose sources (substrates) were tested, and subsequently, different concentrations of porungo cheese whey (200 g L-1 and 400 g L-1) and temperatures (37 °C to 46 °C) were evaluated. Immobilization of β-galactosidase increased the range of operational pH (7.0-7.5) when immobilized in calcium-alginate support. However, the pH range decreased when the immobilization was conducted using calcium-Concanavalin A support. Batch reactions using the calcium-alginate immobilized biocatalyst produced the highest yields of GOS (63.2%) from porungo cheese whey, compared to the control substrate of lactose solution at concentration of 50 g L-1 (41.1%). The temperature of 46 °C and 400 g L-1 of substrate shown the better condition to GOS production, with lactose conversion of 61.4%. These results suggest the possible use of porungo cheese whey as substrate in the biotechnological production of GOS. -
Microbial diversity analysis of vineyard son the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain region using high-throughput sequencing Original Article
XUE, Bei; YU, Jiajun; ZHANG, Jiachen; HAO, Feike; ZHANG, Xiaomeng; DONG, Jianhui; SUN, Jinyuan; XUE, JieResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, Illumina MiSeq was used to investigate the microbial diversity ofwine grapes and soil from three vineyards indifferent localities on the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain in Ningxia, China. The results of 26 samples showed thatthere were 4 fungal phyla with 1107 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 11 bacterial phyla with 4630 OTUs. At the genus level, the dominant fungi in the grapes included Aspergillus, Alternaria, Exobasidum, Aureobasidium, and Cladosporium, while the dominant fungi in the soil included Gibberella, Gliomastix, Coprinellus, Fusarium, and Chaetomium, Chryseobacterium, Mesorhizobium, Pseudomonas, Microbacterium and Acinetobacter were the dominant bacteria in the grapes, while Arthrobacter, Pontibacter, Massilia, Skermanella, and Candiatus-Nitrosocosmicus were the dominant bacteria in the soil. Principal component analysis showed that the microbial diversity differed in the three vineyards from different geographical locations. This study provides a theoretical basis for the utilization and development of the characteristic microorganisms in vineyards. -
Effect of heat treatment on starch granule structure and nutrient content of germinated purple rice Original Article
KHANTARATE, Sakaewan; THEANJUMPOL, Parichat; KRITTIGAMAS, Nattasak; SURIYONG, SangtiwaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of heat treatments on milling quality and some nutrients of germinated glutinous purple rice; we performed an experiment in a 3x2 factorial design with three replications. The first factors were three heating methods, namely; baking (80, 100 °C) and steaming (100 °C), and the second factors were two heating periods (15 and 30 min). Dried germinated rice was used as control. Heating method and duration as well as their interactions, significantly affected the milling quality and anthocyanin extraction (P < 0.05). Steaming at 100 °C for 30 min significantly increased head rice (73.4%), while baking at 100 °C for 30 min resulted in the highest amount of broken rice (42.3%). These method also maintained the GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) content of the rice, while anthocyanin extraction was decreased from 52.1 to 29.9 mg•g-1. Heating at 80 °C for 30 min, 100 °C for 10 and 20 min and 125 °C resulted in a higher free radical scavenging ability when compared to unheated rice. -
Chemical structure and antioxidant activity of cephalopod skin ommochrome pigment extracts Original Article
ESPARZA-ESPINOZA, Dania Marisol; SANTACRUZ-ORTEGA, Hisila del Carmén; CHAN-HIGUERA, Jesús Enrique; CÁRDENAS-LÓPEZ, José Luis; BURGOS-HERNÁNDEZ, Armando; CARBONELL-BARRACHINA, Ángel A.; EZQUERRA-BRAUER, Josafat MarinaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Significant opportunities exist in the use of seafood by-products to create new beneficial products. Moreover, cephalopod skin is a good source of bioactive compounds. The present study compares the chemical structure properties and antioxidant activity of pigments extracted from the skin of Octopus vulgaris (OVS) and Dosidicus gigas (DGS) with methanol-HCl (T1) and ethanol-HCl (T2). The solubility and spectroscopic analysis (UV-Vis and 1H NMR) indicated that extracted pigments belonged to the ommochrome family. Xanthommatin, dihydroxanthommatin, and kynurenine compounds were identified in the extracts using correlated homonuclear spectroscopy (COSY). The results showed that OVS yielded a higher recovery rate of pigments with antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) than DGS in both solvents. T1 extracted the highest level of antioxidant pigments. The kynurenine proportion and proton peaks observed at 3.0-5.0 ppm (amino-aromatics) in the 1H NMR spectra may explain the differences in antioxidant activity of OVS and DGS. -
Mango peel flour and potato peel flour as bioactive ingredients in the formulation of functional yogurt Original Article
PÉREZ-CHABELA, María de Lourdes; CEBOLLÓN-JUÁREZ, Alejandra; BOSQUEZ-MOLINA, Elsa; TOTOSAUS, AlfonsoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In recent years, agro-industrial by-products derived from processing and consumption mainly of fruits have become an important source of bioactive products, as fiber with or without prebiotic potential, and polyphenols with antioxidant activity against free radicals. In this research the chemical composition, including dietary fiber, besides polyphenols and TEAC, mean growth rate and mean duplication time, and prebiotic activity score of mango peel flour and potato peel flour were determined to evaluate the feasibility as functional ingredient in yogurt. Yogurt formulated with mango peel flour presented lower syneresis and higher viscosity during storage, as compared to yogurts with potato peel flour or control yogurt. Higher titratable acidity and lower pH was the reflect of the prebiotic capacity of both peel flours, with no detrimental effect on consumer acceptance. Mango peel flour and potato peel flour, with a prebiotic capacity potential due their dietary fiber content and polyphenols content, can be employed as prebiotic to improve probiotics colonization of gastrointestinal tract, with a concomitantly effect on host health. -
Quality of fresh-cut apples as affected by dip wash treatments with organic acids and acidic electrolyzed water Original Article
PLESOIANU, Alina M.; NOUR, Violeta; TUTULESCU, Felicia; IONICA, Mira E.Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dipping in solutions of citric (2%), benzoic (0.2%), sorbic (0.2%) and ascorbic (0.5%) acids and in acidic electrolyzed water on the quality attributes and surface microbiota of fresh-cut apples, cvs ‘Florina’ and ‘Ionathan’, packaged in disposable plastic containers under normal atmospheric conditions during 14 days storage at 8 °C. The colour, firmness, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and surface microbial load were determined weekly throughout storage. The colour results indicated that acidic electrolyzed water reduced browning while the ascorbic and citric acids were less effective in controlling the enzymatic browning of fresh-cut apples. After 14 days of refrigerated storage, the samples treated with 2% citric acid and acidic electrolyzed water maintained significantly higher firmness, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity than the other treated and control samples. The microbiological analysis revealed that organic acids successfully suppressed bacterial growth throughout the storage period as compared to the control samples. The sorbic and benzoic acids at 0.2% were also effective on yeasts but these dip treatments determined a higher darkening, yellowing and loss of firmness and of antioxidant activity during storage. -
Assessment of rheological and quality characteristics of bread made by the addition of ginger powder in wheat flour Original Article
AMJAD, Adnan; SOHAIB, Muhammad; NAWAZ, Haq; JAVED, Muhammad Sameem; SHAH, Mohibullah; SHAH, Faiz-Ul-Hassan; TARIQ, Muhammad Rizwan; SAJID, Muhammad Wasim; KHAN, Ammar Ahmed; BILAL, Muhammad; USMAN, Haseeb; AHMAD, Muhammad; AHMAD, Talal MajeedResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a bread enriched with varying level of ginger powder. Ginger powder incorporated in white flour at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% level to get a bread enriched with antioxidants and good rheological and sensorial properties. Total phenolic content (TPC) was gradually decreased with increasing percentage of ginger powder and maximum inhibition of DPPH was recorded (47.23%) at 2% supplemented sample. Texture of supplemented bread samples was increased in terms of hardness, gumminess and chewiness as compared to control sample. Mineral contents increased in each sample with increasing percentage of ginger powder such as Na (451.69 mg/kg), Ca (127.32 mg/kg), K (427.61 mg/kg), Fe (15.19 mg/kg), Zn (7.04 mg/kg) and Cu (3.47 mg/kg) respectively. However, showed worst results regarding rheological properties with hard dough structure. Among studied samples, a range of 2-4% ginger powder presented high antioxidants with better rheological characteristics compared with control samples. -
Seasonal influence on centesimal composition and yield of Amazonian fish Original Article
BARAI, Alexandre Augusto; SOUZA, Antônio Fábio Lopes de; VIANA, Adriana Pontes; INHAMUNS, Antônio JoséResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate meat yield and centesimal composition of the Amazonian fish species, A. ocellatus, P. castelnaeana, and L. friderici, in the dry and flood seasonal cycles of rivers. In each seasonal cycle (flood and dry), a total of 60 fish were collected, comprising 20 specimens of each of the following species: A. ocellatus, P. castelnaeana, and L. friderici. Were evaluated the meat yield, cuts yield and centesimal composition of the fish samples. Meat yield in the clean body cuts and skinless filet varied between species and hydrological period. The results showed that seasonal variation influenced the centesimal composition and yield of the species studied, with significant differences between the cuts produced during processing. These findings highlight the need to apply a variety of technological processes to ensure efficient use of these species throughout the year. The total waste represented more than 50% of the whole fish, and the head size was directly proportional to the amount of waste generated. These results underscore the importance of waste utilization for animal and/or human nutrition. -
Antibacterial mechanism of apple phloretin on physiological and morphological properties of Listeria monocytogenes Original Article
ZHAO, Pengtao; ZHANG, Ying; DENG, Hong; MENG, YonghongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Green bactericides are excellent strategies for reducing food spoilage. Phloretin was regarded as efficient, broad-spectrum and safe preservative, which showed enormous potential in food industry. Inhibitory mechanism of phloretin on Listeria monocytogenes was systematically elucidated through integrity of cell membrane, intracellular protein content, energy level, and nucleic acid morphological character. SEM and TEM results showed minimal injury of cell membrane, which was further proved by a leakage of potassium ions, ATP and little protein and nucleic acid. There were drastic reduction of intracellular or total protein and ATP compared to cell without phloretin treatment. However, the specific activity of hexokinase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were unaffected after phloretin treatment. From these results, we concluded that phloretin’s bacteriostatic mechanism is decreasing the intracellular protein content and energy level resulting from DNA aggregation. This finding was prospective to fully illustrate the phloretin’s mechanism and develop it into a natural preservative in food industry. -
A new bread formulation based on a partial substitution of soursop residues flour through Mixolab and a process mixture design Original Article
SAAVEDRA, Annel; ALMENDARIZ, Dominique; NAVARRETE, Danny; VERNAZA, María GabrielaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Ecuador has one of the highest soursop productions worldwide; however, as this fruit represents a promising market to the country, its organic waste is becoming a major problem. The aim of the study was to use the Mixolab to predict the quality of wheat flour partially substituted by soursop residues flour for bread making. The experiment was performed through a process mixture design; 21 premixes were made, and 10 significant variables were chosen. Using a desirability function, three criteria were optimized: 1) to maximize the use of soursop residues flour (SRF) (20% SRF substitution), 2) to form a loaf with strong gluten network characteristics (5% SRF substitution), and 3) to form a loaf with weak gluten network characteristics (13.2% SRF substitution). Results showed with a 95% confidence level that the new formulation with strong gluten network characteristics, 5% soursop residue flour and 95% wheat flour, was statistically equal to a control bread in moisture, pH and total ashes content. Additionally, an affective test was performed in order to identify the acceptability of the bread among potential consumers. -
Evaluation of factors responsible for waste and environmental impacts arising from the production of meals in food services Original Article
BULHÕES, Mario dos Santos; FONSECA, Maria da Conceição Pereira da; PEREIRA, Darlan Azevedo; MARTINS, Márcio A. F.Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract Food services establish an important link with the food production chain, not only from the economic point of view, but also associated with the environmental impacts resulting from their activities. This paper deals with an analyze of publications from 2009 to 2019 on factors responsible for waste generation and sustainability in food services. The results show that food waste occurs in a systematic and multifaceted way, requiring a broader and interdisciplinary approach, not only considering the measurement of waste, but also the complexity involved in the production and processing of collective meals. Finally, it is clear that a great part of the studies focuses on the generation of knowledge about the problem of waste and its quantification, evidencing a lack of studies aimed at the use and improvement of tools, techniques and methods concerning the identification and control of factors responsible for the generation of waste at its origin. These results contribute to the food science to emphasize the need for more assertive propositions to control and mitigation of food waste taking into account the total complexity involved in its generation in commercial and institutional food services. -
Proximate chemical composition and lipid profile of Indian mackerel fish Original Article
ALKURAIEEF, Amal Nassir; ALSUHAIBANI, Amnah Mohammed; ALSHAWI, Amal Hassan; ALJAHANI, Amani Hamzah; ALJOBAIR, Moneera Othman; ALBARIDI, Najla AbdullahResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Fish and fish products of the most available protein sources for human beings. Indian mackerel is the most available and economic fish sold in markets in different countries and is included in many local dishes. Indian mackerel are characterized by dark muscles because of the high contents of myoglobin and lipids. This study aims to investigate the chemical composition, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents, and fatty acid fractions in Indian mackerel muscle. Indian mackerel (R. kanagurta) were purchased from the central fish market in Jizan, which is caught from the port of Jizan, Saudi Arabia. The samples were analyzed to estimate the proximate chemical composition, Lipid Fractions, and Fatty acid analyses from Indian mackerel. In this study, revealed that moisture, protein, and fat are the main constituents of Indian mackerel. The Indian mackerel contained high and comparable levels of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, and the different samples exhibited somewhat similar fatty acid contents. Among unsaturated fatty acids, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was higher than that of monounsaturated fatty acids, and those with the highest levels in Indian mackerel were palmitoleic, palmitic, myristic, oleic, 15-tetracosenoic, linolenic, and stearic acids in addition to docosanoic, eicosanoic, 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentanoic, and 11-eicosenoic pentadecanoic acids. We conclude Indian mackerel is a rich source of protein and lipids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are the main constituents of lipids, which exert positive effects on the body by providing the main nutrients and preventing disease in the consumer. -
Hydrogen peroxide regulated salicylic acid– and jasmonic acid–dependent systemic defenses in tomato seedlings Original Article
ZHANG, Yun-feng; ZHOU, Hai-ying; TANG, Yu-ling; LUO, Yu-ming; ZHANG, Zhu-yiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the regulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in SA- and JA-dependent systemic defense pathways in tomato seedlings damaged by cotton bollworm. The lower two leaves of four-leaf tomato plant seedlings were treated with cotton bollworms. The upper leaves were then removed at various time points and assessed for systemic changes in H2O2 levels, enzyme activity and defense-related genes expression. Wild-type seedlings, def-5 mutant seedlings (deficient in JA accumulation) and transgenic nahG seedlings(deficient in SA content) were constructed at four-leaf stage. Wild-type plants were further treated with dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester (DHC). Bollworm feeding in the lower leaves induced rapid systemic accumulation of H2O2 in the upper leaves. H2O2 accumulation further increased activities for SA- and JA-dependent enzymes including proteinase inhibitors (PIs), pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR-1), cathepsin D inhibitor (CDI), β-1,3-glucanse (BGL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Furthermore, H2O2 accumulation enhanced mRNA expression of BGL-2, PR-1, PI, CDI and PPO genes. Suppression of H2O2 accumulation using H2O2 scavengers substantially diminished these effects. mRNA expression of PR-1 was not induced in transgenic nahG plants. SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways are involved in the tomato systemic defense responses to herbivores, and that H2O2 generation is required for both systemic pathways. -
Effect of frozen storage and hydrocolloids on structural and rheological properties of frozen roti dough supplemented with rice bran Original Article
MUADIAD, Khanittha; SIRIVONGPAISAL, PiyaratResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study investigated the effect of addition of hydrocolloids (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose: HPMC, and xanthan) and frozen storage on the structure and rheological properties of frozen roti dough supplemented with rice bran. The roti dough was frozen by air blast freezing and stored at -18 °C for 84 days. Changes in the protein structure of the frozen roti dough with HPMC produced greater changes in the gluten network and random coil conformations than that of the xanthan supplemented dough during frozen storage. The resistance to extension and the elastic modulus of the frozen roti dough with HPMC tended to decrease while the extensibility slightly increased with a longer frozen storage time. However, these parameters did not change in the frozen roti dough with xanthan. The freezable water in the frozen roti dough with HPMC and xanthan significantly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing frozen storage time from 0 to 84 days. -
Optimization of cupcake formulation by replacement of wheat flour with different levels of eggplant fiber using response surface methodology Original Article
MIRANI, Arghavan; GOLI, MohammadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to design and produce optimal formula of cupcakes containing eggplant fiber by surface response methodology (RSM). The wheat flour replaced with eggplant fiber in five levels, 0-40%, whole-egg and sugar were set at the same time, 55-75% and 70-90% based on (wheat-flour + eggplant-fiber) weight, respectively. Considering the most important textural properties (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness), density, weight, and also by mean comparisons with Duncan's test at the level of 5% significance, optimal formulas include: formula (a) (12% eggplant-fiber, 71% whole-egg, 70% sugar) and formula (b): (8% eggplant-fiber, 57% whole-egg, 70% sugar) were appropriately suggested. Chemical properties of the optimal formulas including, protein, fat, carbohydrate, moisture, insoluble ash in acid and calorie were calculated and compared with the blank. Using of the eggplant-fiber in cupcake formulation caused calorie reduction and increased its nutritional value. Formula (b), in terms of many factors, demonstrated similarity to the blank. The eggplant-fiber had an impact on all of the textural properties except springiness. The impacts of whole-egg content on springiness, chewiness and density are also remarkable. Sugar content will be shown in weight differences and is expressed as one of the most effective variables on sample weight. -
Degradation kinetics of anthocyanin, flavonoid, and total phenol in bignay (Antidesma bunius) fruit juice during ohmic heating Original Article
HARDINASINTA, Gemala; MURSALIM, Mursalim; MUHIDONG, Junaedi; SALENGKE, SalengkeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The effect of ohmic heating on bioactive compounds in bignay (Antidesma bunius) fruit juice during ohmic heating were evaluated. The parameters measured were total phenol, anthocyanin, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity. Ohmic heating was conducted at 70, 90, and 110 °C, and samples were collected at heating times of 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes. Electrical conductivity of bignay fruit juice increased linearly with temperature with values ranged from 0.012 S/m at 32 °C to 0.039 S/m at 110 °C. Insignificant change in total phenol was observed, while anthocyanin and flavonoid showed significant degradation and the degradation kinetics followed the first-order kinetic model. The degradation rate constants for anthocyanin ranged from 0.0016 to 0.0213 min-1 with activation energy (Ea) of 63.880 kJ/mol and the degradation rate constants for flavonoid were in the range of 0.0107 to 0.0209 min-1 with activation energy of 18.210 kJ/mol. Antioxidant activities (IC50) obtained from DPPH method ranged from 0.106-0.168 mg/mL while those obtained from ABTS method ranged from 0.131-0.161 mg/mL. The results indicate that anthocyanin and total phenol in bignay fruit juice is much more stable during heating compared to flavonoid. -
Assessment of structure and sensory characteristics of reduced fat yoghurt manufactured with carob bean gum polysaccharides Original Article
AYDINOL SONMEZ, Pinar; OZCAN, TulayResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In recent years, since excess adiposity is thought to be responsible for the development of chronic diseases, many ingredients have been developed for the specific purpose of fat replacement in functional dairy foods. Carob bean gum (CBG) is widely used in food systems to modify quality attributes and shelf-life as thickening and gelling agents. Objective of this study was to develop reduced fat (12%) and low fat (6%) yoghurt using CBG as a carbohydrate based fat replacer. The results revealed that the addition of CBG increased the textural and sensory attributes of reduced fat yoghurts. In this present study, the textural properties such as firmness, and stickiness of yoghurt samples were significantly higher in the low fat yoghurt (6%, T5) with CBG, and yellowness index was increased in low fat (6%, T3 and T5) yoghurts. The addition of CBG to reduced fat and low fat yoghurts (T4, T5) improved the sensory properties and acceptance index. -
The quality characteristics of dough and toast bread prepared with wheat flour containing different levels of Portulaca oleracea leaf powder Original Article
SADEGHZADEH BENAM, Natali; GOLI, Mohammad; SEYEDAIN ARDEBILI, Seyed Mahdi; VAEZSHOUSHTARI, NiloufarResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Rheological characteristics, i.e., farinograph and extensograph test in dough, specific-volume, hardness, sensory-properties, and the physicochemical-properties of toast-bread containing four levels (0-15%) of Portulaca oleracea leaf-powder (PLP) based on flour weight were determined. The water absorption and development-time of the dough sample increased with the addition of PLP. The increase in the PLP content in the dough sample from 10% to 15% showed significant differences in dough-stability. The energy and extensibility of dough increased for 5 and 10% and then decreased for 15% PLP substitution levels at dough resting time 45, 90, and 135 minutes after production. The specific-volume decreased and the pressure force reversely increased stepwise by 5 up to 15% dosage. Sensory-evaluation indicated that 10% of PLP in the bread is the most acceptable-level, more enriched-bread variants were less acceptable mainly owing to having less significant colour and sensory indices (p < 0.05), meanwhile dough water-absorption and specific-volume had no significant difference compared to less enriched bread samples (p > 0.05). As expected, the colour changed, too, from light brown (the control) to dark green (for 15% the PLP in bread). The moisture, dietary-fiber, protein, ash, and fat content significantly increased in the toast-bread, reflecting the enhancement levels. -
The effects of beetroot powder as a colorant on the color stability and product quality of white compound chocolate and chocolate spread Original Article
BAYCAR, Abdullah; KONAR, Nevzat; GOKTAS, Hamza; SAGDIC, Osman; POLAT, Derya GençResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study determines the possibility of using spread (SC) and compound chocolate (CC) as delivering agents of betalains, bioactive compounds and coloring agents. Therefore, the effects of various beetroot powder concentrations (0.0-1.00 g/100 g) on SC and CC’s quality parameters and the associated visual properties over a 12-week period under accelerated shelf-life conditions were investigated. The hardness and plastic viscosity values of CC significantly increased as the amount of beetroot powder increased (P<0.05), the particle size while melting behavior, water activity, moisture content and sensory properties did not significantly change (P<0.05). The D90 and textural properties (firmness, stickiness, adhesion, work of shear) of the SC samples were significantly affected with the addition of beetroot powder (P<0.05), but no significant differences were observed in moisture content, water activity and some sensory properties (P>0.05). The use of beetroot powder for both groups caused a significant decrease in the samples’ color values, and the redness associated with the pigment source also significantly increased (p<0.05). The findings revealed that high concentrations of beetroot powder did not significantly impact CC’s color stability to the same extent that it impacted the SC’s color stability. This study was made as a preliminary study to produce functional foods. -
Small scale market survey on the preparation and physico-chemical characterstics of moin-moin: a traditional ready-to-eat cowpea food from Brazil Original Article
CARDOSO, Lafaiete Almeida; GREINER, Ralf; SILVA, Cíntia de Santana; MACIEL, Leonardo Fonseca; SANTOS, Luis Fernandes Pereira; ALMEIDA, Deusdélia Teixeira deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Preparation practices and physicochemical characteristics of moin-moin commercialized in Salvador (Brazil) as a street food by typically clothed women called baianas de acarajé were studied. Four moin-moin samples were collected from each of the thirty sales points included in the study and analyzed for moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates, fiber, total carotenoids, weight, color and texture. The ingredients used for the preparation of moin-moin were as follows: grated dry shrimp heads (100.0%), grated onions (96.7%), salt (73.3%), Crude Palm Oil (53.3%) or Crude Palm Olein (46.7%) and garlic (16.7%). Peanut, codfish, cashew nuts, wheat flour, ginger and tomatoes are further ingredients frequently used. Texture analysis revealed that moin-moin is a soft, fragile and brittle food product. The content of total carotenoids ranged from 6.99 to 64.88 ppm with an average value of 28.49 ± 4.00 ppm, giving the product an ocher-orange/yellow-orange color. An average sized moin-moin ball (186.6 g) contained 14.08% protein, 13.08% lipids, 30.83% carbohydrates, 4.01% fiber and 297.42 kcal, corresponding to 18.77%, 23.78%, 10.28% and 14.87% of the daily requirements of an adult for protein, lipids, carbohydrates and energy, respectively. -
Development of fresh and dried noodle products with high resistant starch content from banana flour Original Article
TANGTHANANTORN, Jidapa; WICHIENCHOT, Santad; SIRIVONGPAISAL, PiyaratResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The functional properties, resistant starch (RS), and glycemic index (GI) of fresh noodles substituted with banana flour (BF) were investigated. When the substitution with BF was increased from 0 to 40%, the viscoelastic properties increased, while tensile strength and elasticity decreased from 53.23 to 26.84 gf and 44.65 to 15.04 mm, respectively. GI was reduced from 77.05 to 62.62 while RS content increased from 5.56 to 23.31%. This is considered a very high RS content and the modified noodles are classified as intermediate GI food. Furthermore, the effects of xanthan gum (XG), guar gum (GG), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) individually at 1.0% and 1.5% levels on quality of dried noodles substituted with 30% BF (DBF30) were investigated. DBF30 with XG had the shortest rehydration time (6.5 min), while DBF30 with CMC had the slowest rehydration (8.5 min). The added hydrocolloids increased rehydration and decreased the cooking loss of DBF30, also increasing tensile strength and elasticity of DBF30. Furthermore, the hydrocolloids increased RS content and reduced GI of DBF30. The results reveal that adding BF and hydrocolloids to noodle products provides high nutritional quality with enhanced quality characteristics. -
Optimization of extraction of defatted walnut powder by ultrasonic assisted and artificical neural network Original Article
XU, Xiajing; REN, Shumeng; WANG, Dongmei; MA, Jing; YAN, Xiaowei; GUO, Yongli; LIU, Xiaoqiu; PAN, YingniResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In order to obtain the extraction process of defatted walnut powder (DWP), an ultrasound-assisted extraction based on artificial neural network was established, and the activity of the extract was evaluated. The artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model different parameters, including the yield of extraction, the concentrations of glansreginin A and ellagic acid, and obtained the optimal extraction process: solvent to material ratio of 9.5 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 68%, extraction period of 55 min, and extraction three times. Then, the antioxidant scavenging ability of DWP obtained by ANN was compared with other extraction methods. The results showed that DWP extracted by artificial neural network demonstrated good activity in scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals. -
Production and quality of cheese and milk of goats fed with guava agroindustrial waste (Psidium guajava L.) Original Article
SANTOS, Wellington Farias dos; CRUZ, George Rodrigo Beltrão da; COSTA, Roberto Germano da; RIBEIRO, Neila Lidiany; BELTRÃO FILHO, Edvaldo Mesquita; SOUSA, Solange de; JUSTINO, Evandra da Silva; SANTOS, Daiane Gonçalves dosResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this study was carried out to evaluating the productive performance, the physical-chemical quality of the milk, the physical-chemical and sensorial quality of rennet cheeses obtained from the milk of goats submitted to diets with diferente levels of guava agroindustrial waste (GAW). The goats were randomly distributed in a Latin square (4x4) according to the substitution levels (0, 14, 28, and 42%) of inclusion GAW in the diet. The consumption of natural and dry matter increased with the increase in hay substitution. However, the physical-chemical requirements of milk and cheese were not altered. -
Identification of antioxidant bioactive compounds as potential functional food ingredient from kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum) by metabolomic approach Original Article
AMINUDIN, Aminudin; ANDARWULAN, Nuri; PALUPI, Nurheni Sri; ARIFIANTINI, Raden IisResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum) is traditionally believed as a food ingredient to increase the health of the reproductive. The specific bioactive compounds with antioxidant effect in this plant have not been reported before. The objective of this research was to identify the specific bioactive compounds as a source of functional food ingredients of Kebar grass (KG) which have antioxidant activity by using a metabolomic approach. Samples chemical profile (extract and fraction) used HPLC, followed by metabolomic analysis by OPLS. Chosen samples were isolated by TLC and then identified by UHPLC-MS/MS. Specific bioactive compounds were identified from chromatogram with putative identification by MZmine referring to online databases. The metabolomic result obtained ethyl acetate fraction (FEA) as the sample that most contributed to antioxidant activity. FEA identification result showed ten specific bioactive compounds that are thought to contribute to antioxidant agents. Two of the compounds were identified as caffeic acid and cassiaoccidentalin A, while the other eight compounds have not been identified. The finding of cassiaoccidentalin A in KG is a novel finding and can be used as a specific marker for petersianum species of Biophytum genus and as a source of functional food ingredients as antioxidant agents to improve reproductive health. -
Evaluation of physicochemical, nutritional, and organoleptic properties of nuggets based on moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves and giant catfish (Arius thalassinus) Original Article
SOLICHAH, Enny; IWANSYAH, Ade Chandara; PRAMESTI, Devry; DESNILASARI, Dewi; AGUSTINA, Wawan; SETIABOMA, Woro; HERMINIATI, AiniaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, nutritional, and organoleptic properties of nuggets based on Moringa oleifera leaves and Arius thalassinus. The ratio of the giant catfish and M. oleifera leaves were 100:0, 100:5, 100:10, and 100:15. The increase of M. oleifera leaves affected the characteristics of nugget products, viz., texture profile, protein, amino acids, cooking loss, and water holding capacity (WHC). Based on sensory tests, the four types of giant catfish nuggets with M. oleifera leaves did not differ significantly. Giant catfish nuggets and moringa leaves have the potential of being developed into products that can be consumed widely. -
Inactivation efficacy of 405 nm light emitting diodes (LEDs) on Salmonella Enteritidis at different illumination temperatures Original Article
KEYVAN, Erhan; KAHRAMAN, Hatice Ahu; TUTUN, Hidayet; DONMEZ, Soner; SEN, Erdi; DEMIRTAS, Ahu; AKYUZ, Ali OzhanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Salmonella Enteritidis is the major cause of foodborne salmonellosis affecting human health. The light emitting diodes (LEDs) is a novel approach to inactivate of the foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of 405 nm LEDs illumination on S. Enteritidis and S. Enteritidis PT4. The irradiance of the 405 nm LEDs was 27.7 mW/cm2. Bacterial cultures suspended in tryptic soy broth were illuminated by 10-watt LEDs at a distance of 4.5 cm for 24 hours at 4 °C, 25 °C and 37 °C. Approximately 7-log reduction in colony forming unit (CFU) counts of both S. Enteritidis and S. Enteritidis PT4 at each temperature were observed following exposure after 7.5 hours to the LEDs, concluding that temperature did not affect the inactivation of the bacteria. The decimal reduction times (D-values) for the serotypes ranged from 55.78 to 67.88 min at 4, 25 and 37 °C after 405 nm LEDs illumination. No significant difference in D-values was observed among both the serotypes and temperatures, except for S. Enteritidis which had lower D-value at 4 °C. The LEDs technology has shown antibacterial efficacy and can be implemented in the food processing for reducing S. Enteritidis. -
Antioxidant effects of black garlic powder on spent duck meat nugget quality during storage Original Article
LISHIANAWATI, Tiara Uji; YUSIATI, Lies Mira; JAMHARI,Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract The effect of black garlic powder on the quality of spent duck meat nuggets during storage was investigated. This study used a completely randomized design with 4×4 factorial. The first factor was black garlic powder (0%, 1%, 2%) and 200 ppm Butylated hydroxytoluene then the second factor was the storage period (0, 10, 20, and 30 days) in refrigerator temperature. Physical quality, chemical quality, antioxidant activity, and total plate count (TPC) data were collected and analyzed using analysis of variance. Sensory quality data were collected and analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The results showed that the addition of 2% black garlic powder significantly increased (P<0.01) the color redness (a*), total phenol, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition. However, it decreased (P<0.05) the pH, lightness (L*), peroxide value, TPC, color, aroma, and acceptability. Storage time increased (P<0.05) was decreased the pH, L*, a*, tenderness, protein, total phenol, and DPPH inhibition but increased (P<0.01) the yellowness (b*), peroxide value, and TPC. The addition of 1% black garlic powder was recommended to increase the spent duck meat nugget quality during storage without decreased the sensory quality of nuggets. -
Differentiation of fatty acid, aminno acid, and volatile composition in waxy and non-waxy proso millet Original Article
YANG, Qinghua; ZHANG, Weili; LI, Jing; FENG, BailiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The unique flavor of the proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is one of the key reasons why consumers prefer it. Fatty acids and amino acids have an important influence on the nutrition and flavor of proso millet. In this study, we identified fatty acids, amino acids, and volatile compositions in waxy and non-waxy proso millet porridge by a headspace headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We identified 8 fatty acids, 7 essential amino acids, and 59 volatile compounds from the proso millet. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) clearly demonstrated the profiles of waxy and non-waxy samples and it was observed that better clustering of waxy proso millet porridge can be achieved. There were also some correlations between fatty acids, amino acids and aroma substances. This study will provide the basis for the research of volatile components of proso millet and promote the application of proso millet in food industry. -
Effect of natural active compound addition on mechanical and functional properties of canna starch based edible film Original Article
SANTOSO, Budi; SINAGA, Tripena Las Dame; PRIYANTO, Gatot; HERMANTO,Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract This research objective was to determine the additional effect of biopolymer materials of red palm oil and miserly leave extract on mechanical and functional characteristics of canna starch based edible film. The method used in this research was factorial randomized block design with two treatment factors consisting of red palm oil (0.5; 1.0; and 1.5%v/v) and miserly leave extract (1.0; 2.0; and 3.0%v/v). Research results showed that edible film had thickness of 0.18 to 0.24 mm, elongation percentage of 16.7 to 19.00%, compressive strength of 33.87 to 48.40 gf, water vapour transmission rate of 11.97 to 44.32 g.m-2.d-1, total phenol of 389.31 to 488.45ppm, antioxidant activity of 389.31 to 488.45 ppm and inhibition zone diameters of 0.1 to 0.73 mm, respectively. The concentration increase of red palm oil had increased the thickness, compressive strength, total phenol, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the edible film, but the percent elongation and the rate of water vapor transmission had decreased. Water vapor transmission rate, compressive strength, total phenol, antioxidant and antibacterial activity had increased with the increase in miserly leave extract concentration. The best edible film formula was red palm oil with a concentration of 1.5%(v/v) and 1%(v/v) miserly leave extract (A3B1). -
Extraction of starch from Hass avocado seeds for the preparation of biofilms Original Article
JIMÉNEZ, Rosalía; SANDOVAL-FLORES, Gloria; ALVARADO-REYNA, Sofía; ALEMÁN-CASTILLO, Sanjuana Elizabeth; SANTIAGO-ADAME, Rubén; VELÁZQUEZ, GonzaloResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Biofilms arise as an alternative to replace synthetic polymers, which have generated environmental pollution. The aim of this work was to extract starch from Hass avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill) to produce biofilms. Starch was extracted using the wet method and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Moisture, ash content, gelatinization temperature, and color were determined. Two types of biofilms were produced: T1 (starch) and T2 (starch and glycerol). The colour was measured, and the films were characterized by mechanical tests. A yield of 11.38% was obtained for the isolated starch. Glycerol addition significantly influenced the tensile strength being T1 higher than T2. In elongation percentage, T1 was lower than T2. The results indicate that it is possible to use Hass avocado seed waste for starch extraction and produce biofilms to give it added value. This biofilm can be used in low moisture food coatings. -
Evaluation of oxidative stability of new cold-pressed sunflower oils during accelerated thermal stability tests Original Article
LUŽAIĆ, Tanja Z.; GRAHOVAC, Nada L.; HLADNI, Nada T.; ROMANIĆ, Ranko S.Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract Refined sunflower oil has dissimilar shelf life compared to cold-pressed sunflower oil, which increases the use of refined oil, and it is more abundant in the diet. On the other hand, the production of cold-pressed oils does not require chemical processing. Moreover, these oils contain significant amounts of bioactive components with a beneficial health effect. Breeders are trying to create new sunflower hybrids for the production of cold-pressed oil with improved oxidative characteristics. This study aims to examine the rancidity of 24 cold-pressed sunflower oils of new hybrids under accelerated thermal stability test conditions (Rancimat and Schaal oven tests) and to compare the obtained results with refined sunflower oil. According to investigated oxidative parameters, the most similar to refined sunflower oil was the H20 sample with the induction period determined by the Rancimat test of 9.55 ± 0.00 h, compared to 9.49 ± 0.00 h, obtained in refined sunflower oil. The total oxidation value of the H20 sample amounted to 3.26 ± 0.12, while in refined sunflower oil this value was 2.12 ± 1.73. -
Kombucha fermentation using commercial kombucha pellicle and culture broth as starter Original Article
LEE, Kyu Ri; JO, Kyungae; RA, Kyung Soo; SUH, Hyung Joo; HONG, Ki-BaeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Kombucha is a fermented beverage containing organic acids by yeast and acetic acid bacteria. In this study, microbial community analysis of kombucha produced in Korea was performed, and changes in components during kombucha fermentation were analyzed using commercial kombucha pellicle and culture broth as starter. The major phylum-level strains of commercial kom-1 and kom-2 showed differences in proteobacteria of 35.60% and 78.1%, and Firmicutes of 64.06% and 15.57%, respectively. During fermentation with pellicle (Kom-P) and broth (Kom-F), the level of reducing sugar during fermentation tended to decrease rapidly. The production of acetic acid and D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone (DSL) in Kom-P and -F tended to increase with increasing fermentation time. In Kom-P, lactic acid and glucuronic acid production increased until 7 days of fermentation and then decreased, whereas in Kom-F, it continued to increase with fermentation time. ABTS radical scavenging activity tended to decrease with increasing fermentation time. However, DPPH radical scavenging activity increased within 7 days of fermentation and then decreased slightly (Kom-P) or remained constant (Kom-F). It has been found that the use of culture broth rather than the use of pellicle as a starter is advantageous to increase the active compound content and DPPH radical scavenging ability. -
Protein quality assessment of commercial whey protein supplements commonly consumed in Turkey by in vitro protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) Original Article
PEHLIVANOĞLU, Halime; BARDAKÇI, Hamide Feyza; YAMAN, MustafaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Whey protein is preferred in sports nutrition because of its rich essential amino acids and protein digestibility rate compared to other protein sources. The purpose of this study was to determine the amino acid content and in vitro protein digestibility of whey protein supplements and evaluate their protein quality using the in vitro protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) method. The amount of amino acids were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the protein digestibility was determined by in vitro simulated gastrointestinal tract. A high levels of glycine and very low levels of cysteine were detected in some samples. The ratio of glycine in 4 out of 14 samples ranged between 7.4 and 40.3%. The ratio of essential amino acids and branched chain amino acids in all samples were less than the reference protein. The in vitro protein digestibility of whey proteins ranged from 50.4 to 79.6%, which was very low compared with the values indicated in the literature. The PDCAAS values of whey proteins were very low and ranged from 0.08 to 0.71 in the samples. Based on these results, manufacturers should revise their processing techniques in order to provide high quality whey protein. -
Purification of polysaccharide from Solanum nigrum L. by S-8 macroporous resin adsorption Original Article
HUANG, Yueyan; ZHU, Qifeng; YE, Xiaoqian; ZHANG, Haojie; PENG, YiwenResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To study the purification conditions of polysaccharide from Solanum nigrum L. by S-8 macroporous adsorption resin. The effect of multi-factors on the purification of polysaccharide from Solanum nigrum were studied by static - dynamic adsorption and desorption methods with indexes of adsorption and desorption rates. The optimized purification process condition was as follows: the concentration of sample was 5 mg/mL, pH level was 7.0, temperature was 30 °C, the adsorption velocity was 0.5 mL/min, the maximun loading amount was 10 BV, 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution 5BV was used as eluent, elution flow rate was 4 mL/min. With this condition, the purity of Solanum nigrum polysaccharide was 91.00%, which was 1.989 times higher than before. S-8 macroporous resin can be used to separate and purify the solanum nigrum polysaccharide and improve the purity and quality of polysaccharides. -
Analysis of the effect of okra extract on the diversity of intestinal flora in diabetic rats based on 16S rRNA sequence Original Article
WU, Li; TANG, Baosha; LAI, Pufu; WENG, Minjie; ZHENG, Hengguang; CHEN, Junchen; LI, YibinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To study the effect of okra aqueous extract on the intestinal flora of diabetic rats. Taking normal SD rats as CK group, diabetic rats induced by 40 mg/(kg•bw) streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally as M group, normal and diabetic rats gavaged with 500 mg/(kg•bw) okra aqueous extract were CKO and MO groups,respectively. The bacterial flora of the cecum contents of rats was analyzed with 16S rRNA V3-V4 sequencing after 8 weeks of the experiment. Compared with CK, M increased Firmicutes 14.00% and decreased Proteobacteria 19.32% (P <0.01). Compared with M, MO down-regulated Lachnospiraceae 2.64% (such as Blautia, Anaerostipes), up-regulated Peptostreptococcaceae 1.20% in Firmicutes, and down-regulated Desulfovibrioceae 3.78% (such as Desulfovibrio) and up-regulated Burkholderia 5.24% (such as Parasutterella) in Proteobacteria. It is worth noting that MO up-regulated Christensenellaceae (LDA>4), which was negatively correlated with body mass index, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. The okra aqueous extract reverses the changes of the intestinal flora of STZ-induced diabetic rats, which decreased Firmicutes and increased Proteobacteria by down-regulating Lachnospiraceae and Desulfovibrionaceae, up-regulating Burkholderiaceae, Christensenellaceae. The okra aqueous extract has the potential as a functional food with regulating intestinal microecology balance of diabetes. -
Quality of corn grains subjected to drying using direct-fired furnace fed with eucalyptus chips and firewood Original Article
RESENDE, Osvaldo; COSTA, Eduarda Ribeiro; QUEQUETO, Wellytton Darci; COSTA, Lilian Moreira; OLIVEIRA, Daniel Emanuel Cabral de; TFOUNI, Silvia Amelia Verdiani; GOMES, Fernanda Moralez Leme; QUIRINO, José Ronaldo; LIMA, Rayr Rodrigues deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the drying system using a dryer with furnace automatically fed with eucalyptus chips and another dryer manually fed with eucalyptus firewood, as well as assessing the quality of corn grains. Harvest was mechanically performed and the grains were transported by trucks to the storage unit for drying. Corn grain drying was conducted in mixed-flow dryers with a nominal capacity of 100 tons per hour. For air heating, two direct-fired furnaces were used, one automatically fed with eucalyptus chips and the other manually fed with firewood. Corn grains were evaluated for moisture content, apparent specific mass, thousand-grain weight, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), electrical conductivity and color. Drying corn grains with direct fire using firewood or chips as fuel causes contamination by PAHs. In general, the use of firewood or chips did not influence the quality of thousand-grain weight, apparent specific mass and color, while the use of chips increased electrical conductivity. It is essential that research advances in this subject, prioritizing the contamination of food, with proven carcinogenic activity, which should be treated as a high risk to public health. -
A retrospective study: physicochemical properties of the flower honey from the Black Sea region of Turkey in different years Original Article
BİDECİ, Gül Banu ÇİÇEK; KARASALİHOĞLU, SibelResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Honey has a remarkable commercial value as a natural product for producers. This study aimed to examine the differences in the physicochemical properties of the flower honey produced in Kastamonu, a province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, in different years to see if they changed and if the physicochemical properties met the quality standards for honey. To this end, the honey samples (Apis mellifera) produced in Kastamonu province were studied. The samples were collected from 40 producers of honey between 2016 and 2019. We carried out the quality analysis according to the Turkish Food Codex Communiqué on Honey and compared it with the EU standards. The results showed that fructose/glucose ratio, total fructose and glucose (%), diastase (shade), proline (mg/kg), electrical conductivity (ms/cm), HMF (mg/kg), and acidity (meq/kg) did not change during four years while the moisture content differed significantly. In other words, the quality of the studied samples remained stable in four years. The majority of the studied honey samples obtained from the Black Sea Region of Turkey were compatible with the Turkish Food Codex Communiqué on Honey and the EU standards. -
Packaging based on Ag-Low Density Polyethylene for shelf-life extension of pasteurized and traditional butters at refrigerated temperature Original Article
POUYAMANESH, Mobina; AHARI, Hamed; ANVAR, Amir Ali; KARIM, GuityResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This article focuses on increasing the shelf life of both pasteurized (Pa) and traditional (Tr) butters wrapped in Ag-Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) film in concentration of 2.5%, 7.5%, 12.5%, and 17.5% at refrigerated temperature up to one month. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized (20.63 nm) through the chemical reduction followed by the melt mixing method to produce Ag-LDPE films. A mixed model-ANOVA Repeated Measurement presented that total bacteria, S. aureus and E. coli were eliminated from the Pasteurized butter samples wrapped with 17.5% Ag/LDPE films. In comparison, psychrophilic bacteria can be eradicated by 2.5-17.5% Ag/LDPE films after 30d. Peroxide value showed a slight fall from 0.50 and 0.28 meq/kg, respectively for Pa and Tr butters on the 1st day in the control group to 0.31 and 0.24 meq/kg, respectively in the butter wrapped with 17.5% Ag-LDPE film at the end of the storage with no significant difference (p > 0.05) with other treatments. Iodine value was decreased after 30d. It is concluded that the use of 17.5% Ag/LDPE as a coating of butter can safely preserve pasteurized butter at least a month. -
Chemical and microbiological quality of imported chilled, frozen, and locally cultured fish in Saudi Arabian markets Original Article
ALKURAIEEF, Amal Nassir; ALSUHAIBANI, Amnah Mohammed; ALSHAWI, Amal Hassan; ALFARIS, Nora Abdullah; ALJABRYN, Dalal HamadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Fish meats comprise an important part of diets; however, their rich nutrient composition and various sources mean these products can be spoiled quickly. The present study assessed the chemical and microbiological quality of imported chilled, frozen, and locally cultured fish in Saudi Arabian markets. Physiochemical, heavy metal, and microbial analysis were performed for 50 samples of fish from three sources. The results indicated that locally cultured fish were of better quality than imported fish. All of the locally cultured fish samples were under the limit of total volatile basic nitrogen TVB-N (30 mg/100 g) for fish, while 22.73% and 7.16% of frozen imported and chilled imported fish respectively were over TVB-N limit. Furthermore, chemical and microbial contamination in some fish samples exceeded the recommended permissible levels. We conclude that there was poor sanitation practice and unsuitable conditions during the production and handling processes of fish. -
In vitro bioaccessibility, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three different safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes Original Article
OZKAN, Kubra; BEKIROGLU, Hatice; BAYRAM, Yuksel; SAGDIC, Osman; ERBAS, SabriResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the significant medicinal and aromatic plants and used as the source of food additives, natural dyestuffs, healthy beverages and cosmetics in various countries. In this study, extracts of three safflower genotypes (Remzibey-05, Dincer 5-18-1, and Arizona SC III) were prepared and examined for the first time in terms of their total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activities using radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) and copper reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays after subjecting them to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Additionally, the antibacterial potential of the flower extracts was determined. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in antioxidant activities between the extracts of the different genotypes of safflower; the highest antioxidant activity was observed in Remzibey-05, while the phenolic content reached its maximum in Arizona SC III. After gastric digestion (PG), in comparison to the initial values, significantly lower recovery levels of TPC (5-8%), DPPH (11-39%) and CUPRAC (7-15%) were observed for the safflower extracts. The highest inhibition zone was observed in the Dincer 5-18-1 extract applied against Listeria monocytogenes. The results showed that the extracts of the safflower genotypes displayed potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and the safflower extracts were important in terms of the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds. -
The toxico-transcriptomic analysis of nano-copper oxide on gazami crab: especially focus on hepatopancreas and gill Original Article
LI, Tiejun; YANG, Chenghu; HU, Hongmei; ZHANG, Bo; MA, LiminResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore the gene expression profiling in gazami crab’s hepatopancreas and gill tissues which were challenged with CuO-NPs. Specimens of gazami crab P. trituberculatus were collected and challenged with CuO-NPs, then their hepatopancreas and gill tissues were dissected for RNA extraction. The cDNA libraries were synthesized and sequenced. De novo assembly of crab transcriptome was conducted for gene expression quantification and differential expression analysis. Finally the results were validated by RT-PCR. 56 unigenes displayed differential expression pattern in CuO-NPs treated hepatopancreas tissue. and 273 unigenes displayed differential expression pattern in CuO-NPs treated gill tissue. The gene expression pattern between control and CuO-NPs treated hepatopancreas was very closed to each other, while the gene expression pattern between control and CuO-NPs treated gill was more distinct. 13 genes were mutually exclusive to participate, and he data generated from RNAseq was well consistent with those obtained from RT-PCR. CuO-NPs could induce toxic effects in crab gills as well as in genetic level and the 13 genes might be the potential marker genes for CuO-NPs toxicology. -
Effect of the fruit aqueous extract of balloon pepper (Capsicum baccatum var. Pendulum) on lipid oxidation, microbiological quality and consumer acceptance of fresh pork sausage and smoked Original Article
CABRAL, Natália de Oliveira; OLIVEIRA, Rodrigo Fortunato de; HENRY, Fabio da Costa; OLIVEIRA, Daniela Barros de; SANTOS JUNIOR, , Alexandre Cristiano do; MAIA JUNIOR, Jonhny de Azevedo; MARTINS, Meire Lelis LealResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study assessed the effect of different concentrations of (Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum) on lipid oxidation, microbiological and sensorial characteristics of four different formulations of fresh pork sausage and smoked (control, F1, F2, F3), with the substitution of industrial antioxidant for the natural one. Lipid oxidation values (TBARS) did not display significant differences (P>0.05) among the treatments, and at different times of analysis (storage). The only significant differences were between the different types of sausages (fresh and smoked). The enumeration of all the microorganisms searched was below the standard required by Brazilian laws. F2 formula received the highest scores for acceptance but did not display significant difference (P>0.05) as it refers to taste, with the remaining formulations. The substitution of the synthetic antioxidant by the natural one displayed similar results, demonstrating that the natural extract from the balloon pepper does not affect the technological and sensorial properties of the sausages, which proves the viability of the product. -
Drying kinetics of Brazil nuts Original Article
SILVA, Patrícia Cardoso; RESENDE, Osvaldo; FERREIRA JUNIOR, Weder Nunes; SILVA, Lígia Campos de Moura; QUEQUETO, Wellytton Darci; SILVA, Fabio Adriano Santos eResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The drying is one of the stages of processing Brazil nuts, being an important stage due to the high moisture content and water activity of the product. This study aimed to adjust mathematical models to the drying kinetics data of Brazil nuts, calculating the effective diffusion coefficient and obtaining activation energy for the drying process. Brazil nuts were collected in amazon region, and then the product was homogenized for processing. The nuts were subjected to drying in a forced ventilation oven at temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C in 4 replicates, each one consisting of approximately 200 g of samples in aluminum containers. Mathematical models were adjusted to the experimental data of the moisture content ratio. Thompson, Midilli, Logarithmic and Two Terms models are suitable for estimating the drying of Brazil nuts. The Two Terms model was selected to represent the drying phenomenon for presenting better results in the analyzed parameters. The effective diffusion coefficient increased with increasing temperature and the activation energy for the liquid diffusion in the drying was 35.69 kJ mol-1. -
Application of skimmed milk freeze concentrated in production of ice cream: physical, chemical, structural and rheological properties Original Article
CAMELO-SILVA, Callebe; BARROS, Eulália Lopes da Silva; CANELLA, Maria Helena Machado; VERRUCK, Silvani; PRESTES, Amanda Alves; VARGAS, Maryella Osório; MARAN, Bruna Marchesan; ESMERINO, Erick Almeida; SILVA, Ramon; BALTHAZAR, Celso Fasura; CALADO, Veronica Maria de Araujo; PRUDÊNCIO, Elane SchwindenResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Freeze concentration process was used to concentrate milk until the third stage of freeze concentration. Thus, two samples of ice creams were manufacture, one with milk and the other with concentrated milk from the first stage of block freeze concentration, and denominated ice cream 1 and ice cream 2, respectively. Both ice creams were characterized according to physicochemical characteristics, overrun, microscopy, melting rate, texture, color, and rheological properties. The use of concentrated milk influenced the physicochemical properties of ice cream 2, promoting an increase in the total solids, protein, carbohydrates, and ashes content. Moreover, it was noted that ice cream 2 had a higher overrun, lower firmness, smaller ice crystals, and tended to color greenish and yellowish, however had a higher melting rate and larger hysteresis area. The models of the Power Law and Casson satisfactorily described the rheological behavior of ice creams, which proved to be a Newtonian fluid. -
Effect of replacement of milk by block freeze concentrated whey in physicochemical and rheological properties of ice cream Original Article
BARROS, Eulália Lopes da Silva; SILVA, Callebe Camelo; CANELLA, Maria Helena Machado; VERRUCK, Silvani; PRESTES, Amanda Alves; VARGAS, Maryella Osório; MARAN, Bruna Marchesan; ESMERINO, Erick Almeida; SILVA, Ramon; BALTHAZAR, Celso Fasura; CALADO, Veronica Maria de Araujo; PRUDENCIO, Elane SchwindenResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study’s main highlight to the effect of replacement of milk by different proportions of concentrated whey in the elaboration of ice creams and the characterization of their physicochemical and microstructural properties. Ice creams have high levels of total solids, acidity, and low pH values. All ice creams exhibited Newtonian fluid behaviors while the Power and Casson Law model adequately explained the flow properties. Viscosity and hysteresis area increased as a higher ratio of concentrated whey was added. Ice cream formulations containing a higher proportion of milk showed greater brightness, the ice creams showed a greenish-yellow coloring tendency. The overrun values ranged from 27 to 44%, and ice cream with partial replacement of milk by concentrated whey showed greater resistance to melting. The addition of concentrated whey did not influence the size of the ice crystals, fat globules, and air bubble diameters. However, the higher total solids content influenced the texture of the ice creams, promoting smoother and creamy ice creams. These results highlight the application of concentrated whey on the 50% substitution level, thus being an attractive alternative for the food industry, mainly about the cost-benefit and added value to the product, by enhancing the color, flavor, and texture. -
The effect of Lactococcus lactis and Bifidobacterium bifidum probiotics cell free supernatants on the expression of HDC and TDC genes in Staphylococcus strains isolated from milk Original Article
MOGHADAM, Mohammad Ali Masiyan; ANVAR, Seyed Amirali; AMINI, Kumarss; KHANI, MohammadrezaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The most important microorganisms contaminating milk, such as staphylococci, exert their influence by producing toxins and biogenic amines (BA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of cell-free supernatants (CFS) related to the probiotic strains of Lactococcus lactis and Bifidobacterium bifidum on the expression of BA-producing genes, histamine decarboxylase, and tyramine decarboxylase in staphylococci isolated from milk. Staphylococci isolates of cow raw milk were identified and isolated using standard methods. Samples containing these strains were analyzed by HPLC for BA production. Bacteria with target genes were treated with L. lactis and B. bifidum CFS, and the expression of target genes was measured by Real time PCR. Generally, 60 strains of Staphylococcus were isolated, and 90% of strains had HDC and TDC genes in genome. The levels of BAs were significantly higher on the second and third days after sampling compared with the first day (p <0.02). The analysis RT-PCR indicated that the under expression of target genes was statistically significant (P<0.05). This study showed that the use of probiotic bacteria can reduce the production of these amines and increase the quality of milk through reducing the expression of tyramine and histamine producing genes. -
Quality characteristics of grain syrups containing ginger (Zingiber officinale) Original Article
SHIN, Sun-Dae; LEE, Myung-Sook; LEE, Je-HyukResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Korean traditional grain syrup (Jocheong) is prepared by removing moisture from saccharified-starch suspensions. The addition of ginger (0-6.4%) to grain syrup did not change the solid content (moisture content) or sugar content. The grain syrup resulted in increased Mn, P, Zn, Na, Mg, Ca, and P contents upon addition of ginger. The ginger-added grain syrup had increased total phenolic content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical-scavenging activities, compared with normal grain syrup. Staphylococcus aureus exhibited slight growth inhibition in medium containing ginger-supplemented grain syrup and the fungi did not grow at all on ginger (3.2%)-added grain syrup during 6 days of incubation. The addition of ginger may contribute to improving the nutritional quality of grain syrups, enhancing health functions and extending the storage period. -
Suitability of donata and BRS F 132 cultivar for the potato processing industry Original Article
PEREIRA, Ariana Mota; GOMES, Mateus de Paula; GUIMARÃES, Maria Eduarda da Silva; CRUZ, Renata Ranielly Pedroza; GALDINO, Antonia Gorete da Silva; FREIRE, Ana Izabella; RIBEIRO, Wellington Souto; FINGER, Fernando LuizResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Changes in the population's eating habits have expanded the French fries market. However, the need for refrigerated storage to supply sprouts and maintain a constant supply to the industry has led to a reduced number of cultivars suitable for processing due to the accumulation of sugars and browning after frying. Because of this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the Donata and BRS F132 cultivars for use in the pre-fried potato processing industry. The tubers were stored at 6 and 8 °C for up to 180 days and the analysis of sprouting, total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugar (RS), non-reducing sugar (NRS), post-frying color by scale visual color used by the industry and L* and b* parameters. The sprouting was higher at 8 °C and in the BRS F 132 cultivar. The sugar content was high in both cultivars, however, the color remained adequate. It is concluded that the Donata and BRS F132 cultivars are suitable for the potato processing industry, and Donata presented better quality parameters. Conditioning at 8 °C is recommended in both cultivars that maintained the quality for 180 days. -
The spoilage and adhesion inhibitory effects of Bacillus subtilis against Shewanella and Pseudomonas in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) Original Article
ZHANG, Wen; LV, Xucong; LIU, Zhibin; NI, LiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Shewanella and Pseudomonas are considered to be the main spoilage bacteria for chilled fish. This work focused on the spoilage and adhesion ability of two spoilage bacteria (Shewanella spp. S-1 and Pseudomonas spp. P-1), and the adhesion inhibitory effects of Bacillus subtilis against the spoilage bacteria in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). We aimed to develop a feasible solution to prolong the shelf life of large yellow croaker. The spoilage and adhesion characteristics of Shewanella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. strains were compared. It was found that Shewanella spp. induced more significant spoilage of large yellow croaker than Pseudomonas spp. at low temperature in vitro. In addition, Shewanella spp. demonstrated stronger adhesion to the intestinal mucus than Pseudomonas spp. in vitro. The results of a one-week feeding experiment showed that Shewanella was more likely to adhere to large yellow croaker intestines than Pseudomonas. The supplementation of B. subtilis strain BS08 effectively inhibited the proliferation of Shewanella and slowed the spoilage process of large yellow croaker. -
γ-Aminobutyric acid production and antioxidant activities in fresh cheese by Lactobacillus plantarum L10-11 Original Article
WORARATPHOKA, Jirayus; INNOK, Sasidhorn; SOISUNGNOEN, Phimpha; TANAMOOL, Varavut; SOEMPHOL, WichaiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production and antioxidant activity during fresh cheese processing with single and co-fermentation processes of the high-GABA producing strain, Lactobacillus plantarum L10-11. For a mini-batch of fresh cheese, milk with 0.1% monosodium glutamate was fermented for 18 h and GABA production was monitored by thin layer chromatography and ion chromatography. GABA could be detected in co-L10-11 at 12 h of fermentation and at greater amounts after 18 h. The 18 h fermented milk of co-L10-11 and single-L10-11 contained GABA at 11.30 and 1.21 mg/100 mL, respectively, while GABA was not detected in the control. After whey separation, GABA remained in the cheese curd portion, resulting in 14.91 mg/100 g being found in the co-L10-11 cheese curd. ABTS antioxidant and metal chelating activities significantly increased during 18 h of fermentation and were retained in the cheese curd in the range of 783.11-922.00 μmol TE/kg and 216.71-266.98 μmol EDTA equivalents/kg cheese, respectively. Moreover, there were no significant difference in the textural characteristic between co-L10-11 and the control cheese curd. These results suggested that Lb plantarum L10-11 could be exploited as adjunct to improve health-promoting effects of the GABA in fresh cheese. -
Effect of different drying methods on the bioactive, microstructural, and in-vitro bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds of the pomegranate arils Original Article
OZAY-ARANCIOGLU, Irem; BEKIROGLU, Hatice; KARADAG, Ayse; SAROGLU, Oznur; TEKIN-ÇAKMAK, Zeynep Hazal; KARASU, SalihResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the drying kinetic, total bioactive content, in-vitro bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds, and color and microstructural properties of pomegranate arils. Drying methods significantly affected all selected parameters of dried pomegranate arils (P<0.05). Freeze-drying (FD) showed higher bioactive compounds, lower shrinkage, and better color quality than those of other samples. Ultrasound-assisted vacuum drying (UAVD) showed lower drying times, lower shrinkage, and higher bioactive compounds than vacuum drying (VD) and hot air drying (HAD). The ABTS, CUPRAC, and DPPH results were 34.53-63.71 μmol TE/g, 29.70-61.60 μmol TE/g and 64.82-93.69% DPPH radical scavenging activity, respectively. Also, the highest values of antioxidant capacity for all methods were obtained from the samples dried with FD followed by UAVD, VD, and HAD. The recovery of TPC in dried and fresh samples changed from 2.58% (fresh pomegranate) to 10.32% (vacuum-dried pomegranate). The recovery of TPC for freeze-dried samples (2.62%) was closest to the fresh ones and VD showed the highest TPC recovery. This study suggested that UAVD and VD should be used as alternative methods to HAD due to higher bioactive compounds retention, better color and surface quality, and higher recovery of bioactive compounds. -
Evaluation of shelf life of isotonic beverage enriched with cajuína Original Article
GALVÃO, Luanne Morais Vieira; SOUSA, Mariana de Morais; NASCIMENTO, Afra Maria do Carmo Bandeira; SOUZA, Bárbara Verônica Cardoso de; NUNES, Lívio César CunhaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The segment of isotonic beverages has been expanding its market, introducing new flavors and meeting the growing demand for new products. Cajuína, a drink for which Piaui holds a geographical indication certificate, was used in the development of a new sports drink. This work aimed to evaluate the shelf life of isotonic cajuína beverages conditioned at room temperature and under refrigeration, by analyzing the physicochemical, sensorial, and microbiological parameters. The analyzed samples had stable pH (< 3.0), titratable total acidity (0.18 g/100 mL), and °Brix (6.1 °Brix), and presented an acceptable soluble solids total/total titratable acidity (SST/ATT) ratio during storage. There was a vitamin C reduction of 83.3% and 75.27% from the initial amount in the beverage samples stored at room temperature and under refrigeration, respectively. Sensory analysis using the 9-point hedonic scale indicated good acceptance of the sports drink, and good buying intention. The sports drink also demonstrated high microbiological quality, with the absence of total coliforms, E. coli, molds, yeasts and Salmonella sp. The data from the stability study indicated that the isotonic cajuína drink retains its quality and safety, and can thus be consumed, for up to 150 days of storage. -
Extraction of koumine from Gelsemium Elegans Benth. and its therapeutic effect on collagen-induced arthritis in mice Original Article
LI, Zhengfei; ZHANG, Jieying; ZHANG, Ren; KUANG, YaoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of koumine on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Koumine was extracted from Gelsemium Elegans Benth. The CIA model was established in Balb/c mice. Forty successfully modeled mice were randomly divided into model group and 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg koumine groups, 10 mice in each group. Another 10 normal mice were selected as control group. The 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg koumine groups were treated with 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg koumine, respectively, for three successive weeks. At the end of treatment, compared with model group, in 4 and 8 mg/kg koumine groups the arthritis index was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the peripheral blood interleukin-17 level and T helper 17 (Th17) cell percentage were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the peripheral blood interleukin-10 level and regulatory T (Treg) cell percentage were significantly increased (P < 0.05), the spleen tissue RORγt protein expression level was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the spleen tissue Foxp3 protein expression level was significantly increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, koumine has therapeutic effect on CIA in mice. The mechanism may be related to its regulating the RORγt/Foxp3 expressions, thus correcting the Th17/Treg immune imbalance. -
Clinical value of thalidomide on kk-rat model through TNF-a mediated inflammation approach Original Article
HUANG, Min; DUAN, Jie; YU, Bin; ZHENG, Si-lin; CHEN, Qi; LIN, Fei; ZENG, Nan; LING, Bao-dongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To observe the influence of thalidomide on tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) of spontaneous type-2 diabetes rat (kk-Ay rat) model, and to explore the clinical value of TNF-a mediated inflammation approach to improve the injury on epithelial cell of kidney tubules. There are 30 kk-Ay rates being chosen to establish the Diabetic Nephropathy model and divided into thalidomide group and the model control group, 15 pieces for each group respectively. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, interleukin -6 (IL-6) and interleukin -18 (IL-18) of kk-Ay in the thalidomide group and the model control group were both at a higher level before treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05); The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, interleukin -6 (IL-6) and interleukin -18 (IL-18) in kk-Ay rats 8/10/12 weeks after the treatment in the thalidomide group were significantly decreased, with statistically significant differences compared with the model control group (P < 0.05). The histopathological changes of kidney tubules epithelial cell injury on rats were observed through dissection. Thalidomide will effectively lower TNF-α and IL-1β expression levels in kk-Ay rat models, reduce inflammatory response, and thus improve damage on kidney tubules epithelial cell, which is worthy of further exploration and application. -
Microbiological quality and presence of enteropathogenic bacteria in orange juice sold in popular markets Original Article
JESÚS, Rosa Laura OCAÑA DE; IBÁÑEZ, Ana Tarin GUTIÉRREZ; PUEBLA, Itzel ROJAS; GARCÍA, Néstor PONCE; SICLÁN, Martha Lidya SALGADO; ROMERO, Luis Daniel CARBAJALResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Worldwide, there are a large number of retailers in popular markets offering fresh orange juice, which is preferred for its nutritional and health value. Incorrect management during the preparation, the presence of pests, and inadequate environmental conditions can affect the microbiological quality of the juices sold in popular markets and can even make them a reservoir for enteropathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and presence of enteropathogenic bacteria in freshly prepared orange juice sold in popular markets, by quantifying the fungi, yeasts, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, and total and fecal coliforms. The fecal colonies were subjected to tests to confirm the presence of enteropathogenic bacteria. The results showed that none of the juice sold at popular markets had fungi, while all of them had yeasts, mesophilic bacteria, and total coliforms, and only 14% did not present fecal coliforms. The identification of the fecal bacteria was positive for E. coli and Salmonella. The microbiological quality of the orange juices sold in popular markets needs to be improved, since the high microbial load makes them a health risk. -
Isolation and characterization of anti-tumor compounds from ethyl acetate extract of Rumex japonicus houtt roots and their cytotoxic effects Original Article
WU, Zhaogen; AMEER, Kashif; JIANG, GuihunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To isolate and characterize anti-tumor compounds through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of ethyl acetate extract of R. japonicus Houtt root and their cytotoxic effects were evaluated in terms of measuring inhibition of growth of three cancer cell lines: human hepatoma cells (HepG2), cerebral glioma cells (U251) and ovarian carcinoma cells (SK-OV-3/DDP). The roots of R. japonicus Houtt were extracted with ethanol, and partitioned with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract was separated chromatographically using macroporous resin, positive and negative phase silica gel and high performance liquid chromatography. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data. Ten compounds were isolated form the ethyl acetate extract of R. japonicus roots. Their structures were determined as emodin (1), chrysophanol (2), aloe emodin (3), physcion (4), quercetin (5), resveratrol (6), β-sitosterol (7), 3β-acetoxy-28-hydroxyurs-12-ene (8), sucrose (9) and dibutyl phthalate (10). Among of them, compounds 1, 3, 4, 6 and 8 exhibited highly significant (p<0.05) cytotoxicities against HepG2 to a certain extent. Compounds 3-6 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against U251 with IC50 values of 19.8, 23.5, 23.8 and 17.8 µM, respectively. Compounds 1, 2 and 7 also exhibited cytotoxicities against U251 to a certain extent with IC50 values of 48.3, 50.1 and 85.3 µM, respectively. Compounds 1-6 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against (SK-OV-3/DDP) with IC50 values of 62.8, 64.2, 31.3, 61.0, 47.4 and 42.0 µM, respectively. -
Pain characteristics and countermeasures to improve intraoperative pain for patients with temporomandibular joint disorder during treatment of orthodontics Original Article
LIN, Junsheng; ZHANG, Wei; LAI, RenfaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore and analyze the pain characteristics and countermeasures to improve intraoperative pain for patients with temporomandibular joint disorder during treatment of orthodontics. The patients were randomly divided into control group and the observation group. The control group received routine nursing. It is found in the study that the occurrence of pain in orthodontic treatment is accompanied by certain regular changes, and there is little difference between the proportion of masticatory pain and occlusal pain. In the observation group, the total clinical effective rate increased after nursing (P<0.05. The VAS pain score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group 4h and 8h after nursing intervention was implemented, and the duration of pain symptoms was significantly shorter than that of the control group, with significant statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The targeted nursing intervention for patients with temporomandibular joint disorder undergoing orthodontic treatment based on their characteristics will shorten the pain time of patients effectively and improve the treatment effect, maintaining significant application value. -
Heterogeneity of the remaining lifespan of table grapes in refrigerated transportation Original Article
OLIVEIRA, Cíntia Carla Melgaço de; OLIVEIRA, Davi Rocha Bernardes de; SPAGNOL, Wigberto Antonio; TAVARES, Lucas Ramos; SILVEIRA JUNIOR, VivaldoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This work aimed to show heterogeneities in shelf life of table grapes from a same batch during road refrigerated transportation. The monitoring of temperature and relative humidity of air was done with a wireless sensor network strategically distributed among grapes boxes and pallets. The ambient conditions and time of exposure were associated with a linear predictive model of water loss in order to estimate fruits shelf life. Results showed that the loss of dynamic life of grapes varied according to the box position on different pallets within the refrigerated transport vehicle, due to differences in the conditions that fruits were exposed to. It was observed high heterogeneity in shelf life of the evaluated batch of grapes during transportation, with differences of 71 days between grape boxes. With that, one can conclude that these differences must be taken into account in the following stages of grapes cold chain. -
Antioxidant activity of different extracts of lotus (Nelumbo nuficera Gaertn) rhizome by gradient solvent extraction Original Article
REN, Guoping; YANG, DongmeiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of lotus rhizome with different solvent by gradient extraction was determined. The extraction yield and total phenolic content of extracts were determined. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and β-carotene-linoleic acid assay were conducted to assess the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Results showed that the yield of butanol extract was the highest. The order of total phenolic content in different extracts was as follows: water extract < petroleum ether extract < chloroform extract < butanol extract < ethyl acetate extract, the same with that of the DPPH scavenging activity. The total phenolic content was significantly correlated with DPPH scavenging activity (R2 = 0.9363). All extracts, except water extract with too poor antioxidant activity, showed obvious antioxidant activity against β-carotene-linoleic acid, and the antioxidant activity of butanol extract was significantly lower than others. There was no significant correlation between the antioxidant activity against β-carotene-linoleic acid and the total phenolic content (R2 =0.1995). -
Process optimization in the development of porang glucomannan (Amorphophallus mulleri B.) incorporated into the restructured rice using a pasta extruder: physicochemical properties, cooking characteristics, and an estimated glycemic index Original Article
PATRIA, Domas Galih; SUTRISNO, Aji; SUKAMTO, Sukamto; LIN, JenshinnResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aims to find out the optimum treatment of the feed moisture in porang glucomannan (PGM), and Ca(OH)2 in the production of the restructured rice using a pasta extruder. Feed moisture (35-45%), PGM (3-7%), and Ca(OH)2 (0.04-0.10%) were the independent variables, while the water absorption index (WAI), the water soluble index (WSI), whiteness, and hardness were responses using a response surface methodology (RSM). Data were analyzed for the chemical components, the 3D surface, the microstructure, the cooking characteristics, and the estimated glycemic index (eGI). The results reported that the WAI and WSI ranged from 2.904 to 3.99 g/g and 2.018 to 3.302%, respectively, whereas whiteness and hardness ranged from 72.83 to 85.02 and 4.921 to 7.537 kgf. The chemical components, the cooking characteristics, and the eGI of the optimum restructured rice PGM reported a significant difference when they were compared to milled rice. The result of the 3D surface of the optimum restructured rice with PGM is similar to milled rice which is seen to be like a convex shape. -
Isolation, molecular and phylogenetic identification of microorganisms from Kombucha solution and evaluation of their viability using flow cytometery Original Article
JAFARI, Reyhaneh; NAGHAVI, Nafiseh Sadat; KHOSRAVI-DARANI, Kianoush; DOUDI, Monir; SHAHANIPOUR, KahinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Kombucha can be produced by coculture of a consortium of bacteria and fungi in a sweetened black tea. Determining the type of microbial population as well as their survival is important because they lead to beneficial and sensory properties of the product. In this study, microorganisms were isolated from kombucha and identified using culture and molecular methods and vacuum dried. Also total phenol content, and antioxidant properties of beverage were characterized. Microorganism viability and sensory evaluation was conducted by flow cytometery and a 5-point hedonic test before and after drying. 8-isolated species were recorded in NCBI. Lactobacillus and Kumagataeibacter and Weissella spp. were the bacterial species, while Starmella bacillaris and Hanseniaspora uvarum were the 2-yeast species identified in kombucha beverage. Microbial count increased from 3.59% on the start day to 96.6% on day 14. The results of sensory evaluation show that, in general, the produced kombucha drink was accepted by the evaluators. The highest score for overall acceptance on day 14 was equal to 4.6. Starmella bacillaris and Hanseniaspora uvarum were first isolated from kombucha with enhanced antioxidant properties. These strains, together with yeast are recommended for use in beverage fermentation processes to production of bioactive compounds. -
Combination of organic acids and heat-moisture treatment on the normal and waxy corn starch: thermal, structural, pasting properties, and digestibility investigation Original Article
Barretti, Bárbara Ruivo Válio; Almeida, Vanessa Soltes de; Ito, Vivian Cristina; Silva, Bárbara Moré; Carvalho Filho, Marco Aurélio da Silva; Sydney, Eduardo Bittencourt; Demiate, Ivo Mottin; Lacerda, Luiz GustavoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Resistant starch (RS) has gained interesting because of its health benefits as the control of diseases, such as diabetes. Modifications in starches have been applied in order to increase RS content and consequently the range of industrial food applications. The heat-moisture treatment (HMT) combined with the addition of organic acids was the aim of this study, and also to evaluate the in vitro digestibility and other properties of corn starches. In both botanical sources, the RS content increased significantly, for the normal type and the waxy. Among organic acids used, citric, followed by lactic and acetic acid, promoted the most evident alterations and showed promising results in the increasing of RS. The results obtained by this combined method open opportunities for further applications in functional foods as well as starch based encapsulation process. -
The real role of select herb and spice extracts against Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 growth in cooked rice Original Article
ALBARIDI, Najla A.; YEHIA, Hany M.Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of select spices and herbs added to cooked rice in the growth of Bacillus cereus. The results showed the actual role of herbs and spices as food flavoring ingredients rather than acting as a preservative agent. Herbs and spices extracts were added to rice before and after the cooking process, then observed the differences in Bacillus cereus growth. From all herb and spices extract used, clove was the most effective one against B. cereus. It provided a good zone of inhibition, while the others did not have similar effects. The ethanolic extracts for all tested herbs and spices at concentrations of 50-200 µg/mL showed good activity in media. The zone of inhibition was from 10 to 25 mm in diameter. Rice with Spiced/herbs was inoculated with 108 spores of B. cereus then the growth of B. cereus vegetative cells was detected at different temperature. As the result showed no different in the growth of B. cereus, We concluded that the temperature for rice cooking/reheating has main effect on the control of B. cereus cells while herbs and spices can be used only for flavor with no role in controlling the contamination in rice. -
The relationship between the insertion/deletion gene polymorphism of ACE and atrial fibrillation in Chinese population: a meta-analysis Original Article
ZHU, Yu-xiang; LIU, GangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Introduction In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between the I/D gene polymorphism of ACE and the risk of AF in Chinese population. Materials and methods: Studies searched in several databases from beginning to July 2019 were included in our study. After screening by evaluation, thirteen articles were selected. Results: Our results showed that I/D gene polymorphism of ACE increased the risk of AF. The stratified analyses by case types and control sources suggested a markedly increased association in lone AF, hypertensive patients with AF, and un-typed AF, as well as in studies with hospital person and healthy person. The stratified geographical analysis indicated the risk of AF increased significantly in North China. Conclusions: All in all, our results indicated the marked relationship between I/D gene polymorphism of ACE and the increased risk of AF in Chinese population. -
Expression and variation of serum cytokines in mouse model with different types of bacteremia Original Article
WANG, Zhenhui; JIN, ZhengjiangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the expression and variation of MIP-1β, MIP-2, IL-12p40 and IL-12p70 in mice with bloodstream infection caused by four types of bacteria. ICR mouse models of bloodstream infection with Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), Enterococcus faecalis (Ef), Escherichia coli (Ec) and Klebsiella pneumonia (Kp) were established. Mice were infected by bacteria for 0.5h, 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h and 48h, while mice in control group was injected with PBS. MIP-1β, MIP-2, IL-12p40 and IL-12p70 in serum were detected by Luminex xMAP assay and were compared among different groups at different time points. MIP-1β increased significantly after bacteria were injected for each time point (p < 0.05). MIP-1β and MIP-2 in Ec and Kp groups were significantly higher than those in Sa and Ef groups (p < 0.01). IL-12p40 peaked at 3h after injection and remained at high level for12h in four groups. IL-12p70 in Sa group increased significantly and reached the maximum value 6h after infection, while in the other three groups, it increased significantly 3h after infection (P < 0.05). -
Effect of diet on the measurement of liver elasticity by real-time shear wave elastography in normal subjects Original Article
DING, Jin; LI, Li; XUE, Hong-YuanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To evaluate the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) of normal people before and after diet using real-time shear wave elastography (SWE), and to explore the effect of diet on liver elasticity. Fifty-four healthy volunteers were selected and 480 mL of a standard diet containing 391 kcal were administrated. The LSM before diet and at 30 minutes after diet was significantly higher than baseline LSM. The LSM at 60 minutes after diet was significantly higher than that before diet. The LSM at 120 minutes after diet was significantly less than that before diet. 75% of the volunteers reached the peak of liver stiffness at 30 minutes or 60 minutes after diet. The LSM increased by more than 20% in 31% subjects, increased by less than 20% in 48%, and remained or decreased in 21%. The blood flow volume of portal vein was 692.02 ± 130.69 mL/min before diet, and it reached the maximum value of 776.41 ± 151.45 mL/min at 30 min after diet. Diet could affect the Young’s modulus measurement of liver. In order to avoid the effect, it is suggested to use real-time shear wave elastic imaging to measure the Young's modulus of liver on an empty stomach. -
A comparative study of the cloudy apple juice sterilized by high-temperature short-time or high hydrostatic pressure processing: shelf-life, phytochemical and microbial view Original Article
DENG, Hong; ZHAO, Peng-Tao; Yang, Tian-Ge; MENG, Yong-HongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Cloudy apple juice (CAJ) is popular due to its potential health benefits and pleasant flavor. However, the common used sterilization methods of CAJ by High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) or high-temperature short time (HTST) still showed many inadequacies. The present work studied the impact of HHP (400MPa/10 °C/10 min) and HTST (98 °C/50s) on CAJs made from a new cultivar Changfu 2 planted in Loess plateau area. We comparatively evaluated the microbes inactivation, enzymatic activity, phytochemical parameters, and sensory quality after the HHP and HTST treatment and during the cold storage (4 °C). Results showed that during the cold storage, both HHP and HTST treated CAJ showed a declining trend in sensory attributes like aroma, taste and overall acceptability. HTST showed a higher killing rate of bacteria, and the CAJ was detected a higher diversity of microorganisms (expressed as OTU) during the cold storage. At the end of shelf-life, Rickettsia, oxyphotobacteria, and pseudomonas were detected as the dominant genera in both HHP and HTST treated CAJs. Spearman bivariate correlate analysis determined the relationship between the bacterial profiles and enzymatic activity, phytochemical parameters, and sensory quality after the HHP and HTST treatment. -
Improved diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion by combining medical thoracoscopy with Interferon-Gamma Release Assay and adenosine deaminase activity Original Article
FU, Zhihui; ZHUANG, Xibin; HE, Yueming; HUANG, Hong; GUO, WeifengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Rapid, accurate, affordable, point-of-care tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic tests are essential for controlling TB. We aimed evaluate the diagnostic performance of tuberculous pleural effusion by combining medical thoracoscopy with blood interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA). Patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion measured by chest X-ray or ultrasound were prospectively enrolled in this study. Medical thoracoscopy, blood IGRA and pleural fluid ADA were conducted.A total of 154 patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion were enrolled. Among them, 98 patients (63.6%) were diagnosed as TPE. Patients in TPE+ groups were significantly younger. The diagnostic thresholds obtained via receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were: ADA 23.4 U/L with AUC 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85-0.97, Figure 2) and IFN-γ 6.9 pg/mL with AUC 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82-0.93). By combining all three test together, we achieved sensitivity of 0.92, perfect specificity and NLR of 0.082. The AUC of the combination test was 0.96 (0.93-0.99), which was significant higher than any individual test (p < 0.001). The combination of medical thoracoscopy with Interferon-Gamma release assay and adenosine deaminase performs better than individual test in diagnosis TPE. The combination diagnosis has very high diagnostic rate, can be easily and safely carried out. -
Effect of gelatin based edible coatings on quality of surimi from pearl mullet (Alburnus tarichi,Güldenstädt, 1814) during cold storage Original Article
OKUTAN, Gülistan; BORAN, GökhanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract A two-phase study was designed to investigate the effects of pH and salt concentration of washing solution on quality and yield of surimi from pearl mullet fillets and edible coatings on quality of the resultant surimi during cold storage. In the first phase, higher salt concentration increased gel strength of surimi and improved some other textural attributes. Surimi obtained by conventional method was found to be superior as higher yield, dry matter and protein contents were achieved. In the second phase of the study, surimi samples coated by 4 different coating formulations were stored at 4°C for 10 days along with fish mince and uncoated surimi as control. TVB-N values of coated samples were not significantly increased during storage while that of fish mince reached to 53.6 mg/100 g sample on the 7th day of storage. Acidity of all samples increased leading to lower ultimate pH values while ultimate pH of coated samples was not significantly different from that of control. In general, gelatin and chitosan based edible coatings were found not meaningfully effective in extending the shelf life of surimi under conditions studied and coating formulations used with while surimi itself showed prolonged shelf life compared to fish mince. -
Influence of microwave vacuum drying on the effective moisture diffusivity of seedless white grapes Original Article
LEI, Yongdong; CHEN, Jiluan; ZHANG, Zhenghong; DENG, XiaorongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, the effects of microwave power, vacuum degree and load weight on the moisture content of seedless white grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) during microwave vacuum drying were investigated. The result found that during microwave vacuum drying, the effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) of seedless white grapes ranged between 1.0232 × 10−9 and 4.6354 × 10−9 m2/s. The Deff values increased with the increase in the microwave power and the decrease in the load weight, the vacuum degree played a relatively minor role. The kinetics of moisture ratio and drying time were established, with the drying process following the Page model, as reflected by the fitting between model-predicted and measured data. The Page model was demonstrated to precisely describe and predict the moisture content variation in seedless white grapes during microwave vacuum drying. -
Nutritional value and sensory acceptability of fish burger prepared with flaxseed flour Original Article
DUMAN, MuhsineResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Flaxseed flour has gained popularity among consumers worldwide due to the various nutrients and bioactive compounds it contains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cooking yields, the nutritional value, and the sensory acceptability of fish burgers with an addition of flaxseed flour in different concentrations (5, 10, and 15%). The results showed that the cooking yields (79.2%) of the F0 (control) group was lower (p < 0.05) than the burger to which flaxseed four was added. The flaxseed addition had some effect on the nutritional value of the fish burgers. The flaxseed rates increased the protein, but the fat content did not change significantly. The control group had the highest moisture and the lowest ash. Fish burgers made with the addition of 15% flaxseed flour had the highest energy value and the lowest moisture. There was no statistically significant difference among the fish burger groups with respect to sensory properties. The general acceptability scores showed that the group with the most positive response was the one containing 10% flaxseed flour fish burgers. -
Preparation of high fischer ratio oligopeptide of chlorella powder using specific enzymatic hydrolysis Original Article
XIONG, Ke; LIU, Jia-yun; WANG, Xiao-yi; SUN, Bao-guo; ZHAO, Zhi-yao; PEI, Peng-gang; LI, Xiu-yuanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Enzymatic hydrolysis of chlorella powder is a promising process to prepare high Fischer ratio oligopeptides (HFOPs). However, the relationship between Fischer ratios and enzymatic hydrolysis approaches remains poorly understood. In HFOPs production, directed enzymatic hydrolysis to release aromatic amino acids may be an effective way to increase Fischer ratio. The mutant carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus niger M00988 (cpAR), which has good specificity for hydrophobic amino acids in terminal peptidolysis, and commonly used papain and flavourzyme have been used to prepare HFOPs in this study. cpAR enzyme, flavourzyme The results show that the use of cpAR enzyme can increase the Fischer ratio. With chlorella powder as the raw material, alkaline protease and cpAR enzyme were used for two-step hydrolysis, and then activated carbon adsorption and ultrafiltration were used to prepare HFOPs. The Fischer ratio of oligopeptides reached 37.39, the length of the peptide chain was mainly distributed around 7-9 amino acids. -
Phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of different varieties viz. Flor Branca, Costa Rica and Junco of green unripe acerola (Malphigia emarginata D.C.) fruits Original Article
GUEDES, Tamna Joanan Farias Lima; RAJAN, Murugan; BARBOSA, Paula Ferreira; SILVA, Elizabete de Santana; MACHADO, Tatiane de Oliveira Xavier; NARAIN, NarendraResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Malpighia emarginata D.C is an important crop of Brazil and significant source of antioxidant active compounds with notable health effects. The purpose of this work was to study three varieties of acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C) at green unripe stage of maturity from the São Francisco Valley of Northeast Brazil. The fruits were evaluated for physico-chemical composition, bioactive compounds, through spectrophotometric analysis and liquid chromatography, as well as the profile of macro and micro minerals and antioxidant capacity. The fruits presented satisfactory results in physico-chemical quality parameters. HPLC-DAD phenolic profile analysis identified kaempferol-3-glucoside (32.68 mg/100 g), p-coumaric acid (28.87 mg/100 g) and isorhamnetin (11.41 mg/100 g) as the major compounds, mainly in the variety of Flor Branca (FB). The results obtained from the profiles of sugars and organic acids were similar among the varieties. The minerals were excellent sources of the elements of K, Ca, Mg and Mn. Moreover, FB variety represents higher antioxidant capacity in ABTS·+ (8613.54 μM Trolox/g) and ORAC (2454.42 μM Trolox/g). Thus, the results show the potential to be applied for variety selection and utilization programs based on their specific nutritive characters, contributing to the development of new products. -
Determination of probiotic characteristics and resistance to biological barriers under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions in goat cheese produced using microencapsulated probiotic bacteria Original Article
KAVAS, Nazan; KAVAS, Gökhan; ATEŞ, Mustafa; KAPLAN, Muammer; ŞATIR, Gülçin; KINIK, ÖzerResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The method of microencapsulation has been performed on the probiotic microorganisms (Lactobacillus paracasei and Bifidobacterium longum), which are used in conjunction with the starter cultures in white cheese production from goat‘s milk. For this purpose, 3 types of microcapsules, namely, one containing the probiotic bacteria and another symbiotic microcapsule containing the probiotic bacteria and fructooligosaccharides have been obtained in the study and the cheese containing these microcapsules were produced. The cheese samples have been stored at +40C for 180 days and during storage, loss in viabiality that might be consisted at in-vitro conditions at gastrointestinal system is analyzed. The present study revealed that probiotic bacteria at different bile concentrations gained resistance during maturation, and the rate of resistance was higher in prebiotic and protein-supported microencapsulated probiotic bacteria. The resistance of lactic acid bacteria used in cheese production to gastric secretions was lower than that of probiotic bacteria. The determination of hydrophobicity of bacteria revealed that Bifidobacterium longum had the highest hydrophobicity level followed by Lactococcus, which forms the cheese culture, while Lactobacillus paracasei had the lowest level. It was determined that the microencapsulation method reduced the viability losses of probiotic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. -
GINS2 affects activity/differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation of osteoblast and osteoclast in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by regulating P53/GADD45A signaling pathway Original Article
TIAN, Lei; SUN, Shui; WANG, Jian; LI, Wei; WANG, XianquanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the function and mechanism of GINS complex subunit 2 (GINS2) in osteoblast and osteoclast in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SINFH). Clinical specimens were collected from 40 cases of SINFH patients and 40 cases of control patients. Then, SINFH mouse model was built. Immediately, osteoblasts and osteoclasts were induced and differented from the pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 and the mononuclear macrophage cell line RAW264.7 of mice, respectively. The qRT-PCR assay was used for detecting the expressions of GINS2, p53 and growth arrest and DNA damage 45A (GADD45A). The cytoactive, proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts of SINFH mice were measured by tartaric acid phosphatase staining, CCK-8 and Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining, respectively. GINS2 was up-regulated while p53/GADD45A was down-regulated in femoral tissues in SINFH patients and mice. GINS2 was down-regulated while p53 and GADD45A were up-regulated in osteoblasts of SINFH mice, which presented opposite trends in osteoclasts formations. GINS2 decreased osteoblasts activities and increased osteoclasts activities, inhibited apoptosis and promoted proliferation in osteoblasts and osteoclasts via p53/GADD45A pathway. GINS2 affects activity/differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation of osteoblast and osteoclast in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by regulating p53/GADD45A signaling pathway. -
Purple wheat alleviates dyslipidaemia in rat model Original Article
LAN, Suque; MENG, Yaning; Wang, Mian; YANG, Jian; LI, Guangwei; MOU, Rongfei; ZHANG, Yelun; LI, Xingpu; CHEN, Feng; BI, Ranran; ZHAO, YanyanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To study the exact effect of purple wheat (PW) on dyslipidaemia in rats so as to lay the foundation of a dietary therapy for hyperlipidaemia. A total of 42 rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group (NC) consisting of 12 rats were fed with standard diet in the whole testing process, the other group rats were fed with high-fat diet to induce dyslipidaemia. The dyslipidaemic rats were averagely divided into three groups: dyslipidaemia control group (DC) with 60% common wheat flour, PW1 group with diet containing 60% purple wheat Jizimai1 flour, PW3 group with 60% purple wheat Jizimai3 flour. Six weeks later, the weight-gain-ratio of the rats in PW1 and PW3 groups were lower as compared to the rats in DC and NC groups. Further, we found that the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein in the PW1 and PW3 groups were significantly reduced to almost that of normal levels. Finally, the results of hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that intaking of Jizimai1 and Jizimai3 could repair hepatocyte steatosis and kidney injury due to dyslipidaemia. Purple wheat diet therapy reduced lipid metabolism disorders and the liver tissue and renal injury in hyperlipidaemic rats. -
Feasibility study and optimization of infant formula production using a mixture of camel milk and cow milk Original Article
GAHROUI, Morteza RAEISI; HOJJATOLESLAMY, Mohammad; KIANI, Hossein; MOLAVI, HoomanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Breast milk is the best food for the baby and infant formula is an essential food for infants who are deprived of breast milk. There has been a lot of research on the optimization of infant formula that uses different milks. The composition of camel milk is close to human milk and is important in terms of nutritional properties, non-food allergy and medicinal value and therapeutic applications, and this can be an appropriate alternative to cow’s milk in infant formula. In the present study, the effect of replacing cow’s milk with camel’s milk in infant formula was investigated. The number of treatments was determined by using the Mixture Design method and the necessary tests were performed for infant formula and physicochemical and qualitative tests including moisture, dry matter, measurement of color parameters, density, particle size, insoluble index, pH, acidity, total sugar, fat, protein, ash, vitamin C, minerals, aflatoxin M1, wettability acceptable and scorched particles were done. The results showed that adding camel’s milk to cow’s milk could meet 87.3% of our expectations for the production of infant formula from camel’s milk and not have an adverse effect on the physicochemical properties of the formula. -
Insight into aroma attributes change during the hot-air-drying process of white shrimp using GC-MS, E-Nose and sensory analysis Original Article
ZHANG, Di; JI, Hong-Wu; LUO, Gui-Xin; CHEN, Hao; LIU, Shu-Cheng; MAO, Wei-JieResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Aroma attributes are one of the most important criteria that affect the flavor quality of dried shrimp, but the dynamic changes of aroma attributes remain largely unknown during the drying process. The present study investigated aroma attributes change during the hot-air-drying process of shrimp using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electronic nose (E-nose) and sensory analysis. The potential correlations among volatile compounds, sensory attributes and E-nose data were analyzed by partial-least-squares regression (PLSR). Results showed that the aroma characteristic of shrimps changed significantly during processing. The odor in the fresh shrimp was very light, and the key aroma compounds mainly consisted of trimethylamine and three aldehydes. The aroma characteristics mainly consisted of roasted and meat-like odors had come into being gradually with the decrease of water activity (Aw), and the aroma attributes were the most acceptable at about Aw 0.274 (hot-air drying for 7 h). Four kinds of aroma-active compounds (pyrazines, amines, aldehydes and heterocyclic compounds) made important contributions to the formation of aroma characteristics. The PLSR result showed a good correlation between most variables of volatile compounds, E-nose data and sensory attributes. -
Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts reduce lipid oxidation in broadband anchovy (Anchoviella lepidentostole) minced fish Original Article
SIMBINE, Emelda Orlando; RODRIGUES, Larissa da Cunha; BURBARELLI, Maria Fernanda de Castro; FÁVARO-TRINDADE, Carmen Sílvia; VIEGAS, Elisabete Maria Macedo; ENKE, Dariane Beatriz Schoffen; LAPA-GUIMARÃES, JuditeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Minced fish (MF) is an interesting material for development of novel fish products; however, the mechanical deboning process interferes with MF quality, by increasing the lipid oxidation. This study reports the effect of Ceylon cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) hydro-ethanolic bark extracts as natural antioxidants on both washed and unwashed MF of broadband anchovy during six months of storage at -18 °C. Spray-dried cinnamon extract (DC) and spray-dried cinnamon extract using maltodextrin 10DE (DCM) as a carrier were evaluated in relation to antioxidant activity in vitro. DC and sodium erythobarte were added to both washed and unwashed MF at 0.25% (w:w), whilst DCM was added at 1.055% (w:w). The DC extract presented higher antioxidant activity in vitro compared to DCM extract. The addition of cinnamon extracts reduced the lipid oxidation in washed and unwashed MF compared with the controls. C. zeylanicum extracts can be used to prevent lipid oxidation in MF during the frozen storage and are alternatives for food industries that seek to meet the demand of consumers increasingly concerned with the consumption of healthy foods. -
Effect of postural nursing intervention on preventing pressure injury after thoracolumbar incision and internal fixation in southern China Original Article
LI, Xia; XU, Jing; NI, Chunxiang; GU, MinhuiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of postural nursing intervention on patients with moderate pressure ulcers through posterior thoracolumbar incision and internal fixation. A total of 100 patients were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The satisfaction rate of nursing care, incidence of complications, hospital stay, incidence of pressure ulcers, and VAS score of pain before and after operation were recorded in the 2 groups. Compared with the control group, the patients in the experimental group has higher satisfaction rate, shorter hospitalization time, and lower incidence of pressure ulcers and complications (all P <0.05). The VAS score of the control group (2.83 ± 0.56) was higher than that in the experimental group ((1.28 ± 0.57) all P <0.05). Postoperative thoracolumbar vertebral incision and internal fixation surgery for patients with postural nursing intervention can not only improve the satisfaction rate of nursing, reduce the occurrence of complications, shorten the length of hospitalization, but also reduce the incidence of intraoperative pressure ulcers. -
Comparison of CT and MRI in imaging diagnosis of aortic dissection Original Article
WANG, Jianing; XIE, Junmin; MENG, Xiaomin; GONG, XuepengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Aortic dissection(AD) is a life-threatening disease due to a tear in the intimal layer of the aorta within the aortic wall. To compare diagnostic value and imaging of AD between computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 120 AD patients diagnosed were examined with 64-slice CT and 1.5 MRI, the imaging data of true and false lumen, intimal flap, intimal tear, mural thrombus and aortic calcification were compared. The intimal flap rate of CT and MRI was 81.7% and 100%, respectively; The intimal tear rate of CT and MRI was 68.3% and 83.3%, respectively; The rate of mural thrombus in CT and MRI was 26.7% and 54.2%, respectively; The rate of aortic calcification in CT and MRI was 62.5% and 18.3%, respectively; The number of patients with intimal tear lower than 1mm in CT and MRI was 5 and 0, respectively. Both CT and MRI can show the true and false lumen well, but the detection rate of intimal flap, intimal tear and mural thrombosis in MRI is significantly higher than that in CT, and the detection rate of aortic calcification and intimal tear<1mm in CT is higher than that in MRI. -
Clinical research for dose effects of ketorolac tromethamine on PCIA after hip arthroplasty Original Article
SONG, Hailong; LI, Cong; QU, Changwei; ZHANG, Yan; MIAO, ShaohuaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To observe effect and safety of different doses of ketorolac tromethamine in patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after hip arthroplasty. 60 hip arthroplasty patients injected with 0.5 mg/kg ketorolac tromethamine before anesthesia were randomly divided into group A, B and C in which the patients were injected 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg ketorolac tromethamine after operation respectively. Compared with group A, MAP and HR in group B and group C were lower at T1 (3 h after operation) and T2 (6 h after operation). In group A, MAP and HR at T3 (24 h after operation) and T4 (48 h after operation) were lower than at T1. Compared with group A, NRS scores of group B and C were significantly lower during the analgesia. Compared with group A, ramesay sedation scores in group B and group C were significantly higher at T1 and T2; Harris hip scores of group B and group C were significantly higher at T3 and T4; the total number of pushing PCA pump and dezocine dosage were significantly decreased in group B and group C. Preemptive analgesia combined with postoperative analgesia on patients after hip replacement was appropriate. -
Analysis of short-term heart rate variability in patients with Crohn’s disease Original Article
WANG, Bei-bei; CUI, Can; LIAO, Shan-ying; BU, Xiao-ling; SHA, Wei-hongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the characteristics of heart rate variability in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and the relationship between HRV parameters and inflammatory activity. Background: CD is a chronic inflammatory granuloma disease of the digestive tract. A total of 37 patients with CD and 39 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Demographic information, medication, and medical history were collected from questionnaires completed by all participants. HRV parameters was recorded by 5 min short-term heart rate variability analyzer. Inflammatory factors, Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI), and anxiety and depression were assessed. The mean autonomic nerve function score was 72 in CD group, significantly lower than that in control group (75, P < 0.05). The equilibrium in CD group was strongly lower than that in control group (P = 0.001). CD subjects had lower autonomic nervous function compared with controls, which positively correlated with body mass index. Equilibrium was significantly lower among CD subjects, which negatively correlated with inflammatory markers C reactive protein and platelet count. Autonomic dysfunction was observed in CD subjects, mainly manifested as decreased equilibrium, which this inherent imbalance of autonomic function associated with active inflammation. -
In vitro digestibility and predicted glycemic index of commonly consumed some Turkish traditional foods Original Article
KOSEOGLU, Sabiha Zeynep Aydenk; CELIKEL, SedaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study was planned to determine in vitro glycemic indices of some traditional foods frequently consumed by Turkish nation and to evaulate their effects on nutrition. Glycemic indices of roasted chickpea, Turkish bagel, tarhana, bulgur, Turkish delight, baklava, pişmaniye and kadayıf species; white bread was taken as reference (70) and analyzed in vitro by taking digestive system model. Glycemic index of Turkish bagels and bulgur was high (> 70), medium (55-70) of tarhana and low (<55) of roasted chickpea. There was a significant relationship between the hydrolysis indices of Turkish Delight and other sweet foods and also glycemic indices (p <0.05). Absorption rates of all foods increased and reached the highest level in parallel with their hydrolysis indices after 3 hours. Turkish delight had the highest RAG (glucose released from starch and sugars within 20 min incubation), while RAG and RDS (rapidly digestible starch) of the roasted chickpea were low. Chickpeas with the lowest glycemic index according to their digestibility and effects on blood glucose should be recommended by nutrition professionals to provide glycemic control and controlled consumption of the delight with the highest glycemic index. -
Investigation of the nutritional environment of the differences in toxicity levels of some heavy metals and pesticides examined in gilthead bream fishes Original Article
ONAC, Canan; TOPAL, Tufan; AKDOGAN, AbdullahResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, we investigated the differences between the gilthead bream fishes that live in cages and feed by fish feed (CF), had escaped from the cages and started to live in their natural medium (EF), and live in their natural medium and do not feed by fish feed (NF). We would like to demonstrate the micro pollutants and heavy metal residues in CF, EF and NF and reveal out the diversity in living in three different ambient conditions. We analyzed Mn, Cr, Zn, Sn, Ag, Hg, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb residues and p-p’-DDE, α-BHC, endosulfan-sulfate, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, methoxychlor, p-p’-DDD, p-p’-DDT, β-BHC, aldrin, cypermethrin, dieldrin ve endosulfan pesticides in three types of gilthead bream (CF, EF and NF) and also researched the heavy metal residues in the marine sample that provided from Guvercinlik Cove in three different time intervals by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Physical and chemical parameters of sea water samples were studied to reveal out the effect of fish feed between the regions. Heavy metal and organochlorine pesticides residues of gilthead bream muscle tissues from CF are remarkable higher than other regions when we evaluate the all results. The results show an indication of the significant health risks associated with the consumption of these contaminated fish in the cages. The morphology of gilthead bream fish liver tissue samples were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). -
Phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of twelve edible wild plants from Eastern Anatolia, Turkey Original Article
ALACA, Kevser; OKUMUŞ, Emine; BAKKALBAŞI, Emre; JAVIDIPOUR, IssaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Wild edible plants are important nutrient contributors in the diet of populations both in rural and urban areas. Eastern Anatolia has high plant diversity, and many plants are widely used as traditional food and medicine. In this study, approximate compositions, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of twelve edible wild plants in Eastern Anatolia were investigated. L-ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, total carotenoid and total phenolic contents of analyzed edible wild plants ranged from 1.03 to 10589.71 mg/kg dw, 88.70 to 1740.02 mg/kg dw, 25.00 to 700.20 mg β-car. eq./kg dw, and 444.14 to 2071.96 mg GA eq./kg dw, respectively. Chlorogenic and gallic acids were the most abundant phenolic acids in the plant samples. Rutin, quarcetin, kaempferol and luteolin were identified and quantified in the samples. Luteolin (15.98- 832.82 mg/kg dw) was identified in almost all tested plants (except Coriandrum sativum). The results showed that Arum conophalloides, Rumex tuberosus, Rheum ribes, Plantago lanceolata, Tragopogon longirostris, and Chenopodium album had high contents of different phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities. These plants are available for a short time of the year and in small quantities. Future studies should be focused on biological, functional and toxicological assays and finally for commercial production of these promising plants. -
Cestode and nematode larvae of hygienic-sanitary importance parasitizing Percophis brasiliensis (Actinopterygii) collected from fish markets of the municipality of Niterói, RJ, Brazil Original Article
DINIZ, Jéssica Botti; KNOFF, Marcelo; FONSECA, Michelle Cristie Gonçalves da; GOMES, Delir Corrêa; CLEMENTE, Sergio Carmona de SãoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Percophis brasiliensis is a fish species appreciated as a fried appetizer at beachside kiosks of Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The constant presence of helminth larvae in the viscera and serosa of individuals of the species has been the subject of complaints among local fish traders because of economic losses due to their repugnant aspect. Considering their hygienic-sanitary importance and significance for collective health, the presence of helminth larvae was investigated in 64 individual fish of P. brasiliensis purchased from Niterói fish markets in 2019. Cestodes, identified as larvae of Grillotia carvajalregorum, were found parasitizing the serosa of the stomach, mesentery and abdominal cavity. Nematodes, identified as third-instar larvae of Contracaecum sp., Terranova sp., Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum, H. fortalezae and Raphidascaris sp., were found parasitizing the stomach, intestine, liver, gonads, stomach serosa, mesentery and abdominal cavity. The highest parasitic indices were for G. carvajalregorum and H. deardorffoverstreetorum, with prevalences of 100% and 81.25%, mean intensities of 8.05 and 8.13, mean abundances of 8.05 and 6.61 and infection ranges of 1–131 and 1–42 specimens per host, respectively. Considerations about the zoonotic potential and hygienic-sanitary significance of these parasites are presented in order to increase food safety for consumers. -
Influence of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L) DC) milk processing on bioactive compounds and its antioxidant activity Original Article
SUTEDJA, Anita Maya; ITO, Ayumi; YANASE, Emiko; BATUBARA, Irmanida; FARDIAZ, Dedi; LIOE, Hanifah NuryaniResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To seek a possibility of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L) DC) utilized as a food, the development of jack bean milk processing was investigated. The processing steps included boiling, soaking, grinding and heating. The raw beans, boiled beans, soaked beans, extracted liquid and separated solid were all freeze dried. Those samples were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, compared to those of the raw materials. The increase in TPC and TFC during bean boiling observed, and estimated due to the liberation of phenolics by the destruction of chemical bonds in cell matrix, physical destruction of the matrix by heat treatment observed by SEM results reported in this study. This mentioned that some phenolics existed as a bonded component. Decreasing of TFC was observed in the soaking step due to the migration of the compounds into soaking water. UHPLC-MS-MS based multivariate analysis showed grouping of phenolic compounds present in methanol extracts of the dried samples, mentioning its changes during processing. Kaempferol glucosides detected and quantified in this study, play an important role in the changes. The considerable concentrations of them in jack bean milk, lead to the development of functional drink. -
Antioxidant activity of yellow sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) after dehydration Original Article
JAEGER DE CARVALHO, Lucia Maria; DE LUCAS BAGANHA, Claudia; VIANA DE CARVALHO, José LuizResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a plant with great importance in food security, especially in developing countries. Grown in more than 100 countries, it is nutritious and contains high levels of dietary fiber, minerals such as iron and vitamins A, B and C. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of two cultivars of yellow sweet potatoes Beauregard (biofortified) and Carrot (organic). The ORAC, ABTS and DPPH assays were used to determine the antioxidant activity of raw, bleached and dried sweet potatoes at 40, 50 and 60 o C. The results showed that ORAC assay revealed the highest values for antioxidant activity in all conditions of Beauregard and cv. Carrot were tested. Both cultvars can be be use to elaborate functional products as supplements among others. contributing to the consumption of pro-vitamin A rich foods. -
Determınatıon of some basıc propertıes of tradıtıonal malatya cheese Original Article
KOSE, Senol; CEYLAN, Mehmet Murat; ALTUN, Ibrahim; ERIM KOSE, YagmurResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Malatya cheese is generally produced and consumed in Malatya province of Turkey.The starter culture is not used in the production of this cheese. It is traditionally made from raw cow or sheep milk or a mixture of them. This study aims to determine some characteristics parameters (the antioxidant activity, mineral composition, chemical, biochemical and textural properties) of Malatya cheese and therefore, 25 samples purchased from retail markets in Malatyawere analysed. The antioxidant capacity of the water-soluble extracts was detected using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) methods, mineral composition of samples prepared by dry ash method were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). This samples were generally different from each other according to the chemical, biochemical and textural properties; however, some interesting similarities were identified. Besides, the mineral compositions and antioxidant activities in cheese samples were determined higher than expected. In conclusions, the production method and ripening conditions may play a decisive effect on some basic properties of the cheeses investigated. -
Paraoxonase 1 -L55M polymorphism and coronary heart disease risk in the Chinese population: evidence from a meta-analysis Original Article
ZHANG, Kelian; ZHUO, Huilin; GUO, Jingyi; LI, Delong; DAI, RuozhuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Many studies have examined the association between paraoxonase 1 (PON1) -L55M polymorphisms and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the results remained inconsistent. We therefore aimed to address this association by performing an updated meta-analysis in the Chinese population. The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched up to May 2020. The strength of statistical association was assessed with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of eight studies with 1826 CHD cases and 1817 controls were finally included in the analysis. In the overall and subgroup analyses by control sources and geographic areas, the results showed no significant associations with CHD among all analysis models. Furthermore, we performed the analysis by including or excluding the HWE-violating studies. The results suggested that the MM genetype were significantly associated with CHD in studies not consistent with HWE under recessive and dominant models. This meta-analysis demonstrates that the PON1 -L55M polymorphism may not be associated with CHD risk in the Chinese population. Further studies with strict selection of patients and controls in different ethnic populations will be required to clarify this finding. -
Study of e-Health nutritional interventions on disease patients based on meta-analysis Original Article
WIDJAJA, Gunawan; SIJABAT, Hotmaria HertawatyResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Food safety means that food is non-toxic, non-hazardous, meets the nutritional requirements and does not pose any acute, subacute or chronic risks to human health. Food safety and hygiene management measures adopted by the competent authorities should be based on risk assessment. The fast proliferation of text-messaging-based mobile health (mHealth) initiatives offers a chance to enhance food quality awareness and dietary habits, especially among difficult groups. Text messaging may be used to successfully prevent or cure health problems in people and encourage good health through the use of high-quality meals. In both industrialized and developing nations, dietary practices such as frequent eating of nutrient-poor products (as unhealthy snacking) and unwillingness to consume green leafy fruit and vegetables limit micronutrient intake. In this study, we comprehensively reviewed the scientific literature on the impact of mobile health on sickness prevention control and promotion. This study focuses on the deployment of mobile health in communicable disease preventive measures, chronic illness management, and maternal healthcare to give a benchmark for mobile health intervention research in China, based on the features of existing literature. -
Use of products of vegetable origin and waste from hortofruticulture for alternative culture media Original Article
SANTOS, Francielle Penha dos; MAGALHÃES, Diogo Corrêa Moreira Maimone de; NASCIMENTO, Janaína dos Santos; RAMOS, Gustavo Luis de Paiva AnciensResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Conventional culture media are expensive owing to their constituents. Thus, several studies have sought to develop and evaluate the efficacy of alternative, low-cost culture media, in most cases, using natural and easily accessible raw materials. The present study is a literature review, observing various formulations of culture media based on products of plant origin for the growth of microorganisms and production of microbial compounds of industrial interest. In most formulations, vegetable substrates, such as soy, certain beans, corn, and rice, were used in addition to hortofruticultural products. Compared to conventional media, the alternative culture media often present satisfactory results in terms of microbial growth efficiency and production cost. -
Exogenous melatonin treatment in the postharvest storage of pitaya fruits delays senescence and regulates reactive oxygen species metabolism Original Article
BA, Liangjie; CAO, Sen; JI, Ning; MA, Chao; WANG, Rui; LUO, DonglanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Pitaya fruits have high senescence rates throughout their postharvest storage period. Additionally, studies have confirmed that melatonin plays a regulatory role in plant senescence. However, the involvement of melatonin in the postharvest senescence of fruits remains unclear. In this study, two cultivars of pitaya fruit, ‘Zihonglong’ and ‘Jinghonglong’, were treated with melatonin and then evaluated for characteristics of senescence while in storage for 10 days. The results showed that melatonin treatment delayed fruit senescence in both pitaya cultivars, as indicated by the inhibition of weight loss, decay incidence, relative membrane permeability, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as well as the maintenance of the total soluble solids and ascorbic acid contents and the reduced respiration intensity. In addition, melatonin treatment reduced the O2·- production rates, H2O2 contents, and lipoxygenase activities but enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in both pitaya cultivars. These results indicate that melatonin may contribute to delaying senescence in pitaya fruits. This study shows the potential of the use of melatonin in the postharvest storage of pitaya fruits, as well as other horticultural fruits. -
Analysis on volatile components of co-fermented fruit wines by Lycium ruthenicum murray and wine grapes Original Article
LU, Lu; MI, Jia; CHEN, Xiaoyan; LUO, Qing; LI, Xiaoying; HE, Jun; ZHAO, Rong; JIN, Bo; YAN, Yamei; CAO, YoulongResumo em Inglês:
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to detect the volatile components in co-fermented fruit wines made by Lycium ruthenicum Murray (LRM) and wine grapes using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 52 kinds of volatile components were detected in the co-fermented fruit wines, more than those detected in commercially available Changyu dry red wine (30 kinds) and 0# wine (26 kinds) made by wine grapes in the laboratory. Esters (22 kinds) and alcohols (17 kinds) constituted a major proportion of co-fermented fruit wines, then followed by volatile acids, phenols, aldehydes and ketones. The relative intensity of aroma in the co-fermented fruit wines was greater than that of the Changyu wine and 0# wine, exhibiting a comprehensive fruit and floral aroma profile. Additionally, grape wines (containing Changyu wine and 0# wine) were distinguished from the co-fermented fruit wines (1#–9#), 1# wines distinguished from the other co-fermented fruit wines (2#–8#) in second layer of clustering, indicating that the composition of raw material and fermentation conditions were the main influencing factor in the attributes of volatile components. Overall, co-fermented fruit wines possess more advantages in composition of volatile components and aromas, which showed a richer volatile and aroma structures. -
Water uptake kinetics in soaking of grass pea Original Article
COSTA, Rui; PEDROSO, Verónica; MADEIRA, Tiago; GÂNDARA, JoãoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a pulse of great importance for food and feed due its high resistance to poor environmental conditions. However, it contains anti-nutritional factors and a neurotoxin, which is partially lost during soaking. A first approach to mass transfer during the soaking of grass pea was carried out by modeling the water uptake during soaking time using empirical mathematical models. The water uptake behavior was successfully described by the Peleg and the Exponential models, with these models showing several advantages when compared to the Mitscherlich and Page models. Both models estimated an increase of the equilibrium moisture content at temperatures between 50 °C and 100 °C, and detected an increasing effect of the area per volume ratio of the seed on the water uptake rate, but only at 75 °C and 100 °C. Additionally, grass pea presented a high true porosity, 13.651%, showing that it contains a large empty volume into which water can enter by capillary flow. Solids loss was observed to be high, varying from 18% at 25 °C to 44% at 100 °C for long soaking times, confirming that its effect in soaking cannot be neglected. -
Comparison of homemade and commercial yoghurt in Van province, Turkey Original Article
TOLU, Abdulkadır; ALTUN, IbrahimResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Some physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory attributes of homemade and commercial yoghurts sold at 15 points of Van province in Turkey were determined. The average pH, titration acidity, dry matter, fat-free dry matter, syneresis and protein of homemade and commercial yoghurts were 4.02 and 4.08, 1.16 and 1.10%, 14.55 and 13.77%, 4.23 and 3.49%, 10.31 and 10.27%, 29.16 and 29.32 ml/100 g, 3.61 and 3.66%, respectively. In homemade and commercial yoghurts, the average number of yeasts and molds was 6.02 and 3.63 log cfu/g; the number of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was 7.98 and 7.78 log cfu/g; the number of S. thermophilus was 8.29 and 7.60 log cfu/g. In homemade and commercial yoghurts, the average appearance was 3.38 and 3.88, consistency was 3.01 and 3.61, odor was 3.73 and 3.89 and taste was 3.74 and 3.64. -
Development of chili pepper ganache filled chocolate in artisan chocolate production, determination of sensory and physicochemical characteristics Original Article
SEÇUK, Berkay; SEÇİM, YılmazResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Chocolate can be produced in plain, flavored and filled chocolate shapes. This study aimed to develop the filling material (ganache), which is one of the main ingredients of filled chocolate production, in chili taste. Firstly, for this purpose the production processes to be used were determined and different chili filled ganache were developed with, these fillings became the final product of control group (CG) ganache, powdered chili pepper (PCP) ganache and chili pepper seed oil (CPS) ganache filled chocolate. The consumable status of the produced chili ganache filled chocolate samples was determined by the sensory analysis and physicochemical analysis methods. All samples were stored for 30 days and analyzed at 0, 15 and 30 days. As a result of sensory analysis, it was found that CPS ganache filled chocolate samples were more preferable than PCP ganache filled chocolate samples in terms of color and brightness (p<0.05). When the samples were evaluated from the physicochemical point of view, it was determined that they have gained more hardness as of the 30th day, L* values (brightness) have decreased and b* values increased conversely. Viscosity measurement showed, CPS ganache has less viscosity compared to control group and PCP samples. -
Sugar, fat, saturated and trans fatty acid contents in Iranian cereal-based baked products Original Article
HADIAN, Zahra; MOUSAVI KHANEGHAH, AminResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The intake levels of sugar and fats, including unsaturated fatty acids (USFs), trans-fatty acids (TFAs), and saturated fatty acids (SFAs), should be monitored to prevent the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Cereal-based bakery products are one of the significant sources of dietary fat and sugar intake throughout the world. This study evaluates the trend of fat and sugar in Iranian bakery products, focusing on saturated and TFAs and their implication for public health. In this regard, 132 industrial and traditional cereal-based-backed products were randomly collected from the Tehran market. The total fat, SFAs, TFAs, unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), and sugar of each bakery product were determined. The fatty acid compositions of these products were evaluated according to the direct methylation method. Our results indicated that total fat in Iranian bakery products ranged from 8.99±2.95% (sponge cake) to 24.92±7.86% (puffed product). Total sugar varied from 11.12±1.89% (pirashki) to 30.38±13.11% (funnel pastry). Among fifteen different types of bakery products, the highest TFAs and UFAs levels were detected in simple biscuits (0.52±0.50%) and (17.20±8.71%), respectively. The present study indicated that bakery products' sugar and fat content as risk factors of non-communicable diseases was not higher than those of other countries. -
Development and optimization of the jam production process of Pouteria cf. gardneriana Radlk (guapeva) Original Article
SOARES, Camila Mariane da Silva; MORAIS, Rômulo Alves; SILVA, Romilda Ramos da; FREITAS, Bárbara Catarina Bastos de; MELO FILHO, Antonio Alves de; MARTINS, Glêndara Aparecida de SouzaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This work aimed to study the effect of citric acid and passion fruit albedo concentrations and pulp/sugar ratio in optimizing of jam production process of Pouteria cf. gardneriana Radlk (guapeva fruit) and evaluating the nutritional characteristics and functional properties of the developed jams. A factorial design 23 with 11 assays was used, considering citric acid concentration, pulp/sugar ratio, and albedo concentration as independent variables. Formulations containing a 50/50 pulp/sugar ratio proved to be excellent for quality parameters, the potential of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and sensory properties. The formulation indicated as most desirable was the one containing a 40/60 sugar/pulp ratio. Guapeva proved to be a good alternative for jam production because even after thermal processing, it was possible to obtain jams rich in Vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant potential. -
Effect of straight dough X pre-fermented dough method on composite wheat breads characteristics Original Article
LUIZ, Raíssa Oliveira; VANIN, Fernanda MariaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Bread fermentation is one of the most important steps in breadmaking. In straight dough method fermentation stage is realized after dough mixing; while in pre-fermented method, part of ingredients is mixed and rested for some hours in order to pre-ferment. This second method is well known to produce breads with improved properties, however no studies related to the production of composite bread using pre-fermented dough method can be found in the literature. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the effect of pre-fermented dough process method on a composite bread properties. Control breads (wheat bread) and green-banana-wheat bread were produced by straight and pre-fermented dough method. Breads were evaluated in relation to local water content, water loss, color parameters, specific volume, crumb porosity and texture profile analyses. Pre-fermented breads presented significantly higher specific volume in relation to straight breads. Similarly, pre-fermented method give breads with lower values of water loss, and lower levels of darkening. All of this could contributed to the better crumb texture properties of pre-fermented breads in relation to straight dough method. Therefore, it could be concluded that pre-fermentation dough method improved the technological properties of composite bread, representing an important strategy to be more explored. -
Development of W/O emulsion for encapsulation of “Pitanga” (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaf hydroethanolic extract: droplet size, physical stability and rheology Original Article
TESSARO, Larissa; MARTELLI-TOSI, Milena; SOBRAL, Paulo José do AmaralResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The low chemical stability under environmental conditions of “Pitanga” leaf hydroethanolic extract (PLHE) can limit its application in industrial scale. It is known that this extract has high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and that it must be stored under special conditions or encapsulated into W/O emulsions. The objective of this research was to encapsulate PLHE in a W/O emulsion, analyzing the effect of the concentration of the emulsifier and phase ratios on its droplet size, physical stability and viscosity. In general, the droplet size and stability of the W/O emulsions were affected by the concentrations of emulsifiers and phase ratios. The emulsion with a 20/80 W/O ratio and 3 g PGPR/100 g oil was chosen as the most stable formulation because they presented well distributed droplet sizes (unimodal distribution), the lowest D3,2 (0.25 ± 0.02 μm), the highest physical stability at 60 °C and presented Newtonian behavior. In conclusion, the W/O emulsion is able to encapsulate PHLE and can be applied to thermal processed foods. -
A potential commercial use of cajeta (a traditional milk product from Mexico) in the development of whey beverages Original Article
BARAJAS-RAMÍREZ, Jahir Antonio; RAMÍREZ-LÓPEZ, Carolina; AGUILAR-RAYMUNDO, Victoria GuadalupeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Cajeta is a Mexican artisanal candy elaborated from goat milk. While it is popular among consumers, it is necessary to find alternative uses to improve access to stable and fair trade for producers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a functional beverage using whey with different levels of inulin (4, 8 and 12%) as a prebiotic, guar gum (0.321, 0.625 and 1.25%) as a thickener and cajeta (20% v/v) as flavoring. Nine formulations were prepared, stored at 4 °C and analyzed on days 0, 7 and 14. The pH values were constant (5.9) in all formulations, while acidity exhibited changes on days 0 and 14. Flow properties of the beverages exhibited a non-Newtonian behavior and fitted best with the Power Law (PL). According to acceptance tests and a Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) questionnaire, it was possible to obtain a cajeta-flavored whey-beverage using lower concentrations of inulin and gum. The physicochemical characteristics provided by ingredients added in lower concentrations did not affect the organoleptic properties of the product, showed lower viscosity, and were highly accepted by most participants. -
Optimation 1,2 formulation of meat analog from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L Walp) protein curds and cocoyams (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) modification starch as filler Original Article
ROSIDA, Dedin Finatsiyatull; ELIANARNI, Dahlia; SAROFA, UlyaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Meat analog is a plant protein product that comes from non-meat materials. The materials were used in this research were cowpea curd protein (20−30%) and cocoyam modification starch (20−30%) by autoclaving-cooling. This research aimed to ascertain the optimum formulation of cowpea curd protein as a raw material and cocoyam modification starch as a filler in the meat analog. The data obtained were processed with response surface methodology (RSM) to find the optimum formulation. The optimum results of the central composite design (CCD) showed that the moisture response had a 2FI (2-factor interaction) model with a final equation of Y=52.05−1.73X1+1.16X2+1.84X1X2, where X1X2 Curd protein*modified starch. The ash content had a 2FI model with a final equation of Y=2.79−0.71X1+0.43X2−1.02X1X2, the fat content had a linear model with a final equation of Y=2.59+0.11X1+1.26X2, the protein content had a linear model with a final equation of Y=18.26+0.62X1+0.056X2, the carbohydrate content had a linear model with a final equation of Y=24.54+1.17X1−2.38X2, the texture value had a mean model with a final equation of Y=0.072, and the color value had a mean model with a final equation of Y=30.41. The optimum condition of cowpea curd protein was added by 30% and cocoyam modification starch was added by 30% a with response of water content 50.92%, ash content 2.11%, protein content 18.97%, fat content 4.18%, carbohydrate content 23.82%, texture 0.075 (mm/gr/dt), and color 22.44 (L). -
Use of the quantitative descriptive analysis for sensory assessment of tapiocas with adding waste from soy processing Original Article
PRIULLI, Érica; PEREIRA, Cecília Marques Tenório; OLIVEIRA, Auana Costa; PIRES, Caroline Roberta FreitasResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Okara is a byproduct obtained in the processing of water-soluble soy extract. The objective of this work was to use the quantitative descriptive analysis to develop the descriptive terminology and the sensory profile of tapioca formulations with the addition of okara. Four tapioca formulations were developed with the addition of okara to replace the cassava starch in concentrations of 15%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The descriptive terms generated for sensory profile were: color, soy aroma, soy taste, starch taste, softness and crispness. From the descriptors, a 9 cm scale was defined for each term with the extremes varying from weak to strong. After conducting the training and the sensory tests, the data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and the means compared by the Tukey test (p<0.05). The F50 formulation showed superior scores for the attributes color, soy aroma, and softness. The intensity of soy taste did not differ between the formulations F40 and F50. There was an increase in the softness of tapioca with the addition of okara. The addition of okara to the tapioca formulations allowed us to obtain a product with its own characteristics such as color and softness, maintaining the overall quality close to the traditional tapioca. -
Importance of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene in maintaining the quality of stored tubers of Asterix and Challenger cultivars Original Article
MENDONÇA NETO, Abelardo Barreto de; GUIMARÃES, Maria Eduarda da Silva; PEREIRA, Ariana Mota; CRUZ, Renata Ranielly Pedroza; GONÇALVES, Dreice Nascimento; SOARES, Luciana Gomes; FREIRE, Ana Izabella; FINGER, Fernando Luiz; CECON, Paulo RobertoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This work aimed to analyze 1,4-DMN efficiency in the suppression of sprouting and the consequent maintenance of quality in potato tubers of Asterix and Challenger cultivars stored during different periods under varying temperatures: eight treatments with and without 1,4-DMN under temperatures of 8 °C and 20 °C. Treatments effect were evaluated after 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 days after application. The evaluated parameters were the loss of fresh mass, length of the sprouts and activity of the enzymes polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase. The results indicate that the application of 1,4-DMN reduces the loss of fresh mass, this effect was more intense for the cultivar Challenger, at 8 °C. There were also significant effects in reducing the average length of the sprouts for both cultivars evaluated, after 180 days, at 20 °C. There was little or no difference in the level of oxidative stress caused in the tubers. Hence, the effects of 1,4-DMN on the quality control of potatoes included reduced loss of fresh mass and a shorter average length of sprouts for both cultivars evaluated compared to control, for both temperatures. These effects intensify in the cultivar Challenger and treatments with temperatures of 20 °C. -
Dried pork meat with different levels of salting Original Article
DIAS, Victor Hugo de Luna; MARTINS, Terezinha Domiciano Dantas; PASCOAL, Leonardo Augusto Fonseca; SOUSA, Solange de; RIBEIRO, Neila LidianyResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study's objective was to evaluate the physical-chemical, microbiological, and sensory aspects of pork meat with different levels of salting. Pork from the Duroc and Landrace breeds, with an average live weight of 281 ± 15.72 kg, were used. The physicochemical data were analyzed following a completely randomized design with four salt addition levels (30, 50, 70, and 90%). Sensory analysis was performed through a completely randomized design, observing the influence of salt levels in meat. The physical-chemical and sensory variables did not significantly affect (P>0.05) salt addition, except for cooking loss and water retention capacity. It was concluded that the salt introduction levels of 30 and 50% are the most appreciated by consumers. The addition of salt levels in the pork meat does not modify the physical-chemical characteristics and the meat's sensory analysis. -
Influence of process conditions on the mass transfer of osmotically dehydrated jambolan fruits Original Article
ARAÚJO, Adriano Lucena de; PENA, Rosinelson da SilvaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Jambolan (Syzygium cumini) is a tropical fruit rich in anthocyanin pigments, but its fragile skin and pulp present low protection against physical damages and microorganisms. In this sense, a preservative technology, as osmotic dehydration (OD), was studied to investigate the impact of some variables over this process. At first, fruits of jambolan were submitted to physical and physical-chemical analysis. Furthermore, whole fruits underwent OD following a fractional factorial design. The influence of the process variables: temperature (20-50ºC), sucrose concentration (30-60%), pressure (10-90 kPa), vacuum pulse time (5-15 min), calcium lactate concentration (0-4%) and number of vacuum pulse (1-3) was assessed on water loss (WL), solid gain (SG) and weight reduction (WR). In general, biometric analysis showed positive and significant correlation among the physical characteristics of jambolan. Physical-chemical assay demonstrated that the fresh fruit presents a potential source of bioactive compounds. The screening design showed that temperature, sucrose concentration, calcium lactate concentration and pressure affected the WL in jambolan. On the other hand, vacuum pulse time and number of vacuum pulse showed no influence on the WL, SG and WR; therefore, these variables must be fixed at the most economically viable level for any further trials. -
In vitro antioxidant and apoptotic activity of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet isolate and hydrolysates Original Article
SIPAHLI, Shivon; DWARKA, Depika; AMONSOU, Eric; MELLEM, JohnResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Cancer is a disease that invades the lives of millions of people each year. Chemotherapy is currently the most effective treatment however resulting in many adverse effects to the human body. Alternative treatments are being explored to overcome this obstacle. Peptides that possess radical scavenging activity and bioactive properties can be advantageous in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. In this study, Lablab purpureus isolate and its hydrolysates (trypsin, pepsin and alcalase) were analysed for radical scavenging potential (DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging and FRAP) and antiproliferative activity. Antiproliferative activity was confirmed with the peptides ability to induce apoptosis (Caspase 3/7 activity and Annexin V-PI). The lowest inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for DPPH, ABTS and Superoxide radical scavenging ranged between 1.81-4.47, 1.73-2.42 and 1.36-4.41 mg/mL, respectively. FRAP ranged from 19.20 to 21.94 mg/mL. Generally, it is considered that a good antioxidant encompasses antiproliferative potential. Cell lines, A549, MCF-7 and HEK293, treated with pepsin hydrolysate showed (IC50 values of 119.6, 9.80 and 13.86 µg/mL). The isolate and pepsin were chosen for apoptotic studies. The pepsin hydrolysate showed the highest inhibition in the cancerous cell lines (A549 and MCF-7) without greatly effecting normal cells (HEK293), and the isolate was selected for comparative analysis. Annexin V-PI staining showed cells in different stages of apoptosis (cells during early apoptosis; A549, 42%; MCF-7, 17%; HEK, 34%). Caspase 3/7 assay demonstrated that the peptide causes an increase in caspase activity. Peptides have the potential to act as chemo-preventative agents due to their antioxidant and apoptotic abilities. -
Influence of tannic acid on milk lipid composition of cows Original Article
MUNIZ, Ana Jaqueline Cavalcante; GONZAGA NETO, Severino; HENRIQUES, Lara Toledo; COSTA, Roberto Germano; QUEIROGA, Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto; SARAIVA, Carla Aparecida Soares; SOUZA, Carla Giselly de; RIBEIRO, Neila LidianyResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The study aimed to evaluate tannic acid's influence on lactating cows' diets on milk production and lipid composition. Five crossbred cows (Holstein x Zebu), distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square, were used to evaluate the effect of increasing tannic acid (hydrolyzable tannin). The diets were composed of 35 kg of corn silage as bulking and 6.38 kg of concentrate. The treatments consisted of increasing levels of tannic acid added to diets (0%, 1.3%, 2.6%, 3.9% and 5.2%). It was observed a decreasing linear effect (P<0.05) of the inclusion of tannic acid in the concentration of saturated butyric fatty acids (C4:0) presenting a mean of (2.99), and quadratic effect in the concentration of saturated fatty acids lauric (C12:0) presenting mean (26.74). The addition of tannic acid had effects on saturated fatty acids, decreasing the concentrations of butyric acid and increasing the concentrations of lauric acid. Atherogenicity and thrombogenicity rates reveal the potential for the prevention of coronary heart disease. However, the observed changes do not compromise the milk's chemical composition and nutritional quality,the y nutritional quality of the milk, presenting possibilities of human health benefits, thus enabling the aggregation of value for these products. -
Antibacterial activity of jackfruit leaves extracts and the interference on antimicrobial susceptibility of enteropathogen Original Article
SOUSA, Dhierllate Ferreira de; CAMPOS FILHO, Pedro Costa; CONCEIÇÃO, Aline Oliveira daResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Artocarpus heterophyllus dry leaves extracts on S. enterica and E. coli and their interaction with conventional antimicrobials. Dried powdered leaves were used to produce hexane (Hex), methanolic (MeOH) and ethanolic residue (EtOHr) extracts. The antimicrobial test was performed against Escherichia coli, ATCC 25922, E. coli EPEC, CDC 086H35, and Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phagotype 4 (SE PT4) through minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The agar diffusion technique, well and disc-variants were used to measure the antimicrobial effect of the plant extract combination with antimicrobial of clinical usage. We highlight the bactericidal effect of jackfruit tree leaves on E. coli and S. enterica SE PT4 at 7.2 mg/mL and the effect of the extracts on antimicrobial activity. The interaction between chloramphenicol and dry leaves extracts was characterized by both synergism and antagonism depending on extract type and bacteria used. The interaction between antimicrobial of clinical usage and jackfruit tree leaves extracts demonstrated changes in susceptibility profile of antimicrobials tending to an antagonist effect. As the jackfruit tree leaves may interfere on antimicrobials action, special attention should be given to its usage as traditional medicine in the treatment of food borne diseases. -
Increased thermal stability of phycocyanin extracted from Spirulina platensis by cysteine addition during enzyme extraction Original Article
LEE, Chi-Woo; BAE, Gi Yeon; BAE, Song-Hwan; SUH, Hyung Joo; JO, KyungaeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Phycocyanin, a natural pigment extracted from spirulina (Spirulina platensis), is used in foods, but its use is limited due to its relatively heat labile nature. Thus, here, we aimed to investigate the effect of cysteine addition on increasing the thermal stability of phycocyanin extracted from spirulina using Collupulin. Our results showed that 0.5% cysteine was the most effective in extracting phycocyanin. Furthermore, 95 °C heat treatment increased the stability of phycocyanin extracted with Collupulin and cysteine. The thermal kinetic model of the phycocyanin extracted with Collupulin and cysteine was confirmed to follow the second order. The activation energy of phycocyanin extracted with Collupulin and cysteine, calculated using the reaction constant (k) obtained from the secondary thermal kinetic model, was 65.3 kJ. Collectively, the addition of 0.5% cysteine increased the thermal stability of phycocyanin extracted with Collupulin, and this phycocyanin could be used in foods that undergo a heating process. -
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant defense of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) against pancreatic cancer and AAPH-induced RBCs hemolysis Original Article
EL AZAB, Eman Fawzy; MOSTAFA, Heba SayedResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is a superb nutritional source of phenolic compounds that are beneficial in the prevention of different diseases. The main goal of the current study was to estimate the oxidative activity and compare the effect of the ethanol extract of this fruit's peel and flesh on pancreatic cancer against pancreatic cancer and in vitro 2, 2-azobis-2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (AAPH) erythrocytes hemolytic oxidative damage. Firstly, HPLC was utilized to identify the phenolic compounds in each extract that showed that p-coumaric acid & ferulic acid (in the peel), syringic acid & cinnamic acid (in the flesh) were the most abundant. Concerning the anti-cancer effect, flesh extract exhibited more cytotoxic impact as detected by the reduction of PANC-1 cell line viability with IC50 of 232.89 µg/ml contrasted with the IC50 of the peel extract (556.60 µg/ml). Relative to ascorbic acid, both kiwi extracts have been considerably successful in diminishing hemolysis, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and GSH levels of AAPH-induced RBCs. Interestingly, with 80 μg/ml, the ethanol peel extract returned the TBARS and GSH levels to the normal level of RBCs (0.022 and 2.86 nmole/mg hemoglobin, respectively). -
Development of functional cookies with Cerrado fruits and residues: sensory analysis, nutrients, and bioactive compounds Original Article
CAMPOS, Clélia de Moura Fé; SOARES, Ana Karine de Oliveira; ABREU, Bruna Barbosa de; MORGANO, Marcelo Antônio; MOREIRA-ARAÚJO, Regilda Saraiva dos ReisResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, we determined the nutritional and functional characteristics of cookies supplemented with chichá almond, gurguéia nut, and soursop residue using two developed cookie formulations and one standard formulation. Acceptance and purchase intention were evaluated. As the chichá almond 6 and gurguéia nut 2 formulations were sensorially viable, descriptive quantitative analysis, centesimal composition and caloric value, mineral levels, microbiological quality, bioactive compound levels, and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. In the hedonic scale test of the standard cookie, the chichá almond-6 and gurguéia nut-2 cookies obtained scores above 7 (“I liked it”) from 86.18%, 96.35%, and 93% of the evaluators, and 70.79%, 94.36%, and 83.2% of them said they would purchase the product, showing a statistically significant difference between formulations. The chichá almond 6 cookie presented higher ash, protein, lipid, copper, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, selenium, and zinc levels, and lower carbohydrate levels and total energy values, as well as a higher total phenolic compound, total flavonoid, and condensed tannin levels. The gurguéia nut 2 cookie showed higher vitamin C and antioxidant activity. The use of residue and Cerrado fruit flour proved to be viable in cookie production, conveying sensorially desirable, nutritional, and functional characteristics. -
Development and characterization of cookies using passion fruit from the caatinga (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) Original Article
LIMA, Evely Rocha; MATOS, Talita Batista; SOUSA, Tamires Reis de; PEREIRA, Ivan de Oliveira; PEREIRA, Rafael; PAULA, Solange Aparecida de; MILAGRES, Maria PatríciaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this study was to use the passion fruit peel P. cincinnata Mast., as a viable alternative to produce food (flour and cookies) that is rich in fiber and environmentally sustainable. For this, fruit peels were obtained, which were hygienized, dehydrated and ground in a knife mill in order to develop the flour, which was then used in different concentrations in three formulations of chip cookies (using 10%, 20% and 30% of the flour developed). Analyzes physicochemical and microbiological composition were performed for both flour and for the cookies developed and a sensorial acceptance test was performed for the cookies. It was possible to observe that the flour had an adequate centesimal composition, when it was about quality and safety, as well as health benefits. As for the physicochemical composition, the flour had 5.79 ± 0.11% of ashes; 78.23 ± 0.84% of total carbohydrates; 5.78 ± 0.11% moisture; 4.83 ± 0.00% acidity; 3.74 ± 0.04 pH; 1.66 ± 0.06% lipids; 8.59 ± 0.82% protein and 58,3 g/100g dietary fiber. The study demonstrates its nutritional quality by reducing the lipid content of the final product, by comparing the formulation with 30% of the flour developed to the standard formulation, as well as increasing the ash content and acidity and reducing its pH when compared to the standard formulation, promoting the safety and quality of food. Flour presented promising capacity in the development of functional foods, health promoters, and environmental conservation by avoiding its inappropriate disposal. -
Effects of dietary supplementation with quebracho tannins on oxidation parameters and shelf life of lamb meat Original Article
SANTOS, Sthefany Kamile dos; ROSSET, Michele; MIQUELETTO, Marcela Maíra; JESUS, Rebecca Mayre Miranda de; SOTOMAIOR, Cristina Santos; MACEDO, Renata Ernlund Freitas deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The physicochemical quality parameters of meat from finishing lambs supplemented with quebracho tannin extract (QTE) were evaluated. Lambs were assigned to four treatment groups: CON—animals fed basal diet (BD); QTE 1% (T1%)—BD + tannins at 1% dry matter intake (DMI); QTE 3% (T3%)—BD + tannins at 3% DMI; and QTE 6% (T6%)—BD + tannins at 6% DMI. Longissimus thoracis et lumborum samples were vacuum packaged and stored at 4 °C for 28 days. The samples were evaluated weekly for proximate composition, pH, color, myoglobin forms, cooking loss, shear force, lipid (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances—TBARS), and protein (carbonyl and thiol) oxidation. Chemical composition and pH did not vary among treatments. The meat from lambs fed with higher proportion of QTE (T6%) presented lower redness, chroma, and oxymyoglobin content, and higher yellowness, hue angle, cooking loss, shear force, TBARS, and carbonyl content than the meat from the other groups. Our findings indicate that higher dose of QTE may exert pro-oxidative effects in lamb meat, negatively affecting its quality. -
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 40 cases of COVID-19 outside Hubei Province, China Original Article
GAO, Ting; XU, Yangling; HE, Xiaopeng; XU, Xiaofeng; WANG, Lizhen; JIANG, Yindi; WU, Changgang; ZHANG, WenmingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore characteristics of patients with pneumonia infected by 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2019 outside Hubei Province, China. 40 patients with pneumonia infected by COVID-19 which were confirmed by COVID-19 nucleic acid test were included. Procalcitonin (PCT), serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and computed tomography (CT) manifestations were analyzed. 40% of patients had clear contact history with Wuhan or other areas of Hubei Province. 60% of patients were clustered diseases and 40% were imported cases. 75% of patients had initial fever, 7.5% had cough, 5% had sore throat at first. 45% had decreased lymphocyte count, 72.5% and 55% patients had increased levels of SAA and CRP. 72.5% of the patients showed multiple ground glass lesions in one or two lungs on chest CT. 90% of the patients with pneumonia are of the common type, and α-interferon atomization inhalation combined with Lopinavir/Ritonavir tablets were given to patients during treatment. 62.5% of the patients were treated with antibiotics, and 15% with hormone. All patients improved after treatment, and 14 patients were cured and discharged. Family cluster infection and asymptomatic infection may be the main way of spreading of COVID-19 pneumonia outside Hubei Province in China. -
Study on the mechanism of houttuynin inducing apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Original Article
LIU, Qian; LIU, Guangxuan; ZHU, Ying; CHAO, YingyanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Objective The paper investigated the effect and molecular mechanism of Houttuynin on breast cancer in vitro, so as to provide clinical basis for the treatment of breast cancer with Houttuynin. Methods: Cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and AO/EB double staining method. The expressions of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR proteins and their phosphorylation levels were determined by WB experiment. Results: Houttuynin can significantly inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and arrest cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Houttuynin induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells through two pathways, namely, mitochondria and death receptors. It was verified by WB experiment that Houttuynin could induce autophagy in breast cancer cells and reduce the expressions of PI3K, AKT, mTOR and other proteins. Conclusion: Houttuynin induced breast cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells. -
Suppression of cellular adhesion and the anticancer activity of Aralia elata extract Original Article
LEE, Je-HyukResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to provide a scientific basis for anti-arthritic and anticancer activities by inhibiting cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) expression by ingestion of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem (A. elata), which is used in traditional medicine in East Asia. A. elata extract inhibited the adhesion between monocytic THP-1 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) monolayers, respectively, compared to the TNF-α-treated group. The methanol extract of A. elata potently suppressed TNF-α-stimulated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin. Additionally, the methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts of A. elata exhibited significant cytotoxicity against stomach cancer, melanoma, and ovarian cancer cells; however, the butanol and aqueous extracts of A. elata were cytotoxic only against stomach cancer cells. A. elata is anticipated to inhibit atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer progression by suppressing the expression of CAMs in HUVECs -
Impact of different treatments on chemical composition, physical, anti-nutritional, antioxidant characteristics and in vitro starch digestibility of green-kernel black bean flours Original Article
LE, Ngoc Lieu; LE, Thanh Thi Ha; NGUYEN, Nguyet Thi Minh; VU, Linh Tran KhanhResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Green-kernel black bean (Vigna cylindrica (L.) Skeels) were processed with various treatments including soaking, roasting, cooking, autoclave and germination. The effects of these treatments on the chemical compostion, mineral, anti-nutrients, antioxidant and physical properties of the resultant flours were analyzed. The results indicate that green-kernel black bean was excellent sources of dietary fiber (165.4 g/kg), magnesium (2190 mg/kg), anthocyanin (791.6 mg/kg) and phenolic compounds (4.4 g gallic acid equivalent/kg), which were virtually higher than those reported for other pulses. Among the studied processing methods, cooking and autoclave provided the most evident effects on all flour characteristics, where the water holing capacity was enhanced and the flour became brighter. In addition, the levels of anti-nutrients such as tannin, saponin and trypsin inhibitors remarkably reduced and hence the starch digestibility was improved. However, antioxidant compounds were degraded or lost, leading to lower antioxidant capacities in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). On the other hand, germination resulted in lesser reduction of anti-nutrients but lesser losses of antioxidants and good starch digestibility. Meanwhile, roasting caused the least effects on flour characteristics but was still able to partially degrade anti-nutrients. -
Probiotic lactobacilli in faeces of breastfed babies Original Article
DEMIROK, Nazan Tokatli; DURAK, Muhammed Zeki; ARICI, MuhammetResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Balanced colonization of the gastrointestinal tract in the newborn is very important for the acquisition of an immune system in infancy. Lactobacillus spp. is useful in human nutrition because of its potential probiotic and functional features. In this research, 27 strains were identified representing 104 species of Lactobacillus isolated from baby feces. The probiotic and functional properties of isolates were investigated. In this study, the sample consisted of 14 children aged 3-47 weeks who were breastfed. Strains were determined phenotypically by testing arginine hydrolysis, salt tolerance, production of gas from glucose, and growth at 15 and 45 °C. Isolated strains were genotypically characterized as Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (41), L. casei (17), L. fermentum (24), Lactobacillus spp. (11), and L. rhamnosus (11) using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Several strains of L. fermentum, and a majority of the strains of L. rhamnosus and L. casei/L. paracasei subsp. paracasei were able to produce hydrogen sulfide. Almost all strains showed antibacterial activity against the enteric pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Enteritidis. In this research, lactobacilli isolated from babies had probiotic properties. -
Optimization of superheated steam treatment conditions for wheat aleurone layer flour Original Article
JIN, Cancan; GUO, Jia; ZHU, Huixue; WEN, JipingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Although, wheat aleurone layer flour (WALF) is a good source of nutrients, it has certain disadvantages due relatively high levels of lipids and various of microorganisms and enzymes. Therefore, in the current study, the effect of superheated steam (SS) treatment on stabilization of WALF was investigated. This study aims to explore the effects of SS treatment on the degradation of free fatty acids of WALF under different conditions. The optimal process was obtained by an orthogonal optimization experiment, including optimized SS temperature, material moisture and treatment time. Results showed that the free fatty acids content of WALF significantly were decreased with SS treatment as the increase of treatment temperature, material moisture content and treatment times (p<0.05). Therefore, the optimum treatment conditions were selected during SS treatment. Compared with raw WALF, the activity of enzymes, total number of microbial colonies and phytate content in WALF were notably reduced after the SS of optimal condition. Nevertheless, its total dietary fiber content, insoluble dietary fiber content, pentosan content, total phenol content and total antioxidant capacity presented a remarkable increase (p<0.05). -
Effects of dehydrofreezing conditions on carrot β-carotene and kinetics of β -carotene change in dehydrofrozen carrots during storage Original Article
TUMER, Emre; TULEK, YahyaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Dehydrofreezing is a food freezing method in which the foods are partially dehydrated before freezing. In this study, carrots were frozen with convective (-30, -35, -40oC and 2 m/s airflow) and cryogenic methods after dehydrating them by different methods (osmotic dehydration, convective and vacuum drying). The effects of dehydration method, freezing conditions and storage time on β-carotene amounts of dehydrofrozen carrots and the changes in β-carotene content of dehydrofrozen carrots during storage for six months at -20oC were investigated. The findings obtained in this study showed that the reaction representing the carotene change in the storage process took place in accordance with the first-degree kinetic model. The reaction rate constants (k) were affected by freezing conditions, and the k value decreased as the freezing temperature decreased. The β-carotene losses were less in the storage process in the cryogenically frozen carrots compared to those frozen by the convective method. As the freezing temperature decreased, the half-life period increased. -
Nutraceutical potential, quality and sensory evaluation of camu-camu pure and mixed jelly Original Article
GRIGIO, Maria L.; MOURA, Elias A.; CARVALHO, Gabriella F.; ZANCHETTA, Jayne J.; CHAGAS, Pollyana C.; CHAGAS, Edvan A.; DURIGAN, Maria Fernanda B.Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this work was to formulate and to characterize chemically and physically different formulations of camu-camu jellies, with or without mixture of other fruits. Their sensory acceptance was evaluated by identifying the formulations with greater acceptability while maintaining their nutraceutical potential. The formulations were: camu-camu jelly, camu-camu jelly with jabuticaba, camu-camu jelly with guava, camu-camu jelly with acerola, camu-camu jelly with passion fruit and camu-camu jelly with papaya. Untrained tasters were used to assess consumer acceptability. In a second scale the purchase intention was evaluated. The following variables were also analyzed: pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio (SS/TA), ascorbic acid, total anthocyanins and flavonoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by the DPPH and FRAP methods. The results showed that camu-camu jelly without mixtures was not well accepted in the sensory test when compared to the others. The greatest preference was for mixed jams of camu-camu with guava and jabuticaba, in which they obtained greater acceptance and purchase intention. Jellies with higher levels of bioactive compounds and antioxitant activity obtained low acceptance and purchase intention, perhaps due to their high astringency. -
Determination of migrated formaldehyde from kitchenware using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Original Article
ALOTAIBI, Salman; ALOTHMAN, Zeid Abdullah; BADJAH, Ahmad Yacine; SIDDIQUI, Masoom Raza; WABAIDUR, Saikh Mohammad; ALMUTAIRI, Majed M.; ALHUSSAIN, Mohammad SaadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract A new GC-MS method is developed for the determination of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde exposure to the food materials may lead to its migration into food. The formaldehyde is reported to be toxic to human health if taken or exposed in higher than recommended quantity. This papers reports analytical method to get the information about the content of the formaldehyde in the kitchenware. Prior to the determination process, simulation study was performed to get the information about the migration of formaldehyde. Method was applied to the real samples for formaldehyde determination. It has been observed that the all the simulated real sample witnessed migration of formaldehyde from the kitchenware. Alongside the validation study was performed too, which suggest that the method is linear in the concentration range of 2.5 to 30 mg l-1. The precision study suggests a % RSD in the range of 0.568- 3.77 for all concentration points. The recovery study highlights an excellent recovery of the method which was found in the range of 97.64-99.43%. LOD and LOD of the method was found to be 0.35 and 1 ml l-1, which is equivalent to 0.05 and 0.142 mg l-1 of formaldehyde, respectively. -
Germination of five Indonesian brown rice: evaluation of antioxidant, bioactive compounds, fatty acids and pasting properties Original Article
MUNARKO, Hadi; SITANGGANG, Azis Boing; KUSNANDAR, Feri; BUDIJANTO, SlametResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Germination can alter the physicochemical, nutritional, and nutraceutical value of brown rice. This study aimed to evaluate some characteristic changes from five Indonesian brown rice varieties during germination. The germination was carried out through a complete soaking method for up to 120 h, and the samples were taken and analyzed every 24 h. The results showed that germination increased GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) content in brown rice. The highest level of GABA, up to 126.55 mg/100 g, obtained in rice var. Inpari 43, after 120 h. Germination also affected the changes in phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and γ-oryzanol, while fatty acid compositions showed no changes. The pasting properties changed significantly after germination, especially in peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and setback. In conclusion, the changes in brown rice characteristics during germination, especially for increased GABA content and shifting of pasting properties, are valuable information for developing functional rice-based food products. -
Anti-fatigue activities of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murry Original Article
ZHANG, Mengjie; XING, Lijie; WANG, Yuan; LUO, Ruifeng; LI, Xianyi; DONG, JuanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murry (LRAs) were used to explore the anti-fatigue activities of LRAs at different concentrations in a mouse fatigue model. Eight biochemical indexes were determined in liver tissue, muscle tissue and serum. The results showed that the LRAs used in the experiment mainly contained delphinium, petunidin and malvidin. During 21 days of gavage, there was no significant difference in mouse body weight. The exercise time of the LRA-exposed mice increased. LRAs could increase serum glucose (Glu), liver/muscle glycogen and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduce the vitality of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the levels of lactic acid (LD) and serum urea nitrogen (BUN). This study indicated that LRAs can enhance exercise endurance, increase sugar reserves, scavenge free radicals and improve metabolism, thereby increasing anti-fatigue activities. -
Determinants of hygienic handling of food by consumers in the COVID-19 pandemic context: A cross-sectional study in Vietnam Original Article
DANG, Huy Duc; DAM, Au Hai ThiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objectives of this research are trifold. The first is to unveil antecedents of food-handling behaviors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The second is to investigate the consistency of impacts of proposed determinants across different handling behaviors. The third is to confirm whether or not the premise of intention as the sole direct determinant of behavior in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) holds. As such, TPB served as the guiding theory, and Factor Analysis and Seemingly Unrelated Regression were used for data analysis. The results discuss the discrepancy of impacts between heterogeneous food-handling behaviors. The contribution of habit and information-seeking behavior across behaviors were confirmed, while the influence of income, minor, objective norm, perception of food risks, trust, perceived behavioral control, and intention was statistically significant but inconsistently differed between behaviors. The independent contributions of gender, age, education, subjective norm, and attitude were negligible. This paper’s findings offer evidence to highlight the role of volitional predictors to anticipate safe food-handling behaviors to suggest suitable policy interventions to reinforce the last line of heath defense in the household, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. -
Investigation into the bioavailability of synthesized phytosterol esters in vitro and in vivo using Caco-2 cell model and Wistar rats Original Article
WANG, Shirang; YU, Dianyu; SHI, Yongge; JIANG, Lianzhou; YANG, Fuming; YU, GuopingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Phytosterols are bioactive components capable of reducing the level of cholesterol in serum. In this study, phytosterol acetic ester (PA), phytosterol oleate ester (PO) and phytosterol linoleic ester (PL) were synthesized from phytosterol (PS) and organic acid to improve the solubility of phytosterols in oil. The purities of PA, PO and PL were 98.4, 95.9 and 95.7%, respectively. Caco-2 cell monolayers and Wistar rats were used to research the bioavailability of synthesized esters (PE) in vitro and in vivo. Experiments using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model showed that the transport mechanism of phytosterol esters was passive transport. Experiments in vivo showed that the PS content in rat blood reached the highest level at 3 h, with a value of 21.82 μg/mL. PS content in the liver was the highest at 3 h, with a value of 43.65 μg/g. Bioavailability of PL is the highest, reaching a value as high as 19.57%. Acute study in the rats showed that the PS concentration in blood was at the safe level, and it had no side effects for health. In conclusion, the bioavailability of PL and PO is better than PS, PL and PO have more advantages in application. -
Comparison of some characteristic properties of Diyarbakir Orgu cheese produced by traditional and industrial method Original Article
CANOZER, Candan; KÖSE, ŞenolResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Orgu cheese, widely produced and consumed in Turkey's South-eastern Anatolia region, is usually made from sheep's milk. In this study, 15 traditional and 15 industrially produced Orgu cheese samples were compared in terms of chemical, biochemical, mineral content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. While the mineral substance and antioxidant activity values of Orgu cheese samples produced by both traditional and industrial methods were close to each other, it was determined that there were differences in terms of chemical and biochemical content. The mineral content was obtained quite high and antioxidant activity was low in cheese samples. Also, the water-soluble extracts of cheese samples didn’t show any antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Escherichia coli ATCC 11303. It was detected that the production method and ripening conditions have a decisive effect on some basic characteristics of the examined cheeses. -
Antibacterial efficacy of lactic acid bacteria and bacteriocin isolated from Dadih’s against Staphylococcus aureus Original Article
PATO, Usman; RIFTYAN, Emma; AYU, Dewi Fortuna; JONNAIDI, Nia Naidya; WAHYUNI, Mimi Sri; FERUNI, Jeska Aryaningsih; ABDEL-WAHHAB, Mosaad AttiaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Bacteriocin, a peptide produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) widely used as a natural and safe preservative in food products. This work aimed to evaluate the characterization of bacteriocin from dadih’s LAB and to study its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Supernatant from 12 LBA strains could inhibit S. aureus growth with different inhibition zones. Only nine strains showed inhibition zones of > 3.5 mm and were further evaluated for their antibacterial compounds. Three strains had antimicrobial activity derived from organic acids, especially lactic acid, and six strains had antimicrobial compounds in the form of bacteriocin. Bacteriocin strain R-55 showed the highest activity against S. aureus, with an average inhibition zone of 8.43 mm. The molecular weight of the purified isolated bacteriocin from the R-55 strain was 14.4 kDa. Bacteriocin obtained from St. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens R-55 is a promising natural preservative to prevent the growth of S. aureus as foodborne pathogens. -
Berberis crataegina DC. as a novel natural food colorant source: ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization using response surface methodology and thermal stability studies Original Article
DEMIRCI, Mehmet; TOMAS, Merve; TEKIN-ÇAKMAK, Zeynep Hazal; KARASU, SalihResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the potential use of anthocyanin of Berberis crataegina DC. as a natural food coloring agent in the food industry. For this aim, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method was performed to extract anthocyanin of Berberis crataegina DC. The effect of ultrasound power (X1: 20-100%), extraction temperature (X2: 20-60 °C), and time (X3: 10-20 min) on TPC and TAC of Berberis crataegina DC. extracts were examined and optimized by applying the Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD) with the response surface methodology (RSM). The influence of three independent variables and their combinatorial interactions on TPC and TAC were investigated by the quadratic models (R2: 0.9638&0.9892 and adj R2:0.9171&0.9654, respectively). The optimum conditions were determined as the amplitude level of 98%, the temperature of 57.41 °C, and extraction time of 13.86 min. The main anthocyanin compounds were identified, namely, Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, Petunidin-3-O-glucoside, Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, and Peonidin-3-O-glucoside. The anthocyanin degradation showed first-order kinetic, degradation rate constant (k), the half-life values (t1/2), and loss (%) were significantly affected by different temperatures (P < 0.05). Higher degradation (k) in anthocyanin content was observed at 90 °C. This study suggested that UAE is an efficient method for the extraction of TPC and TAC from Berberis crataegina DC. -
Physicochemical and sensory evaluation of greek style yoghurt with bovine colostrum Original Article
SILVA, Emerson Gabriel dos Santos Oliveira; ANAYA, Katya; BEZERRA, Maria de Fátima; MACÊDO, Cláudia Souza; URBANO, Stela Antas; BORBA, Luís Henrique Fernandes; BARBOSA, Idiana de Macedo; RAMALHO, Heryka Myrna Maia; CIPOLAT-GOTET, Claudio; GALDINO, Alyne Batista da Silva; OLIVEIRA, Juliana Paula Felipe de; RANGEL, Adriano Henrique do NascimentoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to develop Greek style yoghurts with the addition of bovine colostrum. Four yoghurt formulations were produced with different colostrum content (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). The fat, protein, total solids, ash, retinol levels were quantified as well as the colour was measured. A sensory analysis was conducted with 103 untrained panelists, evaluating the attributes of appearance, aroma, consistency, flavour, overall acceptance and the purchase intention. Colostrum addition increased the fat and protein levels in the yoghurt formulations. The Greek style yoghurts with bovine colostrum reached sensory acceptance above 70% for all attributes. -
Rocket seed (Eruca sativa Mill) gum: physicochemical and comprehensive rheological characterization Original Article
KUTLU, Gözde; AKCICEK, Alican; BOZKURT, Fatih; KARASU, Salih; TEKIN-CAKMAK, Zeynep HazalResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to determine the physicochemical and rheological characterization of Rocket seed gum (RSG) as a plant-based natural gum. Moisture, ash, protein, monosaccharide composition, and pH value were determined. Mannose and galactose were the main monosaccharides with a ratio of (mannose/galactose) 1.52. The absorptions at wavenumber 2855 cm-1 and 2922 cm-1 indicate the presence of galactose and arabinose. RSG showed shear-thinning flow behavior at all concentrations. The K value of the RSG ranged between 0.24 and 6.31 Pa.sn and significantly increased with increased gum concentration. Hysteresis area was found 11.53-183.23 and increased with increasing gum concentration. The percentage recovery for the G′ was significantly affected by gum concentrations and found as 42.54-81.20. RSG showed a solid-like structure, the storage modulus (G′) was higher than the loss modulus (G′′) in all frequency range. G′ and G′′ value increased with increased RSG concentration. The physicochemical and rheological characterization indicated that RSG could be evaluated as thickeners and gelling agents in the food industry. -
Carcass characteristics, meat quality and composition of lambs finished in cultivated pastures Original Article
ARAÚJO, Cynthia Gabriela Fernandes de; COSTA, Marcone Geraldo; DIFANTE, Gelson dos Santos; EMERENCIANO NETO, João Virgínio; GURGEL, Antonio Leandro Chaves; COSTA, Carolina Marques; ARAÚJO, Itânia Maria Medeiros de; SILVA, Maria Gabriela da Trindade; MEDEIROS, Mariana CampeloResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Thirty-two Santa Inês male lambs, not castrated, were distributed in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of different tropical forage cultivars (two Panicum maximum (Syn. Megathyrsus maximus): Aruana and Massai, and two Brachiaria brizantha (Syn. Urochloa brizantha) Marandu and Piatã) on carcass characteristics, quality, physical composition, and meat chemistry. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance, and the means compared using the Tukey test at 5% significance. There was no effect of cultivars on body weight, slaughter weight, and biometric measurements of the carcass. The Aruana and Piatã cultivars provided higher weights of hot and cold carcasses when compared to the Massai and the Marandu had no significant differences compared to the others. The animals kept in the pasture of the Aruana cultivar showed higher shank yields. However, forage cultivars did not affect the ribeye area or subcutaneous fat thickness. There was also no effect of cultivar on pH, temperature, cooking losses, cooling losses, and meat shear strength. The cultivars did not change the quality and composition of the meat. However, the Aruana, Piatã, and Marandu cultivars were the ones that provided higher carcass weights and ham yields. -
Effect of α-cyperone-containing serum on H2O2-induced oxidative stress of ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis in rats Original Article
HU, Liping; CHEN, Li; CHEN, MeijingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Objective The paper investigated the effect and mechanism of α-Cyperone-containing serum on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis in rats. Methods: Female SD rats of 21-25 days old were obtained. Mechanical separation and trypsin digestion method were used to collect rat ovarian granulosa cells. H2O2 of 50 μM, 100 μM, 200 μM, 500 μM, and 1000 μM were applied to intervene in ovarian granulosa cells. CCK-8 method was employed to screen appropriate drug concentration and establish rat ovarian granulosa cell oxidative stress model. 5%, 10%, and 20% drug-containing serum intervention were performed, CCK-8 method was used to screen serum concentration and intervention time. 200 nm, 400 nm, and 800 nm JNK signaling pathway inhibitor SP600125 were used to intervene with oxidatively stressed ovarian granulosa cells, and CCK-8 method was applied to screen the appropriate concentration. Ovarian granulosa cells in the logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into the blank group, the H2O2 intervention oxidative stress model group (the model group), the drug-containing serum group, and the JNK pathway inhibitor group. After intervention, the laser confocal microscope was used to observe the expressions of intracellular ROS, and the average optical density of each group was compared. The laser confocal microscope was used to observe TUNEL staining, and the apoptosis rate of each group was compared. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of p-JNK, Bax, and caspase-3 proteins. Results: 200 μM H2O2 was used to induce ovarian granulosa cell model of oxidative stress. The optimal concentration of drug-containing serum was 10%, and the intervention time was 24 h. The intervention concentration of JNK signal pathway inhibitor SP600125 was 800 nm. Compared with the blank group, the average optical density of intracellular ROS and apoptosis rate increased in the model group, the drug treatment group, and the JNK pathway inhibitor group. Compared with the model group and the JNK pathway inhibitor group, the intracellular ROS expression and apoptosis rate of the drug group decreased. The Western blot expressions of p-JNK, Bax, and caspase-3 proteins in the model group were higher than that of the blank group, the drug administration group, and the JNK pathway inhibitor group. Conclusion: The serum containing α-Cyperone may inhibit the ROS-JNK signaling pathway and reduce the H2O2-induced oxidative stress ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. -
Effects of egg parts addition on colour, textural and sensory properties of block-type melted cheese: a case study Original Article
ÇAVUŞ, Mustafa; YURT, Bayram; CANKURT, HasanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, by the addition of chicken egg the production possibilities of the block-typed processed cheese and the changes that occur on the various properties due to the storage of the produced cheese were analyzed. Before the blanching, three different parts of the egg; albumen, yolk and whloe egg were added to the processed cheese formulation. The cheeses were analyzed on the first, 15th, 30th and 60th days. The physico-chemical, textural and sensory characteristics of the cheese samples were tested. It was determined out of the obtained results that the use of the chicken egg was decreased in the values of L*, a* and b*. According to the texture results, the control sample stood out to be the cheese type that has the highest hardness. Of all the parameters, the sample with yolked-cheese got the highest point according to the results of the sensory evaluation. The use of yolk affected positively both the structure and the appearance. At the end of this study, it is found out that the use of chicken egg in the production of the block-typed processed cheese did not cause any drawback in terms of both production process, shelf life and from the sensory point. -
Antioxidant activity, sensory analysis and acceptability of red fruit juice supplemented with Brazilian green propolis Original Article
LOPES, Géssica Aparecida; FIDELIS, Priscila Cardoso; ALMEIDA, Bruno Moura de; ALMEIDA, Jane José; IENTZ, Gislaine de Almeida Santana; BINDA, Nancy Scardua; TEIXEIRA, Arthur Ferrari; VIEIRA-FILHO, Sidney Augusto; CALIGIORNE, Rachel Basques; SAÚDE-GUIMARÃES, Dênia Antunes; BRUMANO, Maria Helena Nasser; FIGUEIREDO, Sônia Maria deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this work were determining the total phenolic content, total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity in formulations of red fruit juice supplemented with different concentrations of aqueous extract of Brazilian green propolis. And, also was investigate the formulation sensory acceptance by volunteers’ consumers. The addition of propolis to red fruit juice increased the content of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, enhanced the antioxidant activity of the final product as assessed by radical scavenging DPPH and ABTS and FRAP methods, and no negative effect on consumer taste. All red fruit juice formulations containing propolis presented significant results through overall acceptability test and were approved in relation to purchase intent by the volunteer consumers. Formulation F3 (6.1 mg.mL-1) showed the best results. The antioxidant activity increment was proportional to the concentration of aqueous green propolis extracts added to the juice. The positive purchase intention reached up 64.75% of participants' acceptance. A new, sugar-free drink with pleasurable sensory and functional properties, combined with health benefits, has been obtained. -
In vitro evaluation of probiotic bacteria and yeast growth, pH changes and metabolites produced in a pure culture system using protein base products with various added carbon sources Original Article
KAREENA, Asrof; SIRIPONGVUTIKORN, Sunisa; USAWAKESMANEE, Worapong; WICHIENCHOT, SantadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the changes number of cells of the two selected probiotic bacteria, B. longum TISTR2195 and L. plantarum TISTR1465, and yeast S. cerevisiae TISTR8656. The microorganisms were cultured in two types of media, namely selective media and protein base model. Selective media were divided into 4 sub-groups: with 2% glucose added as a positive control (i), inulin (ii), fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) (iii), and without added carbon source as negative control (iv). Protein base media had chicken egg and coconut juice, baker’s yeast and potassium chloride (i), with 9% FOS (ii), or inulin (iii), or 7.34% whey protein (iv) to verify growth. All the probiotics were able to utilize inulin and FOS to growth. The numbers of cells increased with incubation time. However, L. plantarum produced an acidic in the selective culture medium significantly. Protein based with FOS and inulin added supported all probiotics growth. In addition, acetic acid content was the highest among short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced. B. longum produced acetic acid very fast within 24 h. L. plantarum cultured in inulin added provided the peak level of acetic acid at 72 h. However, S. cerevisiae tended to decrease the SCFAs with incubation time. -
Drying kinetics of araticum (Annona crassiflora) epicarp Original Article
ATAIDES, Iva Manoela Rocha; OLIVEIRA, Daniel Emanuel Cabral de; FERREIRA JUNIOR, Weder Nunes; RESENDE, Osvaldo; QUEQUETO, Wellytton DarciResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Araticum (Annona crassiflora) fruits have relevant characteristics for industrialization, a characteristic aroma and a slightly acidic flavor, with relevant amounts of vitamins A, C, B1 and B2. The objective of this study was to fit different mathematical models to the experimental data, evaluate the effective diffusion coefficient and determine the activation energy for the araticum epicarp subjected to different drying conditions. The epicarps of araticum fruits were dried at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. Midilli, Logarithmic and Two Terms models can be used to represent the drying of araticum epicarp, and the Two Terms model was selected according to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Schwarz’s Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The linear model satisfactorily represented the effective diffusion coefficient as a function of drying temperature. In the evaluation of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy, both enthalpy and entropy tend to decrease when temperature increases. The higher the temperature used for drying of araticum epicarp, the lower the value of diffusivity, i.e., the lower the resistance to water removal. -
Rheological, textural, and sensory properties of non-fat yogurt containing cress (Lepidium sativum) seed gum and various starches Original Article
HUSSAIN, Shahzad; MOHAMED, Abdellatif Abdelhakim; ALAMRI, Mohamed Saleh; SALEH, Ali; IBRAHEEM, Mohamed Abdrabo; ABDO QASEM, Akram Ahmed; SHAMLAN, Ghalia; ABABTAIN, Ibrahim AbdullahResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of cress (Lepidium sativum) seed gum (CG) and various starches on the viscosity, viscoelasticity, texture, syneresis, and sensory quality of non-fat yogurt after up to 7 days in cold storage. Yogurt was prepared with CG alone or in combination with one of four different starches: sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas; SPS), chickpea (Cicer arietinum; CPS), corn (Zea mays; CS), or Turkish bean (Phaseolus vulgaris; TBS). All the yogurt samples had pseudoplastic propertie (n < 1) irrespective of the storage time, while samples containing CG with SPS or CPS had the highest consistency coefficients (k) at 0 and 7 days, respectively. The sample containing CG with CPS also had the highest elastic modulus (G’), irrespective of the storage time, suggesting the formation of a solid-like gel. The addition of CG alone or in combination with any of the starches conferred significant firmness to the yogurt samples, while the addition of CG together with starch significantly reduced wheying-off and improved the sensory acceptability compared with the control. -
Valorization of roasted longan stone in production of functional biscuits with high antioxidant activity and dietary fiber Original Article
BÖLEK, SibelResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Being waste products of the food industry, longan stones can be a promising functional food ingredient owing to their high fiber content, nutrients and antioxidative properties. Biscuits were enriched with roasted and unroasted longan stone powder. The longan stones were roasted at 170 °C for 5, 15, and 25 min by using a fluidized bed roaster. Longan stone powders were incorporated in wheat flours at different concentrations. Biscuits were obtained with higher fiber content (5.72 ± 0.03%) and lower fat content (12.50 ± 0.02%) compared to the control biscuits. Antioxidant activity (51.18 ± 0.02% inhibition) and total phenolic contents (394.61 ± 0.63 mg GAE/100 g) of the biscuits increased significantly as the roasting degree of added longan stone powder increased (p≤0.05). Biscuits enriched with longan stone powder roasted during 15 minutes took higher sensory scores than control biscuits and biscuits enriched with unroasted longan stone powder. The roasting process increased the acceptability of addition longan stone powder. -
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of aconite alkaloids in Aconiti kusnezoffii Radix, and NO inhibitory activity evaluation of the alkaloid extracts Original Article
LI, Qin-Yu; WU, Bo; GONG, Xue; WANG, Wen-Shuo; ZHU, Jia-Xin; ZHANG, Chun-Hong; ZHANG, NaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Aconiti kusnezoffii Radix (Caowu), a traditional Chinese medicine and Mongolian medicine, has been commonly used owing to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we performed a qualitative analysis of aconite alkaloids (AAs) in raw and processed Aconiti kusnezoffii Radix by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we quantified benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypaconine, aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in raw and processed Aconiti kusnezoffii Radix using a HPLC system coupled with a diode array detector. The analysis of AA fragmentation patterns in positive electrospray ionization mode revealed 155 AAs, including 6 with unambiguous identities, 109 with putative assignments, and 40 unknown compounds. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 macrophages were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of the alkaloid extracts of Aconiti kusnezoffii Radix. Importantly, alkaloid extracts of Aconiti kusnezoffii Radix at three different concentrations exhibited protective effect against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Thus, the proposed method can be used not only for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of Aconiti kusnezoffii Radix, but also for evaluating other Aconitum spp. Our study lays a foundation for the clinical application of poisonous Aconitum. -
Extraction of baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and its alleviative effect on acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats Original Article
BAO, Hongju; ZHAO, Daguo; DU, XianrongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study baicalin was extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and applied to alleviate the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in rats. The baicalin with 89.53% purity was successfully extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Sixty-five rats were randomly divided into control, model and low-, middle- and high-dose baicalin groups. The oleic acid-induced ARDS model was established in model and baicalin groups. The low-, middle- and high-dose baicalin groups were treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg baicalin, respectively. After 3 h from treatment, compared with model group, in baicalin groups the arterial oxygen partial pressure and oxygenation index were obviously enhanced, the left lung ratio wet weight to dry weight and number of neutrophil, total protein content, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly decreased, and the lung tissue high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 protein expression levels were significantly decreased. In conclusion, baicalin may alleviate the ARDS in rats by reducing the inflammatory response via inhibiting the HMGB1/NF-κB signal pathway. -
Study on Forsythin promoting apoptosis of laryngeal carcinoma cells by regulating miRNA-1469 Original Article
Guo, Zhaomeng; Zhao, Peng; Zhu, Xiaojia; Wen, Futang; Liu, Jiangqi; Qiu, ShuqiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Objective The paper aimed to explore the mechanism of Forsythin regulating miRNA expression in laryngeal carcinoma cells, and to clarify the molecular biological mechanism of Forsythin regulating miRNA to promote the apoptosis of laryngeal carcinoma cells, providing theoretical and experimental basis for clinical application of Forsythin as an anti-laryngeal cancer treatment drug. Methods: A miR-1469 low-expression laryngeal carcinoma cell line was established. Western blot and flow cytometry were applied to detect the effect of Forsythin on cell apoptosis. Western blot was employed to detect the effects of Forsythin on P53 protein, P53 low expression, and P53 overexpression in laryngeal carcinoma cells, as well as the effects on overexpression of miRNA-1469, and on double low expression of P53 and Mcl1. Real-time PCR method was used to detect the effect of miR-1469 on p53 low expression in laryngeal carcinoma cells. Results: Flow cytometry detection of cell apoptosis showed that, after the cells with low miR-1469 expression were treated with Forsythin, the apoptosis rate was significantly reduced. Western blot detection showed that, compared with the Control group, the expression level of miR-1469 was significantly reduced after Forsythin administration in Hep2 cells with low expression of P53. Compared with the idle Control group, the apoptosis level of laryngeal carcinoma cells in Hep2 cells with low expression of P53 was significantly reduced. In Hep2 cells transfected with P53 overexpression plasmids, apoptosis level of laryngeal carcinoma cells increased. Compared with the idle Control group, the apoptosis level of laryngeal carcinoma cells in the single-transformed P53 shRNA group decreased, while the apoptosis level of the double-transformed miR-1469 mimic+P53 shRNA group increased again. After drug treatment, the apoptosis level of the single-transformed P53 shRNA group decreased, while the apoptosis level of the double-transformed Mcl1 shRNA+P53 shRNA group increased again. Conclusion: Forsythin can promote the apoptosis of laryngeal carcinoma cells by up-regulating the expression of miR-1469 and then down-regulating the expression of Mcl1. The drug can up-regulate the expression of miR-1469 by elevating the expression of P53. miR-1469 can promote the apoptosis of laryngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting the expression of its downstream target gene Mcl1. -
Phenolic content, antioxidant and antifungal activity of jackfruit extracts (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.). Original Article
CHAVEZ-SANTIAGO, Joaquín Omar; RODRÍGUEZ-CASTILLEJOS, Guadalupe Concepción; MONTENEGRO, Gloria; BRIDI, Raquel; VALDÉS-GÓMEZ, Héctor; ALVARADO-REYNA, Sofía; CASTILLO-RUIZ, Octelina; SANTIAGO-ADAME, RubénResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is a fruit of tropical and subtropical zones of the world, is an important source of phytochemicals (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins). Several studies have associated phytochemicals with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The objective of this work was to analyze the polyphenolic content, the antioxidant and antifungal properties of jackfruit extracts on phytopathogenic fungi. Two phenolic extracts of jackfruit of different maturity level (J1-J2) were used. The total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoids (TFC) by the aluminum chloride method, the free radical trapping potential was measured using FRAP and ORAC methods. The results showed a TPC of 844 and 1,178 mgEAG/100 g and TFC of 37 and 68 mgQE/100 g, of dry jackfruit, the antioxidant potential analysis by FRAP was 7,575 and 8,691, by ORAC was 13.369 and 14.728 µmol Trolox/100 g, of dry jackfruit for J1 and J2 respectively. Additionally, it was observed that the phenolic extracts of jackfruit reduced the mycelial growth of: Penicillium digitatum (20-14%), Geotrichum candidum (56-55%), Aspergillus niger (72-67%) and Botrytis cinerea (100%-100%) for J1 and J2 respectively. We conclude that regardless of the degree of maturity, jackfruit has antioxidant and antifungal properties on phytopathogens important in agriculture. -
How ice cream manufactured with concentrated milk serves as a protective probiotic carrier? An in vitro gastrointestinal assay Original Article
CAMELO-SILVA, Callebe; BARROS, Eulália Lopes da Silva; VERRUCK, Silvani; MARAN, Bruna Marchesan; CANELLA, Maria Helena Machado; ESMERINO, Erick Almeida; SILVA, Ramon; PRUDENCIO, Elane SchwindenResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The skimmed milk was previously concentrated by the block freeze concentration and, thus, used in the manufacture of an ice cream sample with Bifidobacterium BB-12 addition. This sample was compared with two control samples, one ice cream manufactured with skimmed milk, and the other an MRS broth, which supplies an excellent base for comparison of the bacterial survival. All three samples were submitted to the in vitro gastrointestinal assays from the mouth to the large intestine. The initial Bifidobacterium BB-12 viable cell count (> 8 log CFU/g or mL) of both ice cream samples ensured their classification as probiotic products. This behavior was noted during all in vitro steps (from the mouth until the colon). From the mouth to the ileum was observed that both ice creams showed a slight oscillatory probiotic count. For the ice cream manufactured with concentrated milk, it was observed a high bifidobacteria protective effect in the descending colon, with probiotic viable cells count and recovery rate values equal to 9.88 log CFU/g and 112.02%, respectively. Finally, it was possible to conclude that as well as the ice cream with milk, the concentrated milk served as a succesful probiotic carrier. -
Increased total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and γ-aminobutyric acid content of roasted germinated native Thai black rice and its microstructure Original Article
MONGKONTANAWAT, Naruemon; UEDA, Yuto; YASUDA, ShinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The effects of roasting on the colour parameters, anthocyanin content, total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, and the microstructure of germinated Thai black rice (GTBR: non-waxy) and germinated Thai black sticky rice (GTBSR: waxy) were appraised. The results revealed that both types of roasted germinated Thai black rice showed an increase in all lightness (L*), redness(a*) and yellowness (b*). For the chemical properties, only the concentration of anthocyanin slightly decreased, whereas the total polyphenol content, ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, and GABA content markedly increased after roasting. Moreover, images of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) displayed that both germinated black rice grains became more compact and had a tight shape in the surface structure. Additionally, small pores were found in the GTBR and large pores were present in the GTBSR rice kernel when compared with the unroasted black rice in the internal structure. Together,the roasting process was capable of enhancing the GABA and phenolic contents, and antioxidative capacity in both the GTBR and GTBSR. -
Effect of gelatin-based active coatings formulated with rosemary extract on quality of cold stored meatballs Original Article
TORUSDAĞ, Gülşen Berat; GÜMÜŞ, Sümeyra; BORAN, GökhanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Meatballs were coated by gelatin-based mixes incorporated with potassium sorbate and rosemary extract. Coated samples were evaluated by free fatty acids (FFAs), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content. In addition, texture profile analysis (TPA) was performed to evaluate the textural features of meatballs. Uncoated sample as control along with 3 other samples coated by different formulations were stored in zipped plastic bags at +4 °C for 10 days. No significant difference was observed between samples regarding FFA and TBARS although coating with potassium sorbate showed suppressive effect on TVB-N initially. The starting pH of meatball was 6.22 and the coatings generally limited the change in pH compared to the control. Although significant differences in color were observed due to the color of coating itself, the coatings limited the variations in color to some extent. Other quality parameters were not improved much with the studied formulations. It is concluded that active edible coatings might be utilized in muscle foods for preservation and shelf-life extension if appropriately formulated and applied. Comprehensive studies are needed to determine the performance of carrier polymers in release of active ingredients and suitable formulations for every single group of food. -
Effect of milk kind on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of synbiotic kefirs containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-11 accompanied with inulin Original Article
BURAN, İlkay; AKAL, Havva Ceren; OZTURKOĞLU-BUDAK, Sebnem; YETISEMIYEN, AtilaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, synbiotic kefir types were produced by the addition of probiotic bacteria and prebiotics to cow and goat milk. Commercial DVS kefir cultures, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-11 as probiotic cultures and inulin as prebiotic for the production of the kefir samples. The effect of the different probiotics and prebiotic on some characteristics of kefir made from cow and goat milk was investigated. Titratable acidity, tyrosine content, volatile components and sensory properties of samples were examined on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day of storage. According to the results, titratable acidity and tyrosine amount in kefir increased during the storage period. There was a gradual increase in the acetaldehyde value of kefir made from cow milk during the storage period, whereas there were no regular changes obtained in the kefir produced from goat milk. However, the diacetyl content varied in all the synbiotic products during storage. The total acceptability results showed that the synbiotic kefir made from cow milk was more preferred to the one made from goat milk. -
Nutrient evaluation of the seed, pulp, flesh, and peel of spaghetti squash Original Article
LI, Yang; S RAMASWAMY, Hosahalli; LI, Jiajia; GAO, Yuexia; YANG, Chenyu; ZHANG, Xiaorong; IRSHAD, Ahmad; REN, YameiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of the seed, pulp, flesh, and peel of spaghetti squash (SS) in order to assess its nutritional and health benefits. Results showed that several of the following nutrients were found in significant amounts in different parts of SS: fat, protein, amino acids like cystine, vitamins, and mineral elements like selenium in the seeds; vitamin C and trigonelline in the flesh; and calcium and tartronic acid in the peel. Analysis of the index of nutritional quality for Ca, P, K, Na, Fe, Zn, VA, VB1, VB2, VC, non-fiber carbohydrate, protein, fat, and dietary fiber revealed that the SS seed, pulp, flesh, and peel are excellent sources of protein, dietary fiber, vitamin C, and minerals. The seed was a source of several nutritional components that could improve the growth and development in children, the flesh contained components that help to maintain blood glucose stability and assist hypoglycemic function, and the peel contributes calcium and weight-loss products to help increase bone density and reduce weigh respectively. These results suggest that spaghetti squash makes a source of valuable nutraceuticals. -
Extraction and purification of oridonin from Rabdosia rubescens and its protective effect on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury in rats Original Article
LI, Tie; WANG, Xueyan; DONG, KunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Oridonin was extracted and purified from Rabdosia rubescens and its protective effect on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain injury in rats was investigated. The rats were divided into sham, model, low-dose oridonin, middle-dose oridonin and high-dose oridonin groups. The ICH-induced brain injury model was established in latter four groups. After modeling, the low-, middle- and high-dose oridonin groups were treated with 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg oridonin at 2h and 24 h after modeling, respectively. Results showed that, after 48 after modeling, compared with model group, in middle- and high-dose oridonin groups the modified Neurological Severity Score was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the brain water content was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the brain tissue tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 protein levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the brain tissue erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, oridonin from Rabdosia rubescens can mitigate the ICH-induced brain injury in rats. The mechanism may be related to its reduction of inflammatory response and oxidative stress by inhibiting NF-κB inflammatory pathway and promoting Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway in brain tissues. -
MiR-206 is involved in neuroprotective effects of Dexmedetomidine in H2O2-induced SK-N-SH cells by targeting ANXA1 Original Article
ZHU, Pin; ZHANG, Xiaobao; CHENG, Zhi; YANG, Qianqian; LUAN, Hengfei; WANG, ZhipingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study focused on exploring the neuroprotective role of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) and miR-206 in H2O2-induced SK-N-SH cells. First, we dectected the cell viability, apotosis, oxidative stress and miR-206 expression in H2O2-treated SK-N-SH cells.Next, we examined above content in H2O2-induced SK-N-SH cells though DEX treatment. Besides, the level of cell viability, apotosis, oxidative stress were evaluated in H2O2-treated SK-N-SH cells transfected with miR-206 mimics and miR-206 inhibitor. Moreover, the target gene of miR-206 were predicted and verifed by binformatics tools and luciferase reporter assay. These data indicated that H2O2 evoked the apotosis, oxidative stress and inhibition of miR-206 expression in SK-N-SH cells in a dose manner. Besides, DEX attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative damage, apotosis and promoted miR-206 expression in SK-N-SH cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-206 augmented the cell viablity as well as suppressed apotosis and oxidative stress in H2O2-induced SK-N-SH cells, while down-expression of miR-206 showed opppsite effects. Further, Annexin A1 (ANXA1) was verified as a directly target of miR-206, and over-expression of ANXA1 could slack the neuroprotective effect of miR-206 in H2O2-induced SK-N-SH cells. DEX exerted neuroprotective effects on H2O2-treated SK-N-SH cells in vitro by negatively reguating ANXA1 expression via activation of miR-206. -
Micronutrient requirements and effects on cellular growth of acetic acid bacteria involved in vinegar production Original Article
SANTOS JÚNIOR, Vitório dos; NIZOLI, Érico; GALVAN, Diego; GOMES, Rodrigo José; BIZ, Guilherme; RESSUTTE, Jéssica Barrionuevo; ROCHA, Thais de Souza; SPINOSA, Wilma AparecidaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to verify the need for minerals and vitamins to increase the production of cell mass by acetic acid bacteria (AAB) isolated from the vinegar industry (086/06) and standard strain (Acetobacter aceti CCT 2565). Five minerals (Mo, B, Zn, Fe, and Mn) and eight vitamins (p-aminobenzoic acid, thiamine, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, cyanocobalamin, and inositol) were tested in a fractional factorial design. To prepare the inoculum, different compositions of MYP (mannitol, yeast, and peptone) medium were tested. The most adequate medium was mannitol 25 g/L, yeast extract 0.625 g/L, and peptone 0.375 g/L. Through contour curves, it was determined that strain 086/06 needed supplementation with minerals Mo, B and Mn and vitamins p-aminobenzoic acid, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin. Standard strain CCT 2565 needed supplementation of all minerals and vitamins studied, except inositol. The lower requirement of micronutrients for high cell multiplication of the 086/06 strain may be related to the adaptation of strain 086/06 to industrial production conditions. -
Production of healthy mixed vegetable beverage: antioxidant capacity, physicochemical and sensorial properties Original Article
PINTO, Daiane dos Santos; SILVA, Sandra dos Santos; FIGUEIREDO, Raimundo Wilane de; MENEZES, Fernando Lima de; CASTRO, Janevane Silva de; PIMENTA, Antônia Torres Ávila; SANTOS, João Evangelista de Ávila dos; NASCIMENTO, Ronaldo Ferreira do; GABAN, Socorro Vanesca FrotaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The present study aimed to develop and perform physicochemical and sensory analyses of new vegetable beverage with cashew nuts (C), brown rice, and prunes (P). Four formulations (F) were developed: F1: 3% C + 9% P; F2: 6% C + 9% P; F3: 3% C + 12% P; F4: 6% C + 12% P. All formulations had good acceptance with grades ranging from 6.14 to 7.23. Among formulations, F3 showed more promising from a functional and sensory point of view, since presented a higher content of oleic acid and antioxidant activity, and showed lower values for calories, lipids and viscosity compared to all other formulations. It was concluded that it was technically possible to develop an alternative vegetable beverage for those allergic to cow's milk, those with lactose intolerance, and people with obesity or cardiovascular and digestive problems. -
Efficacy of pembrolizumab combined with anlotinib in 3 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer Original Article
ZHU, Haoshuai; ZENG, Bo; ZOU, Jianyong; SU, ChunhuaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is any type of epithelial lung cancer and accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers. Pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, is approved to treat patients with advanced NSCLC. Anlotinib, a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved in China for treating patients with advanced NSCLC with progression or recurrence after ≥ 2 lines of systemic chemotherapy. Whether pembrolizumab combined with anlotinib has synergistic effects on treating advanced NSCLC patients remains unclear. Here we reported that three cases of patients with advanced NSCLC had a good response and a long time of PR to pembrolizumab combined with anlotinib treatment, indicating that combined administration of pembrolizumab and anlotinib can be optional management for advanced NSCLC. -
Effects of raw materials proportions on the sensory quality and antioxidant activities of apple/berry juice Original Article
TAN, Chang; LI, Junxuan; XU, Chong; MENG, Hongwei; FENG, YingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effects of proportions of raw materials on the antioxidant activities of juices comprising mixtures of apples and berries (mixed juice; MJ). Among the four juices added, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus juice (ASJ) and its interaction with other juices had the most influence on the antioxidant activities. The MJ was optimized by blending 30% apple juice (AJ), 5% raspberry juice (RJ), 20% BJ, and 20% ASJ with 25% water. Sensory evaluation (SE) scores, scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) in MJ were 89.67%, 64.80%, and 73.30%, respectively. The results of electronic tongue (e-Tongue) analysis show that the MJ reduced sourness, astringency and bitterness and improved sensory acceptance. Total phenolic content (TPC) and free radical scavenging activities in MJ was also increased compared with individual component juices. These findings should provide guidance for formulating new apple/berry compound juices. -
Qilian Huaji decoction exerts an anti-cancer effect on hepatocellular carcinoma by upregulating miR-122 Original Article
ZHOU, Yongsheng; ZHAO, Dan; JIANG, Xuejun; AN, Wen; GAO, Xiaoping; MA, QingyongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Qilian Huaji Decoction (QLHJD) is a mixture of 13 herbs. The aim of this study is to observe the efficacy of QLHJD against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The H22 transplanted mouse models were established to explore the effect of QLHJD on HCC in vivo. QLHJD-containing serum (QCS) was prepared using traditional Chinese medicine serum pharmacology methods. After QCS treatment, cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in HepG2 cells were assessed by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. miRNA expression profiles were determined using qPCR arrays. miR-122 was examined by qPCR in HCC tissue samples and cells. AKT3 protein expression was detected by Western blot. We found that QLHJD significantly inhibited the growth of H22 tumor and improve immune function in vivo. In vitro, QLHJD inhibited proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at the S phase, and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The miRNA expression profiles were altered and the reduced miR-122 levels in HepG2 cell lines were up-regulated compared with control group, accompanied by a decrease in WNT1 expression. In conclusion, QLHJD could inhibit the growth of HCC by restoring the aberrant expression of miR-122, which may be one of the mechanisms whereby QLHJD exerts its effect on HCC. -
Impact of processing and packages on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Mangaba Jelly Original Article
ZITHA, Elídio Zaidine Maurício; ARAÚJO, Ana Beatriz Silva; MACHADO, Patrícia da Silva; ELIAS, Heloísa Helena de Siqueira; CARVALHO, Elisângela Elena Nunes; VILAS BOAS, Eduardo Valério de BarrosResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study evaluated the impact of processing, packages (amber and transparent glass jars), and storage time on the stability of the bioactive compounds (total phenolic compounds and vitamin C), and antioxidant activity of mangaba jelly. Jelly processing, significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. The storage time, significantly (p < 0.05) influenced all the variables studied in this work, although they were not affected by packages. A significant decrease of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity was observed during the jelly storage. HPLC-DAD/UV-Vis analyses allowed to identify 10 phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and non-flavonoids, and among these, quercetin and catechin were the major compounds. After processing, all these compounds decreased significantly (p < 0.05), except for the gallic acid and the p-coumaric acid, which presented an increasing tendency. During jelly storage, only gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and rutin were affected. Despite the reduction in the antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds studied, mangaba jelly retained good levels of them and may be considered a potential novel functional food. -
Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of fungal metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus on in vitro study Original Article
ALMANAA, Taghreed N.; RABIE, Gamal; El-MEKKAWY, Rasha M.; YASSIN, Marwa A.; Saleh, Noha; EL-Gazzar, NashwaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Regarding to the defiance came upon scientists to output natural products with potent biological activity from cheap sources and in an attempt to recover the average of antiproliferative agents, the employment of fungal metabolite in creating a cordial proper process was a prerequisite. In the present results, fungal metabolites were detected by thin layer chromatography. One fungal isolate out of ten isolates bioassayed, was showed to have the most potent antioxidant, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activity; this fungal isolate was identified as belonging to Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). Fungal extract of A. flavus showed a high free radical scavenging activity using Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging % with low a concentration of IC50 and potent flavonoid content. The result of instrumental analysis using GC.Mass illustrates the presence of different potent products of A. flavus extract. In addition, A. flavus extract showed a promising antiproliferative activity. Inhibitory activity against Hepatocellular carcinoma cells was detected under these experimental conditions. This strategy can be further used to elicit new age drugs. -
Hydroxysafflor yellow A from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) prevents cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats Original Article
WANG, Yunfeng; DU, Yuanmin; LI, Jin; XU, KangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study we extracted hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) from safflower and investigate its preventive effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats. HSYA with 89.78% purity was extracted from safflower. Ninety rats were divided into sham-operated, model, low-dose HSYA, high-dose HSYA and nimodipine groups. The CIRI model was established in latter three groups. After 30 min from ischemia beginning, the low-dose and high-dose HSYA groups were treated with 2 and 4 mg/kg HSYA via tail-vein injection, respectively. The nimodipine group was treated with 2 mg/kg nimodipine. Results showed that, at 24 h after ischemia, compared with model group, in high-dose HSYA and nimodipine groups the neurological symptom score was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the brain water content was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the brain infarction area percentage was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the brain tissue phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB) p65 protein expression levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HSYA can inhibit the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway and reduce the inflammatory response, thus exerting the preventive effect on CIRI in rats. -
Effects of different stevia-to-onion ratios and heating temperatures on physicochemical and sensory attributes of onion-stevia hot water extracts Original Article
YANG, Hae-Il; AMEER, Kashif; EUN, Jong-BangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Increased consumption of artificial and intense natural sweeteners have led to serious health implications and safety issues for intended consumers. Among all natural sweeteners, steviol glycosides (SGs: stevioside & rebaudioside-A) are popularly known as zero-caloric intense sweetening compounds of natural origin. Hot water extraction (HWE) is considered ecofriendly and less expensive, and HWE extracts are safe for human consumption as compared to organic solvents extraction. Onion (Allium cepa L.) and stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) were extracted using a single factor experimental approach to determine the optimal onion-stevia hot water extract (OSHE) extraction conditions. Physicochemical and sensory attributes of onion hot water extract (OHE) and OSHE extracted at varying stevia-to-onion ratios and temperatures were investigated. The results showed that total phenolic content (TPC) increased and total flavonoid content (TFC), L*, a* and b* values decreased with corresponding increases in stevia-to-onion ratio and extraction temperature. In contrast, total soluble solids increased with increase in onion-stevia ratio, whereas pH values declined with increasing temperature. Glucose was the most dominant organic sugar in OSHE followed by sucrose and fructose. In conclusion, OSHE obtained at 115 °C and 1:100 stevia-to-onion ratio (w/w) could be produced as a natural sweetener after concentration or drying and could be exploited in beverages and cooked foods without any deteriorating quality effects with improved thermal and pH stability and fermentation resistance. Furthermore, OSHE can be manufactured as a natural sweetener because it can be extracted at high temperature and pressure using stevia leaves with only the bound water content of onion without any additional moisture from external sources. As an eco-friendly alternative of expensive enzymatic digestion or organic solvent extraction. -
Thoracic tuberculosis misdiagnosed as lumbar compression fracture and treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP): a case report and literature review Original Article
SUN, Xiangran; YANG, Jian; YU, Ling; SHI, Yubo; GUO, WeichunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Thoracolumbar tuberculosis is a common clinical disease. In this study, a 63 years old female patient had back pain after physical work. X-ray examination showed that the 8th thoracic vertebra was compressed. MR showed that the signal of the 8th thoracic vertebra was abnormal, and T2 showed an obviously high signal. Then, she was misdiagnosed as compression fracture of the thoracic spine at first diagnosis and treated with percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (PKP) and the pain was gradually aggravated 3 months after the operation; then, lower extremity neurological symptoms began to appear. After that, she was finally diagnosed with tuberculosis of the thoracic spine and received surgery again and then the symptoms were ameliorated significantly, and the muscle strength of both lower limbs recovered. For patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures, we should fully understand the disease history of the disease and perform a detailed examination. The tuberculosis and even tumors should be considered to avoid misdiagnosis. -
Can we reduce the interference of vitamin C and PH in urinalysis? Original Article
FENG, Danqin; LIN, Jinbiao; CAI, Jianguo; CHEN, Xiaoli; YE, HuimingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Urinalysis is often interfered by vitamin C and PH. This study was to evaluate the interference of vitamin C and PH in urinalysis, and minimize the risk to make the effective communication. 732 leftover urine samples in which the concentration of vitamin C was 0.0 mmol/L and either of the test-strip results (Glucose, Blood, Bilirubin, Leucocyte, Nitrite, Protein, Ketone) was positive that were collected. The interference test checked out using these leftover urine samples. When the chemical protein module was positive, the sulfosalicylic acid test performed to confirm the positive results. About 27% of urine samples were vitamin C positive. Adequate vitamin C would interfere with the chemical result of GLU, BIL, and BLD, but not KET, PRO, WBC, NIT (p-value < 0.05). False-positive protein occurred at any samples, but higher when urine PH is greater than or equal to 8.0. In summary, to minimize the risk of vitamin C and PH in urinalysis, the laboratory should pay more attention to its conditions. Also, do more to help guarantee the accuracy of the urinalysis results and to give more comments to doctors to achieve effective communication. -
Oil chemical traits of kernels of different almond cultivars from China Original Article
WANG, Qin; LIU, Fenglan; MENG, Jiangfei; MAO, Jinmei; ZHANG, Liuping; WANG, JianyouResumo em Inglês:
ABSTRACT Traditional cultivars account for a large part of worldwide almond cultivars. However, the oil chemical traits of traditional almond cultivars in China remain unclear. Here, the oil chemical traits of four native and two traditional almond cultivars grown in China were determined. The content of unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids ranged from 93.02% to 93.29% and 75.24% to 77.98%, respectively. The tocopherol content varied between 25.15 and 18.37 mg/100 g. β-sitosterol content varied between 93.06% and 94.40%. VB1, VB2, VB3, and VB6 contents ranged from 0.11 to 0.23, 0.26 to 0.73, 370.00 to 1272.00, and 0.05 to 0.07 mg/100 g, respectively. The levels of squalene and phospholipids ranged from 131.20 to 274.80 mg/kg and 1.18 to 1.47 mg/g, respectively. These results indicated that the composition and content of fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols, VB1, VB2, VB3, VB6, squalene, and phospholipids in almond kernels were significantly different among the investigated cultivars. -
The implications of organizational environment questionnaire for the assessment of occupational injury among medical workers Original Article
HU, Xuan; CAI, Shu; LIN, Hong; XU, Jin-Dong; ZHAI, Jin-Guo; CAI, Wen-ZhiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Organization environment has significant influence on occupational health among medical workers. In current study, based on previous established questionnaires, we constructed a new questionnaire to evaluate the effects of organizational environment on occupational injury of medical workers. In a large-scale of investigation, a total of 2350 medical workers from 54 hospitals in Zhuhai city, China, were surveyed by the new questionnaire, and 2111 (91.2%) questionnaires were used for final analysis. The average score of organization environment of medical workers questionnaire was 91.33 ± 21.95. We found that as compared with the average levels, medical workers have higher incidences of behavioral symptoms such as depressed mood, obsessional thinking, and anxiety and so on. We also demonstrated the questionnaire scores correlated with the incidence of occupational disease, occupational injuries and the scores of SCL-90, implying its potential application to objectively measure the conditions of medial safety of medical workers in China. In all, we concluded that organizational environment has important implications on the assessment of occupational health of medical workers. -
Effect of increasing tannic acid addition to the diet on milk quality in the semiarid region Original Article
MUNIZ, Ana Jaqueline Cavalcante; Gonzaga NETO, Severino; HENRIQUES, Lara Toledo; COSTA, Roberto Germano; QUEIROGA, Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto; SARAIVA, Carla Aparecida Soares; SOUZA, Carla Giselly de; RIBEIRO, Neila LidianyResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding tannic acid to the diet on the milk quality of cows. The five primiparous crossbred cows (Holstein x Zebu) were used, with about four years old, the average body weight of 420 ± 30 kg, 100 days of lactation initial average production of 18 ± 4 kg of milk/cow/day. The treatments consisted of increasing tannic acid (0; 1.3; 2.6; 3.9 and 5.2%) to replace corn bran in the diet, based on dry matter. The sensory attributes of odor had a significant effect (P < 0.05) of the inclusion of tannic acid in the diet. The odor attributes showed a lower average for the control treatment, and these attributes also showed orthogonal contrast, except the characteristic cow, that is, the control group differed from the treatments as the tannin was introduced, the attribute value became higher compared to the control group. The inclusion of 5.2% tannic acid in dairy cows’ diet promoted a slight variation in the taste of milk. However, it did not alter the quality or acceptance of this milk by consumers. -
Comparison of free and bound volatile profiles of immature Litsea mollis fruits grown in five distinct regions of China Original Article
LIANG, Miao; YANG, Yan; ZHENG, Fu-Ping; SUN, Bao-Guo; WANG, Xing-Ping; YU, Ai-NongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Immature Litsea mollis fruits (ILMFs) are widely used as cold appetizers and seasonings in China. The free and bound volatile components of ILMFs from five distinct regions of China were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) in the present work. The results reveal sixty six free-form volatiles and fifty two bound-form volatiles in ILMFs and terpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated terpenes are the dominate components. In addition, sixty-seven volatile compounds are found in Litsea mollis fruit for the first time. The free α-pinene, eucalyptol, linalool, α,β-citral, geraniol and citronellal, and bound β-myrcene, α-citral, geraniol, citronellal and eugenol are the major odor contributors of ILMFs. Multivariate statistical analysis indicates that the free and bound volatiles profiles of ILMFs of Fujian and Guangxi in southern China are similar and those of Yunnan and Sichuan in southwestern China are similar. The odor profiles of all of the ILMFs are floral, fruity and herbaceous. -
Antioxidant-rich Clitoria ternatea L. flower and its benefits in improving murine reproductive performance Original Article
GOH, Shu En; KWONG, Phek Jin; NG, Chong Lee; NG, Wen Jie; EE, Kah YawResumo em Inglês:
Abstract C. ternatea is often used as a natural food colouring besides improving the aesthetic value of foods. It contains various antioxidants and bioactive compounds, which exert many functions, such as counteracting oxidative stress, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of C. ternatea flower extract and its protective effect on bisphenol A (BPA)-induced oxidative injury in female murine reproductive system. DPPH free radical scavenging activity (EC50 12.47 ± 2.96 mg/mL) and total phenolic content (4.59 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g) of C. ternatea flower extract were determined. Then, Institute Cancer Research (ICR) dams were administered with BPA and/or C. ternatea extract for six weeks to study on uterine histomorphology, percentage of pregnancy and offspring development. It was found that the uterus weight to body weight ratio from dam co-administered with BPA and C. ternatea was lower than dam treated with BPA alone, although no histopathological effect was found. However, the percentage of pregnancy and litter size from C. ternatea-fed group were both higher compared to BPA-fed dam. In conclusion, C. ternatea extract showed high antioxidant activity and exert potential protective effects against BPA on the reproduction performance in terms of improving the percentage of pregnancy and litter size. -
A roasting method with sugar supplement to make better use of discarded tobacco leaves Original Article
LI, Tian-Xiao; SHI, Feng-Cheng; LI, Pin-He; LUO, Cheng; LI, Dong-LiangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Water soluble sugars play an important role in the flavors and irritations of the cigarette sensory quality and the low content of water soluble sugars in the discarded tobacco leaves was a huge obstacle for their application. To make better use of the discarded tobacco leaves, a novel roasting method with sugar supplement was developed to enhance the sugar contents and total flavor compounds (TFCs) of tobaccos. Three main factors in the roasting process namely the reaction time, reaction temperature, and glucose supplement were optimized by single factor methodology. A proper condition was established as reaction time of 10 min, reaction temperature of 140 °C, and glucose supplement of 30%, which was further optimized by the response surface method through a three-level-three-variable Box–Behnken design. Moreover, the flavor compounds of the roasted cut tobacco extracts were analyzed and their effects in cigarettes were also determined. All these results suggested that this simple and easy method could be used to make better use of discarded tobacco leaves. -
Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction and the effect of microencapsulation on mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) rind extract Original Article
HIEW, Choi-Wen; LEE, Li-Juan; JUNUS, Silvara; TAN, Yen-Nee; CHAI, Tsun-Thai; EE, Kah-YawResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The effects of optimization of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and microencapsulation on the total xanthone content (TXC), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of mangosteen rind extract were studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed with Box-Behnken design to generate fifteen optimization responses by incorporating three independent variables, namely soaking time, solvent-to-feed (S/F) ratio and extraction time. The highest extraction yield (19.43%) was obtained in the third response. TXC and TPC results fitted well, with high R-squared values (0.83-0.91), into the generated models, but not the antioxidant activity data. The interactive effects of S/F ratio and extraction time significantly increased the yields of TXC (46.62 mg α-mangostin/g crude extract) and TPC (46.30 mg gallic acid equivalent/g crude extract), but longer soaking time showed adverse effect. All the results obtained from the optimized models were validated using experimental data which showed desirability index of 0.88. The optimized parameters of MAE were established as 20:1 S/F ratio and 9 min extraction time, without soaking process. Despite the intact morphology of microcapsules observed, spray drying microencapsulation only preserved TXC partially (63.54%) but denatured more than 85% of TPC. Future investigation on the microencapsulation of mangosteen rind extract is required. -
Association between fat taste sensitivity and diet quality in healthy male Turkish adults Original Article
OZTURK, Elif Esra; DIKMEN, DeryaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fat taste sensitivity, food intake and diet quality in 41 male adults, aged 19-54 years, without any eating disorders. Food consumption in five consecutive days was recorded to evaluate food intake, and diet quality was assessed by Health Dietary Indicator-2015. Fat taste thresholds were evaluated with 3-Alternative Forced Choice Methodology. The mean fat taste threshold of the hypersensitive and hyposensitive individuals were 1.48 ± 0.30 mM and 7.87 ± 0.61 mM, respectively. Hypersensitive individuals had lower energy, dietary fat, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and energy rate from dietary fat (p<0.05). Health Dietary Indicator-2015 score was higher in hypersensitives than hyposensitives (p<0.05). Body weight, body mass index and waist circumference were lower in hypersensitive individuals (p<0.05). These findings show that fat taste sensitivity plays an important role in food intake and diet quality in individuals without eating disorders. -
Extraction of breviscapine from Erigeron breviscapus and its effect on oxidative stress, inflammation, energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis in rats with uterine ischemia-reperfusion injury Original Article
ZHAO, Yunxiu; ZHANG, Yongzhen; ZHANG, Yanyan; HAN, Bing; CHANG, Huan; BIAN, Aiping; ZHAO, QianResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This work aimed to prepare breviscapine from Erigeron breviscapus and investigate its protection mechanism on uterine ischemia-reperfusion injury (UIRI) in rats. Breviscapine was extracted and separated from Erigeron breviscapus. Sixty female SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model and breviscapine groups. The breviscapine group was treated with 5 mg/kg breviscapine for three days. Then, the UIRI model was established in model and breviscapine groups via uterine artery ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min. At the end of reperfusion, compared with model group, in breviscapine group the uterine tissue superoxide dismutase activity was increased, and the malondialdehyde level was decreased; the uterine tissue tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels were decreased, and the IL-10 level was increased; the uterine tissue adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate and total adenine nucleotides levels were increased; the uterine cell apoptosis rate was decreased, the Bcl-2 protein expression level was increased, and the Bax protein expression level was decreased. In conclusion, breviscapine from Erigeron breviscapus can reduce the oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis in uterine tissue, thus exerting the protective effect on UIRI in rats. -
Study on the mechanism of rhynchophylline in improving obese hypertension through JAK2 / STAT3 pathway Original Article
HUANG, Li; ZHANG, Mingjuan; XIONG, JinrongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Objective The paper studied the effects of Rhynchophylline on the leptin-mediated JAK2/STAT3 pathway in hypothalamus. Using the leptin / leptin receptor and leptin-mediated JAK2/STAT3 pathway as an entry point, the research evaluated the effect of the hypotensive drug, and clarified the preliminary mechanism, expecting to provide new therapeutic ideas for essentially improving obese hypertension, balancing the body's neuro-endocrine function, and preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: A model of obese hypertensive rats was established, and the serum lipids, Lep, AngII, NPY and NO contents in each group of rats were measured. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the distribution of leptin receptor (LepR) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in hypothalamus and aorta of rats. Western Blot method was employed to detect JAK2, STAT3, SOCS3, LepR and AT1R protein expressions in the hypothalamus of rats. After the third ventricle injection of AG490, Western blot was applied to detect the expressions of various proteins. Results: Rhynchophylline can significantly reduce AngII, Lep, and NPY levels in serum circulation. Immunohistochemistry showed that the hypothalamus and aorta AT1R distribution was significantly reduced, the hypothalamic LepR distribution increased, and the aortic LepR distribution decreased. The expressions of JAK2, LepR, and STAT3 proteins in the hypothalamus increased significantly, and the expressions of SOCS3 and AT1R proteins significantly decreased. After injection of AG490 in the third ventricle of Rhynchophylline rats, the expressions of JAK2 and STAT3 in the hypothalamus decreased significantly, while the SOCS3expression increased remarkably. Conclusion: Rhynchophylline can reduce blood lipid, as well as serum AngII, Lep, and NPY levels, increase serum NO levels in obese hypertension rats. Rhynchophylline can effectively inhibit the expression of SOCS3 by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in the hypothalamus. Therefore, it is speculated that the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is the main pathway through which Rhynchophylline plays a role in improving selective leptin resistance and reducing blood pressure and weight. -
Impact of sorghum grain processing on morphological characteristics of particles of wholegrain sorghum flour Original Article
ACQUISGRANA, María del Rosario; GOMEZ PAMIES, Laura Cecilia; QUIROGA, Fernanda; RIBOTTA, Pablo Daniel; BENÍTEZ, Elisa InésResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This work studies the physical characteristics of sorghum whole flour particles produced with grains reduced in tannins by hydrothermal treatment. Flours ground with two types of mills: a roll mill and a blade mill were used; grains were hydrated with a moisture content of 25%. For this moisture the maximum yield was obtained. The effect of the grain moisture during the grinding was evaluated regarding the morphological characteristics, the granulometry and fractal dimension (Df) of particles. In all the analysed samples, bimodal size distribution curves were obtained. The treated samples showed medium size particles bigger than the samples without treatment. The samples without hydrothermal treatment presented particles with lower damage than the treated samples for both mills. The difference in Df between samples indicated more roughness for the samples with treatment. The proposed treatment could contribute to the development of sorghum whole flour with different properties for the development of gluten-free food. -
Research on food safety sampling inspection system based on deep learning Original Article
CHEN, Tzu-Chia; YU, Shu-YanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract With numerous promising cases in image processing, voice recognition, target detection, and other fields, deep learning (DL) have proven to be an advanced tool for big data analysis. It's been used in food science and engineering recently as well. This is the first food-related study that we are aware of. We gave a brief overview of DL in this paper, as well as comprehensive descriptions of the structure of some common deep neural network (DNN) architectures and training approaches. We looked at hundreds of publications that used DL as a data processing method to address problems and issues in the food domain, such as food identification, calorie estimating, fruit, potato, meat, and aquatic commodity quality detection, food supply chain, and food pollution. Each study looked at the particular challenges, datasets, preprocessing techniques, networks and systems used, the efficiency achieved, and comparisons with other common solutions. We examined the degree to which big data is being used in the food safety domain and found some positive developments in this article. According to our study results, DL outperforms other approaches such as manual attribute extractors, traditional machine learning algorithms, and DL as a promising technique in food quality and safety inspection. -
Authenticity markers in habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) by the quantification of mineral multielements through ICP-spectroscopy Original Article
RAMÍREZ-SUCRE, Manuel Octavio; ONEY-MONTALVO, Julio Enrique; LOPE-NAVARRETE, Mariela Carolina; BARRON-ZAMBRANO, Jesús Alberto; HERRERA-CORREDOR, José Andrés; CABAL-PRIETO, Adán; RODRÍGUEZ-BUENFIL, Ingrid Mayanin; RAMÍREZ-RIVERA, Emmanuel de JesúsResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this work was to determine in Capsicum chinense the 1) concentration of heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Pb), majority (Ca, K, Mg, Na) and essential (Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn) mineral elements, 2) effects of ripening stage, harvest number and type of soil on the mineral content and 3) authenticity markers. Peppers grown in black and red soils of this Mayan region, were harvested in two ripening stages (ripe and ripening peppers [orange and green peppers, respectivily]) and in four post-transplant dates: I (132 post-transplant days, PTD), II (160PTD), III (209PTD) and IV (265PTD). These samples were analyzed by ICP-Spectroscopy. The ripening stage affected the Al, Cu and Zn contents in ripe peppers while As presented the highest content in ripening peppers. Harvests I y III presented the highest Al, Ca, K contents while harvests II y III presented the highest As and Pb contents. Nine and ten elements developed authenticity markers according to the maturation and harvest number, respectively. The results obtained will help the producers and industrialists to focused on the production and agronomic management of high quality habanero peppers. -
Mechanism of Baicalein in the treatment of arthritis by regulating JNK/ERK/p38MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways Original Article
WANG, Xiaobo; YANG, Jing; LIU, Hongguo; LIU, Jiandong; WANG, LianjiaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Baicalein on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and its molecular mechanisms, and to explore the related molecular events that may occur. The extracted human osteoarthritic chondrocytes were stimulated with interleukins. After administered with different concentrations of Baicalein, the survival rate of chondrocytes was observed. Apoptosis was detected by apoptosis assay kit. The effect on NO production was detected using the Griess reagent kit. The expressions of IL-6 and PGE2 were detected by ELISA. The apoptotic proteins and PI3/Akt, NF-kB and MAPK cascade proteins were detected by WB assay. Baicalein significantly increased the survival rate of chondrocytes and decreased the expressions of NO, IL-6 and PGE2. The expressions of COX-2 and induced iNOS were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner under the administration of Baicalein. In addition, Baicalein significantly reduced the NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibited the activation of the induced PI3/Akt, JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK cascades. Inflammatory mediators play a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Baicalin significantly inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators in chondrocytes of human osteoarthritis and regulates the JNK/ERK/p38 MAPK and PBK/Akt signaling cascades. The experiment evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-osteomyelitis effects of Baicalein in order to discover new treatment strategies. -
Research on complex enzyme system to extract Hibiscus Sabdariffa L reducing sugar Original Article
LIU, Hua; CHEN, Wei; LI, Rui-TingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. has important nutritional and medicinal value. Currently, a safe process extraction of reducing sugar from Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. calyx by biological complex enzyme system is seldom investigated. In this experiment, the pectinase and cellulase complex enzyme system was used to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. and Box behnken was used to design the experiment. The results showed that there was significant difference in enzymolysis effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L under different conditions (p < 0.05). When the enzymolysis temperature was 45 °C, pH 4.5, and the mass volume ratio of material to liquid was 5g:100ml, the optimum conditions were obtained by response surface methodology: the addition amount of pectinase and cellulase complex enzyme was 0.011 g/kg, the ratio of mixed enzyme was 1.36:1, the enzymolysis time was 2.09 h, and the reducing sugar content of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L extract was 3.56 mg/ml. The experimental results of reducing sugar content of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L (3.54 ± 0.1mg / ml) were in good agreement with the predicted value of the equation fitted by response surface. The mixed enzyme system of pectinase and cellulase has the advantages of environmental protection and energy saving, which can provide guidance for industrial production. -
Factors affecting consumers' cognition of food photos using Kansei engineering Original Article
WU, Mei-Yi; CHEN, Ying-HsuanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The charm of food photos plays a decisive role in advertising because people search and buy food on the Internet more frequently than ever. Photos with appealing food design elements can immediately attract people's attention. The same food with different design features will attract different consumer groups through photos on the web. They greatly affected consumers' feel, and purchase decisions. This study uses Taiwanese mango ice as an example to explore the perceptual reasons why consumers are attracted to existing mango ice products, their attractive design features, and the relationship between the two. Miryoku engineering was used to explore the relationship between consumers and the appeal of food design revealed by photos, the Evaluation Grid Method (EGM) was used to extract the attractive factors of food design, and the Quantification Theory Type 1 (QTT1) is used to analyze the weight of each design feature that affects the charm of food. Three Kansei factors and 16 concrete design elements were obtained through EGM, and the weights of food design elements that influence the charm were found using QTT1. The results show that the obtained regression models can explain the relationship between the design elements of food photos and the perception of customers. The application have important reference value for evaluating food design elements and market segmentation of consumer groups. This research proves the feasibility of using Kansei engineering to explore the charm of food design, and has reference value for future related research. -
Comparative studies on the structure, biological activity and molecular mechanisms of polysaccharides from Craterellus cornucopioide (CC-M) and Dictyophora indusiata (Vent.ex Pers) Fisch (DI-Z) Original Article
DING, Xiang; ZHU, Miao; HOU, YilingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, two new polysaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Craterellus cornucopioide and Dictyophora indusiata (Vent.ex Pers) Fisch, respectively. The results showed that CC-M was composed of Xyl: Glc: Gal in a ratio of 2:5:4. The CC-M takes 1,6-glucose and 1,6-galactose as skeletons, extends a branched chain from galactose 2-O to connect 1,3,4-xylose, and connects β-4-glucose terminal monosaccharide to xylose. DI-Z was also composed of Xyl: Glc: Gal in the ratio of 2:6:5, which takes 1,6-glucose and 1,6-galactose as skeletons, extends a branched chain from galactose 2-O to connect 1,4-xylose and β-4-glucose as terminal group. The results of immunoactivity showed that CC-M and DI-Z have the proliferation activity of B cells, T cells and RAW264.7 cells in vitro, and the effect of CC-M on the proliferation of immune cells was higher than that of DI-Z. In addition, CC-M could significantly promote the secretion of TNF - α, IL-6, IL-1 β, IL-10 and CD163 and enhance the phagocytic ability of RAW264.7 cells. The results of RNA-sequencing showed that CC-M exerted its proliferative activity and immunoregulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells through the interaction of MAPK signaling pathway, NOD like receptor signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. -
Study on novel fluorescent carbon nanomaterials in food analysis Original Article
NGAFWAN, Ngafwan; RASYID, Harun; ABOOD, Emad SALAAM; ABDELBASSET, Walid KAMAL; Al-SHAWI, Sarmad Ghazi; BOKOV, Dmitry; JALIL, Abduladheem TurkiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract One of the most significant nanobiotechnology and nanomaterial science areas today is the production of novel sensors and biosensors with applications in the food industry. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new generation of carbon nanoparticles with a lot of potential for food analysis. CQDs with robust physicochemical properties are one of the most recently researched carbon nanomaterials. This material has outstanding optical properties such as light persistence, photobleaching tolerance, photoluminescence, and the advantages of fast functionalization and strong biocompatibility, rendering it an excellent raw material for sensing devices. Thanks to its considerable features such as fast result outputs, low expense, ease of service, and high sensitivity, fluorescence analysis has tremendous potential for food protection. The aim of this article is to familiarise yourself with carbon points, their synthesis methods, and their optical properties. Finally, fluorescence sensors can be used to detect food additives, heavy metals, bacteria, insecticide residues, antibiotics, and nutritional components in food samples. CQDs' problems and opportunities in the area of food safety were also addressed. -
Particle size of yam flour and its effects on physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds Original Article
WU, Zhaogen; AMEER, Kashif; HU, Chengchen; BAO, Annuo; WANG, Rong; TANG, Wei; CHAUDHARY, Neelam; JIANG, GuihunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Chinese yam (Rhizoma Dioscoreas Oppositae) has been recorded in Traditional Chinese Medicine and is utilized as a common food delicacy in China. This study was carried out to evaluate effects of superfine grinding at variable mesh sizes on physicochemical, thermal, microstructural attributes, bioactive compounds and radical scavenging activities (RSA’s) of yam flour powders (YFP). Physical, color, hydration, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, RSA’s and absorption characteristics were significantly influenced by exhibiting increasing trends with reduction of YFP particle sizes. YFP fraction obtained at M400 size showed obviously improved specific surface area as compared to M60 fraction. Generally, it may be implied from the results that free-form phenolic compounds exhibited increasing trends whereas cell-wall bound phenolic compounds showed particle size-dependent decreases with corresponding increases in mesh size. ESEM micrographs endorsed the finding of reduction of YFP particle sizes with corresponding increases in sieve mesh sizes. ESEM analysis evidently showed that mechanical shear significantly led to enhancement of surface area. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that melting temperature of YFP with reduced particle size were lower. Conclusively, it may be implied that YFP superfine powders might be utilized in food formulations with improved functional properties and uniformity. -
The effect of thermal processing on the content and antioxidant capacity of free and bound phenolics of cookies enriched by nettle (Urtica dioica L.) seed flour and extract Original Article
MITROVIĆ, Jelena; NIKOLIĆ, Nada; KARABEGOVIĆ, Ivana; LAZIĆ, Miodrag; NIKOLIĆ, Ljubiša; SAVIĆ, Saša; PEŠIĆ, Mirjana; ŠIMURINA, Olivera; STOJANOVIĆ-KRASIĆ, MarijaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The content of free and bound phenolics and their antioxidant capacity in cookies enriched by nettle seed flour and a nettle seed phenolic extract, before, during and after thermal processing (baking at 180°C for 25 min) were examined. The results compare these properties to a cookie obtained only from wheat flour, as the control. Better results were obtained by incorporating nettle seed flour than nettle seed extract. During thermal processing, different changes of phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (increase, decrease or retention) occurred, depending on the form of the phenolics (free or bound), thermal processing time, the cookie and applied antioxidant assays. The free and bound phenolics in the cookie with seed flour were more stable than in the other cookies. At the end of the thermal processing, the cookie with nettle seed flour had a higher content of free and bound phenolics (2.1 and 2.5 times, respectively), and greater antioxidant capacity (the DPPH RSC of free and bound phenolics 9.2 and 4.6 times, and of reducing power 1.6 and 3.4 times, respectively) than the control. There are great possibilities of using nettle seeds in the food industry with the aim of obtaining a functional product with powerful health benefits. -
Revision of ration scale for Pakistani servicemen according to geographical deployment and physical activity level Original Article
KHAN, Muhammad Arshad Farid; SOHAIB, Muhammad; IQBAL, Sanaullah; ALI, Ahmad; CHAUDHRY, MamoonaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Optimum nutritional status is important to derive maximum benefits of training the forces and it can affect health status and wellbeing of the servicemen. The present study was conducted to explicate the nutritional composition of different food items in the standard ration as well as device ration of servicemen considering geographical deployment location and physical activity level of servicemen keeping in view food guidelines standards of nutrients. Accordingly, food items of the selected rations were collected from different suppliers and were analyzed using food analysis techniques by AOAC. Results indicated carbohydrates content of 722.11 + 26.4 g (71.37%), fats 164.19 + 14.5 g (16.22%) and proteins 125.36 + 11.2 g (12.39%) as well as total caloric contents of 4867.59+ 205 Kcal/soldier/day. Further, Soldiers deployed at higher altitude i.e., at 15000 feet above sea level supplied with extra rations to cope up extra caloric requirement and replacement of fresh fruits and vegetables. Suggested caloric plan was advised for 4045.85 ± 114 kcals and macronutrients distribution of carbohydrates (68%), fats (17.5%) and proteins (14.5%) were recommended. Conclusively, calorie density of existing ration scale was higher which needs to be rationalization and nutrition awareness programs should be conducted to increase the knowledge of servicemen for better health and nutrition status. -
MiR-155 contribute to airway inflammation in COPD by regulating autophagy via targeting TLR4/NF-ΚB Original Article
WANG, Mingliang; WANG, Wendong; WANG, Jiashun; ZHANG, JunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To evaluate the expression of miR-155 and autophagy in COPD and the related mechanism. Alveolar macrophages were extracted from COPD patients. COPD dynamic mouse model was established. Mouse alveolar macrophages were also isolated and cultured. Rat alveolar macrophage cell line NR8383 was introduced. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in NR8383 cells with CSE treatment was also evaluated. miR-155 was upregulated in alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of COPD patients, COPD dynamic mouse model and CSE treated NR8383 cell line (p < 0.05). Overexpression of miR‐155 led to dysregulation of cell autophagy and was closely. miR‐155 promoted cell autophagy by directly targeting TLR4/NF-κB pathway in NR8383 cell line. Our study revealed a novel inflammatory role of miR-155 in COPD and the related mechanisms. We provide a new perspective to understand the pathogenesis of COPD, and miR-155 might be useful as potential target for the treatment of COPD. -
Synthesis and crystallization purification of phytosterol esters for food industry application Original Article
ZHI, Mingyu; WU, MinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This work aimed to investigate the process parameters of phytosterol esters (PE) synthesis catalyzed by copper oxide-nano hydroxyapatite (CuO-NHAP) and the crystallization purification technology. CuO-NHAP was prepared. The synthesis of PE catalyzed by CuO-NHAP was performed. After Response Surface Methodology optimization, the optimal process parameters were as follows: reaction temperature, 180 oC; reaction time, 6.3 h; acid-alcohol molar ratio, 1.9; catalyst amount, 1.05%. Under these conditions, the esterification rate of phytosterols was 99.8%. The crystallization purification technology of esterification product was explored. The optimal crystallization conditions were as follows: crystallization solvent, octanoic acid; crystallization temperature, 0 oC; solvent-product molar ratio, 4: 1; crystallization time, 10 h. Under these conditions, the unreacted fatty acids and other impurities were affectively removed, and the PE purity in purification product was 98.2%. These synthesis and crystallization purification technologies of PE are relatively green, safe, efficient and economic, and have the potential to be applied to the industrial preparation of PE product. -
Q-Switched 1,064-nm Neodymium-Doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser irradiation induces collagen remodeling in SKH-1 Hairl ess mice by activating ERK1/2 and p38MAPK signaling pathway Original Article
HUANG, Ruilei; LIU, Yang; LIU, Zhijie; ZHAO, YingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To select the optimal condition of 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser irradiation and study the molecular mechanism of laser irradiation for skin rejuvenation. Sixty male, 6-week-old SKH-1 hairless mice were equally divided into 6 groups: 3d, 7d, 21d, 28d, 42d and 56d of 1064 nm laser irradiation at both 0 J/cm2 (left region) and 1.5 J/cm2 (right region) fluence. The basic skin performances were analysed via quantifying hydroxyproline content and skin hydration in the dermis and epidermis. The Collagen I, MMP2 and TIMP1, as well as ERK 1/2, p38MAPK, JNK and ERK5 signaling pathways levels were detected by qRT-PCR. Laser irradiation led to a marked increase in hydroxyproline content and skin hydration in the dermis and epidermis compared to the non-irradiated area. After laser irradiation, collagen I was markedly up-regulated, MMP2 was significantly decreased and TIMP1 was unchanged. Moreover, qRT-PCR results revealed ERK 1/2 and p38MAPK signaling pathways were activated after laser irradiation. we are firstly proves that 1064 nm laser irradiation can inhibit collagen degradation by stimulating the activation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, the condition of laser irradiation lasting 21d at fluence of 1.5 J/cm2 displays the best effect of skin rejuvenation in our study. -
Astragaloside IV promotes cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction by inhibiting DNMT3B-mediated Runx3 methylation via downregulating LncRNA MIRT1 expression Original Article
GAO, Jing; MENG, Chunming; GUAN, Li; ZHANG, Hong; ZHANG, WeiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been shown to possess cardioprotective effect. However, the specific mechanism of AS-IV in myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear. Our results showed that AS-IV intervention observably enhanced cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis, oxidative stress levels and inflammatory factor secretion. Expression of MIRT1 was significantly up-regulated in hypoxia-treated cells. In addition, ALCAM overexpression reversed the effects of AS-IV intervention on hypoxia-treated cell functions. MIRT1 facilitated Runx3 promoter methylation and its downregulated expression by recruiting DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) to the Runx3 promoter region through binding with suppressor of Zeste 12 protein homolog (Suz12). Runx3 silencing reversed the effects of MIRT1 inhibition on hypoxia-treated cell functions. Betulinic acid suppressed the effects of AS-IV intervention on the behaviors of hypoxia-treated cells. AS-IV treatment improved the cardiac functions of mice with MI. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that AS-IV treatment inhibits DNMT3B-mediated Runx3 promoter methylation by restraining Suz12 expression and further blocks the NF-κB signaling pathway, and in turn improves the cardiac functions of mice with MI. -
Extraction of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds and their protective effect on spinal cord injury in rats Original Article
ZHAN, Yunzhong; YANG, Fan; YE, Zhou; ZHANG, Junchao; MAO, Yi; LI, LeiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Proanthocyanidins were extracted and purified from grape seeds, and the protective effect and mechanism of proanthocyanidins on spinal cord injury were explored. After extraction optimization and purification, the proanthocyanidins with purity of 92.53% were obtained. The rats were divided into control, model and treatment groups. The spinal cord injury model was established in model and treatment groups. Then, the treatment group was treated with 40 mg/kg proanthocyanidins. On the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after modeling, compared with model group, in model group the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). On the 7th day after modeling, compared with model group, in treatment group the spinal cord tissue superoxide dismutaseand glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05), the malondialdehyde level was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), the necrosis factor α and interleukin 1βlevels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and the interleukin 10 level was significantly increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, proanthocyanidins have protective effect on spinal cord injury in rats. The mechanisms may be related to its reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in spinal cord tissue. -
Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation in human chondrocytes Original Article
WU, Jun; ZHANG, Xinyu; HU, Suqin; PAN, Suohua; WANG, CunliangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease associated with inflammation. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) is a major group of active components isolated from Polygonatum sibiricum with broad activities including anti-inflammatory effect. However, the role of PSP in OA is unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PSP on IL-1β-induced inflammatory response in primary human OA chondrocytes. The results showed that PSP improved cell viability of chondrocytes in response to IL-1β induction. The increased levels of several inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes were attenuated by PSP in a dose-dependent manner. The IL-1β-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, were mitigated by PSP in chondrocytes. Besides, PSP also suppressed the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13 in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Furthermore, the IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in chondrocytes was also prevented by PSP. These findings suggested that PSP alleviated IL-1β-induced inflammatory response in chondrocytes via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. -
Taraxasterol inhibits TGF-β1-induced proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells through regulating the p38/STAT3 signaling pathway Original Article
SHAN, Zihong; LI, Qingqing; WANG, Shuying; QIAN, Yayun; Li, HaiboResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Childhood asthma is a common chronic airway disease, and its severe form remains a challenging. Taraxasterol, a pentacyclic-triterpene isolated from Taraxacum officinale, has been shown to have anti-allergic property. However, the effects of taraxasterol on the proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and the involved mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the functional role and potential molecular mechanism of taraxasterol in TGF-β1-induced ASMC proliferation and migration. Our results showed that taraxasterol significantly suppressed the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced proliferation and migration of ASMCs. In addition, exposure of ASMCs to taraxasterol dramatically increased the expressions of contractile markers smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) and myocardin, whereas expressions of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins type I collagen (Col I) and fibronectin were reduced in TGF-β1-stimulate ASMCs. Further studies revealed that taraxasterol suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in TGF-β1-stimualted ASMCs. Notably, p38 MAPK agonist P79350 reversed the protective effects of taraxasterol on ASMCs. In conclusion, these findings indicated that taraxasterol inhibits TGF-β1-induced proliferation and migration of ASMCs through inactivation of p38/STAT3 signaling pathway. -
Authentication of fresh apple juice by stable isotope ratios of δD, δ18O and δ13C Original Article
LEI, Jia Lei; HU, Ching Yuan; DENG, Hong; GUO, Yu Rong; MENG, Yong HongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The authentication of fresh apple juice (FAJ) is a significant issue. However, the main characteristics of FAJ, diluted apple juice (DAJ) with added concentrated apple juice (DAJ+CAJ), and DAJ with added sucrose (DAJ+s) are not different when using classical chemical analyses in juice authentication. In this study, isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) was used to determine the δD, δ18O, and δ13C in adulterated apple juice for juice authentication. The δD and δ18O values were decreased in adulterated juice. A linear correlation was found between δD and δ18O in apple juices with different amount of adulteration. Therefore, this linear relationship can be used to determine the amount of adulteration that took place. The δ13C value and the content of each component in real apple juice are within specific ranges. The adulteration can be recognized once the δ13C value and the content of each component in the apple juice are out of these ranges. The implementation of this method would help maintain the juice market’s stability and protect consumers’ interests. -
The review of food safety inspection system based on artificial intelligence, image processing, and robotic Original Article
CHEN, Tzu-Chia; YU, Shu-YanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The main target of the current study is to review the latest developments in accurate, reliable, and low-cost non-contact or remote techniques, including the usage of artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods, image processing (IP) system, and sensor technology for quality assessment in the food industry (FI). The IP systems and AI can be used for various purposes, such as classifying products based on size and shape, detecting product defects, the presence of microbes, and grading food quality. The sensor technology is now highly developed to assess food products' quality and safety due to the dramatic growth of nanotechnology and biotechnology. Also, in this paper, it was tried to examine the role of robots in the FI and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using them in the FI. -
Nutritional evaluation of Syagrus coronata kernels and development of cookies prepared with cassava flour and licuri kernels Original Article
ANTONIASSI, Rosemar; MIRANDA, Priscila Coutinho; FERREIRA, Gleize Fiaes; VIEIRA, Thais Maria Ferreira Souza; FREITAS, Sidinea Cordeiro de; MATSUURA, Marilia Ieda da Silveira FolegattiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Syagrus coronata known as licuri, ouricuri, or uricuri is a palm tree from dried areas in Brazil and it is an important resource for the local population. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of licuri kernels from the Territory of Sisal (State of Bahia) and to develop cookies prepared with licuri kernels and cassava flour. The licuri kernel showed high content of total dietary fiber (13 -15%) with values equivalent to that observed for coconut kernel. The content of minerals such as zinc, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, iron, and copper was similar to those recorded for commercial nuts and superior to coconut kernel. The licuri kernel presented an oil content of 61-66%, with a predominance of lauric acid. The main sterols were Sitosterol, Campesterol and Δ5-avenasterol. The formulations of cookies with licuri kernel (5 and 10%) and commercial cassava flour (4.5 and 9%) showed no differences in general acceptance, aroma, flavor, and texture. The kernel of Syagrus coronata represents an important source of dietary fiber, lipids, and minerals and the results indicate that besides its traditional application, this use represents the increasing the nutritional value of cookies in compliance with global trends. -
Effect of Mir-299-3p on the biological function of lung adenocarcinoma cell H1299 through targeting PTPRD Original Article
YUAN, Yuan; CHEN, Xiaoquan; YUAN, Bin; HU, YuqinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The paper aimed to investigate the effects of up-regulation and down-regulation of Mir-299-3p on the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cell line H1299, and to preliminarily explore the mechanism of Mir-299-3p regulating the biological behavior of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mir-299-3p inhibitor and Mir-299-3p mimics were transfected into lung adenocarcinoma cell line H1299, and the transfection efficiency was measured by fluorescence microscopy. The successfully transfected lung adenocarcinoma cells were detected of proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Mir-299-3p inhibitor and Mir-299-3p mimics were used to down-regulate and up-regulate Mir-299-3p respectively. Western blot was employed to detect the expressions of STAT3, p-STAT3, caspase3, Bcl-2, Bax and MMP-9 proteins in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Small interfering RNA technology was applied to construct a cell line with low expression of PTPRD. WB was used to measure the transfection efficiency to determine whether the down-regulation of PTPRD can partially or completely reverse the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells after the down-regulation of Mir-299-3p. It was also determined whether the down-regulation of PTPRD can partially or completely reverse the effect of Mir-299-3p down-regulation on the expressions of p-STAT3, MMP-9, Cleaved-caspase3, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Down-regulation of Mir-299-3p can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cell H1299, promote cell apoptosis, inhibit the expression of p-STAT3 and MMP-9, promote the expressions of apoptosis-inducing proteins such as Bax and Cleaved-caspase3, and also inhibit the expression of apoptosis inhibitor protein Bcl-2. The up-regulation of Mir-299-3p worked in the opposite way. PTPRD is the direct target gene of Mir-299-3p. Mir-299-3p may directly target PTPRD to regulate the expressions of p-STAT3, MMP-9, Cleaved-caspase3, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins to affect the biological behavior of lung adenocarcinoma cells. -
Production of probiotic Cajá fruit (Spondias mombin) powder using Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis B94 via spouted bed Original Article
ARAUJO RODRIGUES, Thais Jaciane; PACHECO ALBUQUERQUE, Aline; RODRIGUES DA SILVA, Layanne; ARAUJO SILVA, Hanndson; DE BITTENCOURT PASQUALI, Matheus Augusto; TRINDADE DE ARAÚJO, Gilmar; TRINDADE ROCHA, Ana PaulaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Probiotic bacteria inclusion on fruit pulp is an exceptional alternative for the production and innovation of functional foods. Therefore, the present work aims to study the drying of Caja (Spondias mombin) pulp added with Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis using a spouted bed. An experimental design comprising 11 experiments was used on the drying, varying the inlet temperature (50 ºC, 60 ºC, and 70 ºC), the maltodextrin concentration (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% wt) and inulin concentration (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% wt). The dependent variables studied in our work were the process yield and the number of viable cells. The liquid fruit pulp presented physicochemical conditions for bacteria growth and high content of bioactive compounds. Results revealed that lower inlet temperature in combination with lower concentrations of maltodextrin and inulin resulted in a powder with a higher number of viable cells. Even though temperature degradation is a critical factor for product quality while using drying processes, it was considered that the process was efficient because of the high cell viability, which is the critical factor to consider the product as probiotic. -
Development and validation of a SNPs panel used for beef traceability throughout the food chain Original Article
LAMAS, Alexandre; BARREIRO, Rocio; REGAL, Patricia; VÁZQUEZ, Beatriz; MIRANDA, José Manuel; CEPEDA, Alberto; FRANCO, Carlos ManuelResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Meat labelling is important to avoid unfair competition practices of producers, processors and sellers aiming gain an economic advantage from misrepresenting cheaper meat products as premium quality ones. Genetic traceability is an ideal tool for the detection and prevention of fraud in the sale of beef. In this work, a method for validating protected status based on a combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a high-throughput real-time PCR protocol was developed. A total of 1,911 beef samples were used to develop and validate an OpenArray® panel consisting of 26 SNPs selected from an ISAG-ICAR panel. The applicability of the method was determined by comparing 143 blind pairs of samples. The combined probability of identity (PI) with the 26 SNPs selected was 2.09-11 with 22 SNPs showing an individual PI lower than 0.4. In all tests, the blind pair of samples were correctly as-signed. The panel designed and validated in this study is of great utility to confirm genetic content of the specific genetic group tested and detect fraud in a routine way that requires a minimum amount of time and is cost effective. -
Frying edible vegetable oil quality from street-food vendors in a Metropolitan area in the Central Highlands of Mexico Original Article
PINZÓN-MARTINEZ, Dora Luz; OCA-ROSALES, Lilian Montes de; FLORES-PRIMO, Argel; BERASAIN, Maria Dolores MariezcurrenaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Vegetable oil deterioration during frying is a health problem because of oil degradation compounds and recycled oil practices are related to disturb oil quality. Frying food street-vendors are an important part of endemic market type Tianguis at the Metropolitan areas in the Central Highlands of Mexico. The main objective of this research was to evaluate frying edible vegetable oil quality from frying by street-food vendors in a Metropolitan area in the Central Highlands of Mexico. A behaviour questionary registered fresh and recycling oil addition, frying temperature and method in real operation conditions for three working days. Free fatty acid, colour, p-Anisidine, peroxide, and TOTOX indexes were observed in the vendors by triplicate. Free fatty acids and peroxide values in two vendors exceeded the NMX-F-223-SCFI-2011 values. Physicochemical variables revealed oil oxidation deterioration. Not so high temperatures were registered, and continually fresh oil addition was suggested as mitigating or masking edible oil of thermal oxidation and its degradation agents during the observed time. Thermal oxidation could be lower than in controlled conditions as in many reports due to vendor operations studied as a real approximation that suggested less oil degradation. Present results could be evidence for government intervention in the regulation needs. -
Improving the shelf life of chicken burgers using Octopus vulgaris and Dosidicus gigas skin pigment extracts Original Article
ESPARZA-ESPINOZA, Dania Marisol; PLASCENCIA-JATOMEA, Maribel; LÓPEZ-SAIZ, Carmen María; PARRA-VERGARA, Norma Violeta; CARBONELL-BARRACHINA, Angel Antonio; CÁRDENAS-LÓPEZ, José; EZQUERRA-BRAUER, Josafat MarinaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this work, an innovative strategy for raw chicken burger preservation, based on methanol–HCl extracts of octopus (Octopus vulgaris) (OVE) and squid (Dosidicus gigas) (DGE) skin pigments, was evaluated at 4 °C for 12 days. Burgers were prepared and divided into six groups: the control without any extract (CON), the control with 0.03% α-tocopherol (CET), and those containing 0.05% (OVE1, DGE1) and 0.1% (OVE2, DGE2) octopus and squid pigment extract, respectively. OVE yielded a higher rate of pigments with antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC) than DGE. The highest antimutagenic activity was detected in DGE according to the Ames’ Salmonella test. OVE1 and DGE1 burgers maintained lower pH values and were less sensitive to lipid oxidation (peroxide, anisidine, and total oxidation values). Evaluation of microbial growth by total bacterial count, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae spp., and fungi showed that OVE1 and DGE1 delayed bacterial contamination. The overall sensory quality was maintained for longer in the OVE- and DGE-supplemented chicken burgers than CON burgers. This study showed that OVE and DGE have potential as antioxidant and antimicrobial additives in chicken products. -
Assessment of the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer in Chinese population: a meta-analysis Original Article
TANG, Jin; YANG, Jing; HE, Jinsong; XIE, Jiebin; WANG, Pan; WEI, ShoujiangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the safety and efficacy of intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in treating advanced gastric cancer. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of gastric cancer surgery combined with intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the efficacy and safety were screened by computer search PubMed, Medline, Springer, Elsevier Science Direct, Weipu, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) with the last report up to October 2019. The control group underwent radical gastrectomy, and the experimental group underwent intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy and radical gastrectomy. A total of 997 (Experimental group 453; Control group 544) participants were considered in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the experimental group has higher 1-year survival rate [OR=2.40, 95%CI (1.34, 4.33), P=0.003], 2-year survival rate [OR=3.45, 95%CI (2.08, 5.75), P<0.00001], 3-year survival rate [OR=2.70, 95%CI (2.05, 3.54), P<0.00001] and 5-year survival rate [OR=2.90, 95%CI (1.93, 4.37), P<0.00001]. There is no significant difference in postoperative bleeding (P=0.95), postoperative infection (P=0.26), postoperative anastomotic leakage (P=0.41), and postoperative intestinal obstruction (P=0.11). Intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy with advanced gastric cancer in the Chinese population can improve patients’ survival rate after surgery and does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications, so it is clinically significant and safe. -
The effect of dietary oilseeds on physico-chemical characteristics, fatty acid profile and sensory aspects of meat of young zebu cattle Original Article
MIYAKI, Samara; VINHAS ÍTAVO, Luís Carlos; TOLEDO DUARTE, Marjorie; COSTA VALERIANO, Heitor Henrique; FILGUEIRA PEREIRA, Marília Williani; ALVES CAMPOS DE ARAÚJO, Thiago Luís; BRANDÃO FERREIRA ÍTAVO, Camila Celeste; COSTA GOMES, Rodrigo da; NADAI BONIN, Marina deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dietary oilseed grains on physico-chemical and sensory parameters of the meat of Nellore steers. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design in four treatments that consisted of four diets: one without the addition of lipids (control diet) and others containing cottonseed, soybean, sunflower seed. The meat from animals fed with soybean scored highest for succulence and tenderness. The inclusion of oilseed grains modified the composition of fatty acids in the meat, but did not influence the lipid indexes or the cholesterol content in the meat. We suggest the inclusion of soybean in the diet of young cattle because increase the meat acceptability by consumers. -
Physiochemical and functional properties of albumin and globulin from amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta) corms Original Article
HILARY VAN WYK, Rudean; OSCAR AMONSOU, EricResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta), commonly known as Taro is an indigenous underutilised crop of Southern Africa. Limited utilisation of amadumbe grown in the region may be attributed to the lack of enough information on its corms and storage proteins. In this study, albumin, and globulin fractions from three landraces were investigated for their physicochemical and functional properties. Crude protein contents of amadumbe flours ranged between 2–4%. Amadumbe flours were rich in lysine (5.3 g/100 g) and leucine (9.1 g/100 g). Three major protein families were identified corresponding to albumin and globulin with approximately 55-60 kDa, 20–22 kDa and 14 kDa, respectively. FTIR revealed a protein secondary structure dominated by β-sheets and β-turns. Intrinsic fluorescence results suggested that all albumin and globulin fractions had well-defined tertiary structures. The protein solubility of albumin and globulin fractions were minimal at pH 5. Hydrophobicity data seemed to correlate with emulsification behaviour of the protein fractions. Amadumbe proteins and its albumin and globulin fractions can be a promising source for food protein applications. -
Extraction of phenolic compounds from (Mangifera indica L.) and kinnow (Citrus reticulate L.) peels for the development of functional fruit bars Original Article
SAFDAR, Muhammad Naeem; KAUSAR, Tusneem; NADEEM, Muhammad; MURTAZA, Mian; SOHAIL, Saba; MUMTAZ, Amer; SIDDIQUI, Nouman; JABBAR, Saqib; AFZAL, SaeedResumo em Inglês:
Abstract An investigation was carried out to extract polyphenols from mango and kinnow mandarin peels for the development of functional fruit bars and their storage stability. Solvent ethanol at 50%, 80% and 100% concentration was employed for polyphenols extraction from mango and kinnow peels through ultrasound assisted extraction technique. Higher polyphenols were extracted from mango peels with comparatively more antioxidant activity than kinnow peels. Fruit bars fortified with different levels of mango and kinnow peel polyphenolic extracts subjected to ambient and refrigerated storage conditions revealed a gradual decline in total polyphenols, antioxidant activity and sensory attributes score during storage period. Microbiological parameters though increased during storage but remained well within the permissible limits. Ambient temperature storage fruit bars were discarded after three months whereas at refrigeration temperature conditions remained sensory acceptable for five months. Overall, 2% mango peel extract fortified fruit bars scored highest by the sensory panelists while 3% kinnow peel extract fortified fruit bars scored lowest. It was concluded that mango and kinnow peel extract could be utilized as ingredient for the preparation of functionl foods. -
Effect of evidence-based nursing on the application of ultrasonic emulsification operation for cataract and the postoperative rehabilitation indicators Original Article
TU, Yanqin; DENG, Jianmin; FANG, Liang; ZHANG, Yongmei; YING, Hongmei; SUN, QiuzhenResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore the effect of evidence-based nursing on the application of ultrasonic emulsification operation for cataract and the postoperative rehabilitation indicators. 110 cataract patients were included. All of them received ultrasonic emulsification operation for cataract and were divided into the control group(n=55) and the observation group(n=55) by random number method. The control group received routine nursing. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure, quality of life and adverse reactions of patients in both groups after discharge were compared and evaluated. The clinical effective rate(92.73%), postoperative visual acuity(0.68 ± 0.05) and SF-36 score(82.37 ± 4.13) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(76.36%), (0.55 ± 0.02) and(74.06 ± 3.42), Conclusion: Evidence-based nursing can effectively improve the curative effect and postoperative vision, and improve the quality of life. The intraocular pressure in the observation group(9.95 ± 2.46) mmHg and the incidence of adverse reactions(29.09%) were lower than those in the control group(11.03 ± 3.11) mmHg and 10.91%(P<0.05). It is of distinct effect to carry out evidence-based nursing for the cataract patients receiving emulsification therapy. It effectively improves the effect of surgical treatment, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions, so as to improve the quality of life and promote rapid physical recovery, maintaining clinical application value. -
Effect of altitude on reproductive ingredient and sex allocation of different colors of Anemone obtusiloba in populations Original Article
DING, GongTao; LI, Bing; LIU, ZuoJun; MA, WenJin; JIA, HongZhen; LIU, XiaoBo; ZHANG, Hui; ZHAO, ZhiGang; ZHANG, XiaoXue; ZHANG, XiaoYanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of altitude on reproductive ingredient and sex allocation of different colors of Anemone obtusiloba in populations. The variations of reproductive ingredient and sex allocation of three colors of Anemone obtusiloba in different four altitudinal gradients at the eastern Qinghai Tibetan Plateau were examined. Our results showed that with the increased altitude, gynoecium/flower, androceium/flower and gynoecium/individual were increased, but androceium/individual, gynoecium number/flower, androceium number/flower, gynoecium number/ individual and androceium number/individual in three flower color of Anemone obtusiloba were decreased. Besides, male allocation and ♂/♀ were also decreased, which showed female-biased sex allocation. Furthermore, in the four altitudinal gradients, the individual size of same color was positively correlated with reproductive ingredient, and altitude had a direct impact on size-dependent reproductive ingredient. However, there were not certain correlations between male allocation, ♂/♀ and individual size in the same color of Anemone obtusiloba. Moreover, in the four altitudinal gradients, the reproductive investment of same color was positively correlated with gynoecium and androceium, but there were not certain correlations between male allocation, ♂/♀ and reproductive investment. In conclusion, altitude had a significant effect on reproductive ingredient and sex allocation in different colors of Anemone obtusiloba. Different colors of Anemone obtusiloba all increased of female function with the increased altitude. However, there were difference in influence mechanism of altitude on size-dependent reproductive ingredient and distribution between female and male function of resource. -
Lactobacillus curvatus from fermented sausages as new probiotic functional foods Original Article
PETROVIĆ, Tanja Žugić; ILIĆ, Predrag; GRUJOVIĆ, Mirjana; MLADENOVIĆ, Katarina; KOCIĆ-TANACKOV, Sunčica; ČOMIĆ, LjiljanaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This research examined in vitro probiotic potential of Lactobacillus curvatus isolates from fermented sausage originating in Southeast Serbia which was prepared using traditional production techniques. Strains of L. curvatus were isolated and identified at the level of species using API 50CHL sets and 16s rDNA sequencing, after which their probiotic potential was measured. The research consisted of the examination of isolate survival rates in the gastrointestinal tract, synthesis of biogenic amines, the growth on the media with different quantities of phenol, antibiotic resistance test, and antimicrobial activity against clinical strains of Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. The examined isolates have shown a good survival rate at low pH in the simulated stomach and small intestine conditions. Synthesis of biogenic amines was exhibited by the isolate sk1-10, which had a positive reaction to histidine. Analyzed isolates grew well on media with 0.1% and 0.2% of phenol, L.curvatus sk1-8 and sk5-2 have grown in media with 0.3% phenol. All tested isolates have exhibited high sensitivity to most analyzed antibiotics (tetracycline, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, penicillin), resistance to ofloxacin, and cephalexin isolates sk4-3a and sk4-15. The examined isolates have shown a broad inhibitory spectrum against pathogens. -
Study on the risk level of food production enterprise based on TOPSIS method Original Article
CHEN, Tzu-Chia; YU, Shu-YanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract International food trade necessitates the existence of effective anti-tampering systems to protect against food toxins, thus making this kind of contamination difficult to get around. Due to a short growing season, fresh fruits and vegetables are easily damaged by spoilage and can lose much of their value. Being transported and stored is dangerous. Due to these risks, food prices will continue to rise for fresh produce. They are in such short supply that the fresh products will have a dramatic and urgent need for the supply chain. The journey to food and nutrition protection starts with a thorough examination of the problems that must be addressed in order to establish appropriate solutions. As a result, decision-making is defined as the process of selecting the best option from a set of options. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) continues to work well among various multi-criteria decision-making models. Based on the TOPSIS method, this study focuses on the risk level of a food production enterprise. -
Characterization of Feijoa sellowiana leaves based on volatile and phenolic compound compositions and antimicrobial properties Original Article
CEBI, Nur; SAGDIC, OsmanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In the present research study, response surface methodology (RSM) was performed on the basis of total phenolic content of aqueous feijoa leaf extracts. The total phenolic content of experimental runs changed between 941.6 and 4347.5 mg GAE/L. HPLC-DAD analysis was performed to monitor the phenolic profile of feijoa leaf extract. Major phenolic compounds were determined as gallic acid, catechin, syringic acid, ellagic acid, chrysin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and quercetin. Profile of volatile compounds was determined by using GC-MS technique and limonene, linalool and caryophyllene were detected as major volatile compounds. In addition, extracts from feijoa leaves showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and one yeast species. Taken together, all findings enhance our understanding of further use feijoa leaves as potential source for valuable bioactive compounds in various industrial products such as dietary supplements, food products (syrups, jams), and cosmetic products. -
Changes in dietary and water use habits after the Doce River contamination with mining tailings Original Article
LOURDES, Eider Bruno de; SANTANA, Hernani Ciro; MACEDO, Leandro Roberto de; SILVA CORREIA, Franciele; CORDEIRO PACHECO, Thatiane; NASCIMENTO, Dayenne Paula; MORAIS CARDOSO, Leandro de; RODRIGUES DA CUNHA, Luciana; PIMENTA PEREIRA, Patrícia Aparecida; CORRÊA BERTOLDI, MicheleResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The Fundão dam burst polluted watercourses with mining tailings and harmed cities bathed by Doce River, that might have changed eating habits. This study evaluated changes in dietary habits and water use in Araújos Island, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, after contamination of the Doce River with mining tailings. Data were collected in residences through interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. Seventeen months after disaster, 73% of habitants changed water use habits, mainly for cooking (53%). Public supply water (PSW) was partially replaced for other sources, mainly mineral water. Additionally, 54% changed their dietary habits by reduction or interruption of the consumption of freshwater fish (50%), fruit (28%), vegetables (27%) and food made outside the home (40%). Most of them (96%) perceived an addition risk to food production after disaster. Financial (69%) and psychological (55%) damages as well as health risk (39%) were the negative effects most frequently mentioned. Only 13% positively evaluated the quality of PSW while 77% believe PWS may cause some type of damage in foods. Part (59%) did not believe in information regarding potability of PSW. These changes would be associated with healthier lifestyle habits, health risk perception about water quality and safety and lack of confidence about water potability. -
Effect of team-based learning on dental education in China: systematic review and meta-analysis Original Article
WANG, Jialing; CHENG, Lei; JIANG, MingyanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Background Team-based learning (TBL) is a student-centered and teacher-directed teaching strategy. In contrast to the traditional lecture-based learning (LBL), TBL is committed to promoting self-directed learning and teamwork among students. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literatures was performed to compare the teaching effects between TBL and LBL in dental students. Methods: Literature review was conducted from electronic databases including PubMed, Ovid, Web of science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang Database up to January 12, 2020. Results: A total of 12 articles with 831 students were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that students in the TBL group performed better than those in the LBL group in terms of theoretical grades (SMD: 1.29, p=0.002, 95%CI: 0.46-2.13), case analysis (SMD: 2.50, p<0.05, 95%CI 1.44-3.55) and grades of practice ability (SMD: 1.90, p=0.002, 95%CI: 0.68-3.12). However, the results of each parameter followed a significantly high heterogeneity (I2=96%, 92%, 93%, respectively). The quality of included studies was mostly good. Conclusion: TBL might be more effective to increase the absorption of theoretical knowledge and improve the ability of case analysis and practice. More well-designed and rigorous studies are required to validate this conclusion. -
The improvement value and treatment safety of neurological rehabilitation strengthening training on upper limb functions of patients with cerebrovascular diseases Original Article
YOU, Fei; MA, Chaoyang; XU, Fen; SUN, Fangfang; WAN, WenjunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore the improvement value and treatment safety of neurological rehabilitation strengthening training on upper-limb functions of cerebrovascular patients. A total of 80 patients with cerebrovascular hemiplegia were divided into two groups. The 40 patients in the regular group were instructed to carry out regular rehabilitation training for 20 min/day, lasting for 5d/week; another 40 patients in the strengthening group were instructed to carry out neurological rehabilitation strengthening training on the basis of regular training. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in fma-ue, ARAT, MBI scores and EDV, RI, PSV of carotid and vertebral arteries between the two groups (P > 0.05); after treatment, fma-ue, ARAT, MBI, EDV, PSV of the study group were higher than those of the control group, RI was less than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), after the intervention, the number of patients with grade IV ~ VI in the study group was more than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The application of neurological rehabilitation strengthening training might improve the upper-limb motor functions of patients with cerebrovascular hemiplegia and promote the rehabilitation of limb nerve functions. -
Anti-bacterial activity of Annona muricata Linnaeus extracts: a systematic review Original Article
SILVA, Ricardo Mendes da; SILVA, Isabella de Matos Mendes da; ESTEVINHO, Maria Manuela; ESTEVINHO, Leticia M.Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract Current analysis systematically reviews data available in the literature on the anti-bacterial activity of Annona muricata extracts (AME) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Search was undertaken at four electronic databases and studies’ quality were assessed. Results were summarized and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of AME (versus antimicrobial control) against S. aureus and E. coli was the main datum analyzed. The initial database search yielded 2,433 results. We selected 14 studies and four were used for meta-analysis. The MIC ranged between 156 µg/mL and 1,024 µg/mL against S. aureus and between 256 µg/mL and 1,024 µg/mL against E. coli. The different strains of E. coli studied were more sensitive to AME than those of S. aureus. The differences mean concentrations and standard deviations between AME and antimicrobials were 101.91 and 946.05 for E. coli, and 388.90 and 970.61 for S. aureus respectively. The heterogeneity of data is highlighted. Different methodologies were used, several studies didn’t include antibiotics as control, antibiotics were different and various concentrations of extracts were tested. Studies showed possibilities of the plant under analysis as a source of new phytochemical compounds against microorganisms. -
Effect of Xiaoning liquid on gut microbiota in asthmatic mice by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing Original Article
HE, Yuanyuan; LUO, Yating; HUANG, Qinwan; ZHOU, Hongyun; QIAN, Ming; GUAN, Zhiwei; LIU, Qianwei; ZHAO, QiongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the effects of Xiaoning liquid on gut microbiota in mouse during asthma. A total of 60 mice were randomly and averagely assigned to healthy control group, control group, budesonide group, and Xiaoning liquid group. The later three groups were used to establish an Ovalbumin (OVA) asthma model. The intestinal bacterial communities were compared among groups using 16S rRNA gene amplification. Analyzing the structure of gut microbiota with OTU analysis, Shannon-Wiener, PCA, PCOA, etc. 16S rDNA high- throughput sequencing. The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota in asthmatic mice increased, most obviously in the control group. The Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes levels increased in all asthmatic mice. The level of Bacteroides increased most obviously, making Bacteroides a useful marker of gut microbiota changes in asthmatic mice. The levels of Proteobacterium, Deferribacteraceae and Mucispirillum dropped significantly in the Xiaoning liquid group. Xiaoning liquid can reduce the species and numbers of pathogenic bacteria and restored the intestinal microecology of asthmatic mice. Xiaoning liquid has a positive effect on the function of gut microbiota. -
Cryptotanshinone protects hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway Original Article
XU, Dong; GUI, Chengli; ZHAO, Haiyan; LIU, FengliResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Cryptotanshinone (CPT), a terpenoid isolated from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, was reported to have neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic stroke. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying its neuroprotective ability remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory effects of CPT on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced cell injury in a model of hippocampal neurons. Our results demonstrated that CPT improved cell viability and reduced the lactate dehydrogenase leakage in OGD/R-stimulated hippocampal neurons. In addition, CPT significantly inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons after OGD/R stimulation. Furthermore, CPT significantly enhanced the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in hippocampal neurons exposed to OGD/R. Moreover, Nrf2 knockdown reversed the anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant activities of CPT in primary hippocampal neurons exposed to OGD/R. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that CPT attenuated oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after OGD/R injury through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in hippocampal neurons. Thus, CPT may be a novel therapeutic agent for cerebral I/R injury. -
Typical Brazilian cheeses: safety, mineral content and adequacy to the nutritional labeling Original Article
MESSIAS, Tayanna Bernardo Oliveira Nunes; MAGNANI, Marciane; PIMENTEL, Tatiana Colombo; SILVA, Luana Martiniano da; ALVES, Juliane; GADELHA, Tatiane Santi; MORGANO, Marcelo Antônio; PACHECO, Maria Teresa Bertoldo; OLIVEIRA, Maria Elieidy Gomes de; QUEIROGA, Rita de Cássia Ramos do EgyptoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of six typical Brazilian cheeses (bovine milk coalho, goat milk coalho, fresh ricotta, manteiga, fresh Minas, and Padrão Minas). Padrão Minas cheese presented high acidity and the highest contents of protein, fat, and ash, while Ricotta cheese presented the lowest contents of protein, fat, and ash. Bovine milk coalho and Minas fresh cheeses were characterized as source of zinc. Manteiga cheese was characterized by the yellow color (higher b* values). Goat milk coalho cheese was characterized by the white color (higher L* values) and presented the highest concentration of minerals (potassium, iron, magnesium, calcium, manganese, and phosphorus). Part of the typical Brazilian cheeses did not agree with the legislation for moisture (5.9%) and fat in the dry matter (11.8%) classifications, as well as, did not have adequate concentrations of protein (65.4%) and fat (44.9%) stated in the label, being the non-conformity dependent on the cheese type. Furthermore, 30% of the cheeses (30%) disagreed with the microbiological Brazilian legislation, as they presented coliforms and/or coagulase-positive Staphylococcus counts above the limits. It can be concluded that the Brazilian cheeses are nutritive, but the microbial quality and nutritional labels need improvement. -
Functional, textural, physicochemical and sensorial evaluation of cottage cheese standardized with food grade coagulants Original Article
ALI, Muhammad Bahadur; MURTAZA, Mian Shamas; SHAHBAZ, Muhammad; SAMEEN, Aysha; RAFIQUE, Saima; ARSHAD, Rizwan; RAZA, Nighat; AKBAR, Zainab; KAUSAR, Ghazala; AMJAD, AdnanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Milk is an excellent source of nutrients. It is a balanced diet. Cheeses are fermented milk product. There are hunderds of cheese types. Cottage cheese is fermented dairy product made by the coagulation of milk. It is nutritionally most suitable diet for lactose intolerant people. It contains all essential nutrients. Recently cottage cheese was made with the use of tatri and lemon juice. The use of tatri and lemon do not produce good quality end product. This project was aimed to standardize cottage cheese using food grade coagulants. Cottage cheese was analyzed for physicochemical, textural, functional and sensorial analysis. The use of food grade organic acids produced strong results. The increase in acid level increases the yield but it is not remains good organolaptically. Sensory results reveals that the use of acetic acid has a bitter aftertaste. The use of citric acid at the level of 0.4% was found best on all aspects. -
Revealing of free radical scavenging and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor potency of pigmented rice seed protein Original Article
SUSILOWATI, Erlin; SANJAYA, Bella Rhea Lavifa; NUGRAHA, Ari Satia; UBAIDILLAH, Mohammad; SISWOYO, Tri AgusResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The potential source of bioactive protein from pigmented rice seed was investigated by buffered extracting from nine varieties (Merah-SP, Gogo Niti-2, Merah Wangi, Super Manggis, Lamongan-1, Mota, Ketan Hitam-2, Beureum Taleus, and Aek Sibundong) and non-pigmented rice (IR-64) as a control. The potent contributor to free radical scavenging of extracted proteins was evaluated by analyzing their free amino acid composition. The free radical scavenging and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-I) inhibitory activity of these proteins were analyzed in-vitro. The free radical scavenging activity was analyzed using various standard methods, including radical cation 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate acid (ABTS•+), hydroxyl radical (OH•) and defense against radical-mediated DNA damages by hydroxyl. Total free amino acid content ranged between 77.7-181.2 g/100 g protein, and among them, Ketan Hitam-2 displayed the highest abundant antioxidant amino acid grouping (23.23%) and shown significantly higher ABTS•+ activity (IC50=8.64 µg/mL) and OH• activity (IC50=20.33 µg/mL). Moreover, Ketam Hitam-2 also exhibited notable ACE-I inhibitory activity (IC50=6.20 µg/mL) and protected hydroxyl-induced oxidative damage to DNA. The in-vitro systems for free radical scavenging and ACE-I inhibitory were used to acquire the data. The potency of Ketan Hitam-2 seed protein could be utilized as a natural nutraceuticals compound. -
Anti-aging effects of Lasia spinosa L. stem extract on Drosophila melanogaster Original Article
MEN, Tran Thanh; KHANG, Do Tan; TUAN, Nguyen Trong; TRANG, Dai Thi XuanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Anti-aging effect is a stimulating topic that attracting serious consideration from many researchers. Medicinal plants with anti-aging properties thereby have become common research subjects in various fields of science. This study aims to determine phytochemical constituents, specifically the total of phenolic and flavonoid contents and evaluate the anti-aging activity of ethanolic extracts from the stem of Lasia spinosa L. The DPPH and ABTS assays were applied to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S was used as the model organism to evaluate in vivo antioxidant activity, lifespan extension, climbing, and reproduction abilities. The results indicated that Lasia spinosa L. extract presented the phenolic and flavonoid contents, which were 271.65 mg GAE/g and 579.57 mg QE/g, respectively. The EC50 values of antioxidant activity was 23.80 µg/mL in DPPH assay and was 3.56 µg/mL for the assay of ABTS. The result also showed that the lifespan of adult fruit flies fed on extracts from Lasia spinosa L. was increased in oxidative stress conditions induced by H2O2. In lifespan assays, Drosophila melanogaster fed on the ethanolic extract from Lasia spinosa L. stem at 0.5 mg/mL of concentration in combination with standard food showed their mean lifespan increased to 22.9%, 50% survival increased to 22.2%, and the maximum lifespan of last flies increased to 20.7% compared with the control. The research results demonstrated a potential property among its natural compounds of Lasia spinosa L, which is capable of anti-aging through antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo conditions. -
Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides exerts anti-oxidative effect in vitro through Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway Original Article
LI, Qian; QIN, Xiankun; YU, Yang; QUAN, Shijian; XIAO, PingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide (SCP) is extracted from a well-known traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis (SC). We purified a new compound and would like to analyze the effect of SCP on oxidative stress (OS) in vitro. SCP was identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and infrared spectrum (IR). The effect of SCP on cell proliferation, activity of oxidative and anti-oxidative index superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), protein expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its down-stream factors expression, stability of Nrf2, and binding activity of Nrf2 with DNA were tested using different methods in 293T cells. The result showed that SCP enhanced the cell proliferation of 293T cells, the contents of GSH and CAT, and the activity of SOD, while decreased the content of MDA. In addition, SCP promoted the transfer of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to nucleus, the binding activity of Nrf2 with DNA, the stability of Nrf2 protein, and prolonged the half-life of Nrf2. SCP showed a strong anti-oxidative activity and activation of the Nrf2 pathway, indicating that SCP had the potential to be developed into the natural anti-oxidant in the future. -
Influencing factors of mental and bone health status of older women Original Article
DAI, Qin; FU, Chunjing; JIANG, Wei; CHEN, Lanling; WAN, Tingting; XU, Yanqiu; XU, Niansha; GUO, HongrongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Objective To investigate the influencing factors that influence the mental and bone health status of older women. Methods A total of 576 older women aged more than 75 years old were recruited from 30 communities. Participants completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Participants’ bone mineral density was measured by ultrasound bone densitometer or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results The average K10 score was (14.78±4.23). There were 352 subjects (61.11%) in “good” mental health status, 158(27.43%) in general status and 66(11.46%) in poor status. There were 315 older women(54.69%) who developed OP, and they had significantly higher K10 score than the non-OP subjects. A Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis showed that poor mental status, aging, age at menarche <16 years, long time of menopause, more delivery times were the risk factors for OP in older women, while regular exercise and high BMI were the protective factors against OP in older women. Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis showed that bone mineral density was negatively correlated with K10 score. Conclusion Mental and bone health of older women are affected by a variety of factors. Clinical care can focus on providing comprehensive prevention and control of these factors. -
Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential of some seaweed extracts Original Article
SHAFAY, Shimaa EL; EL-SHEEKH, Mostafa; BASES, Eman; EL-SHENODY, RaniaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aims to evaluate the secondary metabolites, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of four selected seaweeds Padina pavonica, Taonia atomaria, Jania rubens, and Corallina elongata. The maximum value of phenolic content (176.7 ± 6.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g crude extract) and tannin content (26.5 ± 4.3 mg tannic acid equivalents/g crude extract), was shown in the methanol extract of J. rubens and P. pavonica, respectively. While the ethanol extract of T. atomaria recorded the highest values of total flavonoid content (374.1 ±27.4 mg quercetin equivalents/g crude extract) and total saponins content (30.2 ± 0.7 mg cholesterol equivalents/g crude extract, respectively) compared to other seaweeds. Methanol extract of J. rubens and C. elongata exhibited the greatest content of alkaloids (25.8 ± 4.4 and 22.7 ± 2.6 mg/g d wt.). The methanol extract of P. pavonica established the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (55.7% ± 0.1) at 50 μg/mL. Among the selected seaweed extracts, the ethanol extract of T. atomaria demonstrated the maximum α-amylase inhibition capacity (66.3% ± 0.0). Methanol extract of J. rubens and P. pavonica species effectively prevented the hypotonicity-induced haemolysis in a concentration-dependent manner compared with the diclofenac potassium as a standard anti-inflammatory drug. In vitro, the reported results also supported the safety and non-toxicity of the four seaweed extracts on WI-38 cell line at lower concentrations. J. rubens and P. pavonica methanol extracts recorded the highest cell growth inhibition of the HeLa Cancer Cell Lines compared to other seaweed extracts and the standard drug Cisplatin. -
Effect of breast-conserving surgery and modified radical mastectomy on quality of life of early breast cancer patients Original Article
LIU, Heng; LUO, ChengyuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract We aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of breast-conserving surgery and modified radical mastectomy on the quality of life (QoL) in patients with early breast cancer. A total of 100 patients treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) were recruited in the BCS group, and 100 patients treated with modified radical mastectomy (MRM) in the MRM group. Our results showed that patients had significantly shorter operation time and hospital stay, smaller incisions, and less intraoperative blood loss in the BCS group than in the MRM group. The total complication rate was significantly lower in the BCS. The rate of good-to-excellent aesthetic outcomes in the BCS group was significantly. At one year and three years after surgery, the QoL in the BCS group was significantly higher than that in the MRM group (P<0.0001). In conclusion, BCS is as effective as MRM in early breast cancer, but confers better perioperative and aesthetic outcomes, higher QoL, and lower postoperative complication rate. -
(S)-(-)-N-[2-(3-Hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-acetamide inhibits colon cancer growth via the STAT1 pathway Original Article
LI, Kang; YUAN, Dawei; CHEN, Wei; MA, Rulan; XIAN, YinshengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract (S)-(-)-N-[2-(3-Hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-acetamide (EA), a new compound isolated from the plant Selaginella pulvinata, has been identified to possess anti-proliferative effects against SK-mel-110 cells in vitro via upregulating the expression of inhibitor of growth family member 4. The present study aimed to investigate whether EA could exert antitumor effects against colon cancer. The results revealed that EA exerted anti-proliferative effects against a broad spectrum of different types of tumor and could induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 pathway. It was demonstrated that treating tumor-bearing mice with EA significantly inhibited colon tumor growth in a xenograft tumor model and syngeneic tumor model. Furthermore, EA treatment reshaped the tumor microenvironment by decreasing myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation and increasing the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. The results from the present study suggest that EA could be developed as a potential antitumor drug against colon cancer. -
Fibrinogen-like protein 2 aggravates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice following sevoflurane anesthetic through ROS production by PPAR Original Article
BIAN, Wen; JIAO, Fengmei; LI, Guiting; CHEN, WeiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aims to investigate the mechanism and effects of Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice following sevoflurane anesthetic. Mice of SAP group were placed in box with oxygen and anesthetic gas (60 mg/kg, pentobarbital), 2.5% Sevoflurane was pumped into the box for 1 h. H9C2 cells were treated by 3% sevoflurane for 6 h and a mixture of 95% O2 + 5% CO2 for 24 h. Fgl2 mRNA expression was up-regulated in mice of I/R injury following sevoflurane. Fgl2 protein reduced HR, LVDP, dp/dtmax (+) and dp/dtmax (-), increased LVEDP levels, myocardial infarct size and AI in mice of I/R injury following sevoflurane. Fgl2 suppressed PPAR signaling pathway, and promoted ROS production in vivo or vitro model. The activation of PPAR signaling pathway reduced the function of Fgl2 in vivo and vitro model. Fgl2 might serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of I/R injury following sevoflurane. We hope that our findings will pave a way for future therapies against I/R injury following sevoflurane. -
[RETRACTED ARTICLE]Isolation of curcumol from zedoary turmeric oil and its inhibitory effect on growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in nude mice Original Article
TIAN, Yuan; PANG, Xin; WANG, FengmeiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study investigated the inhibitory effect and mechanism of curcumol on growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 xenografts in nude mice. Curcumol was isolated from from zedoary turmeric oil. The HepG2 xenograft model in nude mice was established. Forty modeled nude mice were divided into model, cisplatin, curcumol and cisplatin+curcumol groups. The latter three groups were treated with 2 mg/kg cisplatin, 100 mg/kg curcumol and 2 mg/kg cisplatin combined with 100 mg/kg curcumol, respectively, once every two days, for total seven times. After treatment, compared with cisplatin group, in cisplatin+curcumol group the tumor weight and tumor inhibition rate were obviously increased, the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells was obviously increased, the expression levels of Caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X proteins in xenograft tumor were significantly increased, and the expression level of B-cell lymphoma-2 protein was significantly decreased. In addition, the thymus index and spleen index of animal had no significant difference between cisplatin group and cisplatin+curcumol group. In conclusion, the additional use of curcumol can obviously increase the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on growth of HCC HepG2 xenografts in nude mice. The mechanism may be related to the enhanced promotion of apoptosis of tumor. -
The effect of beans types and soaking time on the characteristics of Indonesian traditional food "Instant Bose" Original Article
EKA YULIANTI, Lista; SETIABOMA, Woro; NURRACHMA HAKIM, Ainaya; WIDOWATI, Esti; AFIFAH, Nok; EKAFITRI, RiyantiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Bose is a traditional Indonesian food made from a mixture of corn grits and beans that are cooked for a long time. Bose has the potential to be processed into instant food. This study aims to examine the effect of adding several types of beans (soybeans, mungbeans, and peanuts) and the length of soaking time (2, 9, and 16 hours) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of instant Bose. A completely randomized design was used in this study. Instant Bose with the addition of soybeans had the highest protein and iron content, while instant Bose with the mungbeans addition had the highest carbohydrate content. The addition of peanuts in instant Bose resulted the highest fat content, the longest rehydration time and the highest hardness compared to the other treatments. The longer soaking time decreased the nutritional value of instant Bose, speeded up rehydration time, increased swelling volume, and decreased hardness. Based on the sensory analysis, instant Bose made from a mixture of soybeans with the soaking time of 16 hours showed the highest preference. This kind of Bose contained 15.32% protein, 4.85% fat, and 1.85% iron with a rehydration time of 8.38 minutes and a hardness of 664.24 N. -
Effects of Covid-19 pandemic on agri-food production and farmers Original Article
UĞUR, Atnan; BURUKLAR, TuğbaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic significantly affected agriculture and various industries. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Covid-19 pandemic on agri-food production. The data for this descriptive study were collected from those working in agriculture industry in Konya province of Turkey in between 15/12/2020 and 30/12/2020. These data were collected by a survey form prepared by the researches in line with the existing literature. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test was used to analyze the data. In the research area, it was also found out that median educational status was secondary school graduation and generally the incomes exceeded the expenses. 1.3% of the participants were diagnosed with Covid-19. Increase in production costs, price instability and difficulties in working and recruiting workers and shrinkage in markets were frequently mentioned by those dealing with dry farming, irrigated farming and vegetable and fruit growing respectively. As income level increased, the level of those worrying about the harvest and sales, experiencing difficulties in agricultural products and food and having problems for supply of production materials also increased. Governments should take measures to take the sting out of the pandemic and they should develop policies/strategies supporting sustainability of agricultural production. -
Functional expression of the sweet-tasting protein brazzein in transgenic tobacco Original Article
CHOI, Hyo-Eun; LEE, Ji-In; JO, Seon-Yeong; CHAE, Yun-Cheol; LEE, Jeong-Hwan; SUN, Hyeon-Jin; KO, Kisung; HONG, Sungguan; KONG, Kwang-HoonResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The sweet-tasting protein, brazzein, has potential as a low-calorie sugar substitute owing to its high sweetness, stability, and water solubility. In this study, the synthetic brazzein gene was expressed in the tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum. Three types of expression cassettes containing the brazzein gene were constructed to examine the expression and purification efficiency of the brazzein: pBI-BZ1 containing a signal sequence and His-tag, pBI-BZ2 containing a signal sequence, and pBI-BZ3 containing only the brazzein gene. Brazzein expression confirmed by ELISA was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, heat treatment, and CM-sepharose chromatography. The purity and conformational state of the brazzein were confirmed using SDS-PAGE, HPLC, and circular dichroism. The identity of the brazzein was confirmed by N-terminal amino acid analysis, ESI-MS/MS, and sweetness analysis. We successfully generated brazzein overexpression tobacco plants, suggesting that this method could be used as a brazzein production platform to provide an alternative to currently produced sweeteners. -
Performance of sesame straw cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin biochars as adsorbents in removing benzo(a)pyrene from edible oil Original Article
YANG, Qiao-Li; QIN, Zhao; LIU, Hua-Min; CHENG, Xi-Chuang; MA, Yu-Xiang; WANG, Xue-DeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The safety problems related to the occurrence of benzo(a)pyrene in edible oil have been a major threat to human health, and now significant attention has been to remove benzo(a)pyrene. So in this work, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin biochars were prepared, and then were used to remove benzo(a)pyrene from contaminated oil. Based on the nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and the scanning election micrographs, the modified biochars had a huge specific surface area of 983.50-1915.55 m2/g and a well-developed porous structure. The modified biochars showed higher removal rate for benzo(a)pyrene than unmodified biochars. The highest adsorption (95.79%) of benzo(a)pyrene was achieved using the modified lignin biochar, which was therefore selected for evaluation of adsorptive capacity. The ability of the modified lignin biochar to adsorb benzo(a)pyrene was consistent with the pseudo-second order kinetic equation indicating mainly chemisorption, and it fit the Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.999), thereby revealing the occurrence of multilayer adsorption. The effect of π-π conjugation interaction and pore-filling together promoted the high adsorption performance of the modified lignin biochar. This work demonstrates that the modified lignin biochar could be a promising adsorbent for the removal of benzo(a)pyrene from edible oils. -
Nutritional and safety evaluation of various liquid and powdered tea whiteners available in Pakistan Original Article
SOHAIB, Muhammad; NAEEM, Muhammad; ALI, Ahmad; IQBAL, Sanaullah; AMJAD, Adnan; NAUMAN, Kashif; AHMAD, Shahzad; RAZA, Mohsin; SAAD BIN JUNAID, Muhammad; UMAIR RIAZ, MuhammadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The present study conducted to assess nutritional, safety parameters (aflatoxin M1/AFM1 and heavy metals; copper, cadmium and zinc) and fatty-acid composition of tea-whiteners (TWs). Accordingly, TW’s samples composition (moisture, ash, protein, fat and nitrogen free extract) determined using AOAC methods, minerals including Na, K and Ca heavy metals including Cu, Cd and Zn determined via atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The AFM1 measured using thin layer chromatography (TLC) whereas, fatty acids and trans-fat contents were determined using gas chromatography. ANOVA and independent sample t test applied to assess the significant difference. Results indicated that protein and fat contents (%) of liquid TWs were 2.7-5.4 and 4.28-6.48, respectively. Powdered TWs protein and fat (%) were 13.4-17, and 23.06-29.03, respectively. AFM1 was not found in any TW. Cu/Cd and Zn levels (ppm) of liquid TWs were 0.296-2.075, ND-1.206 and 0.009-0.026 respectively. For powdered TWs the readings (ppm) were 0.515-0.632, 0.003-0.005 and 0.010-0.013 respectively. Trans-fats (%) in liquid TWs were 2.90-7.51 and in powdered TWs were 1.29-1.83. In nutshell, TWs had traces of trans fats ranged 1.29-7.51% whereas, liquid TWs contain more trans-fats than powdered TWs. Major fatty acids among liquid and powdered TWs were palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. -
Microbiological evaluation of industrialized and artisanal Minas fresh cheese commercialized in the Federal District, Brazil Original Article
FERNANDES SILVA RODRIGUES, Letícia; LUNARA SANTOS PAVELQUESI, Sabrina; ALMEIDA DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA, Ana Carolina; DA SILVA MONTEIRO, Erika; DE SOUZA SILVA, Calliandra Maria; RODRIGUES DA SILVA, Izabel Cristina; CASTILHO ORSI, DanielaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of Minas fresh cheese commercialized in Federal District, Brazil. For this, 20 samples of industrialized cheeses were collected in supermarkets and 20 samples of artisanal cheeses were collected in public food markets. The analyzes performed were total count of bacteria, determination of coliforms, count of S. aureus and identification of Salmonella spp. (InvA gene) and S. aureus (SeC gene). The results showed that 26 samples (65%) were unfit for consumption according to Brazilian legislation. For industrialized cheeses, 6 samples (15%) of were unfit for consumption (3 samples for excess of thermotolerant coliforms and 3 samples for excess of S. aureus). For artisanal cheeses, all 20 samples (50%) were unfit for consumption due to the high S. aureus counts, including 6 samples that had excess thermotolerant coliforms and 1 sample that was contaminated with Salmonella. Comparing the results, industrialized cheeses showed better microbiological quality than artisanal cheeses. Thus, artisanal Minas fresh cheeses commercialized in the public food markets of the Federal District showed the presence of bacterial hazards, and there is an evident need for good hygiene practices in the entire production chain to ensure consumer food safety. -
Biotechnology of yogurt producing with specialized fermentation starters: safety indicators assessment Original Article
KENZHEYEVA, Zhanar; VELYAMOV, Masimzhan; DYUSKALIEVA, Gulzhamal; KUDIYAROVA, Zhanar; MUSTAFAEVA, Aigul; ALIPBEKOVA, AigulResumo em Inglês:
Abstract We are what we are eating. It is critically important to know you are eating a safe and quality meal. And the big companies have not to be excluded. Checking of the manufacturing technologies can show points which need more attention for getting a useful product. The aim of the research was to evaluate the yogurt production process according to biotechnology qualitative and safety. The authors have studied technical regiments of the yogurt “Dolce” and "Bios" (“Foodmaster” joint-stock company) preparation. The study results declare the milk-products by the “Foodmaster” joint-stock company meets the requirements for fermented milk products raw materials production. Specialized microorganisms for dairy products manufacturing from lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria strains were tested: "Bios" yogurt B. longum-B-5-M, “Dolce” yogurt lactic acid bacteria Str. thermophilus-SV-M, L. acidophilus-L1-M. Microorganisms starter cultures were meet the requirements for fermented milk products manufacturing with prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. We have checked the yogurt "Bios" and “Dolce” manufacture process in the “Foodmaster” joint-stock company. And can conclude the checked products can be getting a useful product in our meal list. -
Establishment of a mouse pneumonia model under cold stress Original Article
CHENG, Qian; MAO, Yudi; DING, XipingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Simulating the cold living environment of the human body in winter, establishing a mouse model of pneumonia under single-factor cold stimulation to provide a basis and a new direction for further research on the relationship between cold and pulmonary inflammation. C57/BL6J mice were divided into three groups: A (initial control group), B (control group), and C (experimental group). They were randomly divided into 10 mice for each group, placed in an environment (temperature 22 ± 1 °C, humidity 50 ± 5%). After 3 weeks, mice in group A were sacrificed. Group C mice were exposed to environment (temperature 4 °C, humidity 50 ± 5%) for 8 h (9 am to 5 pm), and mice in group B were placed. (The temperature was 22 ± 1°C, humidity 50 ± 5%). The lungs of the mice in group A and B were normal. The inflammatory cells infiltrated in the mice in group C, and the alveolar structure disappeared. The neutrophil immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in neutrophils and the percentage of blood neutrophils. Higher than group A and B (P < 0.05). The mice were stimulated daily for 8 hours at a temperature of 4 °C and humidity (50 ± 5) % for 30 days to establish a cold-stimulated pneumonia model. -
Efficacy of silymarin in treatment of COPD via P47phox signaling pathway Original Article
XU, Lin; SONG, Qingying; OUYANG, Zhanghong; ZHENG, Mengning; ZHANG, Xiangyan; ZHANG, ChengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. To investigate effect of silymarin on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The serum samples of 20 healthy controls, 20 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and 20 patients with stable COPD were collected. LPS and smoking were used to induce COPD mouse model. Our results showed that in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, O2-level release from peripheral blood neutrophils were negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1 in predicted value, FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), and arterial partial pressure (PaO2). (r=-0.898, -0.878, -874, -0.890, all P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the phosphorylation of NADPH oxidase p47phox factor and peripheral blood neutrophil membrane protein in the stable COPD group and the acute exacerbation COPD group were significantly stronger. Silymarin can inhibit the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In conclusion, silymarin reduces oxidative stress in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells, thus decreasing the oxidative stress in COPD patients -
Vitamin D alleviates skeletal muscle loss and insulin resistance by inducing vitamin D receptor expression and regulating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway in mice Original Article
LI, Aijuan; SHEN, Pengcheng; LIU, Sijia; WANG, Jiao; ZENG, Jingru; DU, ChunpingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Vitamin D (VD) was reported to play protective roles in skeletal muscle. This study aimed to explore whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibition is associated with the protective effects of VD/VD receptor (VDR) signaling on skeletal muscle functions. C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) and then incubated with different concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 (VD3), and we found that VD3 improved the impaired cell viability induced by PA and increased VDR expression in a dose-dependent manner. Then 100 nM VD3 treatment and VDR overexpression both ameliorated PA-induced ER stress, apoptosis, inflammation and glucose uptake inhibition in C2C12 myocytes. Furthermore, VDR knockdown reversed the protective effects of VD3 on C2C12 cell functions. Additionally, PA-treated C2C12 cells were treated with VD3 alone or together with AMPK signaling inhibitor Compound C. VD3 promoted phosphorylation of AMPK and SIRT1 expression, while Compound C reversed these effects and abolished the protective effects of VD3 in C2C12 cells. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were treated with VD3, and VD3 alleviated skeletal muscle loss and insulin resistance in mice. In conclusion, VD inhibited AMPK/SIRT1-mediated ER stress by increasing VDR expression, and further ameliorated skeletal muscle loss and insulin resistance in mice. -
CLDN18-ARHGAP26 function in gastric cancer and be a new therapeutic target by ABCG2 and ABCB1 pathway Original Article
LI, Jing; ZHENG, Xuwei; JIA, Jianguang; XIE, Bo; ZHANG, Chensong; WANG, Hu; LI, Hongbo; MA, JiachiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Gastric cancer is one the most common human malignancies, with an increased incidence year by year. The underlying mechanisms of Claudin 18 (CLDN18) was involvement in patients with gastric cancer remain poorly understood. We therefore investigated the function of CLDN18 in patients with gastric cancer. Blood samples were collected from gastric cancer patients. CLDN18 and CLDN18 expression were measured using Microarray and qPCR. MTT assay, Transwell assay cells, LDH activity and Caspase-3/9 activity and Flow cytometry were used to measure the effects of ARHGAP26 and CLDN18 on cell growth in gastric cancer. We firstly found that CLDN18 expression were increased in patients with gastric cancer. Then, up-regulation of CLDN18 promoted cell growth in gastric cancer. Down-regulation of CLDN18 induced apoptosis in gastric cancer. Cancer-promoting genetic of CLDN18 is compromised by CLDN18-ARHGAP26 in gastric cancer cell. Down-regulation of ARHGAP26 rescues the effects of CLDN18-mediated tumor promotion effects on gastric cancer cell. CLDN18-ARHGAP26 mediated tumor suppressive effects on gastric cancer cells by ABCG2 and ABCB1 pathway. These results provide evidence that serum CLDN18-ARHGAP26 as a biomarker for tumor promoting genetic in gastric cancer via ABCG2 and ABCB1 pathway. -
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in smoked meat sausages: effect of smoke generation source, smoking duration, and meat content Original Article
ALSADAT MIRBOD, Mahtab; HADIDI, Milad; HUSEYN, Elcin; MOUSAVI KHANEGHAH, AminResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three generation sources of smoke (poplar, haloxylon, and white paper), smoking duration (2 and 4 h) and meat contents (55 and 80%) on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels of meat sausages. The results showed that there are a positive correlation between the lignin content of smoke generation sources and the PAHs level of smokes and smoked sausages. The total PAHs contents in both smoke and smoked sausages increased significantly as smoking duration increased from 2 to 4 h. The concentrations of total PAHs in the smoked sausage ranged from 6.35 to 20.04 μg⁄Kg. Furthermore, the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) levels for the smoked sausages were 0.30 to 1.14 µg⁄Kg. However, the contents of BaP and PAH4 (benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene) were lower than the limit of detection (LOD) in all samples of the smoked sausages. The smoked sausage with 80% of meat content (less fat) processed by poplar and white paper for 2 h had the lowest level of PAHs. -
Clinic serum levels of Plin5 is therapeutic target of spinal cord injury and Plin5 reduced inflammation in spinal cord injury via silent information regulator 1 dependent inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome Original Article
WU, Binqiang; LIANG, Xiao; ZHAO, Feng; FAN, Wei; LI, Chunjiang; ZHAO, Bin; REN, JieResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The study investigated that clinic significance and molecular mechanism of Plin5 in spinal cord injury (SCI). Serum levels of Plin5 was down-regulated and there is a negative correlation between Plin5 and IL-1β levels in patients with SCI,. Human Plin5 protein could reduce inflammation, and prevented spinal cord injury in rat model of SCI. Over-expression of Plin5 reduced inflammation divisors via activation of SIRT1 and suppression of NLRP3 in vitro model of SCI; down-regulation of Plin5 promoted inflammation divisors via inactivation of SIRT1 and induction of NLRP3 in vitro model of SCI. SIRT1 is important targets of Plin5 in inflammation divisors of SCI. The inhibition of SIRT1 reduced the effects of Plin5 on inflammation divisors of SCI. The activation of NLRP3 also reduced the effects of Plin5 on inflammation divisors of SCI. We concluded that clinic Serum levels of Plin5 is therapeutic target of SCI and Plin5 reduced inflammation in SCI via SIRT1 dependent suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome. -
Effects of Foxc1 and Oct4 genes regulating BMSCs transplantation on cardiomyocyte apoptosis after acute myocardial infarction in rats Original Article
ZHANG, Dongming; WU, ShaozeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the effect of Foxc1 and Oct4 genes regulated by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation on cardiomyocyte apoptosis after acute myocardial infarction in rats. 180 healthy SD male rats were divided into 3 groups by random number table method, namely control group, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group and BMSCs group. The rats were sacrificed 4 weeks after transplantation. The TUNEL method was used to detect the cardiomyocyte apoptosis index. The control group basically had no cardiomyocyte apoptosis, while the apoptosis indexes of AMI group (0.67 ± 0.14) was higher than that (0.31 ± 0.12) of BMSCs group (P < 0.05). The OD value of Foxc1 and Oct4 protein in BMSCs group was higher than those in AMI group (all P < 0.05). BMSCs transplantation can reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis after AMI in rats. The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of Oct4 and Foxc1 protein expression. -
A meta-analysis of front-line therapy of osimertinib in treating non-small cell lung cancer Original Article
ZHAO, Qian; CHEN, YunfengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Our meta-analysis was designed to explored the efficacy and safety of osimertinib as front-line strategy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors had sensitive EGFR mutations. Computerized search for trials from CENTRAL, PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE up to May, 2021. The investigated trials include investigated osimertinib in untreated NSCLC patients with EGFR-mutation. Our meta-analysis summarized the outcomes from 4 studies. Outcomes of this study revealed that PFS was significantly longer for patients treated with osimertinib than the standard EGFR-TKIs/placebo group. In terms of the PFS subgroup analyses, better PFS were found to be higher in patients treated with Osimertinib, regardless of the sex, EGFR-mutated status, and smoking history. Besides, osimertinib improved CNS efficacy in untreated NSCLC patients with EGFR-mutation. In terms of the treatment-related AE subgroup analyses, no difference was identified when comparing Osimertinib vs. the comparable group (p > 0.05). The results suggested that First-line osimertinib treatment achieved a clinically meaningful PFS benefit and tolerable AEs for treatment of advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR-mutated than the prior EGFR-TKI/placebo. Meanwhile, osimertinib seemed to be a better option for advanced patients with CNS metastases. In terms of efficacy and tolerability, osimertinib seemed to be a more appropriate upfront therapy among EGFR-mutant NSCLC. -
Camel milk-sweet potato starch gel: steady shear and dynamic rheological properties Original Article
MOHAMED, Abdellatif A.; HUSSAIN, Shahzad; ALAMRI, Mohammed S.; IBRAHEEM, Mohamed A.; QASEM, Akram A. Abdo; YEHIA, HanyResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Camel milk is known to produce low quality gels. To address this drawback, sweet potato starch (SP), camel milk (CM), or cow milk (CWM) were blended and cooked in alkaline conditions. The rheological tests of the prepared gel were done using DHR- Hybrid Rheometer. Because the G’ was, by far, larger than G”, the prepared gel exhibited viscoelastic behaviour as well as shear thinning. The gel exhibited tan δ < 1.0 which indicates solid-like material, but obvious variances between the gels were detected. The gels prepared from CM were harder than CWM, but it was frequency-dependent at low frequencies from 0.1 to 1.0 (rad/sec). Samples containing camel milk presented stronger structure due to the low power law exponent (n), while CWM showed more shear thinning. The obvious high G’ and the low (n) value is projected to have processing repercussions on CM gel. -
The SYNTAX score and the coronary artery calcium score for the prediction of clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention Original Article
RONG, Yaocong; LI, Tianqi; CHEN, Yang; LIU, Hongyuan; HONG, Weilin; GUAN, Shaofeng; HAN, Wenzheng; GAN, Qian; ZHANG, Liang; CHANG, Xifeng; KONG, Chengqi; WENG, Tingwen; SHI, Chuan; ZHANG, Youjun; QU, XinkaiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aims to investigate the predictive value of SYNTAX score,SYNTAX score II and coronary artery calcium score on the prognosis of patients after PCI. The SYNTAX score, SYNTAX score II and coronary artery calcium score were calculated. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). 195 patients were included, 182 patients were followed up and the median follow-up time was 34.5 months. The MACCE occurred in 30 patients. The incidence of MACCE of lower risk, medium risk and high risk were: SYNTAX score: 6.7%, 18.3%, 24.2%; coronary artery calcium score: 9.7%, 18.3%, 21.7%; SYNTAX score II: 6.6%, 16.4%, 26.7%; new combined risk score: 7.7%, 8.1%, and 35.8%. ROC analysis showed that SYNTAX score (AUC: 0.641, 95%CI: 0.540-0.743), coronary artery calcium score (AUC: 0.597, 95%CI: 0.490 -0.704), SYNTAX score II (AUC: 0.662, 95%CI: 0.561 - 0.763), new combined risk score (0.711, 95%CI: 0.606 - 0.816). The new combined risk score tended to be superior compared to other risk score (p<0.01). The results suggested that SYNTAX score, SYNTAX score II and new combined risk score can predict the occurrence of MACCE after PCI, new combined risk score provides superior prediction. -
Growth stimulation of Clostridium butyricum in the presence of Lactobacillus brevis JL16 and Lactobacillus parabuchneri MH44 Original Article
SO, Jae-Seong; OH, Kyeongseok; SHIN, YuJinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Certain strains of Clostridium butyricum exhibit characteristics of probiotics that are now sold in eastern Asian countries such as Korea and Japan. Integral improvement in C. butyricum functions can be achieved in the presence of Lactobacillus spp. through the process of attentive selection. This study aimed to select specific strains of lactic acid bacteria that could synergistically enhance the probiotic functions of C. butyricum. The supernatants of 249 lactic acid bacteria were examined, and we observed that 24 strains did not inhibit the growth of C. butyricum. Additionally, 4 of these 24 strains induced over 2-fold promotion in C. butyricum growth rates during co-culture with this bacterial strain. This growth promotion was verified using qPCR. In particular, Lactobacillus brevis JL16 and Lactobacillus parabuchneri MH44 stimulated C. butyricum more effectively than did other strains. We determined the level of buk (butyrate kinase) expression, the survival rate in the presence of bile salt, the ability of auto-aggregation, and the survival rate after freeze-drying. -
Anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of Lonicera caerulea berry wine during different processes Original Article
LUO, Jiayuan; FAN, Ziluan; YANG, Xue; BAO, Yi-hong; LIANG, Min; GUO, YangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of seven stages (Lonicera caerulea berry juice, after enzymatic hydrolysis, sugar and acid adjustments, fermentation, deacidification, clarification and ageing) in the making of Lonicera caerulea berry wine on the anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity were studied. The total anthocyanin content was determined by the pH-differential method. The composition of anthocyanins was measured by HPLC-MS/MS. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing potential (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assays were used to measure the antioxidant activities. Eight anthocyanins namely, cyanidin-3-hexoside derivatives, cyanidin-3-acetylhexoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-rutinoside, peonidin-3,5-dihexoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3,5-dihexoside and pelargonidin-3-glucoside were detected in Lonicera caerulea berry wine and in all samples taken from each of the brewing processes. Addition of pectinase significantly increased the anthocyanin content by 69.04% and the peak areas of the individual anthocyanins increased, except for peonidin-3,5-dihexoside and peonidin-3-rutinoside. Although the anthocyanin content decreased throughout the entire process, each sample showed good antioxidant capacity. -
Study on the protective effect of Lycopene on ischemia-reperfusion myocardium through Inhibiting the opening of mitochondrial MPTP and the activation of apoptotic pathway Original Article
WANG, Juan; FU, Jianglin; CHEN, DanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Through in vitro experiments, the paper investigated whether Lycopene can mitigate cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, and further explored whether the underlying mechanism works by inhibiting the opening of MPTP.A hypoxia-reoxygenation model was established. CCK8 was employed to determine the viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. LDH was used to determine the degree of damage of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Trypan blue staining was applied to determine the survival rate of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis rate of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Rhodamine 123 staining method was applied to evaluate the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Western blot was employed to determine the protein expressions of related factors of MPTP downstream apoptosis pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Calcium induction method was used to evaluate the opening degree of MPTP of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Western blot was applied to determine the protein expressions of the related factors regulating MPTP opening in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.The vitality of H9c2 cardiomyocytes in the Lycopene group was significantly improved, the LDH activity was significantly reduced, and the cell survival rate was significantly improved. The apoptosis rate was significantly reduced, and the membrane potential decreased significantly. The expression levels of Bax, cytochrome C, APAF-1, caspase 9 and caspase-3 proteins were significantly reduced. The sensitivity of MPTP opening was significantly decreased. Lycopene can effectively alleviate the hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. By up-regulating Bcl-2 and down-regulating Bax, Lycopene can inhibit the opening of mitochondrial MPTP and the activation of downstream apoptotic pathways, thereby reducing apoptosis. -
Changes in structural and chemical composition of insoluble dietary fibers bound phenolic complexes from grape pomace by alkaline hydrolysis treatment Original Article
JIANG, Guihun; WU, Zhaogen; RAMACHANDRA, Karna; ZHAO, Chen; AMEER, KashifResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study was aimed at explanation of evolution process of bound phenolics from IDF through structural modifications after alkaline hydrolysis along with free phenolics and functional characteristics. SEM results depicted that IDF with bound phenolics exhibited denser, more compact and tubular shape whereas, the surface features of alkali-hydrolyzed residue exhibited clear fragmentation, wrinkling and porosity on outside surfaces. Microstructure changes due to alkaline hydrolysis caused disintegration of linkages among hemicellulose and cellulose microfibers. As evident from the FTIR spectra, both IDF samples (with phenolic) and alkali-soluble residue (IDF without phenolics) exhibited resemblance in FTIR spectral features and characteristics bonds. Overall, the peak positions of IDF samples and alkali-hydrolyzed residue did not show any significant change, which was indicative of the fact that no major alterations were occurred in crystalline structures of IDF due to alkali-hydrolysis treatment. IDF-bound phenolic complexes showed the highest TPC, ABTS and FRAP than SDF. In IDF alkaline extracts, total 6 phenolic compounds were detected through HPLC. The identified phenolic compounds were as; salicylic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, epigallocatechin, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. These results demonstrated that higher antioxidant activity of dietary fiber would be related to bound phenolics. -
Effects of Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai f. Lutescens Kitag polysaccharide on fertility, longevity and antioxidant capacity of Drosophila melanogaster Original Article
YE, Wenbin; ZHANG, Long; WANG, Duli; HE, Yufeng; LI, Na; JIANG, Jing; MA, YingliResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai f. Lutescens Kitag polysaccharide on fertility, longevity and antioxidant capacity of Drosophila melanogaster. The Drosophila melanogaster were randomly divided into five groups. Four generations of Drosophila melanogaster were cultured continuously in basic medium with or without polysaccharides (400, 200, 100 and 50 mg/L). The changes in fertility, lifespan and male-to-female ratio from F1 to F4 generation. The survival time under acute oxidative damage caused by paraquat and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined as well. High dose of V. coloratum polysaccharide could significantly improve the fertility and lifespans of Drosophila melanogaster from F1 to F4 generation, prolong the survival time under acute oxidative damage. Moreover, the MDA content was decreased sharply, while the activities of SOD and CAT were increased in high group. However, the male-to-female ratio was overall close to 1:1 for F1 to F4 generations among the four groups. V. coloratum polysaccharide improved the antioxidant capacity and vitality of Drosophila melanogaster and promoted their reproductive capacity in a dose-dependent manner. -
Long-term results of laparoscopic surgery and open surgery for colorectal cancer in Huaihe River Basin of China Original Article
LI, Jing; JIA, Jianguang; XIE, Bo; PAN, Chengwu; ZHANG, Chensong; LI, Lei; WANG, Hu; LI, Hongbo; MA, JiachiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, we aimed to compare clinical efficacy of laparoscopic surgery and open surgery for colorectal cancer in the Huaihe River Basin in China. A total of 92 patients with colorectal cancer were selected as subjects. Patients were divided into control group (open surgery, n = 27 cases) and test group (laparoscopic surgery, n = 28 cases). Our results showed that the duration of operation (122.54 ± 14.85) min and length of incision (4.51 ± 1.065) cm were shorter in the experimental group than those in the control group. The intraoperative blood loss of the experimental group was (161.12 ± 10.694) ml, which was less than that of the control group (218.53 ± 15.369) ml (P < 0.05). Patients in the experimental group have higher Five-year survival rate and lower incidence of postoperative complications than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, in the treatment of colorectal cancer, laparoscopic surgery has a better clinical effect than open surgery, which is worthy of clinical application. -
Tianchang Capsule prevents ovariectomy induced osteoporosis in rats Original Article
CHEN, Huizhen; ZHU, Yuxi; SUN, Lisha; ZHANG, Xiaoran; LI, Liuying; HU, Chenling; ZHOU, Man; ZHAO, Xingwang; ZHOU, Shan; SHI, Xiaoyan; YAO, Jia; CHEN, QiuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This article performed a model of osteoporosis rats using the method of ovariectomy and observed efficacy of Tianchang Capsule on treatment of osteoporosis rats. Comparing the effect with positive drug to explore the mechanism of Tianchang Capsule in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Female SD rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (10 in each group): control (sham-treated), OVX (by ovariectomy), OVX+AL (by ovariectomy, received alendronate sodium), OVX+LTC (by ovariectomy, received low dosage Tianchang Capsule), OVX+MTC (by ovariectomy, received middle dosage Tianchang Capsule), OVX+HTC (by ovariectomy, received high dosage Tianchang Capsule). After ovariectomy operation, alendronate or Tian Chang capsule were given for 12 weeks. Bone metabolism was measured by bone mineral density (BMD). With 12-week treatment, BMD reduced in OVX group, in bone formation and resorption parameters increased however, pathological sections indicated destruction of trabecular bone structure in the meanwhile (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In alendronate sodium and Tianchang Capsule treatments groups, comparing with control, both treatments significantly increased BMD level and improved the trabecular bone tissue damage, also inhibit excessive actively bone resorption and bone formation (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Tianchang Capsule were used as good natural drugs for the treatment of ovariectomy induced osteoporosis rats, by increasing bone mineral density, bone formation and bone resorption. -
Application of MDT mode in the diagnosis and treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia Original Article
FENG, Xujun; LI, Ying; XIONG, Gongyou; TONG, Guoqiang; XIONG, Xiaoming; HONG, Tao; LUO, YunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore the effect of Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) mode in the diagnosis and treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia. A total of 65 patients with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia were included. On February 8, 2020, our hospital officially became a designated hospital for the treatment of COVID-19, and the MDT mode was implemented throughout the diagnosis and treatment for newly admitted patients with suspected COVID-19. The patients were divided into control group and observation group according to whether received MDT mode. Our results showed that the diagnosis time in the observation group was significantly shortened than that in the control group (2.51 days vs. 3.47 days) (p < 0.05). The average daily hospitalization costs in the observation group was significantly decreased in comparison with the control group (¥766.1 vs. ¥1190.4) (p < 0.001). The average daily cost of protective materials in the observation group was significantly reduced in comparison with the control group (¥4226.90 vs. ¥5308.20) (p < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the subjective symptoms of patients in the observation group were significantly improved (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the MDT mode shortens the diagnosis time of, reduces the hospitalization costs, and improves the subjective symptoms of COVID-19. -
Comparative studies on the structure, biological activity and molecular mechanisms of polysaccharides from Boletus aereus (BA-T) and Pleurotus cornucopiae (PC-1) Original Article
DING, Xiang; TANG, Xian; HOU, YilingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, two new polysaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Boletus aereus and Pleurotus cornucopiae, respectively. The results of structure identification showed that BA-T was composed of xylose residues, glucose residues and galactose residues, and the ratio is 3:6:6. The BA-T takes 1,6-glucose and 1,6-galactose as skeletons, extends a branched chain from galactose 2-O to connect 1,4-xylose, and connects β-4-glucose terminal monosaccharide to xylose. PC-1 was composed of of xylose, glucose and galactose in the ratio of 2:8:2 and takes 1,6-glucose as skeletons, extends a branched chain from galactose 4-O to connect (1→4,,6)-α-D-Glcp and (1→2,6)-α-D-galactose, and →4)-β-D-Glcp and →1)-α-D-Xylp as terminal group. The results of immunoactivity showed that BA-T and PC-1 have the proliferation activity of B cells, T cells and RAW264.7 cells in vitro, and the effect of BA-T on the proliferation of T cells was the greatest. The results of RNA-sequencing showed that the protein synthesis and metabolism of T cells are more vigorous under the stimulation of BA-T, and oxidative phosphorylation is the main energy source in the process of T cell proliferation. -
Effects of red meat diet on gut microbiota in mice Original Article
LIU, Xiaoyan; TAN, Fang; CUI, Min; LI, Danping; YAO, PingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract We aimed to evaluate the effect of red meat diet on gut microbiota in mice. Balb/c mice at weaning were randomized into control group and red meat groups with different proportions (25%, 50%, and 75%). Mice were fed with a standard pellet diet as control group, while those were fed with different proportions of red meat diet as red meat groups. After 8 weeks, they were sacrificed and their intestinal contents were obtained for 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Our results showed that there were significant-structural differences among the four groups. The top-two most abundant phylum were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. In the red meat groups, the abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased, but the abundance of Firmicutes was decreased. At the family level, Bacteroidaceae and Family XIII were significantly higher in the high-dose group than those in the control group. There were also significant differences in abundance of many genera. In conclusion, different proportions of red meat diet may lead to changes in gut microbial flora in mice. These changes may be pathological and may be related to the frequent occurrence of many diseases. -
SNHG17 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion by suppressing RUNX3 via interacting with EZH2 Original Article
ZHANG, Xinmei; FAN, Guofang; ZHAN, Jianghong; GUAN, ZihuaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Accumulating data has indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in multiple cancers including gastric cancer (GC). However, the functional role of SNHG17 in gastric cancer (GC) development and related biological mechanisms remain unknown. In the study, our results demonstrated that SNHG17 expression was higher in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues in 99 cases of patients with GC. Higher SNHG17 expression positively associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage and predicted a worse prognosis in GC patients. Functionally, we showed that overexpression of SNHG17 promoted cell proliferation, cell colony formation and cell invasion in vitro. However, SNHG17 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion of GC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SNHG17 promoted cell proliferation and invasion by regulating RUNX3 via interacting with EZH2 in GC cells. In addition, overexpression of SNHG17 reversed the cell proliferation and invasion induced by SNHG17 in GC. Thus, these results indicated that SNHG17 could serve as a prognostic biomarker and target of GC treatment. -
Physical education interventions improve the fundamental movement skills in kindergarten: a systematic review and meta-analysis Original Article
LI, Bin; LIU, Jing; YING, BinbinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are the foundation for the development of advanced motor skills. To assess the effect of physical activity intervention on the promotion of FMS and explore the influencing factor of physical activity intervention on the development of FMS in preschool children. Trails with children aged 3-7yeas in kindergarten settings that applied physical activity intervention programs were included. We calculated the effects on overall FMS, locomotor skill and object control skill subscales (LMS and OCS) by weighted standardized mean differences using random-effects models. In this study, 23 trials involving 2258 preschoolers (aged 3.3-6.5years) were selected, including 7 high quality studies, 11 medium quality studies and 5 low quality studies. Analysis of the effects of physical activity intervention revealed significant differences among groups in favor of intervention group, FMS (SMD = 1.50, 95% CL [1.29, 1.71], I2 = 89.7%), locomotor skills (SMD = 1.56, 95% CL [1.38, 1.75], I2 = 59.2%), object control skills (SMD = 1.43, 95% CL [1.25, 1.61], I2 = 93.8%). Physical activity interventions can significantly improve FMS in healthy preschool aged children. However, we should be cautious due to the limited researches, low-quality evidence and immediate post-intervention effects without long-term follow-up. -
Prebiotic effect of porang oligo-glucomannan using fecal batch culture fermentation Original Article
ANGGELA,; HARMAYANI, Eni; SETYANINGSIH, Widiastuti; WICHIENCHOT, SantadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Porang glucomannan is a polysaccharide extracted from Amorphophallus oncophylus and its degradation product is porang oligo-glucomannan (POG). It contains glucomannan, which has been used as an emulsifier, thickener, or as a nutritional supplement to counter many diseases. While it is believed to have health benefits, there are only limited studies exploring this aspect of porang glucomannnan (PGM). It was hydrolyzed using β-mannanase to obtain POG under optimal conditions: reaction temperature of 37 °C, reaction time of 4 h, pH 5.5 and E/S of 1:1,000 (w/w). The study aimed to evaluate the fermented POG, which might also generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and to estimate the prebiotic activity score of POG fermented in vitro. The results show that SCFA profiles of POG fermentation gave a high acetic acid concentration (32.64 mM) and butyric acid (6.68 mM) at 12 h, having butyrogenic effects after a rapid fermentation. Mostly the beneficial bacteria grew faster on POG and KOG (konjac oligo-glucomannan) than on PGM or control at the beginning of incubation. Among the substrates screened, POG showed a highly positive prebiotic index of 10.29, increasing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli but reducing bacteroides population. So, POG is a candidate prebiotic since it has bifidogenic, butyrogenicity, and fermentability. -
Effect of Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides (LBP) on the cognitive function of rats with type 2 diabetic encephalopathy Original Article
ZHAO, Liang; LI, Jun; YU, Leilei; WANG, Huifeng; LI, Zhaoliang; YANG, JieResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of neuronal axonal lesions caused by high glucose, and to investigate the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on neuronal axon damage with in vitro models. A rat model of type II diabetic encephalopathy was established, and the rats were treated with LBP for 10 weeks. Morris water maze experiment was used to detect spatial learning and memory ability. Neuronal axon lesions were measured by in vivo neuron tracing experiment. Immunohistochemistry and Western-blot technology were employed to detect protein localization and expression. Combined with in vitro primary neuron culture, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy was used to detect the effects of high glucose and LBP on neuronal axon transport. PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and an activator of insulin signaling pathway were used to investigate the possible molecular mechanism. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that in the hippocampus tissue of STZ-induced type II diabetic encephalopathy model rats, neuronal axons were damaged, accompanied by hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, which subsequently resulted in axonal transport damage and cognition dysfunction. LBP significantly reduced peripheral blood glucose and serum insulin levels in type II diabetic encephalopathy model rats, thereby alleviating peripheral insulin resistance. At the same time, LBP can significantly improve the learning and memory impairment and brain neuron axon pathology in model rats. LY294002 treatment can effectively block the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The phosphorylation level of Tau protein in the LY294002+ LBP treatment group is higher than that of the LBP intervention group, while the insulin treatment can effectively reverse the blocking effect of LY294002 on LBPs. LBP can reduce the phosphorylation level of Tau protein by up-regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway, with a protective effect on neuronal axon damage, thereby improving the cognitive function performance of type II diabetic encephalopathy model rats. -
Preparation of total saponins from Panax japonicus and their protective effects on learning and memory ability of aging mice Original Article
WANG, Hong; CHEN, Wanghao; LIN, Feixiang; FENG, Jia; CHEN, LukuiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to prepare the total saponins from Panax japonicus (TSPJ), and investigate their protective effects on learning and memory ability of aging mice induced by D-galactose. The TSPJ product with content of 81.03% was obtained. Fifty mice were randomly divided into control, model, and low-, middle- and high-dose TSPJ groups. The D-galactose-induced aging model was established in model, and low-, middle- and high-dose TSPJ groups. Then, the low-, middle- and high-dose TSPJ groups were treated with 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg TSPJ by gavage, respectively, for 8 weeks. At the end of treatment, compared with model group, in 40 and 80 mg/kg TSPJ groups the brain aging symptoms were obviously moderated, the step-down latency was increased, the frequency of mistake was decreased, the brain index was increased, the brain tissue SOD and GSH-Px levels were increased, the brain tissue MDA level was decreased, and the brain tissue Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities were increased. In conclusion, TSPJ can reduce the brain tissue oxidative stress injury and protect the cell membrane transport capacity, thus improving the learning and memory ability in aging mice. -
Pulmonary edema after shoulder arthroscopy in an old female under general anesthesia Original Article
LIN, Fei; WAN, Qihai; ZHANG, Gang; SU, Li; LUO, Chunqiong; SHUI, Yunhua; ZENG, Si; ZHANG, LanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract A number of complications have been ascribed to shoulder arthroscopy, but pulmonary edema is rarely reported. A 64-year-old female underwent right shoulder arthroscopic repair for supraspinatus and subscapular tears under intermuscular sulcus brachial plexus block (ISBPB) and general anesthesia. Finishing suture of torn tendon, and acromion and distal clavicle plasty, the patient represented the symptoms of dyspnea, and oxygen saturation quickly dropped to 80% without oxygen supply. After inhaled oxygen, the oxygen saturation quickly returned to 95%, while dyspnea didn’t improve. Noticing swelling in neck and chest, left movement of the trachea, low breath sounds and wet rales during auscultation, ultrasound examination was performed and found the obvious pleural slip, and a large number of b-lines in the lung, indicating pulmonary edema. After injection of furosemide and dexamethasone (i.v.), the outcome of patient was satisfactory. This is the first report of pulmonary edema as a complication of shoulder arthroscopy, which also reviews the relevant factors of fluid extravasation, and highlights the good use of the equipment at hand to quickly judge the patient's condition. -
Parthenolide regulates DNMT1-mediated methylation of VDR promoter to relieve podocyte damage in mice with diabetic nephropathy Original Article
YANG, Xinbo; ZHANG, Yulei; YANG, Ni; YU, Xiao; GAO, Xin; ZHAO, MeiyunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Current evidence showed that parthenolide (PN) has strong anti-inflammatory activity, but its effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still unclear. In this research, high glucose (HG)-induced MPC5 cells were incubated with 5, 10 or 20 μM PN, and we found that PN incubation improved HG-induced MPC5 cells viability and apoptosis, ROS level, LDH activity and the secretion of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β), and inhibited the expression of DNMT1 protein, and promoted the expression of VDR, p-AKT, nephrin and podocin proteins. Lentivirus-mediated VDR overexpression vector (LV-VDR) transfection had the same effect, and LV-DNMT1 or si-VDR transfection or 100 nM AKT inhibitor MK2206 incubation reversed the effect of PN on cell functions. Research on the mechanism found that PN reduced the level of VDR methylation by reducing the enrichment of DNTM1 in the VDR promoter region under high glucose condition. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally to construct a DN mouse model, and 5mg/kg PN was administered intraperitoneally every other day. The results showed that PN treatment improved glomerular hypertrophy and renal fibrosis in STZ-induced mice. In general, PN regulated DNTM1-mediated VDR methylation, activated AKT, and alleviated DN. -
Investigation on psychosomatic status of entry quarantine personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic Original Article
SHEN, Shi-Hua; HU, Yun-Kai; RAN, Xian-Gui; ZHU, Zhen-Hua; LIU, Hong-Bo; WANG, Jia-Liang; HONG, Qian; WU, Rong-TaoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the anxiety, depression, fatigue and insomnia of the entry quarantine personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the influencing factors of psychological status were also explored. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Fatigue severity scale (FSS) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) of 630 entry quarantine personnel were performed and the correlation analysis of the four types of scales was performed. The incidence rates of anxiety, depression, fatigue and insomnia were 4.76%, 20.00%, 48.57% and 22.86%, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the four indicators. Univariate analysis showed that age, education level, occupation, continent and reasons for going abroad were the main influencing factors of psychosomatic status. The lower the age group, the higher the education level, and the healthier the psychosomatic health of the entry quarantine personnel. The psychological status of international students was healthier than that of the staff. The psychological condition of the quarantined people in Asia was healthier than that in other continents. 630 entry quarantine personnel had different degrees of anxiety, depression, fatigue and insomnia, there was a positive correlation between them. Age, education level, occupation, continent and reasons for going abroad were the main influencing factors of psychological status. -
Application of narrow band imaging in early screening of colorectal cancer Original Article
LIU, Qianyi; RUAN, Weishan; LIU, Zhishang; LI, Jiefeng; LI, JiayanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore the clinical application value of narrow band imaging (NBI) in the early screening of colorectal cancer. 200 patients were selected as the research objects, and were divided into test group and control group by the randomization method, within 100 cases in each group. The patients in the test group were examined by NBI, while the patients in the control group were examined by ordinary endoscopy, and then the lesion detection rate, image definition and pathological examination results of the two groups were compared. After the patients in the test group received NBI examination, the lesion detection rate, image definition and lesion detection coincidence rate were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the comparative difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). NBI examination of colorectal mucosa can clearly show the pit pattern and the morphological structure of capillaries of the early colorectal cancer and its precancerous lesions, thus effectively improving the diagnosis rate of early colorectal cancer and its precancerous lesions, playing a good clinical application value in the early screening of colorectal cancer, and guiding the later treatment, so it is suitable for clinical promotion. -
The effect of Guizhi decoction on inflammatory response induced by myocardial ischemia Original Article
Zhang, Suhua; Han, Li; Wang, Yingying; Liu, Guijing; Shi, HaifaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract We aim to explore the influence of Guizhi decoction(GD) on inflammatory response in myocardial ischemia models. 45 New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups randomly: sham control group, myocardial ischemia group and myocardial ischemia + Guizhi decoction treatment group. The rabbits were treated with Guizhi decoction or saline for 20 days. After that, the myocardial ischemia model was created by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Color Doppler Echocardiography computed the ejection fraction (EF). Serum content of MyD88 and TNF-α and concentration of cardiac markers (CK-MB, CK, LDH and cTnT) was measured. After ligation, ST segment was elevated. However, 15 rabbits died due to operation and postoperative care, and were excluded from this study. The final sample size was sham control group (n=10), myocardial ischemia group (n=10) and Guizhi decoction group (n=10) Compared with the sham control group, the ejection fraction was decreased and the expression of the TLR4, MyD88, TNF-α,CK-MB, CK, LDH and cTnT in myocardial ischemia group was increased (p<0.05). After treatment with Guizhi decoction, EF was improved and related inflammatory response factors were decreased (p <0.05). Pretreatment with Guizhi decoction attenuated the level of proinflammatory markers and improved heart function in animal model for myocardial ischemia. -
Methane-rich saline restores brain SOD activity and alleviates cognitive impairment in rats with traumatic brain injury Original Article
WANG, Fei-Di; LI, Jie; ZHAI, Xu; CHEN, Rui; WANG, FangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Clinically, methane is an anti-inflammatory gas used to treat organ damage. There is no extensive research on methane's repair of traumatic brain injury (TBI), so this study aims to investigate the role of methane and its potential mechanism. A rat TBI model was established by mechanical impact. SD rats were divided into four groups, including sham group, TBI group, 2 or 20 mL/kg methane-rich saline (MS) group. Morris water maze test revealed that MS improved cognitive function in TBI rats. HE and Nissl staining showed that MS reduced the blurring of brain tissues boundary, the number of necrotic plaques and neurons in TBI rats. In addition, ELISA revealed that MS restored the oxidative stress of TBI rats and reversed the inflammatory effect of TBI on brain cells, and TUNEL staining detected that MS inhibited cell apoptosis. Western blotting showed that MS downregulated Caspase-3 and Bax protein levels and upregulated Bcl-2 level. And MS inhibited phosphorylated expressions of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), signal transducer and activator of the transcription (STAT1) and NF-κb-p65. In conclusion, MS improved cognitive function, reduced inflammatory response and oxidative stress and inhibited cell apoptosis to relieve rat TBI by blocking the activation of the JAK1/STAT1/NF-κb-p65 pathway. -
Upregulation of serum exosomal miR-21 was associated with poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia patients Original Article
LI, Xingang; ZHANG, Xia; MA, Hongxia; LIU, Yang; CHENG, Shijia; WANG, Huili; SUN, JingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Accumulating reports have showed that altered expression of blood-circulating (miRNAs) can serve as diagnostic biomarkers of cancer, but descriptions of serum exosomal miRNAs in AML are still lacking. The present study was designed to measure serum exosomal miR-21 levels in AML patients and explore its correlation with clinical variables and prognosis. In this study, blood samples were collected from 135 AML patients and 60 controls. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect serum exosomal miR-21 expression levels. The data showed that serum exosomal miR-21 levels were significantly higher in AML patients than those in healthy controls. In addition, serum exosomal miR-21 levels were significantly decreased at one month and three months after their treatment. Further receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that serum exosomal miR-21 level could identify AML patients from normal controls with relative high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, serum exosomal miR-21 upregulation was closely associated with worse clinical features and shorter survival. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, serum exosomal miR-21 expression showed a significance correlation with survival. In conclusion, serum exosomal miR-21 could be used to predict the diagnosis and prognosis of AML patients. -
Application effect of centralized management combined with Information system application management in recycling, cleaning, disinfection and packaging of radiology instruments and reusable medical devices Original Article
LIU, Xue; WANG, Yun; PAN, WeiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To conduct centralized management combined with Information system application management in radiology instruments and reusable medical devices, and explore the promotion value of cleaning quality and work efficiency. The recycling time, cleaning quality, packaging quality and distribution errors of the devices with which centralized management combined with Information system application management (June 2019) was implemented half a year before and after in the radiology department of our hospital were collected and compared. With implementation of centralized management combined with Information system application management, the average recycling time (25.33 ± 5.64) of devices was remarkably shorter than that before implementation (42.37 ± 6.77) (P < 0.05). The yield of cleaning (94.57%) and packaging (98.91%) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (86.05%) and (87.21%) (P < 0.05). The probability of distribution error (8.70%) and recycling error (5.43%) of devices in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (19.77% and 18.60%) (P < 0.05). Centralized management combined with Information system application management effectively improves the cleaning quality and work efficiency of radiology instruments and reusable instruments, indicating long-term application value. -
Effects of tea polyphenols and EGCG on glucose metabolism and intestinal flora in diabetic mice fed a cornstarch-based functional diet Original Article
LIU, Jun; LV, Yang-Jun; PAN, Jun-Xian; JIANG, Yu-Lan; ZHU, Yue-Jin; ZHANG, Shi-KangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Diabetes is a worldwide metabolic diseases that requires adjustments in the blood glucose. Cornstarch is one kind of resistant starch, which helps to control postprandial glucose, and is a desired alternatives of carbohydrates for developing functional food. Herein, a cornstarch-based functional diet (CFD) was developed, and in this study we investigated the effects of CFD supplemented with tea polyphenols and EGCG on blood glucose and intestinal flora in diabetic mice. The results showed that diabetic mice had significant weight loss and serious hyperglycemia. The CFD or CFD supplemented with tea polyphenols and EGCG resulted in a trend toward reduced fasting blood glucose. Furthermore, diabetes had significant intestinal flora disturbance, with particularly increased levels of Bacteroidaceae, Helicobacteraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Rikenellaceae and Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis, and decreased Prevotellaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae. Interesting, CFD supplemented with EGCG significantly increased levels of Prevotellaceae and Coriobacteriaceae, and decreased Lachnospiraceae, Helicobacteraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis compared to controls. CFD supplemented with tea polyphenols significantly increased the Coriobacteriaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae. The comprehensive analysis indicated that tea polyphenols and EGCG supplementation improved glucose metabolism, and reversed the sick changes of intestinal flora, suggesting they are two valuable additions to promote nutritional value of CFD. -
Effects of different soaking time and heating methods on the tenderness of mutton Original Article
ZHANG, Lei; KONG, Lingming; XV, Danya; JIAO, YunqiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In the process of heating the mutton, the length of the soaking time will affect the meat tenderness, and the proper change of the soaking time can improve the meat tenderness. The sample was treated by water bath and microwave heating method, and the cooking loss rate, collagen solubility, shear force and the like were used as indicators for measuring tenderness. The effect of different soaking time on the tenderness of mutton was studied under water bath and microwave heating. The prolonged incubation time, the total soluble protein, collagen solubility and cooking loss of the meat treated by water bath were significantly increased (P < 0.01); while the myofibrillar protein and shear force values showed a downward trend. The difference in soaking time has an effect on the meat tenderness. Extending the soaking time, the color of the 20 µ strip gradually deepened, and the 32 µ and 75 µ strips showed different degrees of weakening. This indicates that the protein is degraded and the myofiber structure of the meat is destroyed. This provides a theoretical basis for the production and processing of enterprises and the table culture of the people. -
Study on food preservation materials based on nano-particle reagents Original Article
HUTAPEA, Sumihar; GHAZI AL-SHAWI, Sarmad; CHEN, Tzu-Chia; YOU, Xiang; Bokov, Dmitry; ABDELBASSET, Walid Kamal; SUKSATAN, WanichResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The food industry (FI) is one of the most important parts of any country's industry when it comes to food safety and security. A new approach that can be considered is the use of new technologies in this area. Given the rise in population and per capita food consumption, this sector of the industry should pursue sustainable development through the use of nanotechnologies and increased productivity. In the FI, a number of nanostructured materials (NSMs) have been used, ranging from inorganic metals, metal oxides, and their nanocomposites to nano-organic materials comprising bioactive agents. Given the various advantages of nanotechnology, there are increasing questions concerning its application, as the aggregation of nanoscale materials (NSMs) in human bodies and the atmosphere may pose a variety of health and safety risks. As a result, when producing, handling, intelligently and actively packaging, and using nano-processed food items, safety, and health risks, as well as regulatory policies, must be taken into account. The aim of this analysis is to provide a basic understanding of nanotechnology applications in the food packaging (FP) and processing industries, as well as to recognize possible opportunities and potential risks associated with the usage of NSMs. -
Effect of mori folium and eucommiae cortex oral solution on immune function of chicken infected with IBDV Original Article
YANG, Haifeng; CUI, Yi; CHEN, Xiaolan; HUANG, Jie; JIANG, Chunmao; LI, JinguiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Sangdu oral liquid (MFEC), a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, is used as a new immune enhancer for veterinary drugs or vaccines. In current study, we aimed to evaluate the effect and mechanism of MFEC on improving the immune response of B87 vaccine. Eighty SPF chickens were divided into blank control group (BC group), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) group (IBDV group), vaccine group (B87+IBDV group) and vaccine and Sangdu oral liquid combination group (MFEC+B87+IBDV group). In addition to the BC group, all other groups were infected with IBDV to establish immunosuppressive model. Chickens in both B87+IBDV and MFEC+B87+IBDV groups were immunized with B87 vaccine. Chickens in MFEC+B87+IBDV group were given MFEC for 7 days. Compared with B87+IBDV group, there were significantly lower morbidity and mortality, higher level of antibody, less tissue damage, lower expression of Bax and higher expression of Bcl-2 of MFEC+B87+IBDV group (P < 0.05). In MFEC+B87+IBDV group, the expression of IBDV-VP2, IL-6 and IFN-γ mRNA in bursal tissue was significantly lower than that in B87+IBDV group (P < 0.05). MFEC can effectively improve the immune response to B87 vaccine, and resist the invasion and replication of IBDV to avoid the tissue damage and apoptosis caused by IBDV infection. -
SUFU reduced pancreatic cancer cell growth by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway Original Article
LIU, Limin; HU, DuanminResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the function and mechanism of SUFU in treatment of pancreatic cancer. Patient with pancreatic cancer (n = 50) and normal volunteers (n = 30) were obtained from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between May 2014 and April 2013. SUFU mRNA and protein expressions in patients with pancreatic cancer were reduced as compared to normal saline. OS and DFS of high expression of SUFU in pancreatic cancer were higher than those of low expression of SUFU in pancreatic cancer. The inhibition of SUFU promoted pancreatic cancer cell growth and migration; SUFU reduced pancreatic cancer cell growth and migration. SUFU suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cell lines. SUFU reduced pancreatic cancer cell growth by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, providing a novel possibility for an understanding of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. -
Study on the influence of different magnetic and electric field-assisted storage methods on non-thermal effects of food Original Article
ABDILOVA, Galiya; TEREKHOVA, Anna; SHADRIN, Maxim; BURAKOVSKAYA, Nina; FEDOSEEVA, Natalya; ARTAMONOVA, Marina; ERMIENKO, Alena; SMIRNOVA, Maria; GRIGORYANTS, Igor; STRIGULINA, EkaterinaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Food processing (FP) industries are dominated by thermal inputs for food preservation. Such treatments can, however, contribute to some undesirable changes in the quality attributes and nutritional value of food. Non-thermal storage processes, on the other hand, have a negligible effect on the sensory consistency and nutritional status of food. Food preservation has used food with non-thermal methods with the aim of preserving the nutritious properties and physic-chemical features of foods. In this respect, the pulsed electrical field offers an alternate option for different food items, in particular liquid food products, in order to improve the protection and maintenance of new, consistent aspects of food. Similarly, this study emphasizes the promise of pulsed electric field technology as a useful method for preserving a variety of foods, with a focus on microbial inactivation. The key goal of this research is to find out how widely nonthermal FP equipment is used. Innovative technology can be able to help strike the right balance between protection and minimum processing, as well as sufficient economic constraints and superior efficiency. -
Determination of 31 pesticide residues in wolfberry by LC-MS/MS and dietary risk assessment of wolfberry consumption Original Article
XING, Lijie; WANG, Yuan; LUO, Ruifeng; LI, Xianyi; ZOU, LiangjunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract A modified QuEChERS method coupled with LC-MS/MS was developed and validated to detect 31 pesticides in wolfberry. The conditions for extraction solvent and QuEChERS purification were optimized. The validated method was applied to analyse pesticides in 200 wolfberry samples. The risk from chronic and acute dietary intake of the detected pesticide residues was assessed by the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and acute reference dose (ARfD), respectively, and the cumulative intake risk posed by the detected residues was assessed by the hazard index (HI). The results showed that 23 pesticides were detected in all wolfberry samples. The risk from chronic dietary intake was between 0.0001% and 1.6067%, and the risk from acute dietary intake was between 0.0010% and 0.4999%, which were all far below 100%. The HI was 0.02569 for chronic dietary intake and 0.015164 for acute dietary intake, which were both far below 1. The results indicated that the pesticide residues in wolfberry would not cause potential risk to human health. This work not only enhances our understanding of the potential exposure risks of pesticide residues in wolfberry, but also provides an effective method for the risk assessment of pesticide residues in other agricultural products. -
Platycodin D protects pancreatic β-cells from STZ-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis Original Article
QIAO, Yuan; ZHANG, Lingling; HOU, Chunyang; LI, FangzhiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a group of physiological dysfunctions associated with hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. Platycodin D (PLD) is a major saponin isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum that has been reported to possess many pharmacological effects including anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-diabetic. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of PLD on oxidative stress and apoptosis in INS-1 cells exposed to streptozotocin (STZ). Our results showed that PLD improved STZ-caused reduction in cell viability of INS-1 cells. PLD prevented STZ-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells with decreased bax expression and caspse-3 activity, as well as increased bax expression. PLD decreased ROS production and increased SOD activity in STZ-induced INS-1 cells. Treatment with PLD also improved the insulin secretion capacity and the expression of insulin1/2 in STZ-induced INS-1 cells. Furthermore, PLD suppressed the STZ-induced activation of p38 pathway, while enhanced the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in INS-1 cells. Treatment with p38 agonist (p79350) or knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the protective effects of PLD on INS-1 cells. Taken together, PLD protects INS-1 cells from STZ-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. The protective effect of PLD might be ascribed to the regulation of p38 and Nrf2 pathways. -
Baicalein regulates NEDD4L-mediated TLR2 ubiquitination to relieve Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced pneumonia in mice Original Article
SHI, Min; YIN, Pengyi; GUO, Xiaobo; LI, Qian; SUN, Lin; CAO, XiaohuaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Baicalein has strong anti-inflammatory activity, but its efficacy and mechanism in pneumonia of mice is still unclear. Herein, RAW264.7 cells were infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv (MOI 1:10) after pre-incubation with 50 μM baicalein, and the result found that baicalein incubation ameliorated the increase of bacterial load, and reduced the levels of ROS, IL-12p40, TLR2 protein, phosphorylated JNK protein and M1 polarization markers (iNOS and CD11c), and increased the levels of IL-10, M2 polarization markers (Arg1, Mrc1 and CD206) and NEDD4L protein in H37Rv infected-RAW264.7 cells. And lentivirus-mediated NEDD4L overexpression vector (LV-NEDD4L) transfection had the same effect as baicalein, while small interfering RNA target NEDD4L (si-NEDD4L) transfection or JNK pathway inhibitor IQ 3 treatment reversed the effects of baicalein, and ubiquitin inhibitor MG132 treatment reversed the effects of LV-NEDD4L. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and TLR2 ubiquitination assays found that the binding of NEDD4L and TLR2 promoted the ubiquitination of TLR2. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were nasal infected with H37Rv (1000 ± 150 CFU/mouse) to establish a mouse pneumonia model, and then administered with baicalein. The result found that baicalein improved H37Rv-induced pneumonia in mice. In conclusion, baicalein increased NEDD4L-mediated ubiquitination of TLR2, promoting macrophage M2 polarization and alleviating H37Rv-induced pneumonia. -
Cured dry smoked shoulder meat quality from culled adult goats fed a high lipid diet Original Article
OLIVEIRA, Felipe Brener Bezerra de; FERNANDES, César Carneiro Linhares; MONTENEGRO, Assis Rubens; OLIVEIRA, Iolly Tabata Marques; SILVA, Caroline Pessoa; LIMA, Francisco Wellington Rodrigues; CARNEIRO, Hilton Alexandre Vidal; BESERRA, Frederico José; RÊGO, Aníbal Coutinho do; RONDINA, DavideResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The effect of high dietary lipid on the meat quality parameters of shoulder meat adult goats in raw meat and during curing and smoking was evaluated by classical and multivariate approaches. The animals were divided into two groups of different finishing strategies: without whole full-fat linseed (WFFLG, n = 9) and whole full-fat linseed (FFLG, n = 9), with diets containing an ether extract content of 2.7% and 6.9%, respectively. The physicochemical attributes did not vary according to the experimental diets in raw meat. The colorimetric parameters and pH varied during curing and smoking. Through multivariate analysis the first two principal components (PC), it was possible to identified variables were highly importance the total variation (L*, a*, b*, C*, h*, and fat content) in raw meat and smoking. The fat content and color b* presented the highest scores for importance of the variable in the projection. Lipid supplementation of adult goats did not influence the quality parameters physicochemical of the raw shoulder meat. However, after curing and smoking there was a significant effect of diet on Hue angle (h*). -
Treatment of protrusion of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (LID) with percutaneous laser disc decompression - a follow-up study of 108 patients Original Article
ZHAO, Jirong; SHI, Min; WANG, Xingsheng; ZHAO, Ning; DENG, Qiang; CHEN, Qiqing; ZHANG, Yanjun; CHEN, Wen; ZHU, HuanpingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To study the long-term clinical efficacy of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc with percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD). A statistics was conducted on 108 patients who had been treated with percutaneous laser disc decompression, the intervertebral height of related lesion spaces of patients in different time points after treatment and the intervertebral height ratio was calculated respectively; moreover, a statistics was conducted on VAS evaluation of patients in different time points, and the long-term efficacy after treatment with percutaneous laser disc decompression was evaluated with statistical method. The patients with follow-up period after operation respectively up to 5, 8 and 10 years and those in 3 years after operation were analyzed statistically in intervertebral height ratio and VAS scoring, and the difference was without significant statistical significance. Single-factor was analyzed to the factors likely to influence the effect of operation to get the authenticity of influence of age, disease duration and disease stage on the postoperative efficacy. Percutaneous laser disc decompression was featured by safety, efficacy and fewer complications in treatment of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc, and also it had no obvious influence on the spinal stability, and long-term postoperative efficacy was stable. -
Community diversity and succession in fermented grains during the stacking fermentation of Chinese moutai-flavored liquor making Original Article
ZHAO, Liang; MO, Xinliang; ZHANG, Chunlin; YANG, Liang; WANG, XinyeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract As an indispensable and crucial part of the Moutai-flavored liquor production process, stacking fermentation facilitates the accumulation of various microbiota as microbial materials in fermented grains used for liquor making. The diversity of and dynamic changes in highly complex microbiota during this fermentation phase were investigated by characterizing microbial communities through high-throughput sequencing with an Illumina PE300 platform. Through community composition and differentially abundant analyses, 12 key bacteria and 12 key fungi were identified, which contributed to major variations in community succession. Bacillus and Saccharomyces were overrepresented in the bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. In addition, differentially abundant analyses showed that the key microbiota were mainly structured from the early period to the middle period of fermentation and functional populations showed a large accumulation in later periods. Further, endogenous factors showed changing trends, and their potential correlations and varied interactions with the key microbiota were explored through PLS-DA modeling. All the findings in the current study enhances knowledge of complex key microbiota in stacking fermentation and provides theoretical support for optimizing microbial structures through the regulation of endogenous factors and improving fermentative quality. -
Developed validation for simultaneous determination of three Di-caffeoylquinic acid derivatives from the Leaf of Eribotrya japonica Lindl. by HPLC-DAD Original Article
SEON, Ho-Young; KIM, Hyun-Hee; YIM, Soon-HoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to developed HPLC simultaneous analysis method for the determination of Caffeoylquinic acid isolated from the leaf of Eribotrya japonica Lindl. extract. The phenolic compounds in E. japonica leaves were isolated and identified by HPLC, NMR, Mass etc. The quantitative analysis was carried out HPLC-DAD using C18 column with gradient elution of water and acetonitrile at 280 nM for 60 min. The method was successfully validated by specificity, LOD (linearity, limit of detection), LOQ (limit of quantification), precision and recovery. The three phenolic compounds were isolated from E. japonica leaves including 5-Caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), 4-Caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA) and 3-Caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA). In a quantitative analysis of three phenolic compounds were 3-CQA 7.82-14.48 µg/mL, 4-CQA 3.75-12.58 µg/mL and 5-CQA 3.60-7.82 µg/mL using the standard chemicals, respectively. The developed HPLC validation method would be applicable for simultaneous quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in E. japonica leaves extracts. -
[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Use of encapsulated commercial enzyme in the hydrolysis optimization of cagaita pulp (Eugenia dysenterica DC) Original Article
CARDOSO, Flávio de Souza Neves; CARVALHO, Lucia Maria Jaeger de; ORTIZ, Gisela Maria Dellamora; KOBLITZ, Maria Gabriela BelloResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC) is a Brazilian cerrado fruit with great economic potential. It can be consumed in natura or as processed products like juices and pulps. The search for products with lower nutritional and sensorial changes led to the development of non-thermal techniques, where membrane processes stand out. The use of immobilized pectinolytic enzymes to reduce juices and pulps turbidity and viscosity has several advantages over the free enzymes use, such as the enzyme reduction costs and their reuse. The objective was the cagaita pulp hydrolysis optimization step using encapsulated commercial pectinase, the evaluation of its reuse in several cycles and its application in the microfiltration process. The activity of free commercial enzymes and encapsulated in calcium alginate in the pulp was evaluated, mainly the viscosity and turbidity reduction. The optimum conditions for hydrolysis with encapsulated enzymes were: temperature (30 °C), without stirring and enzymatic concentration (570 μL/L), considering the clarity increment and viscosity reduction. After 8 cycles, the encapsulated enzymes maintained 30% of its activity in reducing viscosity, resulting in the reuse possibility. The mean flow rate during the microfiltration (MF) of the hydrolyzed cagaita pulp with encapsulated enzymes was 13.4% higher than the non hydrolyzed pulp, indicating that enzymatic treatment was also efficient in process time reduction. Enzymes encapsulated can be applied by the juices and fruit pulps industries as a pre-process step for MF increasing the permeate flows, reducing operational and input costs. -
Mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium azacytidine, panobinostat and GSK126 alleviate TGF-β-induced EMT in lung cancer Original Article
SHEN, Huihui; ZHANG, Dongying; LIU, HuaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) conditioned medium, azacytidine, panobinostat, and GSK126 on TGF-β-induced EMT in lung cancer. MSC were cultured in DMEM medium to make MSC conditioned medium. Our results showed that MSC conditioned medium, azacytidine, panobinostat and GSK126 reduced cell viability, invasion, expressions of N-cad, vimentin and α-SMA and increased E-cad expression in cells treated with TGF-β. MSC conditioned medium alleviated TGF-β-induced increases in cell viability and decrease in E-cad expression. In conclusion, MSC conditioned medium, azacytidine, panobinostat, and GSK126 could alleviate TGF-β-induced EMT in lung cancer. -
Bacterial growth in chicken breast fillet submitted to temperature abuse conditions Original Article
CASANOVA, Caroline Fátima; SOUZA, Marina Andreia de; FISHER, Bruno; COLET, Rosicler; MARCHESI, Cristiane Michele; ZENI, Jamile; CANSIAN, Rogério Luis; BACKES, Geciane Toniazzo; STEFFENS, ClariceResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Given possible temperature variations in the cold chain during retail display of chilled food, this work evaluated the growth of Salmonella choleraesuis and Staphylococcus aureus inoculated in chicken breast fillet submitted to different temperature abuses. The bacterial growth was evaluated in Luria–Bertani broth and previously inoculated chicken breast fillet cooled for 12h and incubated at different temperatures (5, 20, and 25 °C) for 12 h and 5 ºC for 12 days. The maximum growth rate and maximum growth were determined. The microorganisms grew at all studied temperatures, with a significantly lower growth at 5 °C compared with 20 and 25 °C. S. choleraesuis showed higher growth than S. aureus in both culture medium and chicken breast, and major maximum growth in culture medium than chicken breast, at all studied temperatures. Salmonella sp. and S. aureus were not detected in the control treatment maintained at 5 °C, and the thermotolerant bacteria remained within the standards allowed by Brazilian legislation when stored for 12 days. However, temperature abuse resulted in the vulnerability and spoilage of chicken breast fillet quality. The effects of temperature abuse caused by negligence on the microbial growth (Ymax) and growth rate (µmax) in chicken breast fillet, under industrial conditions was demonstrated. -
Differential proteomic analysis to identify proteins associated with Tenderness of Yak meat from different parts based on TMT Proteomic Original Article
YAN, Zhongxin; LU, Zhoumin; LI, Wei; HU, Rong; MA, QingmeiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In order to study the tenderness mechanism of difference in different parts of Yak meat, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and its correlation with quality of Yak meat were studied by TMT (Tandem Mass Tags, TMT) quantitative proteomic method. The results showed that 25, 40 and 34 DEPs were identified in JR/HGT, WJR/HGT and WJR/JR groups, respectively. Correlation analysis between DEPs and quality traits of yak meat showed that there were 12 DEPs with significant correlation were correlated closely with quality traits.The relative contents of the 11 DEPs were significantly different in different parts (p < 0.05).There are 8, 9 and 6 key DEPs in JR/HGT, WJR/HGT and WJR/JR groups, respectively.The expression of these DEPs were down-regulated and up-regulated in different parts, and was closely related to the cell growth and death, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein binding, motility activity and unfolded protein binding.The significant difference of the expression of these key proteins in different parts is the internal reason of the difference of quality traits among WJR, JR and HGT.This provide a reference for the study on the mechanism of difference in Yak meat. -
Simultaneous extraction of carotenoids and phenolic compounds from pulps of orange and yellow peach palm fruits (Bactris gasipaes) by ultrasound-assisted extraction Original Article
MONTEIRO, Sara Fonseca; COSTA, Evellyn Laís Neves; FERREIRA, Ramon Sousa Barros; CHISTÉ, Renan CamposResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Peach palm fruits (Bactris gasipaes) are native to the Amazonia and exhibit high levels of bioactive compounds, especially carotenoids and phenolic compounds. In our study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique with different solvents [ethanol, ethyl acetate and ethanol/water (1:1, v/v)] was investigated to determine the best conditions for the simultaneous extraction of carotenoids and phenolic compounds from pulps of orange and yellow peach palm fruits to produce extracts with high bioactive compound contents. During the UAE experiments, the number of extraction and solid-liquid ratio were the variables that most affected bioactive compounds extraction (p < 0.05) and ethanol allowed the extraction of the highest carotenoid contents, while ethanol/water was the most efficient solvent to extract phenolic compounds. Through response surface methodology, ethanol/water resulted in optimal conditions at 10 extractions of 2 min each at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:12 (w/v) to extract phenolic compounds. Notwithstanding, the simultaneous extraction of carotenoids and phenolic compounds with ethanol and ethyl acetate was observed to be achieved at the same UAE conditions for both fruit varieties. Regardless the solvent, the UAE proved to be an efficient technique to carry out simultaneous extraction of high contents of carotenoids and phenolic compounds from pulps of peach palm fruits. -
Local honey goat milk yoghurt production. Process and quality control Original Article
FEKNOUS, Nesrine; OUCHENE, Lina Lamis; BOUMENDJEL, Mahieddine; MEKHANCHA, Djamel-Eddine; BOUDIDA, Yasmine; CHETTOUM, Ahmed; BOUMENDJEL, Amel; MESSARAH, MahfoudResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of the present work is to set up a production process of goat milk-based yoghurt. Six (06) kinds of yoghurt have been prepared: a mixed unflavored yoghurt with 50% cow & goat milk, a mixed flavored yoghurt with 50% cow & goat milk, an unflavored 100% goat-milk-based yoghurt, a flavored 100% goat-milk-based yoghurt, two types of 100% goat milk-based yoghurts supplemented with natural honey. Results of bacteriological analyses of finished products showed the total absence of pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella as well as the indicator hygiene bacteria like the fecal and total coliforms. Sensory analyses revealed that 100% goat-milk-based yoghurts are always better appreciated in the other categories (flavored or unflavored) compared to 50% mixed yoghurts. Sensory analyses reported that yoghurts made with honey (HGM1 and HGM2) were richer in carbohydrates (10.5g) and in energy (89.1 kilocalories) against natural yoghurts and flavored yoghurts, which recorded a carbohydrate content of 5.3g and 68.3 kilocalories. The protein contents were assessed at 3.9g. Levels of lipids were at 3.5g together with amounts in minerals such like: calcium, phosphorous, potassium and sodium which reached respectively 168 mg, 114 mg, 203 mg and 58 mg. -
Multivariate analysis in mathematical model selection to describe Croton urucurana Baill drying kinetics Original Article
LOPES ALVES, Jáliston Júlio; RESENDE, Osvaldo; RIBEIRO NETO, Francisco de Araújo; RIBEIRO AGUIAR, Ana Carolina; FERREIRA VIEIRA BESSA, Jaqueline; QUEQUETO, Wellytton DarciResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The Croton urucurana Baill species is known in Brazil as “sangra d’água” and is popular due to its medicinal properties. For better processing of herbal medicines, it is essential that efficient drying and storage techniques are developed and that compounds are preserved. Therefore, this study aimed to select models through multivariate cluster analysis applying Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC) to describe Croton urucurana leaves drying kinetics at different temperatures (40-70 °C). The initial moisture content in Croton urucurana leaves was 1.791, 1.841, 2.196 and 2.144 kg water kg dry matter-1, and 8.25, 7.75, 4.25 and 2 hours were required to reach hygroscopic equilibrium, with a final moisture content of 0.134, 0.105, 0.065 and 0.0601 kg water kg dry matter-1, at 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C, respectively. The models with the greatest similarity to the experimental data were Diffusion Approximation; Cavalcanti Mata; Two-term; Two-term Exponential; Modified Henderson & Pabis; Logarithmic; Midilli; Page and Verma. The multivariate cluster technique associated with AIC and BIC criteria during model selection is a great applicability tool to help decision-making when evaluating the drying plant leaves. The Cavalcanti Mata mathematical model was selected to represent the drying kinetics. -
Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) oil emulsions stabilized with thermally treated soy protein isolate for vitamin D3 encapsulation Original Article
FERREIRA, Letícia DOS SANTOS; BRITO-OLIVEIRA, Thais CARVALHO; PINHO, Samantha Cristina DEResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The main goal of this study was to investigate the possibility of encapsulating vitamin D3 (VD3) in Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) oil emulsions stabilized with thermally treated soy protein isolate (SPI). SPI dispersions were analyzed using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, surface hydrophobicity and circular dichroism for a better comprehension of the ingredient’s properties. The emulsions produced with SPI dispersions treated at temperatures between 60 and 70 °C showed higher average droplet diameters (10-40 μM) than those treated at 75 and 80 °C. Despite these different droplet diameters, all formulations showed phase separations, requiring the incorporation of xanthan gum (XG) as thickener. Different XG concentrations were, then, tested (0.1 to 0.3% w/v). The formulation with 0.2% (w/v) XG and SPI treated at 75 °C for 15 min showed the highest stability, and, therefore, was used to produce emulsions encapsulating VD3 at two concentrations (120 and 200 μg/mL). After 21 days of storage, the emulsion stabilized with 1.0% (w/v) SPI and 200 µg VD3/mL preserved 97% of the vitamin. Therefore, the results revealed it is possible to obtain an efficient formulation for the encapsulation of VD3 using Brazil nut oil as an oily phase and thermally treated SPI as an emulsifier. -
Profile and role of immune function changes of T lymphocytes in patients with acute pancreatitis Original Article
WANG, Qi; LIU, Shaofeng; HAN, ZhenResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In recent decades, with the development of the pathogenesis of Acute severe pancreatitis (SAP) and the improvement of clinical treatment techniques, the mortality rate of SAP is still over 10% . Recent studies have shown that immune dysregulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AP, especially in SAP. A meta-study points to widespread concern for the discovery of immunosuppression by networked cytokines in the course of AP. In the early stages of AP, high cytokine levels play a leading role in the development of SIRS pathological conditions, which result in a cascade of inflammatory cytokines that induce the release of immunocompetent cells, leading to an excessive immune response. In the later stages of Compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS), the body over-releases anti-inflammatory agents and has an immunosuppressive process, but contributes to the development of the risk of secondary infection and increases the likelihood of Multiple organ disfunction syndrome (MODS). The study was aimed to measure T-lymphocyte immune function changes of patients with acute pancreatitis and to explore BISAP scoring system in clinical applications. -
Effect of storage time on colorimetric, physicochemical, and lipid oxidation parameters in sheep meat sausages with pre-emulsified linseed oil Original Article
LIMA, Thamirys Lorranne Santos; COSTA, Gilmar Freire da; CRUZ, George Rodrigo Beltrão da; ARAÚJO, Íris Braz da Silva; RIBEIRO, Neila Lidiany; FERREIRA, Valquiria Cardoso da Silva; SILVA, Fabio Anderson Pereira da; BELTRÃO FILHO, Edvaldo MesquitaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study's objective was to evaluate the effect of storage time (-18 ± 1 °C/60 days) under colorimetric, physicochemical, and lipid oxidation parameters in sheep meat sausages with oil pre-emulsified linseed to replace animal fat. Five formulations have been developed; the control sausage (0%) and four fat replacement levels with pre-emulsified linseed oil: 10, 20, 30, and 40%. Color analysis s (L *, a * and b *), determination of the total colorimetric difference (CD), water activity (Aw), pH, moisture, water retention capacity (WRC), and lipid oxidation through the number of substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), where all analysis were determined at intervals of 0, 20, 40 and 60 days of storage. The treatment, the storage time, and the interaction between these factors significantly affected (P < .0001) most of the studied parameters. The TBARS values were affected by the treatment (P < .0001) and by the storage days (P < .0001), with an interaction between these factors (P < .0001). However, it is suggested that the replacement of animal fat with pre-emulsified linseed oil was a viable strategy without causing detrimental effects on the product's quality during the storage period. -
Optimization of spray-drying conditions for obtaining Bacillus sp. SMIA-2 protease powder Original Article
PIRES BOLZAN, Raphael; CRUZ, Erica; BATISTA BARBOSA, João; VILELA TALMA, Simone; LEAL MARTINS, Meire LelisResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Microbial proteases, especially from Bacillus spp., have enormously been exploited for a broad variety of applications such as for physiological processes, food and feedstuff, detergents, as well as in the pharmaceutical and leather. In this work, proteases produced by the thermophilic Bacillus sp. SMIA-2 submerged cultures were spray-dried in an attempt to improve its stability for applications in industry. The enzymatic extract was dried using drying adjuvants, and optimal conditions for preserving enzymatic activity were studied following a statistical experimental design. The spray process factors studied were the drier air inlet temperature and the adjuvants concentrations. The responses analyzed were the enzymatic activity and mass recovered of the powder after spray drying. Additionally, the stability of the powder was assessed during 180 days at room temperature. The results revealed that satisfactory levels of enzymatic activity were obtained when 0.5% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose and 1.0% (w/v) maltodextrin were incorporated to enzymes solutions and the spray drier inlet temperature was 110 ºC. Furthermore, this dried protease extracts showed potential for future commercial applications because of their stability at room temperature for 180 days. -
Triterpenoid constituents and Their Anti-cancer activity from stems and branches of Sambucus williamsii var. coreana Nakai (Caprifoliaceae) Original Article
KIM, Hyun-Hee; LEE, Songmi; Kim, Seo-Hee; YIM, Soon-HoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aims at characterization of the anti-cancer active compounds separated from stems and branches of Sambucus williamsii var. coreana Nakai (Caprifoliaceae). Bioactivity-guided fractionation of ethanol extracts from the S. williamsii was isolated of three triterpenoid compounds. S. williamsii fractions showed superior growth inhibitory activity against three cancer cells (HCT116, A549 and MDA-MB231). Active fraction was isolated and analyzed and led to the identification of three active triterpenoid compounds using HPLC, NMR, and LC-MS spectrometer, their structures were established as betulinic acid (1), oleanolic acid (2) and ursolic acid (3). The results of this study performed with S. williamsii will be helpful to develop new and efficient anti-cancer agents. Also, this research was supported the previous separations and isolations studies on active ingredients of S. williamsii. -
Effect of targeted individualized nutrition support on patients with severe diseases during hospitalization Original Article
WANG, Li; YUAN, KuandaoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To evaluate effect of targeted individualized nutrition support on therapeutic effect and safety of patients with severe diseases during hospitalization. All patients were divided into control group and the observation group according to the time of admission. All enrolled patients received symptomatic treatment and intensive care. The control group received only basic nutrition support. There was no significant difference in NRS2002 score between the two groups at admission. Before intervention, there were no significant differences of total serum protein, serum albumin, hemoglobin content, liver and kidney functions and immune indexes between both groups. After intervention, the total serum protein, serum albumin and hemoglobin content of observation group was significantly higher than those of control group. The incidence of adverse events and complications of observation group was significantly lower than control group during hospitalization. The targeted individualized nutrition support could improve nutritional status of patients with severe surgical diseases during hospitalization. -
Clinical application effect of comprehensive emergency care in emergency treatment and nursing care for acute cerebral infarction with hypertension and diabetes Original Article
HU, Xiaoqin; ZHANG, Li; GAO, YunfanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore the emergency care method for patients suffering from acute cerebral infarction with hypertension and diabetes and its clinical effects. A total of 80 patients were selected, and were divided into the observation group and control group. The patients in the control group were given the routine emergency care, while the patients in the observation group were give the comprehensive emergency care, and the effects of clinical care of the patients in the two groups were compared. After receiving the comprehensive emergency care, the mortality rate, disability rate, recurrence rate, rescuing time, emergency triage time and NIHSS score of patients in observation group were lower than those of control group, and the differences between the two groups were of statistical significance (P < 0.05). Giving patients suffering from acute cerebral infarction with hypertension and diabetes the comprehensive emergency care could not only save the lives of patients effectively and rapidly, reducing the mortality rate, disability rate and recurrence rate, but also effectively shorten the rescue time and clinic time of the patients, reduce the degree of neurologic impairment caused to the patients. Therefore, comprehensive emergency care is worth promoting in clinical practice. -
Effects of HIF-1α overexpression on mitochondrial function in aged mice with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion Original Article
ZOU, Tiantian; WU, Jianjiang; YANG, Long; TAIWANGU, Tailaiti; CHEN, Siyu; WANG, JiangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To evaluate the effects of HIF-1α overexpression on mitochondrial function in aged mice with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Mice were divided into 1) Blank (Sham) group; 2) Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group; 3) I/R+2ME2 group (I/R+HIF-1α blocker 2ME2. Compared with Sham group, in I/R group and I/R+2ME2 group, HR slowed down, LVDP and +dp/dtmax decreased, LVEDP, myocardial infarction area, and ROS generation rate was significantly increased; whereas the mitochondrial respiratory function (State3, RCR) and mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activity (NADH-OX, Cytc-OX and SUC-OX) were significantly reduced. Compared with the I/R group, the respiratory function of myocardial mtochondria (State3, RCR) and respiratory enzyme activity of myocardial (NADH-OX, Cytc-OX and SUC-OX) were significantly reduced in the I/R+2ME2 group; and the levels of p-HIF-1α and p-VEGF in the I/R+2ME2 group were significantly decreased. HIF-1α pathway upregulate the respiratory enzyme activity of myocardial and respiratory function of I/R myocardial mitochondria. -
Effect of formononetin from Trifolium pratense L. on oxidative stress, energy metabolism and inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice Original Article
WANG, Xueyan; LI, Tie; DONG, KunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is one of the main diseases leading to death and disability. Studying the role and mechanism of drugs in mitigating CIRI is of great significance. In the present study, the effect of formononetin from Trifolium pratense L. on oxidative stress, energy metabolism impairment and inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in mice were investigated. Formononetin was extracted from Trifolium pratense L. and was purified. The mice were treated with formononetin for six days. Then, the CIRI model was established. After 24 h of reperfusion, compared with model group, in formononetin group, the neurological deficit score, cerebral water content and cerebral infarction rate were significantly decreased, the brain tissue nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased, the brain tissue superoxide dismutase level was significantly increased, the brain tissue Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities were significantly increased, and the brain tissue tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 levels were significantly decreased. In conclusion, formononetin from Trifolium pratense L. can reduce the oxidative stress, energy metabolism impairment and inflammatory response in brain tissues, thus mitigating the CIRI in mice. -
METRNL reduced inflammation in sepsis-induced renal injury via PPARδ-dependent pathways Original Article
HU, Jin; HE, Aiting; YUE, Xiaolin; ZHOU, Minmin; ZHOU, YanhongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by infection, with complicated pathological mechanism and extremely high prevalence and fatality rate. In this study, we investigated the role of METRNL in sepsis-induced renal injury and to identify potential downstream molecules. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to laparotomy followed by extracorporeal cecum mobilization and ligation as vivo model. THP-1 cells were stimulated with LPS as vitro model. As compared to the normal tissue or normal serum samples, the tissue and serum of METRNL expression levels in sepsis-induced renal injury were reduced. METRNL protein reduced inflammation and inhibited renal injury in sepsis mice model. METRNL up-regulation inhibited inflammation in vitro model. The inhibition of METRNL promoted inflammation and renal injury in sepsis mice model. METRNL reduced inflammation in sepsis-induced renal injury via PPARδ-dependent pathways. In conclusion, we are the first to identify METRNL as a co-activator of PPARδ to inhibit inflammation in sepsis-induced renal injury and potentiate the activity target of renal injury. -
Glutathione ameliorates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation (H/R) induced hepatocyte oxidative damage via regulating HO-1 signaling Original Article
CHEN, Wuye; LI, Kunping; ZHU, Shaomei; LUO, Xiaozai; WANG, Yihong; LIU, Zhengyu; FANG, Yongping; XIA, ZhengyuanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In our study, CCK-8 assay and LDH release detection were performed to detect the optimal protective concentration of GSH on HL7702 cell viability during H/R injury. HL7702 cells were randomly divided into four groups: Control group, H/R group, H/R+GSH group, and H/R+GSH+HO-1-siRNA group. Then, reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by DHE staning, MDA, T-SOD measurements; Cell injury was detected by CCK-8, LDH release, and supernatant AST and ALT levels; Apoptosis was determined by Hoechst staining and caspase 3 level. Compared with controls, H/R caused significant HL7702 cell injury evidenced as reduced cell viability, increased LDH release and apoptotic cell death (P < 0.01), with concomitant increases in ROS and MDA production (P < 0.01), while treated with GSH in H/R group significantly attenuated oxidative injury, enhanced cell viability and downregulated cell apoptosis (P < 0.01) together with HO-1 upregulation (P < 0.01). Knockdown HO-1 by its siRNA cancelled the protective effects of GSH from H/R compared with GSH group (P < 0.01). HO-1 was induced in HL7702 exposed to H/R injury and its level was obviously overexpressed after H/R injury with GSH treatment, suggesting its protective potential in GSH against H/R injury. GSH increases the expression of HO-1, which enhanced the early antioxidative activity and played a protective role against HL7702 cells H/R injury. -
Assessment of food safety conditions at food service premises using Thai survey form and field fecal indicator testing in Pakpoon municipality of Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand Original Article
BUMYUT, Apirak; MAKKAEW, Prasert; YADEE, Khoihrunhana; HLAMCHOO, Soraida; BINYOOSOH, Ifteesan; PRECHA, NopadolResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to investigate the food safety conditions at food service premises and the hand hygiene of food handlers in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. The food safety conditions of 24 food service premises in the Pakpoon municipality of Nakhon Si Thammarat were assessed using a food sanitation inspection form and fecal indicator testing. The fecal indicators in this study were coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli (E. coli). A total of 162 samples were randomly collected from food and utensils and analyzed for coliform contamination. Samples were also obtained from food handlers and analyzed for coliform and E. coli contamination. None of the premises achieved the requirements of the Thai food safety standard. The samples showed significant coliform contamination (p < 0.01). Notably, the ice and drinking water samples were 100% coliform positive. The highest number of viable cells of total coliform and E. coli on the hands of the food handlers were >200 CFU/hand and >50 CFU/hand, respectively. Food safety conditions and food handlers’ hand hygiene should be improved to protect consumers from the risk of foodborne diseases. -
Clinical study on the active tactile sensibility test of single-tooth implants Original Article
YU, Bohan; LI, Qin; WANG, FangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To compare the active tactile sensibility (AST) between natural teeth and implant dentures, and explore the risk factors. To establish a database of normal tactile thresholds of natural teeth, and integrate the results from experiments. 50 patients underwent posterior dental implant restoration. A healthy group was also enrolled as control. Patients were firstly placed in semi-supine position with soothed tension and wore ear pads and goggles. Next, T-scan II digital occlusal analysis system (Tekscan,USA). The test was performed in double-blind way and recorded by the third. Results were analyzed using SPSS software and P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Active tactile sensibility showed no statistically significant difference between natural teeth and dental implants among males and females (P > 0.05). However, there was difference between the natural tooth and implant tooth (P < 0.01), and there was also statistically significant difference between the front tooth and the back of the natural tooth and implant tooth (P < 0.01). There is no significant difference in the determination of the active tactile sensitive threshold difference between the implanted tooth and the natural tooth, which could serve as a comprehensive guiding for clinical strategies of tooth implantation. -
Effect of Puerarin on EBI after SAH Original Article
ZENG, Xiangwu; XU, Xiuzhen; KONG, Jianlong; RONG, Congxue; SHE, Jianhu; GUO, Wanliang; SHI, Lijuan; ZHAO, DianfanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Objective The neuroinflammatory reaction activated after the activation of microglia plays a critical role in the pathological mechanism of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The inhibitory effect of Puerarin on inflammatory response plays a protective effect against various diseases. The present study mainly explored whether Puerarin alleviates the inflammation after SAH by inhibiting the Notchl pathway. Methods: Rat SAH model was induced by internal carotid artery puncture. The content of brain edema was evaluated and assessed. Evans blue staining was used to detect the degree of blood-brain barrier damage. FJC staining was used to assess neuronal apoptosis. Western blot method was employed to detect the expressions of Notchl receptor and downstream factors to clarify the protective effect and specific mechanism of Puerarin on brain tissue after SAH. Results: Puerarin can attenuate the brain edema and blood-brain barrier damage caused by early brain injury within 72 h after SAH, reduce the contents of Ibal and CD68 positive microglia. Intraventricular injection of Notchl receptor blockers and Notchl siRNA can inhibit the activation of Notchl pathway after SAH, mitigate brain tissue edema, blood-brain barrier damage, and neuronal apoptosis, as well as inhibit the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory factors. Puerarin can inhibit the activation of Notchl receptor and downstream pathways, and simultaneously increase the content of Botch in brain tissue. Conclusion: Puerarin can inhibit the activation of Notchl receptor through Botch factor, thereby inhibiting the neuroinflammatory reaction mediated by Notchl pathway, and finally improve the early neurological dysfunction after SAH. -
Assessment of validation and antioxidant activities of novel 12 Korean strawberry cultivars Original Article
LEE, Songmi; CHO, Joong-Hyun; PARK, Ki Deok; KIM, Yong-Dae; YIM, Soon-HoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, antioxidant activities of extracts of 12 Korean strawberry cultivars were evaluated and validation of an analytical method for ellagic acid, a marker compound, was carried out. Cultivar 'Josaenghongshim' had the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. In addition, cultivar 'Josaenghongshim' had the highest value and cultivar 'Seolhyang' showing the highest activity. Ellagic acid contents of 'Suhong', 'Okme', and 'Dahong' cultivars were the highest ellagic acid content. Correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9999, showing very high linearity. The HPLC-DAD method for the quantitation of ellagic acid content showed high linearity at various concentration ranges, with a limit of detection of 2.35 μg/mL. The limit of quantification was 7.13 μg/mL. Relative standard deviations from intra- and inter-day precision were less than 5.13%. Recovery rates of ellagic acid at 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL, respectively, were 99.0-100.1% with RSD values less than 5.30%. These results provide viable information for the validation of antioxidant capacities of 12 cultivars of Korean strawberries. -
Effects of low-intensity DC magnetic field on the freezing process of aqueous solution and beef Original Article
WANG, Yiran; XU, Teng; TAN, Gengbin; CHEN, Hailong; LI, Tao; DU, DongxingResumo em Inglês:
Abstracts In this paper, experiments were conducted to study the effect of weak magnetic fields on the freezing process of deionized water and physiological normal saline. The results show that different magnetic field strengths have different effects on aqueous solutions. Only a certain strength of the magnetic field will have a positive effect on the freezing process of the aqueous solution, and generally speaking, the effect of the magnetic field on the normal saline is better than that of deionized water. When the magnetic field strength is 150G, the magnetic field has a positive effect on the supercooling degree and the supercooling time of the saline. In the beef freezing experiment, it was found that the magnetic field can not only promote the freezing process of beef but also inhibit the freezing process. Whether a fan is added will also affect the freezing effect of the magnetic field on the beef.The magnetic field strength of 40G and 50G has a significant promotion effect on the freezing process of beef, while the magnetic field strength of 100G~150G has a significant inhibitory effect. -
Evaluation of food safety problems based on the fuzzy comprehensive analysis method Original Article
ZHAO, Yingwen; TALHA, MuhammadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To preserve life and promote health, it is critical to have access to appropriate quantities of safe food. Foodborne illness is an infectious illness or poisoning caused by viruses, bacteria, or chemicals that contaminate food or water. Food safety and health are the responsibility of everyone, from the agricultural chain to the consumer who comes into touch with food, in order to limit the amount of food poisonings. Nutritionists feel that the home, or the location where the consumer prepares food, is one of the least supervised steps all the way from the farm to the table. Dr. Lotfi Zadeh invented fuzzy logic as a superset of classical logic. This article covers the mathematical foundations of fuzzy logic, as well as membership functions, fuzzy sets, and reasoning rules. Input numbers are converted into linguistic values by fuzzy expert systems, which are subsequently modified by if-then rules provided by a human expert. The notion of a fuzzy expert system is explored in-depth, along with its rule-base and set membership functions. -
Diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic anemia with red blood cell survival via carbon monoxide breath-red blood cell survival Original Article
LI, Luqian; DENG, Huimin; MA, Wen; ZHOU, YiwenResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Measuring red blood cell survival (RBCS) by a carbon monoxide breath test can help diagnose and analyze disease type and progression of anemia. In this study, we reported the application of RBCS in the differential diagnosis of thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). A total of 233 patients were selected in this study, including 48 IDA, 60 thalassemia, and 125 healthy individual controls. The endogenous alveolar CO of each subject was measured by RBCS-01 red blood cell lifespanmeter to obtain the RBCS values. The mean RBCS for mild β-thalassemia, severe β-thalassemia, α-thalassemia, IDA and the control were 67.5±22.0, 31.3±13.9, 69.3±27.7, 78.2±28.2 and 114.3±33.8 days, respectively (P<0.05). RBCS values for thalassemia and IDA patients showed obvious shorter lifespan compared to healthy controls. The cutoff points for thalassemia, IDA and control were <72.5 and <83.5, respectively. RBCS showed a strong positive correlation to red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) in thalassemia patients. In IDA patients, RBCS demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with HGB, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW). There were significant differences between RBCS in different types of thalassemia. RBCS by endogenous alveolar CO testing is a rapid and reliable method for the differential diagnosis of thalassemia and IDA. -
Beneficial effects of Paeonia ostii stamen tea in extending the lifespan and inducing stress resistance on Caenorhabditis elegans Original Article
MENG, Jiasong; CHENG, Menglin; ZHANG, Keliang; EL HADI, Muna Ahmed Mohamed; ZHAO, Daqiu; TAO, JunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Paeonia ostii is an industrial crop with broad prospects, and folks have habit of drinking its stamen tea in China, but its beneficial healthy effects remain largely unclear. Here, we identified its main active components, evaluated its antioxidant activity, and examined its safety property and its beneficial effects in the model animal Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that P. ostii stamen (POS) contained many active components with high antioxidant activity. Moreover, POS tea did not cause lethality, influence growth, locomotion behavior and reproduction, and induce intestinal autofluorescence in C. elegans. Furthermore, 1.2 mg·mL-1 of POS tea treatment significantly extended the lifespan and improved growth, locomotion behavior and intestinal autofluorescence of C. elegans, while its reproduction and Escherichia coli OP50 growth were not affected. In addition, POS tea treatment significantly induced stress resistance to extend the lifespan of C. elegans under heat stress and oxidative stress conditions. All these suggested that POS tea was safe and had beneficial healthy effects, which could provide a theoretical basis for its production and popularization. -
A pivotal peptide (Ile-Leu-Lys-Pro) with high ACE- inhibitory activity from duck egg white: identification and molecular docking Original Article
LI, Haitao; CHEN, Xiaoyan; GUO, Yan; HOU, Tao; HU, JunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Salted duck egg white was desalted and hydrolyzed to produce angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides. Single factor test and response surface design were performed to determine the best hydrolysis conditions: enzyme dosage 11875.99 U/g, substrate concentration 33.04 g/L and hydrolysis time 4 h. The fraction V (MW < 1 kDa), which exhibited the strongest ACE inhibitory activity, was characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Eighty-three peptides were identified, and among them Ile-Leu-Lys-Pro, Ile-Asn-Ser-Trp, Ile-Arg and His-Pro-Ala were synthesized for further research. Ile-Leu-Lys-Pro exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.355 mM). The molecular docking studies revealed that nine amino acids contributed to stabilize the docking complex. The ACE inhibition of Ile-Leu-Lys-Pro and Ile-Asn-Ser-Trp were mainly attributed to Ile in N-terminal. The residues Glu362 and Ala332 were the important binding sites in molecular docking. This research expands the understanding of ACE inhibitory peptides from duck egg white as well as highlights an opportunity for recycling an otherwise discarded byproduct. -
The level of cardiac troponin T and its possible influence factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients Original Article
XU, Yan; HU, Haifeng; SUN, Meimei; TIAN, Taisheng; LI, JingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract We aimed to study level of cardiac troponin T(cTnT) and its possible influence factorsin maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Blood was obtained from 123 MHD patients before undergoing hemodialysis. Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) had higher cTnT levels than those without CVD (0.062 [0.044 - 0.083] ng/mL vs 0.031[0.020 - 0.046] ng/mL, P = 0.002). Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) had higher cTnT levels than those non-DM (0.061[0.042 - 0.102] ng/mL vs 0.044[0.025 - 0.064] ng/mL, P = 0.003). We found that in all MHD patients, cTnT correlated positively with age(ρ = 0.309, P = 0.001), glycated albumin (ρ = 0.192, P = 0.040), amino-terminal pro-B-natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (ρ = 0.448, P < 0.001), high-sensitive C reactive protein(hsCRP) (ρ = 0.335, P < 0.001), carotid artery intima-media thickness (ρ = 0.315, P = 0.004) and left ventricular mass index(ρ = 0.369, P < 0.001); negatively with pre-albumin(ρ = -0.280, P = 0.002), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(ρ = -0.201, P = 0.047). Age (β = 0.204, P = 0.043), NT-proBNP (β = 0.299, P = 0.010) and left ventricular mass index (β = 0.345, P = 0.003) were independently associated cTnT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed the correlation between cTnT and CVD was more closely than NT-proBNP and hsCRP, the correlation between cTnT and left ventricular hypertrophy was lower than NT-proBNP, and higher than hsCRP. In conclusions, serum cTnT is markedly elevated in MHD patients; Serum cTnT is associated with advanced age, fluid overload, malnutrition, microinflammation, left ventricular hypertrophy and CVD in MHD patients. -
Danzhi Jiangtang capsule regulates the metabolism of blood lipids in hyperlipidemic rats through JAK2/STAT3 pathway Original Article
YIN, Gang; SHEN, Guoming; DAI, Tingting; LI, JingyaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Danzhi Jiangtang capsule (DJC), a traditional medicinal formula composed of cortex moutan, heterophylly falsestarwort root, unprocessed rehmannia root, oriental waterplantain rhizome, dodder seed and leech, has been used to treat type 2 diabetes in clinic for almost 10 years. In addition, DJC was also confirmed that it could relieved oxidative stress of vascular endothelium in diabetic macroangiopathy. Based on the fact that the DJC could regulated the level of free fatty acids in diabetes patients and the constituents of DJC also possess potential anti-hyperlipidemic effect, thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of DJC and further investigated potential molecular mechanism of this action. As in vivo results revealed, DJC could reduced the levels of TC, TG, LDL, increased HDL level as well as decreased the level of ALT and AST of model rats. In addition, DJC also showed significant antioxidant effect by decreasing the level of MDA and increasing the level of SOD and GSH-Px. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that DJC could up-regulated the expression of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3, and down-regulated the expression of SCOC3 protein, which indicated that DJC could regulate the metabolism of lipid via JAK2/STAT3 pathway. -
DNMT3A regulates differentiation of osteoblast and autophagy of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular medial calcification induced by high phosphorus through ERK1/2 signaling Original Article
MA, Xiaoying; CHENG, Meijuan; JIN, Jingjing; BAI, Yaling; ZHANG, Huiran; HE, Lei; ZHOU, Wei; ZHANG, Dongxue; ZHANG, Shenglei; XU, JinshengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the effect of DNMT3A in vascular calcification (VC) induced by high phosphorus. The arterial tissues of 12 patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and VC and 12 patients with ESRD without VC were collected. Rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were divided into control group, high phosphorus (P) group, P + DMSO group, p-ERK1/2 inhibitor group, DNMT3A group and DNMT3A + P group and P + shRNA-DNMT3A group. Vascular calcification was evaluated by von kossa staining. Cell calcification was evaluated by alizarin red staining. The calcium content was assessed by calcium determination kit. The levels of DNMT3A, Runx2, LC3 and p-ERK1/2 were significantly up-regulated in CKD patients with VC in comparison with those in CKD patients without VC(p<0.05). Moreover, the levels of SM22α and P62 were notably decreased in CKD patients with VC in comparison with those in CKD patients without VC(p<0.05). Similar changes were observed in VSMCs induced by high phosphorus. Knock down of DNMT3A in VSMCs inhibited phenotypic transformation and induced autophagy, then reduced calcification(p<0.05). Moreover, p-ERK1/2 level was downregulated by knock down of DNMT3A in comparison with the control group(p<0.05). In conclusion, DNMT3A regulated high phosphorus induced vascular medial calcification via ERK1/2 signaling. -
Rheological, pasting and sensory properties of biscuits supplemented with grape pomace powder Original Article
LOU, Wenjuan; ZHOU, Haixu; LI, Bo; NATALIYA, GrevtsevaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The research aimed to study the effects of 0–20% substitution of wheat flour with grape pomace powder (GPP) on the rheological and pasting properties of wheat dough, and on sensory properties, digestive and antioxidant activities of the prepared biscuits. The results of rheological analysis showed that incorporation with GPP concluded in reduced water absorption (WA) and increased dough stability. Rapid visco-analyser (RVA) results suggested GPP could increase the breakdown value of the starch paste system but decrease the setback and peak viscosity. With respect to biscuit properties, it was found that 5%–15% GPP resulted in increased chewiness and hardness of biscuits. Also, it was recorded that GPP significantly improved antioxidant activity and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging capabilities. Although the in vitro digestibility results showed that the addition of GPP displayed minor influence on digestion rate, the sensory analysis results showed that the biscuits supplemented with GPP to a level of 10% resulted in products with good overall acceptability. Additionally, biscuits incorporated with an addition amount of 10% GPP exhibited nailing oxidation resistance and can be considered as a food with a high fiber content, which is a good option for people to pursue modern healthy foods. -
Anti-inflammatory effect of Eucommia Chlorogenic Acid (ECA) on adjuvant-induced arthritis rats and its effect on autophagy related pathway Original Article
LAN-FANG, Chen; DAN, Xuan; JUN, Sheng; FU-YONG, Qiang; XIAO-WAN, Wang; LIANG, XuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Observation ECA’s treatment effects in Adjuvant arthritis rats and relative mechanisms. The rat model of arthritis was established by subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mL Freund’s complete adjuvant. After model success, giving different ECA concentrations (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) to rats by ig methods and continued to 28 days. Measuring thymus and spleen index; observation histopathological morphology of rat joint by HE and Masson staining, and Inflammatory cells, synovial hyperplasia, oochas score and degree of fibrosis were detected semi quantitatively. The relative gene and protein expressions were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. Compared with Normal group, Inflammatory cells, synovial hyperplasia, fibrosis and oochas score increased significantly in Model group (P<0.01, respectively); COX-1, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 mRNA expression were significantly up-regulation (P<0.01); AMPK, Beclin1 and ATG12 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly down-regulation (P<0.01, respectively). Compared with Model group, The inflammatory cells, the degree of fibrosis, the proliferation of synovial tissue and OOCHAS score decreased significantly in Middle and High groups (P<0.01, respectively); Thymus index significantly depressed in Low, Middle and High groups (P<0.01, respectively); spleen index were significantly down-regulation in Middle and High groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01); COX-2, TNF-α and IL-17 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulation (P<0.05), IL-1βand IL-6 mRNA expression were significantly depressed in Middle and High groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01); AMPK, Beclin1, LC3-II, ATG5 and ATG7 mRNA expressions were significantly up-regulation in Middle and High groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01); mTOR gene expression was significantly down-regulation (P<0.05), ATG12 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulation (P<0.01) in High group; AMPK, Beclin1, LC3-II, ATG5 and ATG7 protein expressions were significantly increased in High group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), mTOR protein expression were significantly down-regulation and ATG12 protein expression were significantly up-regulation in Low, Middle and High groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01, respectively). ECA can inhibit the inflammatory response in adjuvant arthritis rats, and its mechanism may be related to promoting autophagy of synovial cells. -
Preparation and application of phosphorylated Lotus root polysaccharide Original Article
YAN, You-Yu; YUAN, Shuai; ZHAO, Shuai; XU, Chang-Yuan; ZHANG, Xi-FengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, we extracted lotus root polysaccharide (LRP) and synthesised phosphorylated lotus root polysaccharide (PLP) using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM analyses revealed that the optimal conditions for PLP synthesis were a reaction duration of 7 h, temperature of 70 °C and pH of 11.38. Under these conditions, the predicted degree of substitution (DS%) was determined to be 9.96%. The structure of the LRP1 was examined by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy scan, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H and 13C). The monosaccharide composition of LRP1 was determined to be mannose (0.12%), ribose(0.18%), glucuronic acid(0.60%), galacturonic acid(0.09%), glucose(98.79%) and galactose(0.21%). The number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of LRP1 were 10236 and 251783 g/mol. LRP1 exhibited high antioxidant activities in scavenging ABTS radicals, Superoxide anion radicals and Metal ion scavenging activity. PLP exhibited strong antioxidant activity in vitro. In addition, PLP inhibited Skov3 cancer cell proliferation and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our data revealed that PLP is a promising natural antioxidant with potential value as a food supplement and for the treatment of cancer. -
Characterization of main components in Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid by UPLC-MS and their taste evaluation Original Article
WU, Chunying; WANG, Shuyu; TAO, Ou; ZHAN, XueyanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This paper provided a method for determining the potential quality markers in Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid (XXZOL) based on the concordant tastes of compounds with their respective originated Chinese medicinal pieces. UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS technology was used to identify the main chemical constituents in XXZOL. The electronic tongue collected the electronic responses of the sour, bitter, sweet, pungent, and salty sample solutions, and the discriminant factor analysis (DFA) model was established to recognize the taste characteristics of 23 liquid samples. Fifteen high content ingredients in XXZOL were identified by UPLC-MS, and the established DFA model recognized their respective tastes. The accurate recognition rate of the DFA model was 73.33%, the false rate was 6.67%, and the unrecognized rate was 20%. The concordance rate of their authentic tastes with the tastes of their respective originated Chinese medicinal pieces was 78.57%. Trigonelline, malic acid, citric acid, and caffeic acid were the potential sour material bases of XXZOL. Mannitol was the potential sweet material basis of XXZOL. L-phenylalanine, sinapine, forsythoside I, pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, naringin, and neohesperidin were the potential bitter material bases of XXZOL. So the above 11 main compounds were the potential quality markers of XXZOL. -
Characterization, antioxidant, ACE inhibition and toxicity evaluations of palm kernel cake-derived Alcalase® hydrolysate Original Article
NG, Khar-Ling; TAN, Yen-Nee; OSMAN, Md. Anuar; RAJAB, Nor Fadilah; EE, Kah-YawResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin) kernel cake protein (PKCP) was extracted and hydrolyzed using Alcalase® 2.4L to obtain hydrolysate (PKCPH), then fractionated using size exclusion chromatography. PKCPH consisted of predominantly fraction one (PKCPH1), containing two peptides (4.9 kDa and 6.3 kDa) with functional amide (6.75–7.04 ppm) and amine (1.5–2.0 ppm) groups. PKCP and PKCPH shared similar amino acid profiles. PKCPH1 had moderate amounts of hydrophobic (23.60%) and antioxidant (26.10%) amino acids, with high hydrophobicity index (Ho 79.60), thus exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity in mostly all the antioxidant assays. On the other hand, fraction two, PKCPH2 (58.8 kDa), possessed strong angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (77.29%), but undetectable antioxidant activity. Furthermore, high viability (87–92%) and negligible cytotoxic activity were revealed with the highest dosages of PKCPH (2 mg/mL) and PKCPH1 (1 mg/mL) in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Salmonella reverse mutation (AMES), alkaline comet and micronucleus (MNi) assays. Besides, in vivo acute oral toxicity test on PKCPH using Sprague Dawley albino rats showed negative outcome according to the consistent body and organ weights as well as normal morbidity. In short, PKCPH is safe for potential applications in the formulation of functional food and nutraceutical products with health benefits. -
Microbiological, chemical, fatty acid and antioxidant characteristics of goat milk kefir enriched with Moringa oleifera leaf powder during storage Original Article
WULANSARI, Putri Dian; Nurliyani,; ENDAH, Srie Rezeki Nur; NOFRIYALDI, Ali; HARMAYANI, EniResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Fortification of compounds that contain functional components can improve product quality without affecting the product characteristics in the storage. This study evaluated the effect of supplementing Moringa leaf powder (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0% w/w) and different storage periods (0, 7, and 14 days) on the quality of goat milk kefir. The observed parameters were microbiological characteristics (total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total plate count or TPC, total yeast) chemical characteristics (total solids, acidity, pH, alcohol level, free fatty acid (FFA)), fatty acid profiles, and antioxidant properties (total phenol and DPPH). The result showed that Moringa leaf powder supplemented into kefir increased acidity, total phenol, and DPPH and decreased the alcohol level. Storage time decreased TPC, total yeast, and total solids but increased alcohol, total phenol, and DPPH. We also identified 31 fatty acids. Supplementing 2% Moringa leaf powder combined with 14-day storage can produce ± twice as much total phenol and DPPH as those in the control group and does not negatively affect the quality of the kefir product. -
Use of ultrasound and acerola (Malpighia emarginata) residue extract tenderness and lipid oxidation of pork meat Original Article
ARAÚJO, Chimenes Darlan Leal de; SILVA, Gledson Firmino Gonçalves da; ALMEIDA, Jorge Luiz Santos de; RIBEIRO, Neila Lidiany; PASCOAL, Leonardo Augusto Fonseca; SILVA, Fábio Anderson Pereira da; FERREIRA, Valquíria Cardoso da Silva; MARTINS, Terezinha Domiciano DantasResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This work aims to evaluate the application of ultrasound and marinate with extract of acerola (Malpighia emarginata) residue on the tenderness and lipid oxidation of the meat pork. Samples of loin (Longissimus dorsi) containing approximately 90 g, 10 cm long, 5 cm wide, and 2 cm high were extracted from the pig carcass. The samples were coded and randomly allocated under a factorial scheme 2 (with and without antioxidant extract) x 3 (ultrasonic bath times 0, 5, and 10 minutes); each treatment had four replicates. The final extract volume was adjusted with distilled water, ensuring 200 mg of gallic acid equivalents per kilo of meat. Then, the samples were placed in the ultrasonic bath at a fixed frequency of 170 W, 35 kHz. During the ultrasound application, the bath temperature was maintained at 10 °C with ice/ice water addition when necessary. The acerola´s extract showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the meat Cohesiveness and to a lesser extent before rupture. With the modification of the microstructure in the meat, there was a decrease in elasticity. The application of ultrasound to meat (170 W, 35 kHz) in times (5 and 10 minutes) combined with the marinating in a natural antioxidant acerolas residue extract improves the meat's quality characteristics, decreasing the hardness and chewiness. -
Evaluation on a supersaturatable self-microemulsifying (s-smdds) formulation of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (BDD) in Vitro and in Vivo Original Article
JIANG, Qingwei; WANG, Tao; LI, GaoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To enhance the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (BDD), the supersaturatable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) was developed by adding a water-soluble polymer PVP to prevent precipitation of the drug and maintain a supersaturate state in vivo. Ternary phase diagrams were drawn to evaluate the microemulsification domain. The formulations were characterized by testing the physical stability of the drug, particle size and zeta potential. The pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs was performed for the S-SMEDDS, SMEDDS formulation and the market drop pills. The optimized S-SMEDDS formulation consist of 35% (w/w) Cremphor EL35, 33% (w/w) Transcutol HP, 30% (w/w) MCT and 2% (w/w) PVPK30 of each excipient showed minimum mean droplet size (37.71 ± 0.87nm) and optimal drug release profile and better physical stability in water compared with the PVP absent SMEDDS. The in vivo studies showed that S-SMEDDS had significantly increased the Cmax and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) (P < 0.01). The S-SMEDDS formulation should be an effective oral dosage form for improving oral bioavailability of water-insoluble BDD. -
Optimization of mechanochemical-assisted extraction of hesperidin from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Original Article
JIN, Tingyu; YU, Meijing; CAO, Mingxi; ZHU, XingyiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Mechanochemical-assisted extraction (MCAE) of hesperidin from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae was investigated in AGO-2 high intensity planetary activator. In order to optimize extraction efficiency, six variables (different kinds of reagents, Na2CO3 content, grinding time, extraction temperature, extraction time, liquid/solid ratio) were varied. Results showed that the optimum MCAE conditions were determined as: Na2CO3 content of 30.0% (w/w), grinding time 20 min, extraction temperature 20 °C, extraction time 10 min, liquid/solid ratio of 80:1 mL/g. Meanwhile, enhancement of solubility was measured. Fourier transform-infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscope were used to illustrate structure change of hesperidin after mechanochemical pretreatment. With the optimized parameter settings, MCAE with water as solvent gave the highest hesperidin yield while reducing both extraction time and energy costs compared to the heat-reflux and superfine grinding extraction. -
Extraction, preparation and an assessment of the activity of carboxymethyl polysaccharide from Panax japonicus Original Article
YU, Qi-Yang; YUAN, Shuai; YAN, You-Yu; ZHANG, Xi-FengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract A response surface method (RSM) was employed to optimize polysaccharide extraction from Panax japonicus (PJPS). Also, carboxymethyl substitution of PJPS (CM-PJPS) was studied using a response surface methodology. A three-variable Box–Behnken design (BBD) methodology was applied. RSM analyses revealed that conditions that maximized polysaccharide yield were as follows: a liquid-to-material ratio 22:1, an extraction temperature of 83.99 °C and an extraction duration of 2.32 h. Under optimum extraction conditions, the average absorbance value of PJPS was 0.6001, and the purity of PJPS was 98.2%. A quadratic regression model for CM-PJPS was obtained via BBD. The optimum extraction conditions for the process were determined to include a 1.38 h reaction time, 1.24 g monochloroacetic acid (MCA) and a reaction temperature of 52.85 °C. Under optimum extraction conditions, the average degree of CM-PJPS substitution was 0.9733. The structure of the PJPS was examined by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). CM-PJPS exhibited the strongest anti-oxidant activity in vitro. In addition, CM-PJPS inhibited Skov3 and A2780 cancer cell proliferation. Our data revealed that CM-PJPS is a promising natural antioxidant with potential value as a food supplement and for treatment of cancer. -
Identification of antioxidant ingredients by GC-MS from the essential oil of Purple Eleutherococcus simonii leaves Original Article
NIE, Xianxian; WANG, Ziying; REN, Jingxin; LIU, Xiangqian; XU, Zhong; WHANG, Wankyunn; LIANG, Zongsuo; MANS, Dennis; ZHANG, XiaodanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The main objective of the current study was to investigate the components and antioxidant activity of essential oil extracted from Purple Eleutherococcus leaves (identified as Eleutherococcus simonii) (PEEO) by hydrodistillation (HD) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Fourteen chemical components were identified in PEEO using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), accounting for 41.21% of the total essential oil extracted by SPME, including isopropyl toluene, 4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl) cyclohexene (3.24%), fumaric-red myrrh alcohol (2.94%), farnesol acetate (2.92%), etc. Forty-three compounds were identified by HD, accounting for 73.28% of the total essential oil extracted by HD, including α-Farnesene (3.4%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (1.28%), (α-Bisabolol (0.87%), etc. The antioxidant activity of PEEO was characterized for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, ABTS method and FRAP method, and the IC50 values were 1.125 mg/mL, 0.945 mg/mL and 0.862 mg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for DPPH, ABTS and FRAP of essential oil were similar to those of ascorbic acid (VC; 0.853, 0.945 and 0.037 mg/mL). The results showed that the essential oil of PEEO has a high radical scavenging activity. -
Effects of deep fat frying conditions on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in chicken meat Original Article
ZHANG, Chen-Xia; XI, Jun; WANG, Shou-Tao; MA, Yu-Xiang; WANG, Xue-DeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Deep fat frying is a common cooking procedure; however, its effects on food can produce carcinogenic compounds, namely heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) that are detrimental to the health of the consumer. The influence of frying process conditions (temperature, time, meat shape, oil type, oil oxidation) on the formation of HAAs in deep fat fried chicken meat was explored. The concentrations of HAAs increased with frying temperature and time, and higher amounts were found in samples with higher surface areas. The type of oil influenced the formation of HAAs, and more HAAs were found in the samples fried in peanut and rapeseed oils. Oxidation of frying oil also elevated HAAs in fried meat. Understanding how to reduce the formation of HAAs in deep fat frying is essential for reducing the health risks associated with consuming HAAs. -
Anti-neuroinflammatory activity of Humulus japonicus extract and its active compound luteolin on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in SIM-A9 microglia via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways Original Article
WANG, Feng; CHO, Byoung Ok; SHIN, Jae Young; HAO, Suping; JANG, Seon IlResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Humulus japonicus (HJ) is administered to patients with pulmonary disease and skin disease owing to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Lately, HJ has been shown to exert impacts on protection against neurodegenerative sickness. Nevertheless, its impacts on microglia have not been discovered in depth. As a result, anti-inflammatory impacts of HJ ethanol extract (HJE) and its active compound luteolin on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated SIM-A9 cells were investigated. The results showed that HJE luteolin inhibited generation of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide, interleukin-6, together with prostaglandin E2, iNOS, COX-2 along with HO-1 induction. Furthermore, HJE and luteolin reduced degrees of NF-κB pathway components within cytoplasm and nucleus, while reducing cytoplasmic MAPK levels and increasing Nrf2 levels in the cytoplasm and nucleus. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that HJE might exhibit neuroprotective effects and could be used as a novel drug for various neurological diseases. -
Purification and characterization of Antarctic krill chitinase and its role on free fluoride release from Antarctic krill cuticle Original Article
JI, Wei; PENG, Yuanhuai; JI, HongwuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate factors that influence free fluoride release in Antarctic krill cuticle, the enzyme properties of a chitinase from Antarctic krill were analyzed to identify its role on free fluoride release from Antarctic krill cuticle. The chitinase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation,ion and gel chromatography, and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The molecular mass of the chitinase purified from Antarctic krill was 59.0 kDa and its peptide sequences were similar to chitinase precursor sequences from Penaeus vannamei. The optimal pH of the chitinase was pH 6.5 and temperature 45 °C and exhibited high stability within pH 5.0-6.0 and temperatures below 35 °C. The chitinase activity was increased by Ca2+ and Mg2+, while inhibited by Fe2+, Cu2+ and Co2+. The purified chitinase had Km and Vmax values of 5.88 mmol/L and 2.11 μmol/min·mL, respectively. The endogenous chitinase purified from Antarctic krill could degrade chitin fibers and induced the release of free fluoride from Antarctic krill cuticle. Under experimental conditions, the free fluoride release law in Antarctic krill cuticle can be described by equation: CW=1−0.98e−0.0111t−0.02e0.15t×175.52 +10.80. -
Synthesis of partial glycerides rich in α-linolenic acid efficiently from silkworm pupa oil with immobilized lipase MAS1-H108A Original Article
YUE, Haipeng; LUO, Ri Ming; QIN, Xiaoli; HE, Shi; YANG, Bo; LIAO, Sentai; WANG, Weifei; WANG, YonghuaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this paper the ability of immobilized lipase MAS1-H108A to prepare α-linolenic acid-rich partial glycerides was studied. The effects of different reaction conditions on the yield of Diacylglycerol (DAG) and Monoglyceride (MAG) were investigated, including substrate molar ratio, substrate concentration, temperature and lipase dosage. The highest yield (63.92% of MAG and 30.61% of DAG) was obtained when silkworm pupa oil/glycerol ratio of 1:3, lipase dosage was 50 U/g, substrate concentration was 40% (w/v), at 40 °C. Under the optimal conditions, the scale-up (50 times) and single-stage molecular distillation were carried out to separate DAG and MAG, the yield of MAG in the light phase was 99.18%, and the concentration of DAG in the heavy phase was 89.47%, α-linolenic acid in MAG and DAG accounted for 28.96% and 28.23%, respectively. The results can be shown that the immobilized lipase MAS1-H108A has excellent potential for enzymatic glycerolysis to prepare functional partial glycerides. -
Unraveling characterizations of bacterial community and spoilage profiles shift in chilled pork during refrigerated storage Original Article
WANG, Xinhui; DENG, Yuanhong; SUN, Jinsong; DING, Yue; LIU, Yang; TIAN, TianResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Changes in bacterial community composition and bacterial counts of chilled pork during storage at 4 °C were unraveled by culture-dependent method and culture-independent method. Physical and chemical analyses including drip loss, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, and surface color were also performed to estimate its quality and shelf life. A total of 37 phyla, 575 genera and 843 species were identified in all samples by high-throughput sequencing technology during 10 days’ storage. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phylum. At the genus level, Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Pantoea spp., Brochothrix spp. and Raoultella spp. were the dominant genera with their average relative abundance above 5%. In addition, 12 species with average relative abundance more than 1% were found. These dominant bacteria were main pathogenic or spoilage bacteria, and seriously affected the quality of chilled meat. Based on the results of total viable counts (TVC), TVB-N level and sensory evaluation, the shelf life of chilled pork stored at 4 °C was no more than 3 days. Through the analyses of the TVC and the microbial community structure during the spoilage of chilled pork, the main microorganisms causing spoilage were revealed, which will guide significance for further control microbial quality of chilled pork. -
Pectinase halophyte complex extract protects hairless mice skin damaged by UV-irradiation Original Article
PARK, Ji Hyeon; SHIN, Jae Young; CHO, Byoung Ok; HAO, Suping; WANG, Feng; LIM, Yi Teak; SHIN, Da Jeong; JANG, Seon IlResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of collagen degradation by Pectinase-assisted Halophyte Complex Extract (PHCE) in hairless mice. Collagen expression in vitro was measured using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. After collecting mice skin in vivo, histological analysis was performed with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H & E) and trichrome stain. Molecular expression was measured by western blot analysis. In HaCaT cells, the collagen expression level was increased compared to the positive control group. Epidermal thickness inhibition and collagen expression levels were also increased in the skin of a hairless mouse model. Western blot analysis confirmed the increase in collagen and elastin by inhibiting phosphorylation of NF-κB and decreasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9). The skin protective effect of PHCE is considered to be due to inhibition of MMPs expression through inhibition of NF-κB activation. Therefore, PHCE can be considered as a candidate material as a food material that can improve skin damage caused by UV rays. -
Ivermectin induces mitophagy in H9c2 cells via activation of the PINK1/Parkin pathway Original Article
JIA, Yanmin; HAN, Baoxue; WANG, ReneResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Ivermectin (IVM), a remarkable broad-spectrum anthelmintic and insecticides, which also contributes to clinical application. However, IVM induction of cytotoxicity through mitophagy has not been consistently proven in vitro. Here we investigate the cytotoxic effects of ivermectin in mammalian nontarget cells. We have used cck-8 assay to evaluate the cell viability. The Fluorescence labeling was detected the occurrence of autophagy and mitophagy. The ATP bioluminescence detection kit was used to detect changes in intracellular ATP levels. In addition, the western blot assay was applied to reflect the expression of autophagy-related and mitophagy- related proteins. Cellular calcium concentration analysis was captured with a flow cytometer. We also used western blot to reveal expression of the lysosomal membrane protein Lamp2. The expression of lysosomal cathepsin mRNA was evaluated by RT-PCR. The cell viability was significantly diminished in H9c2 cells and the number of autophagosomes increases in a dose-dependent way, at the same time, LC3-II / I ratio was increased. We also found that the H9c2 cellular ATP level was decreased and observed the mPTP opening. The co-localization of mitochondria and lysosomes was detected, also, we found the concentration of Ca2+, the expression of Lamp 2 and mRNA expression levels of Cathepsin B and Cathepsin L significantly increased in a dose-dependent way in H9c2 cells. Finally, the results of expression of PINK1 and Parkin protein increased simultaneously in H9c2 cells. IVM induced mitophagy in H9c2 cells via PINK1/Parkin signaling. -
Pristimerin improve renal fibrosis by regulating miRNA-145-5p in vitro and vivo study Original Article
XIAO-MEI, Chen; JIN-YU, Zhang; YAN-LANG, Yang; YU-WEI, Wang; YUAN-YUAN, Yu; HAI-HONG, XuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Pristimerin (Pri) was a kind of extraction from natural plant, and it has anti- inflammation effects in previous studies, however, it has been unclear that Pri’s effect in renal fibrosis treatment. The purpose of this research was to evaluate pristimerin (Pri) treatment effects in renal fibrosis and relative mechanisms in vivo study. Using UUO and TGF-β1 to make renal fibrosis rats and HK-2 cell fibrosis model. Evaluating renal tissues pathological and fibrosis by HE and Masson staining; measuring Scr and BUN concentrations of serum, IL-1β, TNF-α, SOD and MDA concentrations by ELISA assay in serum and supernatant. Relative gene expressions were measured by RT-qPCR assay in renal tissues and cells and relative proteins expression by WB assay. Using Double luciferase assay to analysis correlation between miRNA-145-5p and TLR4. NF-κB(p65) nuclear volume were evaluated by cellular immunofluorescence. Scr, BUN, IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA concentrations were significantly increased and SOD concentration was significantly down-regulation (P < 0.001) in Model rats group; miRNA-145-5p gene expression was significantly depressed, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(p65) gene expressions were significantly increased (P < 0.001, respectively); with Pri supplement, the renal pathological, masson region, Scr, BUN, IL-1β, TNF-α, SOD and MDA were significantly improved. In cell experiment, miRNA-145-5p play important role in Pri treatment of renal fibrosis by targeting TLR4. Pri could improve renal fibrosis by via regulation miRNA-145-5p to target TLR4. -
Effect of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on proliferation of probiotics and its adhesion to colonic epithelial cells Original Article
LIU, Pan; LIU, Mo; LIU, Xiaogeng; XUE, Mei; JIANG, Qian; LEI, HongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on the proliferation and adhesion of probiotics would be investigated in the present study. Effects of ALA on intestinal flora were studied by animal fecal anaerobic fermentation system in vitro, which were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that treatment with ALA could promote the proliferation of probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria Enterococcus and E. coli. ALA restored the abnormal intestinal flora caused by high-fat diet, which was beneficial to the improvement of intestinal flora structure. In addition, adhesive characteristics of probiotics to epithelial colon cells NCM460 were detected by plate counting and Gram staining, which indicated that ALA promoted adhesion of probiotics to colonic cells. In conclusion, ALA could promote the proliferation and adhesion of intestinal probiotics, which provides a basis for ALA to exert the healthy activities of intestinal probiotics. -
Minerals, antinutrients content and the bioaccessibility of iron and zinc in cooked, spontaneously fermented-dried, and blanched-dried dark green leafy vegetables commonly consumed in Sub-Saharan Africa Original Article
MONGWAKETSE, Tiyapo; KRUGER, Johanita; LEWIES, Angelique; BAUMGARTNER, Jeannine; MATTHEUS SMUTS, CorneliusResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Iron and zinc deficiencies remain a significant problem in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at determining mineral, antinutrient contents of differently processed ALVs, and the bioaccessibility of iron and zinc from cooked, blanched-dried, as well as spontaneously fermented-dried ALVs. Mineral and antinutrient contents of ALVs were analysed and the bioaccessibility of iron and zinc from ALVs were analysed by in vitro dialysability assay. Iron, zinc, magnesium, and calcium contents of the ALVs were high. Compared to cooked vegetables, both spontaneously fermented-dried and blanched-dried vegetables had significantly lower levels of condensed tannins, while significantly lower total phenolic contents were found in blanched-dried vegetables. Compared to cooked counterparts, percentage iron and zinc bioaccessibilities in spontaneously fermented-dried and blanched-dried ALVs showed no significant (p > 0.05) differences except for iron in Ethiopian kale and zinc in amaranth. Based on data from this study, it is recommended that ALVS should be consumed concurrently with iron and zinc enhancers to enhance bioaccessibility. -
Influence of effective enteral nutrition support on delirium in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation Original Article
SONG, Lu; GONG, Qingmei; LI, Baoping; CAO, Jianghong; LI, Ximei; ZHU, Lili; SHI, DongwuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To evaluate the influence of effective enteral nutrition support on delirium in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation. 51 patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the nutrition support. Patients in the observation group received enteral nutritional support within 48h after mechanical ventilation. The mechanical ventilation time, duration of delirium, ICU length of hospital stay, lymphocyte number before and after the intervention, body weight, complications, and nutritional intervention time and nutritional standard time of patients in the two groups were evaluated and compared. There were 21 patients in control group, while 30 patients in observation group. The number of lymphocytes and body weight in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The complication rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The time of patients reaching the nutritional target in the observation group was significantly earlier than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The enteral nutritional support on ICU patients with mechanical ventilation is particularly effective, which effectively reduce the occurrence of delirium and other complications, thus improving the prognosis, which is of clinical application value. -
MiR-34c-3p targets Notch2 to inhibit cell invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma Original Article
JIANG, Chengchuan; ZHOU, Xiangqi; ZHU, Yuan; MAO, Yini; WANG, Ling; KUANG, Yuqing; SU, Ju; HUANG, Weiguo; TANG, SanyuanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study was to investigate role of miR-34c-3p/Notch2-EMT signal axis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). Ten samples of NPC tissues and chronic inflammatory tissues of nasopharynx (CITN) were collected. 133 differentially expressed miRNAs, including 31 down-regulated and 102 up-regulated were identified in NPC tissues. MiR-34c-3p was down-regulated and Notch2 was up-regulated in NPC tissues compared with CITN tissues. MiR-34c-3p was overexpressed in 6-10B cells after transfected with miR-34c-3p mimic, while reduced in 5-8F cells after transfected with miR-34c-3p inhibitor. Notch2 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-34c-3p. miR-34c-3p overexpression in 6-10B cells suppressed, while knockdown in 5-8F cells promoted cell invasion ability. In molecular level, the expression of E-cadherin was increased, while N-cadherin was decreased after miR-34c-3p overexpression in 6-10B cells. Knockdown of miR-34c-3p obviously decreased E-cadherin, but increased N-cadherin expression in 5-8F cells. Targeting Notch2 by miR-34c-3p might be a promising target for NPS treatment. -
Enzymatic hydrolysis of a colloidal system based on cape gooseberry Original Article
ERASO-GRISALES, Soany; CORTES-RODRÍGUEZ, Misael; CASTAÑO-PELÁEZ, Hader Iván; HURTADO-BENAVIDES, AndrésResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of the enzymatic process on the physicochemical stability of a colloidal system based on cape gooseberry pulp, skin, and seeds (CSCG). The pulp, seed, and skin mixture were homogenized by shearing in a rotor-stator system at 10,000 rpm. A completely randomized factorial design was used, considering the independent variables: Viscozyme® L enzyme concentration [Enzyme] (50, 125, and 200 ppm) and hydrolysis time (HT) (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes), and the dependent variables: viscosity (µ), zeta potential (ζ), particle size (percentiles D10, D50, and D90), spectral absorption index (R). Both independent variables had a significant impact on the process. [Enzyme] affected mainly μ, D50, D90, and R and HT affected μ and D10. The optimization of the formulation was performed under the criterion of obtaining a CSCG with higher physicochemical stability. The optimization showed desirability of 74.2% with [Enzyme] at 78.5 ppm and HT of 120 minutes. The dependent variables obtained experimentally were: µ = 371.3 ± 242 cP, ζ = -21.8 ± 0.3 mV, D10 = 3.5 ± 0.3 µm, D50 = 135 ± 3.6 µm, D90 = 565.7 ± 25.5 µm, and R = 0.655 ± 0.007. The integration of homogenization processes and enzymatic treatments contributed to obtaining a physicochemical stable colloidal system based on cape gooseberry pulp, skin, and seeds. -
Ganoderic Acid A suppresses the phenotypic modulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells through the inactivation of PI3K/Akt pathway in pulmonary arterial hypertension Original Article
MENG, Yan; NING, Qian; LIU, Ya; PANG, Yamei; REN, Hui; YANG, Tian; LI, Hong; LI, ShaojunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Ganoderic acid A (GAA) is one of the most abundant triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum and has protective effect on several vascular diseases. However, the effect of GAA on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the GAA on the hypoxia-induced phenotypic modulation of PASMCs and the involved transduction pathway. Primary rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were isolated and cultured under hypoxia condition to induce phenotypic modulation. Our results showed that hypoxia significantly increased the proliferation and migration of PASMCs, as well as inhibited the apoptosis of PASMCs, which were blocked by GAA treatment. In addition, hypoxia-induced dedifferentiation of PASMCs was prevented by GAA with increased the expression levels of myocardin and calponin, and decreased the expression of osteopontin (OPN). Furthermore, GAA suppressed the hypoxia-induced expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt in PASMCs. Treatment with IGF-1 reversed the effects of GAA on proliferation, migration, apoptosis and dedifferentiation in hypoxia-treated PASMCs. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that GAA suppresses the phenotypic modulation of PASMCs through the inactivation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Thus, GAA may be a potent therapeutic agent for PAH in future clinical practice. -
Utilization of Guazuma ulmifolia gum and sodium alginate to form protective beads of antioxidant peptides obtained from Phaseolus lunatus Original Article
BETANCUR-ANCONA, David; SANDOVAL-PERAZA, Mukthar; ARIAS-TRINIDAD, Aldo; GALLEGOS-TINTORÉ, Santiago; CASTAÑEDA-PÉREZ, Eduardo; CHEL-GUERRERO, LuisResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Effect of peptides obtained from Phaseolus lunatus L. where biological properties such as antioxidant activity have been found. In addition to improve this beneficial effect, the microencapsulation could be a way to protect the peptides against the environment to which they are exposed. Gums extracted from plant seeds are a potential option such as Guazuma ulmifolia, and its seeds gum exhibits promising properties as coating materials in encapsulation. Two peptide fractions from P. lunatus L. were encapsulated (>10 and <10 kDa) by ionic gelation using mixtures of G. ulmifolia gum and sodium alginate (GUG:SA). A 23 experimental design was used: GUG:SA ratios (A) (70:30 or 30:70); CaCl2 concentrations (B) (0.05 or 0.15 M); and hardening time (C). (10 or 30 min). Multiple variable response analysis with a desirability coefficient identified optimum conditions for each peptide fraction. Better results were obtained for >10 kDa peptide fraction at optimal conditions of A: 70:30, B: 0.05 and C: 10, obtaining irregular beads with a diameter of 5.85 mm2, Bead Encapsulation efficiency 42% and 31 and 42 mM TEAC for ABTS and DPPH respectively. These results shown that GUG:SA mixture is a viable encapsulation system for preserving antioxidant peptide fractions. -
Characterization of pigmented and non-pigmented flakes glutinous rice (ampiang) on chemical compositions, free fatty acids compositions, amino acids compositions, dietary fiber content, and antioxidant properties Original Article
AMRINOLA, Wiwit; SITANGGANG, Azis Boing; KUSNANDAR, Feri; BUDIJANTO, SlametResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of flakes rice made pigmented and non-pigmented glutinous rice grain on chemical composition, fatty acid, amino acid, dietary fiber, and antioxidant properties. Flakes glutinous rice (FGR) made glutinous rice grain that has been pre-roasted and then flattened. This product contains an endosperm and rice bran layer. So that, it is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds that have antioxidant properties that are beneficial to health. The process of making flakes rice is carried out in four stages, that is the process of soaking, roasting, flattening, and sifting process. The grain used in this study are pigmented (red and black) and non-pigmented glutinous rice grains. The results showed that black FGR contained higher ash content, crude protein, dietary fiber, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, γ-oryzanol, anthocyanins, and antioxidants activity. Meanwhile, white FGR is highest in fat, carbohydrate, and amylose content amongst others. Furthermore, FGR is rich in essential fatty acids (oleic and linoleic), glutamic acid, essential amino acids (Leucine, Arginine, and Phenylalanine). In conclusion, pigmented FGR has higher nutritional value, antioxidant properties, and antioxidants activity than non-pigmented FGR. -
Yiqi Huoxue Recipe alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by suppressing interleukin-17, nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and promoting SOX9/β-catenin pathway Original Article
MA, Zhijia; ZHOU, Jingwen; JIANG, Hong; YU, Pengfei; DAI, Feng; LIU, JintaoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to explore the effects of Yiqi Huoxue Recipe (YQHXF) on the pathological changes, Th-17 lymphocyte infiltration, nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis, and the expression of extracellular matrix related proteins in degenerative intervertebral disc of rats. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (Sham, Model, Low YQHXF, Medium YQHXF, and High YQHXF). In this paper, the annulus fibrosus was broken and arranged disorderly, nucleus pulposus cells apoptosis was increased, and the intervertebral discs were infiltrated by a large number of inflammatory cells in model group rats. However, YQHXF treatment group significantly attenuated these effects. Annulus fibrosus puncture caused increase in Th-17 lymphocyte infiltration and inflammatory factors in the model group, however, those effects were inhibited by YQHXF intervention. YQHXF treatment significantly reduced nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis, which was increased in the model group. The down-regulation of SOX-9 phosphorylation, type II collagen, BMP-2 and the up-regulation of β-catenin, MMP-3, MMP-13 and ADAMTS5 were found in the model group compared with sham group. However, those changes were significantly attenuated by YQHXF treatment. YQHXF could alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration in rats by reducing Th-17 lymphocyte infiltration, inhibiting nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and promoting SOX-9/β-catenin-mediated ECM synthesis -
Association of SIRT5 gene expression with meat quality traits in F1 generation of wild boar × kele pig Original Article
ZHANG, Xiong; ZHANG, Jing; WANG, Jing; ZHAO, Chunping; DU, Chunlin; SHI, KaizhiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aims of this study were to analyze the coding region sequence of the SIRT5 gene and to explore the association of SIRT5 gene expression with meat quality traits in the F1 generation of wild boar × Kele pigs (Yeke F1). In this study, two SNPs (g.5753 A > G, g.16916 A > G) were found in the CDS region of the SIRT5 that could affect meat quality. SIRT5 was an unstable hydrophilic protein with a highly conservative structure of the SIR2 functional domain. The expression of SIRT5 in subcutaneous fat was significantly higher than that of the longissimus dorsi muscle from Yeke F1 pigs (P < 0.01). The expression level of SIRT5 negatively correlated with meat color (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with the pH1 (P < 0.05) in longissimus dorsi muscle. Expression of SIRT5 was positively correlated with meat tenderness, muscle moisture, heptadecanoic acid, elmintic acid and methyl nervonate (P < 0.01); however, it was negatively correlated with intramuscular fat content, myristic acid, stearic acid and trans linoleic acid (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous fat. This study indicated that SIRT5 could be used as a candidate gene for regulating intramuscular fat content and flavor indexes of Yeke F1 pigs. -
Study on molecular mechanism of carbapenem- and colistin-resistance in Escherichia coli Original Article
Na, LV; JIA, Xiumei; YU, WeijuanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the drug resistance and molecular mechanism of carbapenem and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli(E.Coli) isolated from elderly patients and provide theoretical foundation for clinical anti-infective therapy. 1028 strains of E.coli isolated from our hospital were collected. Agar dilution method was used to screen E. coli resistant to carbapenem and colistin antibiotics. Broth microdilution method was performed to confirm drug susceptibility and detect susceptibility to 9 commonly used clinical antibiotics. Carbapenem and colistin resistant genes carried by the strains were detected by PCR; Strain ST type was detected by the MLST typing method. Four samples of carbapenem and colistin-resistant E.coli were obtained by drug sensitivity test, and all four strains were isolated from elderly patients. It is a multi-drug resistant phenotype resistant to quinolones, cephalosporins, carbapenem and colistin; PCR detection found that DC632 and DC796 carry blaNDM-1 and mcr-1, DC721 and DC838 carry blaTEM-1 and mcr-1; MLST typing detection found that DC632 and DC721 were ST2 type, DC796 and DC838 were ST44 and ST31, respectively. In conclusion, Four strains of carbapenem- and colistin-resistant E.coli were isolated in this study. Although the isolation rate is low, it is still necessary to raise the awareness of clinicians on the rational use of antibiotics. -
Research on consumers' perception of food risk based on LSTM sentiment classification Original Article
PINGZHEN, Wu; WENYONG, Wu; SHIHAI, YuanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract One of the most pressing challenges in people's life is food safety. While many people prefer to purchase meals online since the dawn of the Internet era, regulating food safety online confronts numerous obstacles. A set of food safety evaluation data on violations and dangers was generated by analyzing feedback data from third-party operating systems. A distributed long-term and short-term memory network model was proposed to estimate trader risk values, and a quick warning system for or network attractors was constructed to find the association between opinion data and the amount of online food dangers. Using LSTM-based group learning, this research provides a method for categorizing food safety papers (long-term and short-term memory). First, due to the high cost of human annotation, the food safety document set only comprises one layer of the sample, and food safety document classification based on such a set is a one-layer classification. We propose an automatic body expansion strategy based on a large number of unlabelled web news reports (documents unrelated to food safety) and a binary-based food safety document collection. Select an LSTM-based group learning algorithm for document classification. Food safety documents can be automatically detected from high-performance websites using document classification algorithms based on LSTM-based group learning algorithms. -
Circrna ABCB10 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by affecting emt signaling pathway in cervical cancer Original Article
BEN, Wei; ZHANG, Guangmei; ZHAO, Lu; LIANG, TianResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Recently, many emerging circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been studied in human malignancies including cervical cancer and are involved in tumor development and oncogenesis. Here, we found that circABCB10 was higher in 58 cervical cancer tissue sample than that in the adjacent normal tissues. Higher circABCB10 expression significantly associated with advanced the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and greater lymphatic invasion, and worse survival time in cervical cancer patients. Function assays showed that circABCB10 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion capacities. Moreover, we demonstrated that inhibition of circABCB10 upregulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins E-cadherin expression and downregulated the Vimentin expression, which suggested that affected EMT signaling pathway in cervical cancer. Thus, the circABCB10 may contribute to the development of cervical cancer by affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling pathways. -
An analytical study to determine prohibited anabolic residues in red meat tissue using LC-MS/MS system Original Article
NAZLI, Bülent; OLGUN, Elmas Oktem; ÇAKIR, Bilal; DEMIRCI, MehmetResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Hormones used for various purposes in animal breeding are not only important for animal health but also human health and thus meat and meat products need to be checked frequently for hormone residues. As the methods of detecting hormone residues in food samples are difficult and time-consuming, the present study was conducted with the aim of fast and practical determination of prohibited anabolic agents in red meat using LC MS-MS system. For this purpose, the QuEChERS method, which is widely used in pesticide and veterinary drug residue analysis was performed as below. Accordingly, (i) more polar solvent (Acetonitrile) was used in the sample preparation step and (ii) dispersive solid-phase solution was used instead of the solid phase extraction solution in the solution cleaning step. Furthermore, (iii) different groups were injected together in a single injection to analyze different types of anabolic substances with LC-MS/MS in the multi-component analysis phase. After the validation and determination of measurement uncertainty, 20 commercially available red meat tissues were analyzed, and the findings were compared to the literature. It was concluded that the applied method was found to be fast and reliable in the detection of prohibited anabolic agents in red meat tissue. -
Acute toxicity and anti-hyperglycemic activities of pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) peel extracts in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam Original Article
TRAN, Truc Thanh; NGUYEN, Nguyen Hong Khoi; TRAN, Mai Tuyet; NGUYEN, Tuan Trong; LE, Truong DangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the total flavonoid content (TFC), vitamin C content, and the anti-hyperglycemic activities of pomelo peel extract (PPE) from the flavedo and albedo of two pomelo cultivars namely Long Co Co and Thanh Kieu in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Thanh Kieu PPE possessed the highest TFC of 11.18 ± 0.14 mg/100 g from the albedo while the highest vitamin C content was found in its flavedo (47.74 ± 0.34 mg/100 g). PPE from the flavedo induced the mortality after 3-4 h of oral administration at a dosage of 5000 mg/kg. In the contrast, PPE from the albedo was considered a non-toxic extract. Albedo PPE from two cultivars was observed to attenuate the blood glucose level of alloxan-hyperglycemia induced mice (from roughly 350 mg/dL to 150 mg/dL) and there was no significant difference in the anti-hyperglycemic efficacy between albedo PPE and chemical drug (Glucophage). This finding showed potential in developing new functional food products or pharmaceutical alternatives from pomelo peels (an agro-waste) for anti-hyperglycemia. -
Characterization and antimicrobial efficacy of active biocomposite containing polylactic acid, oregano essential oil and nisin for pork storage Original Article
PABON, Karen Sofía MUÑOZ; APONTE, Alfredo Adolfo AYALA; DUQUE, José Fernando SOLANILLA; VILLADA, Héctor SamuelResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Traditional packaging made from non-renewable compounds such as petroleum has a negative impact on the environment, which has led to a growing body of research on biodegradable packaging. This paper details the characterization of a biocomposite which was made from cassava bran, coffee husk, and water (BCCW). After this, a layer of polylactic acid (PLA) was added, mixed with nisaplin 1000UI, and 8, 10, 12% concentrations of oregano (Origanum vulgare L) essential oil (OVEO) in order to create an active biocomposite (AB) which could be used as an antimicrobial material in the packaging of pork. In vitro inhibitory effects were evaluated against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. After obtaining the active biocomposite, the characterization was performed by means of Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Water Vapor Permeability (WVP), a Mechanical Property analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Using the concentration with the highest inhibition against pathogenic bacteria, antimicrobial tests were carried out after the application of the AB in pork meat for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 days. Inhibition tests against pathogenic bacteria showed that nisin had a greater effect on Gram positive bacteria, while OVEO had an effect on both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. FT-IR analysis allowed for the characterization of the molecular interactions of OVEO and nisin in the matrix compounds of the different biocomposites by identifying and interpreting their respective vibration bands. According to the statistical analysis, the different concentrations of the biocomposites affect WVP (p <0.05). BCCW showed the highest permeability to water vapor, whereas the other treatments did not show significant differences. The mechanical properties test of the AB showed that the different treatments had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the maximum flexural strength and flexural modulus. These values decreased with the application of the PLA layer, the concentrations of the biocomposites did not have a significant maximum deformation effect (p> 0.05). The DSC test on the ABs showed two melting peaks and an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PLA, a finding that indicates greater thermal stability in the ABs. SEM images revealed that the nisaplin and OVEO particles were uniformly distributed in the PLA polymer matrix on the surface of the ABs. The ABs showed a significant reduction in Listeria monocytogenes in pork as of day 3 and in the other pathogens as of the 10th day. The biocomposite containing OVEO and nisaplin, showed good potential to be used to food packaging. -
Anti-inflammatory effects of two lupane-type triterpenes from leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus on LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages Original Article
LUO, Jiao; LI, Xiao-jun; LEE, Geon-ho; HUANG, Jian-jun; WHANG, Wan-kyunn; ZHANG, Xiao-dan; YOOK, Chang-soo; LIU, Xiang-qianResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W.Smith (AGS) is an traditional Chinese medicine and its leaves that have rich biological activities has been long used as a fresh vegetable in Chinese folk. There are two lupane-type triterpenoids, 3α,11α-dihydroxy-23-oxo-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (1) and 3α,11α,23-trihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (2), were isolated as the active constituents from leaves of AGS. However, the anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanisms of 1 and 2 on LPS-induced RAW264.7 Macrophages have not been evaluated. In this study, the results shown that compounds 1 and 2 reduced the levels of early pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, the secretion of late pro-inflammatory cytokine HMGB1, as well as the activation of transcription factor NF-κB in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by LPS. In conclusion, two lupane-type triterpenes (1 and 2) have anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells through inhibiting expression of proinflammatory cytokines and NF‐κB activation and could be potentially used in treatment of inflammatory-related diseases in the future. -
Bioactivity evaluation and phytochemical screening of Euphorbia helioscopia and Rumex dentatus Original Article
MEHMOOD, Shomaila; SYED, Fatima; KHAN, Muhammad Issa; AADIL, Rana MuhammadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Euphorbia helioscopia and Rumex dentatus are two essential medicinal plants that are widely used in traditional medicines against various illnesses. The present research was focused to confirm and validate the antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activities of both plants. The antimicrobial activities were investigated against different bacterial and fungal strains. The in vitro antioxidant activities were confirmed against DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide free radicals using ascorbic acid (Vc) as a standard. The results indicated that the increase in percentage scavenging activity is due to the increase in concentration of both plant extracts from 50-500 µg/mL. Moreover, the percentage tumor inhibition of both plant extracts was confirmed by potato disc method using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a negative control. The higher percentage of tumor inhibition was observed for water and ethanolic extract in case of E. helioscopia and R. dentatus, respectively. -
Study on cross-border fresh order and transport model based on profit maximization principle Original Article
ABDELBASSET, Walid Kamal; ELSAYED, Shereen HamedResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This research focuses on the delivery of fresh fruits and veggies via a third-party carrier. Despite the fact that the major concern is transportation, a different fitness function was presented to maximize the transporter's revenues by taking into account specific constraints. The major goal of this study is to figure out how much vegetables and fruit should be bought in order to transport them to various locations at the highest potential profit. Traditional problem-solving techniques are used to address the issue. Furthermore, the simplex approach used allows for the identification of restrictions and the determination of the best solution to the issue that meets transportation needs while also generating the most profit. Overall, the findings show that the greatest profit that can be made in a single trip is $1,840.00, fulfilling three distinct firms' requirements. Research has discussed several ways to solve maximization and transport problems. Nevertheless, this research views them as two separate elements since the transportation method is normally used for minimization. Hence, both this method and the simplex method are coupled to maximize resources. -
Red pitanga chewable candies: physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characterization Original Article
PINTANELA VERGARA, Lisiane; NIEMEYER REISSIG, Gabriela; ZAMBIAZI, Rui Carlos; DA SILVA RODRIGUES, Rosane; FREITAS CHIM, JosianeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The use of red pitanga pulp in the manufacture of candies is an alternative to the use of artificial colors and flavorings. This study aimed to evaluate the content of potentially bioactive compounds, microbiological quality, and sensory characteristics of conventional and low-calorie chewable candies formulated with red pitanga pulp and stored for 180 days under environmental conditions. Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses were performed. The storage of these products for 180 days influenced the contents of phenolic compounds and monomeric anthocyanins. Antioxidant activity was null at the end of the storage period. Conventional candy had the highest content of bioactive compounds. Contamination by thermotolerant coliforms and Salmonella spp. was not observed. Sensory evaluation showed an acceptability index greater than 70%, indicating that the products in this study have good potential for consumption and insertion in the market. -
Comparative efficacy of sodium lactate and Natamycin against discoloration and spoilage of fresh beef during chilled storage Original Article
WANG, Xinhui; DING, Yue; TIAN, Tian; LIU, YangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Comparative efficacy of sodium lactate and Natamycin as preservative against discoloration and spoilage of fresh beef stored at 4 °C were evaluated. Fresh beef was treated with 3 g/L sodium lactate and Natamycin, respectively, and sterilized physiological saline was used as negative control. The spoilage of beef samples was monitored by pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), discoloration, sensory analysis and bacterial quality which were determined by culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses. The acceptable shelf life of fresh beef treated by sodium lactate and Natamycin reached 6 days and 4 days, respectively. Whereas, the control sample was acceptable for 3 days. The two kinds of preservative were conducive to hygiene levels improvement. Lactobacillus spp. and Weissella spp. sharply displaced the Ralstoni spp. with high potential spoilage and became the predominant bacteria, and the proliferation of Serratia spp. as the representatives’ genus of psychrotrophic Enterobacteriaceae were completely controlled in the preservative treated samples. Sodium lactate displayed a remarkable efficacy against discoloration and spoilage of chilled beef, resulting in shelf life extension by 3-4 days. Natamycin has a remarkable antibacterial efficacy but a little efficacy against discoloration. Thus, sodium lactate is more suitable for freshness promotion of chilled beef. -
Application of minocycline in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection allergic to penicillin Original Article
ZHANG, Lingyun; LAN, Yu; WANG, Qi; SI, Xiaobei; ZHANG, YuexiaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To observe the eradication rate, safety and compliance of bismuth quadruple therapies based on minocycline in the newly diagnosed patients with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. We selected 150 penicillin allergic patients for the initial treatment of Hp infection treated in Beijing Jishuitan hospital from January 2018 to February 2019. Subsequently, the patients were randomly selected into the minocycline and metronidazole-containing group (RMMB) and minocycline and levofloxacin-containing group (RMLB). The total course of treatment is 14 days. Follow-up clinical manifestations 3 to 5 days after treatment. The 13C urea breath test was performed 4 to 12 weeks to confirm the eradication of Hp. There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups (p>0.05). According to ITT analysis, the eradication rates of RMMB group and RMLB group were 80.3% (61/76) and 89.2% (66/74), respectively (χ2=2.301, p=0.129). According to PP analysis, the eradication rates of the RMMB group and the RMLB group were 83.6% (61/73) and 90.4% (66/73), respectively (χ2=1.513, p=0.21). The overall incidences of adverse events were 47.4% and 38.8% in the RMMB and RMLB groups, respectively (p=0.924). In patients with penicillin allergy, the eradication rate of minocycline-based bismuth quadruple therapies is ideal and the side effects are few. It is recommended for the eradication treatment of Hp-infected patients with penicillin allergy. -
Three-N-butyphthalide alleviates early brain injury caused via subarachnoid hemorrhage via activating the LKB-1/ (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathway Original Article
ZHANG, XinNa; GUO, DongMei; ZHANG, Xin; ZHANG, WenHui; WANG, Tao; ZHANG, LeiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The influences of 3-N-butyphthalide (NBP) on early brain injury (EBI) induced via mild subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and its mechanism were explored. Establishment of SAH model was via autologous blood injection. The protection of NBP on EBI in SAH model mice was evaluated. Determination of neuronal apoptosis was conducted. Detection of blood brain barrier (BBB), ZO-1, claudin-5, occludin and MMP-9 was manifested. The effects of NBP on oxidative stress, inflammation, and the SIRT1/NF-κB and the LKB-1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways were investigated. NBP could alleviate neurological deficits and BBB dysfunction, repress cerebral edema and mitigate brain histomorphology. NBP repressed apoptosis in brain tissues, oxidative stress, inflammation, NF-κB activity but facilitated SIRT1. Finally, NBP activated the LKB-1/AMPK pathway. NBP may lighten BBB dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis after SAH via activating the LKB-1/AMPK pathway, thereby mitigating EBI. -
Curcumin played an anti-cancer role in colorectal cancer via mediating circ_KIAA1199-related regulatory axis Original Article
SUN, Xue-Feng; LI, Liang; LIU, Yan-BingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Curcumin has been found to have anti-cancer role in many cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is not clear whether curcumin can be involved in CRC progression by mediating the circRNA regulatory axis. Curcumin inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells. Circ_KIAA1199 was an upregulated circRNA in CRC, and its overexpression could reverse the negative regulation of curcumin on CRC progression. MiR-433-3p was found to be sponged by circ_KIAA1199, and its mimic abolished the regulation of circ_KIAA1199 overexpression on the progression of curcumin-treated CRC cells. ADAM10 was a target of miR-433-3p and its expression was regulated by circ_KIAA1199 and curcumin. The suppressive effect of miR-433-3p inhibitor on the progression of curcumin-treated CRC cells could be reversed by ADAM10 silencing. Also, curcumin reduced CRC tumor growth by regulating the circ_KIAA1199/miR-433-3p/ADAM10 axis in vivo. Our data showed that curcumin could restrain CRC progression, which was achieved through the circ_KIAA1199/miR-433-3p/ADAM10 pathway. -
The effect of press temperature on the total tocopherols, sterol, fatty acid, phenolic profile, in-vitro cytotoxicity assay, and anti-inflammatory activity Original Article
BASDOGAN, Hakan; AKMAN, Perihan Kübra; YILDIRIM, Rusen Metin; SAGDIC, Osman; GECGEL, Umit; TEKIN-CAKMAK, Zeynep Hazal; KARASU, SalihResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of press temperature on physicochemical properties, fatty acid, sterol, phenolic composition, in-vitro cytotoxicity assay, and anti-inflammatory activity of pumpkin seed oil. For this aim, the oils obtained at 100 °C (PSO2) and 150 °C (PSO3) press temperature were compared with the cold press oil (PSO1). The application of press temperature at 150 °C caused a significant decrease in the amount of sterol, while the press application at 100 °C did not cause a significant change in the sterol composition. Total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity values, and individual phenolic content of PSO2 and PSO3 samples were significantly lower than those of PSO1. 30 mg/mL of PSO1, PSO2, and PSO3 samples exhibited a cytotoxic effect on the cells with an inhibition ratio of 75%, 48%, and 39%, respectively, indicating that press temperature reduced the cytotoxic effect of pumpkin seed oil. PSO1 showed anti-inflammatory activity ranged from 79% to 59%, while at the same concentrations PSO2 and PSO3 exhibited approximately from 58% to 49%. This study indicated that the bioactive properties of the cold press oil could be negatively affected by higher press temperature. -
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy complicated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Original Article
LI, Jie; LI, Zengyan; YU, Limin; SU, JingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To study the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy complicated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Clinical data of 84 pregnant women complicated with SLE were collected. All patients were divided into the different groups based on the pregestational status of SLE, SLE status during pregnancy and the type of medicine administration respectively. The incidence rates of pregnancy loss and preterm labor in the pregestational and gestational stable SLE groups were significantly lower and the incidence rate of full-term labor was considerably higher than those in the active SLE groups. In the pregestational stable SLE group, the incidence of PIH was significantly lower than that in the active SLE group. The incidence of PIH and FGR in the gestational active SLE group was dramatically higher than that in the gestational stable SLE group. Among 84 women, 56 (66.7%) received cesarean section, 18 (21.4%) vaginal delivery and 10 (11.9%) labor induction. The status of SLE is intimately correlated with maternal and neonatal outcomes. PIH is a major complication of active SLE and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. SLE can cause congenital fetal injury, especially congenital heart block. -
Effect of modified starch and gelatin by-product based edible coating on the postharvest quality and shelf life of guava fruits Original Article
MOREIRA, Edinilda de Souza; SILVA, Normane Mirele Chaves da; BRANDÃO, Milton Ricardo Silveira; SANTOS, Herlândia Cotrim; FERREIRA, Tânia Aparecida Pinto de CastroResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To improve storability and to maintain the qualitative characteristics of guava fruit, by an intelligent and sustainable approach, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental treatments were guavas with an edible coating based on modified starch and a gelatin by-product (T1), supplemented with peppermint essential oil at three different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) (T2, T3, and T4), and a control (TC) consisting of guava without coating. All treatments were stored until 15 days at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C), and characteristics were measured every 3 days. The results were analyzed by regression analysis and Tukey’s post hoc test, p ≤ 0.05). The application of a modified-starch based coating and gelatin by-product, with or without peppermint essential oil, was efficient at prolonging the shelf-life of fruit to 15 days after harvest and a little ripening related to the concentration of added peppermint oil. Considering the physicochemical aspects, the best treatment was T1 and considering the microbiological aspects, the best treatments were T3 and T4. -
Sensory profile of fermented milk drink with yellow mombin (Spondiasmobin L.) and the addition of (Crotonblanchetianus Baill) essential oil Original Article
DOS SANTOS, Daiane Gonçalves; BELTRÃO FILHO, Edvaldo Mesquita; DA CRUZ, George Rodrigo Beltrão; DE LIMA, Aécio Melo; QUIRINO, Max Rocha; DE SOUSA, Solange; RIBEIRO, Neila LidianyResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the influence of Crotonblanchetianus Baill essential oil on the sensory parameters of fermented milk drinks with yellow mombin pulp. The milk drinks analyzed contained milk and whey from goat origin, water-soluble soy extract, yellow mombin pulp, and Crotonblanchetianus Baill essential oil (CBEO) in the following proportions: 0.0, 0.0035; 0.0070, and 0.0105 g/L according to the Artemia salina toxicity test. The extraction of essential oil from the Crotonblanchetianus Baill leaves was carried out using hydrodistillation by steam. The sensory profile of the fermented milk drink was obtained through Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. The CBEO influenced the color of yellow mombin, brightness, viscosity, woody flavor, appearance, and flavor attributes. The samples were also approved in the acceptance test, with no statistical difference between treatments. Therefore, it was concluded that the addition of CBEO promoted changes in the sensory characteristics of the fermented milk drink with yellow mombin pulp for the appearance and flavor attributes. However, it did not negatively influence the acceptance of the analyzed product. -
Antioxidative and digestive enzymes inhibitory activities of 27 edible plants Original Article
LI, Ying; YANG, Dan; CHEN, Bo; CAO, Hai-Yan; ZHANG, Qing-FengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The contents of total phenol and flavonoid of 27 edible plants as well as their antioxidative and digestive enzymes inhibitory activities were evaluated. The total phenol content of the 27 plants ranged from 1.28-46.80 mg gallic acid equivalent/g. DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assay explored that Rubus idaeus Linn, Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. and Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. exhibited stronger antioxidant capacity among the 27 plants. 4 plants showed inhibitory percentage more than 50% on pancreatic lipase. 10 plants showed inhibitory percentage more than 50% on α-glucosidase. 3 plants simultaneously possess significant inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase, which were Alpinia officinarum Hance, Ginkgo biloba Linn. leaves and Vitis vinifera Linn. Seeds. Strong positive correlation between total phenol content and antioxidative capacity were found. However, digestive enzymes inhibitory activity was less correlated with total phenol and total flavonoids content. -
Serum level of miR-217 predicts prognostic outcome for osteosarcoma patients in China Original Article
ZHANG, Lei; CHEN, Bofeng; GUAN, Peishan; ZHANG, ZhengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of miR-217 in osteosarcoma and adjacent tissues, and its relationship with clinical features, and thus provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma. Sixty patients with osteosarcoma who underwent radical osteosarcoma resection in our hospital in China from January to December 2015 were selected. Real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-217 in osteosarcoma and parasarcoma tissues. Its correlation with clinical data and prognosis of patients was analyzed. Our results showed that the average expression level of miR-217 in osteosarcoma tissues (2.94 ± 0.79) was higher than that of parasarcoma tissues (2.14 ± 0.66) (P <0.05). The difference between the expression level of miR-217 in osteosarcoma tissue and pathological grade (P = 0.034) and clinical stage (P = 0.007) was statistically significant. Cox multivariate analysis showed that clinical stage (HR = 4.135, 95% CI = 1.682-6.236) and miR-217 (HR = 3.764, 95% CI = 1.572-5.921) are independent risk factors that affect the prognosis of osteosarcoma (P < 0.05). In conclusion, miR-217 plays a key regulatory role in the occurrence and progression of osteosarcoma. Serum miR-217 levels can predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. -
Compositional characteristics and antibacterial activity of essential oils in citrus hybrid peels Original Article
SHIN, Seon-Dae; KIM, Cheong-Song; LEE, Je-HyukResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), Hallabong [(C. unshiu Marc. × C. sinensis Osb.)×(C. reticulata Blanco)], Cheonhyehyang [((C. unshiu×C. sinensis)×C. reticulata)×(C. reticulate×C. sinensis)], and Redhyang (citrus hybrid 'Kanpei), which are citrus hybrids, are mostly consumed in Korea. The flavor of citrus peel depends on the composition and content of volatile essential oils. Limonene, γ-terpinene, β-myrcene, linalool, ocimene, octanal, and sabinene were found to be the main components in Satsuma mandarin, Hallabong, Cheonhyehyang, Redhyang, and orange (C. sinensis Osb.) peel essential oils. Limonene was the main component (82.05–91.84%) of all citrus peel essential oils. γ-Terpinene was present in a particularly high content (8.09%) in the essential oil of Satsuma mandarin peel. Linalool was found in the highest proportion (4.39%) in the essential oil of Cheonhyehyang peels. β-Ocymene had the highest concentration (6.50%) in Redhyang peel essential oil. Citrus peel essential oils showed slight antibacterial activity against Salmonella choleraesuis (S. choleraesuis), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Cheonhyehyang peel essential oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against all foodborne pathogens. Additionally, B. cereus was the most sensitive, and S. aureus was the most resistant to the Cheonhyehyang peel essential oil. -
Employing artificial neural networks and fluorescence spectrum for food vegetable oils identification Original Article
PRANOTO, Wawan Joko; AL-SHAWI, Sarmad Ghazi; CHETTHAMRONGCHAI, Paitoon; CHEN, Tzu-Chia; PETUKHOVA, Ekaterina; NIKOLAEVA, Natalia; ABDELBASSET, Walid Kamal; YUSHCHENKО, Natalya Anatolyevna; ARAVINDHAN, SurendarResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Vegetable oils (VOs) come in a wide range of flavors and trademarks. VOs are very similar in appearance, flavor, and taste, and it's frequently difficult to tell them from just by looking at them. Approaches for classifying these oils are sometimes expensive and time-intensive, and they frequently include analytical chemical techniques as well as mathematical algorithms like as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Properties of Partial Least Squares (PLS), Principal Components Regression (PCR), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to enhance their effectiveness. Because of the large range of goods available, more productive techniques for qualifying, characterizing, and classifying these substances are required, as the ultimate cost should indicate the quality of the commodity that reaches the user. This study provides a technique for classifying VOs such as different manufacturers' soybean, corn, sunflower, and canola. This method utilized a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) array sensor, a light emission diode, and a straightforward mathematical approach to capture the generated fluorescence spectrum (FS) in diluted oil. The spectrum classifications are performed using an ANN with three layers, each having four neurons. The approach can categorize VO and enables rapid network training with a 72% success rate utilizing only a few mathematical changes in the spectra data. -
Infrared radiation peeling experiment of yellow peach and optimization of technological parameters Original Article
DING, Tianhang; SONG, Weidong; WANG, Jiaoling; WU, Jinji; WANG, Mingyou; ZHOU, DehuanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Conventional strong alkali spray peeling method for peeling yellow peach resulted in process hazard and negative environmental impacts. The efficacy of using infrared (IR) heating as an alternative method for peach peel removal was investigated to improve the operation safety and peeling quality. Herein, we introduce the Box-Behnken central combination method for conducting IR radiation tests. A multivariate regression model combining radiation distance, heating time and IR power as variable factors and surface temperature, full peeling time and firmness loss of yellow peach as the objective functions was developed to establish the optimal IR radiation parameters for peeling the skin of yellow peach. We found radiation distance of 76.18mm, heating time of 256.36 s, and IR power was 1000 w were the optimal conditions for this process. These conditions achieved surface temperature of 211.7 °C, firmness loss of 3.8 × 105 Pa, and full peeling time of 149.6 s. Thus, IR radiation is a feasible mechanism for peeling yellow peach, providing a new, safer and quality method for industrial processing of the fruit. -
Hydration, microstructural characteristics and rheological properties of wheat dough enriched with zinc gluconate and resistant starch Original Article
QIN, Yueqi; GAO, Haiyan; ZENG, Jie; LIU, Yufen; DAI, YunfeiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this work was to study the effect of zinc (Zn) gluconate-resistant potato starch type 2 (RS2) systems on hydration and rheological properties of wheat flour dough. Wheat flour, Zn with a content from 0.16 mg% to 0.32 mg% (flour basis), and enriched RS2 at levels of 10 g% to 30 g% (flour basis) were used. Hydration, rheological properties and microstructural characteristics of wheat flour dough were analyzed. The results showed that the dough stability time decreased with increasing RS2. When the RS2 content was less than 25 g%, the stability time was significantly higher than that of the control group. RS2 and Zn could improve the tensile strength and thermal stability of the dough but reduced the quality of protein and mechanical resistance of the dough. Zn could increase the hardness, adhesiveness and springiness of the dough, while RS2 had a negative effect on the springiness of the dough. The RS2-Zn system reduced the water absorption, moisture content and molecular mobility of the dough, and damaged the microstructure of the dough to varying degrees. The addition of RS2 (10 g%) and Zn (0.24 mg%) could render a dough with satisfactory rheological properties, hydration and microstructural characteristics. -
Application of dehydration technologies as a tool to foster bioeconomics and fruit consumption in rural populations in South America Original Article
OLIVEIRA, Vinícius Soares de; DONADON, Juliana Rodrigues; GUIMARÃES, Rita de Cássia Avellaneda; HIANE, Priscila AikoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Strengthening the use and improvement of species native to South America may lead to the development of new food products with high nutritional potential, in addition to contributing to disease prevention, thus meeting the varied demands of consumption. The focus of this strategy is especially on native plant species and/or introduced species, but which have become very popular for presenting edible fruits appreciated for their characteristic flavor and aroma. In addition, the pulp of such fruits has antioxidant potential, which makes it possible to call them functional foods. However, perishability and seasonality hinder production on a larger scale, and it is necessary to explore conservation alternatives to make the fruit pulp available all year round. Studies have shown the use of conventional technologies and emerging and promising technologies for the preservation of the organoleptic characteristics of fruits. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of each conservation technique are discussed in view of the variety of fruits found in different regions of the world and especially in South American countries. -
The effect of refined nursing applied in the nursing room of thoracoscopic lung cancer radical operation in Southwestern China Original Article
HU, Caihong; ZHAO, Changming; LAI, Ping; WANG, Xiaofang; LIANG, ZhengboResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The purpose of this study is to apply refined nursing in the operation room of thoracoscopic lung cancer radical surgery in southwestern China ** hospital through refined nursing. Patients in the control group were given routine nursing care, and patients in the experimental group were given refined nursing care. The intraoperative blood loss, extubation time, length of stay, and total nursing satisfaction rate were compared between the two groups of patients The intraoperative blood loss of the patients in the experimental group was 192.94 ± 3.63 mL, and the hospital stay was 10.08 ± 1.64 days, which were lower than those in the control group (221.46 ± 4.31 mL and 16.62 ± 1.83 days, respectively), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in extubation time between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05). The complications in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and the overall nursing satisfaction rate was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Refined nursing applied to the operation room of thoracoscopic lung cancer radical surgery surgery can reduce the intraoperative bleeding volume and complications of patients, shorten the length of hospitalization of patients, improve the patient's nursing satisfaction, and is worthy of clinical application. -
Dermatoglyphic characteristics of Chinese professional table tennis players Original Article
TAI, Feng; ZHENG, Chao; ZHANG, Ye; GAO, Yilun; DENG, XinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To perform dermatoglyphics analysis and to explore the possible relationships between dermatoglyphic characteristics and sports level of Chinese table tennis players. A total of 92 Chinese professional table tennis players were recruited and divided into ordinary group and excellent group according to their levels. Their dermatoglyphic patterns on the palms and fingers were collected and statistically analyzed. Our results showed that the data revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the ordinary group and the excellent group in terms of atd angle, thenar eminence, total number of a-b ridges and double loop whorl, while no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in concentric whorl, arch pattern and loop pattern. In conclusion, these findings may provide experimental evidence for the application of dermatoglyphic analysis as a tool for future selection of elite table tennis players. -
Effects of melatonin treatment on the physiological quality and cell wall metabolites in kiwifruit Original Article
CAO, Sen; QU, Guangfan; MA, Chao; BA, Liangjie; JI, Ning; MENG, Lingshuai; LEI, Jiqing; WANG, RuiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract We investigated the effects of melatonin (MT) treatment on the physiological quality and cell wall metabolism of kiwifruit during a 12-day shelf life period (20 ± 1 °C, 90 ± 5% RH), after 90 days of cold storage (0 ± 0.5 °C, 90 ± 5% RH). Our results showed that MT treatment delayed kiwifruit softening, as evidence by the enhanced endurance of a healthy appearance, quality, color difference L* value, and firmness of the fruit flesh. MT treatment reduced fruit decay rate, respiration rate, and malondialdehyde content; furthermore, MT-treated kiwifruit maintained high levels of total soluble solids, titratable acid, and ascorbic acid. Additionally, MT inhibited the decrease in fruit pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents; it delayed the increase in water-soluble pectin content and kept pectin methyl esterase, polygalacturonase, cellulase, and β-galactosidase activities low. These results indicated that melatonin may have reduced the speed of softening of kiwifruit and preserved fruit quality by inhibiting enzymatic degradation of the cell wall, and by delaying pro-pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose degradation, as well as the increase of water-soluble pectin content. These findings indicate that MT treatment may be an effective measure to delay kiwifruit postharvest cell-wall metabolism and preserve fruit quality. -
Preparation of fat substitute based on the high-methoxyl pectin of citrus and application in moon-cake skin Original Article
XU, Xinyu; ZHANG, Huimin; LI, Lin; SUN, Lilan; JIA, Bin; YANG, Hujun; ZUO, FengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The high-methoxyl pectin of citrus was used to prepare a fat substitute and applied to the processing technology of moon-cake skin. The physical, chemical, and sensory properties of fat substitutes and prepared moon-cake skins were studied by selecting texture properties, rheological properties, water distribution, and water-holding capacity. Results showed that the gel hardness of glucan–sucrose (G-SG) (glucan/sucrose = 4:6) as synergistic gel was 6.23 ± 0.10 N, the elasticity was 3.97 ± 0.03 mm, the adhesive viscosity was 4.87 ± 0.20 N, the chewiness was 16.87 ± 0.51 mj, the water-holding capacity was 98.33%, and the gel obtained from sucrose (SG) as gelation agent had no significant difference (P > 0.05). The consistency coefficient and thixotropic circle area of G-SG was larger than that of SG. Through dynamic viscoelastic scanning, we found that the tanδ of G-SG was smaller, and it had stronger hydrophobic interaction and stronger fluid properties after high-speed shear. It also more easily maintained a flow state similar to oil. G-SG was further applied to the processing technology of low-fat moon-cake skin. The color of the prepared low-fat moon-cake skin darkened, the water-holding capacity was enhanced, the fat content decreased from 22.21% ± 0.54% to 14.07% ± 0.57%, the oil droplets enlarged, and flocculation strengthened. Results of texture-characteristic and sensory-score analyses showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) from the control group when the oil substitution amount was 40%. At this time, the total sensory score was 41.71 ± 2.02. -
The effects of Pinoresinol diglucoside on the differentiation and bone resorption of osteoclast RAW264.7 Original Article
JIN, Zhefeng; LI, Hongtao; BI, Fangshan; CAO, HongmeiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The paper aimed to investigate the effect of Pinoresinol diglucoside on the differentiation and bone resorption of osteoclast RAW264.7, and to evaluate the effect of Pinoresinol diglucoside on osteoclasts. In order to study the effect of Pinoresinol diglucoside on osteoclast differentiation, RANKL was used to induce RAW264.7 cells to differentiate into osteoclasts, and different concentrations of Pinoresinol diglucoside was added to intervene. CCK-8 method was applied to detect cell viability. TRAP staining was employed to observe cell morphology. Annexin V/PI flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Phalloidin was used to detect F-actin formation of osteoclasts and to observe the effect on bone resorption. WB was employed to detect the effects of differentiation-related proteins and RANKL/RANK signaling pathways, and immunofluorescence detection technology was used to measure the distribution and nuclear translocation of p65. Pinoresinol diglucoside can effectively inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, especially in the early stage. The drug can inhibit the formation of F-actin of osteoclasts and inhibit bone resorption. Through inhibiting the ubiquitination and degradation of the homologous phosphatase tensin (PTEN), the drug up-regulated the viability of PTEN. The up-regulated PTEN viability then inhibited the NF-κB and AKT signaling pathways, resulting in a decrease in the expressions of nuclear factor c1 (NFATc1) in activated T cells. Pinoresinol diglucoside effectively inhibited the formation of F-actin and bone resorption in mature osteoclasts. The mechanism is through inhibiting the expression levels of osteoclast-related proteins NFATc1, c-Fos, CSTK and TRAP and RNAKL/RANK signaling pathways, and also inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and AKT signaling pathways. -
Role of oleanolic acid in relieving psoriasis and its underlying mechanism of action Original Article
LIU, Yan; YAN, Dong-Mei; DENG, Li-Li; ZHU, Yan-Jun; BIAN, Cai-Yun; LV, Hui-RuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The present study aimed to determine whether oleanolic acid (Ole) could be used to treat psoriasis and its related underlying mechanism of action via in vitro analysis. HaCaT cells were stimulated with IL-22 to established an in vitro psoriasis cell model. MTT, flow cytometry and TUNEL assays, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the cell ultrastructure. LC3B protein expression levels were analyzed using immunofluorescence, other protein expression levels were determined using western blotting. Cell viability was significantly increased, while the apoptotic rate was significantly decreased in the model group (P < 0.001). In addition, Notch1, Hes1, beclin 1 and LC3B protein expression levels were significantly downregulated, while P62 protein expression levels were significantly upregulated in the model group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Supplementation of Ole, the increased levels of proliferation were significantly suppressed, while cell apoptosis was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner, which was discovered to occur via Notch1 upregulation. Notably, the transfection with small interfering RNA-Notch1 significantly reversed the effect of Ole treatment (P < 0.001) and the levels of autophagy were also decreased. In conclusion, the findings of the current study suggested that Ole may relieve psoriasis via upregulating Notch1, which subsequently regulates cell autophagy. -
Maslinic acid in the treatment of heart damage in obesity hypertension through activating Nrf2 pathway Original Article
YANG, Ailing; HOU, Mei; ZHANG, Mingguo; LIN, LingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The present study is to explore the interventional effects and potential mechanisms of Maslinic acid on heart damage in obesity hypertension. The rats were given SHR high-fat diet for 16 weeks. WGA staining and Masson staining were applied to detect heart structure and heart fibrosis degree. WB method was used to detect the expressions of ANP, BNP, P-MHC, TGF-β1, CTGF, Collagen I, Collagen III, Fibronectin and other proteins in SHR heart tissue. ELISA method was used to detect serum TNF-α, IL-6, and PAI-1 content. IF method was employed to detect the expression of Nrf2 in heart tissue. Maslinic acid can significantly improve the morphology of the heart tissue, reduce the hypertrophy and swelling of cardiomyocytes, inhibit the deposition of collagen fibers, and significantly inhibit the expressions of ANP, BNP, MYH7, CTGF, TGFpl, Fibronectin, CollagenI and CollagenIII proteins in the heart tissue. Maslinic acid can effectively inhibit TNF-a, IL-6 and PAI-1 expression, reduce heart inflammation, and significantly elevate Nrf2 level in heart tissue. Maslinic acid can significantly improve the heart structure of obese SHR, inhibit myocardial hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac inflammation. The underlying mechanism may be related to elevating the expression of Nrf2 protein in the cytoplasm of heart tissue, promoting Nrf2 to enter the nucleus, thereby promoting the expression and activity of mitochondria-function-related proteins. The capabilities to inhibit the expression of hypertrophy-related proteins are also related. -
Association between tea drinking and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis Original Article
GAO, Yu; CAO, Zhihong; ZHOU, Fushun; ZHAO, Yanmei; TANG, Lihong; ZHANG, HongjuanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The meta-analysis on observational studies was conducted to explore the association of tea drinking with endometrial cancer (EC). The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched until August 2018. Altogether 19 works on tea drinking that involved 6,797 EC patients and 858,780 normal controls, including 10 case control and 9 cohort studies, were enrolled. The pooled relative risk (RR) of EC for the greatest tea consumption compared with the lowest level was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94-1.04; I2 = 53%, p for heterogeneity = 0.005). In terms of study design, pooled RRs were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73-0.95) and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.96-1.08) for case-control and cohort studies, respectively. By study region, the pooled RRs were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.95-1.08) in Europe, 1.06 (95% CI: 0.94-1.20) in USA/Canada, and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69-0.93) in Asia. By additional subgroup analysis, inverse association was shown in green tea (RR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.84) and black tea (RR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.46-0.92). No difference was detected in smoking status or body mass index. To sum up, although tea does not have obvious protective effect against endometrial cancer, either black tea or green tea protects against EC. Moreover, Asian studies show that tea drinking protects against EC. -
Energy-saving ventilation system for sheep premises to ensure food security and safety Original Article
ISSAKHANOV, Muratbek; ALIBEK, Nessipbek; DYUSENBAYEV, Turemurat; TALDYBAYEVA, AigulResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The impact of stress on an animal's physiological and behavioral state and the final meat quality has been extensively established. Prior to slaughter, animals are usually denied food and drink to reduce stomach content and minimize contamination from gut contents spilling from unintentional punctures to the gastrointestinal system during the eviscerating procedure. Feed withholding offers the benefit of lowering consumption of food as well as morbidity and death rates while in transit. Food restriction, on the other hand, triggers a stress reaction and causes animals to lose weight. In sheep farming, ventilation systems that functioned at temperatures above the threshold air temperature and relative humidity were very efficient and productive. The ventilation system proposed here works by using soil warmth, i.e., a renewable source of energy, and contributes to environmental protection. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of an energy-saving ventilation system using soil heat are presented. The use of an energy-saving ventilation system reduces energy and labor costs for creating a microclimate in sheep premises. The device of an energy-saving ventilation system is protected by the patent of RK KZ 26930 dated 15.07.2016. -
Effects of high pressure versus conventional thawing on the quality changes and myofibrillar protein denaturation of slow/fast freezing beef rump muscle Original Article
LI, LiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Beef rump muscle samples were frozen by slow freezing (-20 °C) and fast freezing (-80 °C), and subjected to different thawing treatments: air thawing (AT), water immersion thawing (WIT) and high pressure assisted thawing (HPAT) at 50, 100, 150, 200 MPa. Temperature and duration of meat samples were monitored during freezing and thawing. The thawing time of AT, WIT and HPAT indicating that HPAT improved the thawing efficiency. HPAT treatment induced the thawing loss and color change, maintained the texture, moisture migration and thermal stability of myofibrillar protein of SF/FF samples. Meanwhile, FF preserved color and inhibited protein oxidation, and the lower protein oxidation were observed in FF-WIT samples. However, the thermal stability of MP depends only on thawing method regardless of SF/FF. High pressure thawing seems to be a complicated process, for which further studies are needed. -
Characterization of botanical origin of selected popular purple Eleutherococcus tea grown in Yunnan province of China and quantification of Its anthocyanins using spectrophotometric method Original Article
CHEN, Yue; GONG, Majie; NIE, Xianxian; QI, Zhechen; LIU, Xiangqian; JIN, Qinghao; ZHANG, Xiaodan; YANG, DongfengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Purple Eleutherococcus is a selected plant grown in high mountain in Puer region of Yunnan province, which is a rich source of anthocyanins with great potential as local vegetables and tea. However, the unknown botanical origin of purple Eleutherococcus restricted its edible value. Our objectives were to identify the botanical origin of purple Eleutherococcus by DNA marker combined with the morphological characteristics, optimaze the extration method of anthocyanins by orthogonal experiment method and determine the contents of anthocyanins in purple Eleutherococcus tea. The results revealed that the purple Eleutherococcus was more closely related to Eleutherococcus simonii through comparing the sequence alignment of ITS2. Combined with the morphological characteristics of plants, purple Eleutherococcus was finally identified and classified into Eleutherococcus simonii. Through orthogonal experiment, the optimal extraction conditions of anthocyanins from purple Eleutherococcus leaves were determined: the volume fraction of ethanol was 60%, the pH of ethanol solution was 3, and the water bath temperature was 60 °C. The ultrasonic extraction was conducted for 30 min. Our study provides scientific theoretical basis for the industrial extraction of anthocyanins and provides reference value for the further development of purple Eleutherococcus in Puer region of Yunnan province in China. -
Effect of antibacterial nanocomposite film on the preservation of cheese Original Article
LI, Yana; CHEN, Zhiwei; WU, KaixuanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract High density polyethylene (HDPE) and nano-ZnO were used to prepare nano-ZnO/HDPE composite film with a nano-ZnO content of 0.5wt%. The morphology, mechanical, barrier and antibacterial properties, as well as the preservation to cheese of the films were studied. The results showed that the ZnO nanoparticles had a good dispersion in HDPE matrix so that the improvement of the mechanical, barrier and antibacterial performances of the film was achieved after the addition of nano-ZnO to HDPE. In comparison to cheese packaged in HDPE bags, it was found that the sensory score of the cheese in nano-ZnO/HDPE bags increased from 66.6 to 73.7 and the pH of cheese was closer to the standard sample at storage time of 7d. Furthermore, nano-ZnO/HDPE inhibited effectively the increase of the total bacterial count (TBC) on cheese contrast of HDPE. That indicates the prepared nano-ZnO/HDPE is potential in cheese packaging to extend the shelf life. -
Extracts with anti-inflammatory activities from Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Merr. by inhibiting LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 Original Article
LUO, Jiao; XIAO, Shan; LI, Xiao-Jun; LIU, Xiang-Qian; KWON, Ok-Kyoung; LEE, Hyeong-Kyu; KO, Sung-Kwon; WHANG, Wan-Kyunn; YOOK, Chang-SooResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Merr. have been used as folk medicine to treat various diseases traditionally and the young leaves and shoots of A. trifoliatus are popularly consumed as vegetables and herbal tea in southern China. In the study, we firstly tested the cytotoxicity and NO production of 18 fractions that extracted from the leaves, stems and roots of A. trifoliatus to select the bioactive fraction. The increasing evidence suggested that the dichloromethane extract prepared from stems of A. trifoliatus (ATSDC) have anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, the study followed to investigate the effects of ATSDC on the inflammatory response and the molecular mechanisms underpinning this effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The manuscript showed that ATSDC effectively inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated cells and significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, at a dose of 40 µg/mL, whereas TNF-α production tended to decrease under ATSDC treatment. We also confirmed a dose-dependent and significant inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. In conclusion, ATSDC exerted strong inhibitory effect on the expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and could be potentially used in treatment of inflammatory-related diseases in the future. -
A hami melon flavor creation Original Article
YU, Genfa; ZHU, Guangyong; ZHENG, XiongjianResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Hami melon fruit is highly appreciated for its unique flavor. How to simulate Hami melon flavor has rarely been reported. If the Hami melon flavor is developed, it can be widely used in food, beverages, and other products. Thus, Hami melon flavor creation is of great interests. This study dealt with Hami melon flavor creation in the light of note method. The notes for construction of a Hami melon flavor were obtained by tasting and smelling Hami melon fruity. Green note, sweety note, melon fruity note, other fruity note, winey note, and special note together form Hami melon flavor. Based on these notes, a series of aroma materials were selected to construct Hami melon flavor formula. After olfactory evaluation, numerous adjustments and modifications were made until a desired Hami melon flavor formula was obtained. The flavor blended based on the formula has the typical characteristic odor of natural Hami melon fruit. It has a fresh, sweet, harmonious Hami melon aroma. -
Physicochemical characterization and quantification of bioactive compounds of guava powder produced by cast-tape drying Original Article
FRABETTI, Ana Caroline; DURIGON, Angelise; LAURINDO, João; MORAES, Jaqueline Oliveira de; CARCIOFI, BrunoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the most nutritious fruits from tropical and subtropical regions; however, it is a seasonal and easily perishable fruit, besides not being produced worldwide. In this context, dehydration to produce powders simplifies product transportation and storage, however, the knowledge of bioactive compounds after drying is extremely important. Guava was dehydrated by a pilot scale cast-tape drying (CTD), a new low-cost dryer that allows the control of the spreading thickness, reducing significantly the drying time. Guava pulp was spread in CTD using 2 and 3 mm and dried at 98 °C to obtain powders with moisture contents of about 0.04 g/g (dry basis) and water activities close to 0.30. Powders obtained by CTD were compared to powders dried by freeze-drying (FD), and both drying processes, as well as guava pulp, showed high antioxidant activity and significant values of carotenoids and phenolic contents. Guava powders exhibited a wide range of particle sizes and flake-like structures, being easily dispersed in water, which indicates good rehydration properties of the products obtained from both drying methods. Therefore, CTD is a suitable process to produce guava powders with attractive properties, proving the preservation of important nutritional characteristics of the fruit. -
Meat quality of culled adult goats finished with increased feeding plans Original Article
MARQUES, Iolly Tábata Oliveira; FERNANDES, Cesar Carneiro Linhares; VASCONCELOS, Fábio Roger; ALVES, Juliana Paula Martins; MONTENEGRO, Assis Rubens; SILVA, Caroline Pessoa da; OLIVEIRA, Felipe Brener Bezerra de; FIGUEIREDO, Francisco Cardoso; MOURA, Arlindo Araripe; RONDINA, DavideResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study evaluated the effect of increasing the nutritional plane in finishing diets on meat quality traits of culled adult goats. Forty-one crossbred does were divided into four groups: baseline diet formulated to meet 100% of the nutritional requirements (BD); BD + 30% (BD30); + 60% (BD60); + 90% (BD90) of the nutritional level of BD. The goats received the experimental diets for 28 days. The protein profile of the longissimus lumborum muscle was evaluated using 1D SDS–PAGE and mass spectrometry. Cholesterol and albumin concentrations were highest in the BD group. There were no alterations in loin proximate composition or tissue composition. However, there was a significant reduction in the PUFA content in groups BD60 and BD90 compared with the group fed the baseline diet. Of 37 protein bands identified, 35 showed lower intensities in group BD90 than in BD and 22 bands showed lesser expression in groups BD60 and BD90 than in BD. The multivariate model identified 14 band proteins involved in group-diet segregation. Therefore, increasing the nutrient supply for finishing goats did not have marked positive effects on carcass. A lower expression of these proteins can have a profound impact on the qualitative aspects of the meat product. -
Anti-fatigue effect of small molecule oligopeptides from tilapia (Oreochromis Mossambicus) in mice Original Article
PENG, Shuo; JI, Hongwu; SONG, Wenkui; WEI, Liuyi; ZHAN, Suhong; QU, Yushan; CHEN, Ming; ZHANG, Di; LIU, ShuchengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In order to promote the development and application of small molecule oligopeptides from tilapia (SMOT), its anti-fatigue effect was evaluated by using exhaustive swimming in mice. The results showed that compared with the negative control group, SMOT could significantly prolong the exhausted swimming time of mice, reduce blood lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde content, and could significantly improve liver glycogen storage status. Meanwhile, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase of the mice gavaged with SMOT were significantly higher than those in the negative control group. In addition, SMOT could increase the activity of immune factor IL-2, stimulate the secretion of sIgA and regulate the level of inflammatory factors. So SMOT had significant anti-fatigue effect. Its anti-fatigue effect was exerted by increasing energy reserves, eliminating the accumulation of metabolites, reducing oxidative stress, and improving the body’s immune function. -
Evaluation of different extraction methods on the polyphenols yield, flavonoids yield, and antioxidant activity of the pomelo flavedo extract from Da Xanh (Citrus maxima [burm] merr.) variety Original Article
TRAN, Nhi Yen Thi; LE, Truong Dang; DAO, Phat Tan; BACH, Giang Long; HUYNH, Phong Xuan; TRAN, Quyen NgocResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Pomelo peels have been well known as a valuable source of phenolic compounds mainly flavonoids. In this study, the influences of extraction conditions of three extraction methods on the polyphenols yield, flavonoids yield, and antioxidant activity of resulting pomelo flavedo extract (PFE) were evaluated. As a result, the suitable process parameters for the ultrasound assisted extraction were selected at an applied power of 120 W, the temperature of 60 oC for 20 min. Meanwhile, the microwave assisted extraction was operated at an applied power of 150 W for 25 min and the Soxhlet extraction was carried out up to 4 reflux cycles (35 min per cycle) at 80 oC. Among three methods, the microwave assisted extraction was considered as the most efficient method to obtain the high yield of polyphenols (80.56%) and flavonoids (86.58%). Naringin and hesperidin determined by high-performance liquid chromatography showed the value of 64.42 ± 2.90 mg/g DW and 0.97 ± 0.02 mg/g DW, respectively. The PFE extracted by the microwave assisted extraction could be a potent nutraceutical in further application on food or pharmaceutical industries. -
Effect of gellan gum concentration on the physicochemical, rheological and sensory properties of acerola smoothie Original Article
LEAL, Amanda Rodrigues; HOLANDA, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira; SOARES, Fernanda Clara Moreira; COSTA, Juliana Nascimento da; NASCIMENTO, Luís Gustavo Lima; CARMO, Jessica Silva do; SILVA, Wende Carla da; MARQUES, Luciana Façanha; SOUSA, Paulo Henrique Machado deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to develop an acerola smoothie using gellan gum (GG) as a texture modifier. Samples were developed with three concentrations of GG (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% w/v) and a control sample (without GG). Physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties were evaluated. The smoothie samples showed increased color intensity than the control, with a tendency to yellow and red colors. However, the hydrocolloid concentration did not affect the samples' pH values (4.13 to 4.17). GG presence favored an increase in the samples' viscosity, classified as pseudoplastic fluid. There was a reduction in vitamin C in samples with GG (422.18 to 430.49 mg/100 g), however, the values remained close to the control (448.89 mg/100 g). There was greater sensory acceptance by the sample with intermediate texture (0.2% GG), which obtained a higher frequency for the attributes "homogeneous" and "acerola flavor". -
Estimation of theoretical intake of synthetic food colours Azorubine, Erythrosine, Indigotine, and Ponceau 4R by the Brazilian population Original Article
RODRIGUES, Patrícia da Silva; RIOS, Alessandro de Oliveira; CLADERA-OLIVERA, FlorenciaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract There are very few studies evaluating the exposure of the general population to food colours. This study aimed to estimate the Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI) by the Brazilian population of four rather seldom-used synthetic food colours: Azorubine, Erythrosine, Indigotine, and Ponceau 4R. The study was conducted using data from the two most recent National Household Budget Surveys (carried out in 2008/2009 and 2017/2018). The study covered the country’s population, sorted into the following groups: gender, geographic region, and age (among people older than 10 years). The results show that the mean TMDI (mg/day) does not exceed the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) in any population group for any of the food colours. The highest values found were 12.5% of the ADI for Erythrosine in 2008/2009 and 4% in 2017/2018. A decrease in the mean TMDI was observed for all food colours comparing 2008/2009 and 2017/2018. Intake increases with decreasing age, adolescents being the group with the highest mean TMDI. When considering the prevalence of food consumption instead of the mean consumption, TMDI gets closer to the ADI, reaching 79% of the ADI of Erythrosine for adolescent females. The intake of these food colours proved to be within the recommended levels. -
Empirical rheology of wheat flour doughs with pea, soybean and whey protein isolates Original Article
NOGUEIRA, Amanda de Cássia; AQUINO, Rafael Kaian do Nascimento de; STEEL, Caroline JoyResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The use of different protein sources in cereal products does not only aim to enrich them with proteins, but also to improve their protein quality, especially concerning the lysine content, the limiting amino acid in wheat flour. As an alternative to enrichment, protein isolates become viable because they provide protein content and quality. However, that the addition of protein sources to wheat flour greatly affects its rheological properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the empirical rheology of wheat flour doughs substituted by pea (PPI), soybean (SPI), and whey (WPI) protein isolates, comparing the behavior of these three sources in order to predict the best application. Of all the isolates, PPI seems to have interfered less in the rheological profile of pure flour. WPI caused major changes, while SPI remained intermediate, but closer to PPI. Concentrations of PPI and SPI up to 10% and WPI up to 5% did not greatly modify the viscoelastic profile of the dough, which would allow the use of these mixtures in the production of breads, while higher concentrations would be more suitable for the manufacture of molded biscuits, in which the formation of a protein network is not necessary. -
Extraction of polyphenols from different herbs for the development of functional date bars Original Article
SAFDAR, Muhammad Naeem; BAIG, Umer Yousaf; RIAZ, Muhammad Muneeb; MUMTAZ, Amer; JABBAR, Saqib; E-ZEHRA, Dua; UR-REHMAN, Naqib; AHMAD, Zain; MALIK, Hira; YOUSAF, ShahidResumo em Inglês:
Abstract An investigation was conducted to extract polyphenols from moringa leaf, tamarind seed, mint and lemongrass for the development of functional date bars. Solvent methanol, ethanol and acetone at 50% and 75% concentration was employed for polyphenols extraction through ultrasound assisted extraction technique.Higher polyphenols and flavonoids were extracted from moringa leaf with comparatively more antioxidant activity than other herbs studied. Date bars fortified with different levels of moringa leaf and tamarind seedpolyphenolic extracts had optimum quality attributes and antioxidant activity as well assensory acceptable. Overall, 2% moringa leaf extract fortified date bars scored highest and were appreciated most by sensory panelists whereas 3% tamarind seed extract fortified date bars scored lowest and were disliked most. It was concluded that moringa leaf and tamarind seed extract being a potential source of polyphenols could be developed as ingredient for the preparation of functional foods. -
Bibliometric analysis of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) research publications based on Web of Science Original Article
YUAN, Bao-Zhong; SUN, JieResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aimed to identify and analyze the 3,872 article and review type papers of blueberry research based on Web of Science. Papers mainly written in English (3,769, 97.34%), were from 10,102 authors, 83 countries or territories, 2,033 organizations and published in 770 Journals and three book series. The top five Journals were HortScience (278, 7.18%), Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (272, 7.024%), Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (116, 2.996%), Journal of Economic Entomology (97, 2.505%), Food Chemistry (92, 2.376%). The top five countries and regions were USA, Peoples R China, Canada, Chile and Brazil. The six most paper contributed organizations were USDA ARS, University of Florida, Michigan State University, University of Georgia, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and University of Maine. The top five authors were Hancock, James F.; Rowland, Lisa J.; Ehlenfeldt, Mark K.; Lyrene, Paul M.; and Strik, Bernadine C. All keywords of the blueberry research based on Web of Science were separated into seven clusters for different research topics. This review could provide a valuable guide for designing future studies. This work is also useful for student identifying graduate schools and researchers selecting journals. -
Consumers’ willingness to pay for traditional products with geographical indication: a case study on pestil from Gümüşhane, Turkey Original Article
DOGAN, Nilgun; Adanacioglu, HakanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The main purpose of this study is to analyze the willingness to pay (WTP) geographical indications (GI)-labelled pestil as a traditional product. Considering the data obtained from a survey conducted with 166 households in Gümüşhane, Turkey were used. Contingent valuation method was taken to determine WTP for GI-labelled pestil (dried fruit pulp). In order to find WTP price amounts Tobit model was used. Tobit model showed that individuals who were in the upper age group, have a high frequency of purchasing pestil, have a high level of knowledge about GI-labelled products, and consume GI-labelled products want to consume more. The average amount that consumers will be willing to pay for 1 kg of price bids ranging from 60-100 TRY has been determined as 68.74 TRY. While establishing a target market, those who are in the upper age group, have a high frequency of purchasing pestil, have a high level of knowledge and consume GI-labelled products should be taken into consideration. Since individuals with a high level of knowledge regarding GI-labelled products are willing to pay a higher amount of extra payment, it is recommended that marketers carry out promotional activities that will increase communute awareness for GI-labelled products. -
Value-added effects of using aromatic plants in foods and human therapy Original Article
TABAN, Birce MERCANOGLU; STAVROPOULOU, Elisaveth; WINKELSTRÖTER, Lizziane KRETLI; BEZIRTZOGLOU, EugeniaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Consumers' demands for low-processed and healthier food products led to a search for alternatives to replace or reduce synthetic food additives with natural ones. Aromatic plant derivatives which have GRAS status, have been examined for being natural food preservatives and antioxidants to prolong the shelf-life of foods. They contribute to food safety, owing to their anti-quorum sensing, and anti-biofilm properties. These potential food safety attributes and increasing demand for natural food additive options have led to an interest in the use of them, especially in traditional meat, dairy, and bakery products, which would provide them an added value, and increase the market competitiveness. Therefore, the overall perspective of the value-added effects of using aromatic plants and their derivatives in food production and of their incorporated use into packaging materials for active packaging are discussed in this review. In addition, it provides information on their antimicrobial and antioxidant actions. The review also aims to give detailed information on benefits of vegetal bioactive compounds in health and disease by giving their nutraceutical and health-promoting properties. The current knowledge on their application in the treatment of health disorders is presented, their ability to prevent diseases is discussed, and the areas for future research are proposed. -
Characteristics volatiles of cassava flours and their relationship to parameters other, process and geographical origin: a preliminary study Original Article
Pascoal, Diego Roberto da Cunha; Moura, Lídia Eloy; Silva, Jaff Ribeiro da; Assis, Denilson de Jesus; Costa, Samantha Serra; Druzian, Janice IzabelResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was the physicochemical characterization of traditional cassava flours from Copioba Valley in Reconcavo Baiano (Northeast Brazil). Samples were collected in flour houses and analyzed by official methods of proximate composition and chromatography and spectroscopy for fatty acids and volatile compounds. Regardless of geographical origin (inside and outside the Valley) and processing type (Copioba and Common flour), there were no significant differences in water activity, ash, crude protein, starch, carbohydrates or acidity. By contrast, significant differences were observed in moisture, particle size, total lipids, palmitic acid and volatile compounds, mainly nonanal. Discriminant classification by principal component analysis according to origin and processing was obtained using this differentiation. These parameters are important for associations of reputation, authenticity and differentiation with the Protected Geographical Indication of Copioba cassava flours. -
Chemical evaluation of donkey milk yoghurt mixed with milk from different animal species Original Article
GOMES, Rhaabe Dayane da Silva; BEZERRA, Maria de Fátima; MACÊDO, Cláudia Souza; OLIVEIRA, Ingrid Laíse Silvestre de; BORBA, Luís Henrique Fernandes; URBANO, Stela Antas; ANAYA, Katya; CHAGAS, Bruna Maria Emerenciano; ANDRADE NETO, Júlio César de; OLIVEIRA, Juliana Paula Felipe de; RANGEL, Adriano Henrique do NascimentoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this study was to prepare three donkey milk yoghurt formulations mixed with goat, cow and buffalo milk. The formulations were developed with 50% donkey milk and 50% cow, buffalo or goat milk. Concentrated mango pulp was added for flavouring. An evaluation was performed on the chemical composition of each milk sample and the formulated yoghurts. The donkey milk showed the lowest values for fat, protein, casein, total solids and non-fat solids. In turn, goat milk reached higher levels of fat and total solids. Furthermore, buffalo milk stood out with the highest values of protein and non-fat solids. Yoghurt made with donkey and buffalo milk showed higher concentrations of protein, lactose, total solids and non-fat solids. In contrast, the yoghurt that contained donkey and cow milk in its formulation obtained a higher fat percentage and a lower percentage of lactose, total solids and non-fat solids. The low content of fat and total solids in donkey milk, in addition to the structure of the casein micelles and small fat globules favor low consistency in fermented products. Thus, mixing donkey milk with milks from other animal species can result in better chemical composition and better consistency. -
Comparing chemical and enzymatic synthesis of rich behenic lipids products: technological and nutritional potential Original Article
ZUIN, Julia Cristina; GANDRA, Renata Luana de Pádua; RIBEIRO, Ana Paula Badan; RACT, Juliana Neves Rodrigues; MACEDO, Juliana Alves; MACEDO, Gabriela AlvesResumo em Inglês:
Abstract One of the current challenges of the food industry is to develop lipid bases with the desired technological performance for food application and with lower caloric value, in compliance with new legislations. In this context, the objective of this research is to compare chemical and enzymatic interesterification as methods for obtaining structured low-calorie lipids. Both processes are of commercial importance, since they can be used to modify the physical characteristics of fat without generating trans fatty acids. The lipid matrices used were olive oil, soybean oil and fully hydrogenated crambe oil, behenic acid source, presenting anti-obesogenic potential. Samples interesterified were characterized regarding the physicochemical behavior and regiospecific distribution in comparison to the simple mixture of the raw materials, in order to show the importance of the interesterification process. There was a reduction in their solid fat content after interesterification, which improved their physical properties and there was an increase in consistency, while the simple mixture did not represented a good option for industrial use. There was a 47% increase of saturated fatty acids at the sn-1,3 position after enzymatic synthesis. The results indicate that the structured lipids obtained can be a viable alternative to replace fats in foods low calorie. -
Concentrated whey from block freeze concentration or milk-based ice creams on Bifidobacterium BB-12 survival under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions Original Article
BARROS, Eulália Lopes da Silva; SILVA, Callebe Camelo; VERRUCK, Silvani; CANELLA, Maria Helena Machado; MARAN, Bruna Marchesan; ESMERINO, Erick Almeida; SILVA, Ramon; PRUDENCIO, Elane SchwindenResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study’s main highlight refers to the utilization of concentrated whey, obtained from freezing concentration processes in ice cream manufacturing. The second important point refers to the comparison between dairy and whey concentrated ice creams’ Bifidobacterium BB-12’s protective effects under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Both ice cream types showed bifidobacteria viable cell counts higher than the recommendation for a product to be considered a probiotic. The incorporation of such bacteria into both ice cream varieties showed the most important probiotic characteristic, which is survivability. Bifidobacterium BB-12 demonstrated survival rates higher than 90% after the upper digestive tract passage into the colon. In addition to that, the best protective effect was pointed out from whey-based ice cream testing. Considering such statements, the addition of probiotic bacteria and concentrated whey on ice cream manufacturing could be decisive when producing functional foods, providing benefic effects on the consumer. -
Control some foodborne pathogens, contaminated bacteria and fungi by fabrication calyx cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) nanoparticles Original Article
YEHIA, Hany Mohamed; ELKHADRAGY, Manal Fawzy; SHEBL, Rania Ibrahim; Al-MASOUD, Abdulrahman Hamad; EL-DIN, Mohamed Ferkry SeragResumo em Inglês:
Abstract We studied the effect of the calyx of cape gooseberry nanoparticles manufactured by a novel technique. There are several methods, such as jet mill, spray freezing, supercritical anti-solvent technique (SAS), and high-pressure homogenization, available for the production of drug micro/nanoparticles to improve drug solubility. Anti-solvent precipitation is also used to prepare micro- and nanosized particles to explain their effects on different foodborne pathogens, contaminated bacteria, and some fungi. Results indicated that nanoparticles of the cape gooseberry calyx contained higher antioxidant activity than that found in the normal calyx, seed, and juice. While studying the effect of cape gooseberry calyx nanoparticles on microorganisms, it was found that the zone of inhibition was highly positive against Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella typhimurium compared to that of the normal cape gooseberry calyx. All species of molds, including Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., and Alternaria sp., and yeasts like Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula glutinis were affected by nanoparticles of the cape gooseberry calyx compared to those of the normal calyx. -
Development of a memories vocabulary (MemVOC) for food products using coffee as a model Original Article
CABAL-PRIETO, Adan; TEODORO-BERNABÉ, Gabriela; CORIA-RINCÓN, Cecilia; SÁNCHEZ-ARELLANO, Lucia; RAMÓN-CANUL, Lorena Guadalupe; RODRÍGUEZ-MIRANDA, Jesús; PRINYAWIWATKUL, Witoon; JUÁREZ-BARRIENTOS, José Manuel; HERRERA-CORREDOR, José Andrés; RAMÍREZ-RIVERA, Emmanuel de JesúsResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Multiple references in sensory science indicate that foods evoke memories during consumption, however, research regarding those memories is still limited. The objective of this study was to develop a vocabulary and implement it in a memories vocabulary related to food as a complement for the evaluation of sensory attributes and emotions, using coffee as a model. The memories vocabulary was generated with a series of successive studies that involved assigning positive and negative memories to different food groups and applying mathematical algorithms (WordCountAna and Factorial Approach) and contrasting memories with the scientific literature. Subsequently, the vocabulary was used to determine the profile of memories and their association with sensory attributes and emotions in coffee samples evaluated by trained judges and consumers. The memories vocabulary consisted of a total of 14 and 12 positive and negative memories terms, respectively. The vocabulary of memories was used in a similar way by both panels allowing them to differentiate between artisanal and industrial coffees. The memories vocabulary of the coffees showed a positive association with sensory attributes and emotions, thus achieving a more robust explanation of the samples used in the research. -
Effects of agitation rate and dissolved oxygen on xylose reductase activity during xylitol production at bioreactor scale Original Article
MANJARRES-PINZÓN, Katherine; MENDOZA-MEZA, Dary; ARIAS-ZABALA, Mario; CORREA-LONDOÑO, Guillermo; RODRIGUEZ-SANDOVAL, EduardoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The study of xylose reductase (XR) - one of the key enzymes in the production of xylitol - is important in the fermentation process to have maximum efficiency in the bioconversion of xylose to xylitol in lignocellulosic hydrolysate. The aim was to evaluate the effect of agitation rate and dissolved oxygen at 7 L bioreactor scale on the production of xylose reductase (XR) from Candida tropicalis during the bioconversion of xylose into xylitol in the non-detoxified oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) hydrolysate. The highest xylose consumption (95.5%) and the maximum xylitol production (5.46 g.L-1) were presented under 30% dissolved oxygen and 50 rpm. The maximum XR activity (0.646 U mg-1 protein) was obtained after 144 h of fermentation and at the same conditions of dissolved oxygen and agitation rate mentioned above. The oxygen availability influences the XR activity of C. tropicalis and the xylitol production, observing a xylitol yield factor (YP/S) of 0.27 g.g-1 and volumetric productivity (QP) of 0.33 g.L-1 h-1. At lower dissolved oxygen regardless of the agitation conditions evaluated, an increase in xylitol production was evidenced. -
Effects of maternal vitamin D3 status on quality characteristics of pork batters in offspring pigs during cold storage Original Article
WANG, Suli; GUO, Liping; MIAO, Zhiguo; MA, Hanjun; MELNYCHUK, SergiyResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Seventy-two offspring pigs (150 d) from 27 sow (9 sows per group) fed different vitamin D3 levels were used to evaluate the effects of maternal vitamin D3 status and postmortem cold storage on cooking loss, color, texture profile analysis (TPA), low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) T2 relaxation times and dynamic rheological of gel properties of chilled pork batters in offspring pigs. Sows were allotted to low, normal, and high dietary vitamin D3 groups which contained 200 (LD), 800 (ND), and 3200 (HD) IU of vitamin D3/kg basal diet, respectively. Results showed that HD group had higher a* value, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness, and storage modulus (G') values, while had lower cooking loss, L* value, T21 and T22 relaxation time compared with LD group during postmortem cold storage period (P < 0.05). In addition, cold storage time increased cooking loss and b* values of LD and ND groups, TPA parameters, T22 relaxation time and G' values of all experimental groups, while decreased a* and L* values of LD and ND groups (P < 0.05). The results revealed that maternal high-dose vitamin D3 levels influenced these indicators of chilled pork batters in offspring pigs, which improved the quality attributes during postmortem cold storage. -
Evaluation of different types of milk proteins-derived epitopes using in-silico tools: a primarily study to propose a new definition for bioactive peptides Original Article
BARATI, Meisam; JABBARI, Masoumeh; FATHOLLAHI, Matin; FATHOLLAHI, Anwar; KHAKI, Vahid; JAVANMARDI, Fardin; JAZAYERI, Seyed Mohammad Hossein Mousavi; SHABANI, Mehdi; DAVOODI, Sayed Hossein; HUSEYN, Elcin; HADIAN, Zahra; LORENZO, José Manuel; KHANEGHAH, Amin MousaviResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Bioactive peptides are digestion-resistant and absorbable peptides released from dietary parent proteins. Dietary epitopes exert their effects on the body without absorption and release from parent protein. In this study, the epitope content of milk proteins was discovered, and a new definition for BPs is provided alongside the classic definition. In this study, LBtope, ABCpred, and SVMTriP servers were used to find Linear B cell epitopes. Besides, to predict T cell epitopes, the major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) and MHC-II alleles that were more abundant among Iranian people were first found from the Allele Frequency Net Database (AFND). Consequently, the IEDB, RANKPEP, SYFPEITHI, EpiJen, and EpiTOP3 servers were used for MHC binding epitopes. In the current study, MHC-II, MHC-I, and B-cell epitopes of milk proteins were discovered. The most important B-cell epitopes discovered by LBtope, ABCpred, and SVMtrip databases for αS1-casein included APSFSDIPNPIGSEN (176-190), AESISSSEEIVPNSVE (62-77), and VFGKEKVNELSKDIGS (31-46). The high rank of αS1-casein derived from MHC-II epitopes and discovered from the SYFPEITHI database included KEKVNELSKDIGSES (34-48), RFFVAPFPEVFGKEK (22-36), and PELFRQFYQLDAYPS (147-161). The epitopes of dietary proteins and endogenous proteins could be considered as BPs. Epitopes exert their biological effects without absorption and release from parent proteins. -
Extraction and determination of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of buckwheat seed milling fractions Original Article
MAZAHIR, Muhammad; AHMED, Anwaar; AHMAD, Asif; AHMAD, Muhammad Sheeraz; KHAN, Muhammad Akram; MANZOOR, Muhammad FaisalResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Buckwheat is a precious source of various bioactive compounds like phenolics, flavonoids, rutin, and quercetin, etc. This research work was performed to harvest the nutraceutical potential of indigenous buckwheat varieties and their milling fractions (fine flour, coarse flour, bran flour, and husk). Common buckwheat (CBW) and Tartary buckwheat (TBW) were analyzed in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH scavenging activity. When compared to common buckwheat, Tartary buckwheat had a higher total phenolic content (2101.421 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoid content (1233.990 mg QEQ/100 g), and DPPH scavenging activity (44.51%).In the same context, throughout comparisons among milling fractions, the highest TPC and TFC were observed in the husk part of Tartary buckwheat while the lowest was found in common buckwheat. During the comparison of different solvents and their concentrations, it was observed that Ethanol 70% extracted a greater quantity of phytochemicals as compared to the rest of the other solvents and concentrations. This study recognized variability among buckwheat varieties and milling fractions for nutraceutical potential and nutritional qualities that can be used in the treatment of different maladies and food products.` -
Immobilization of Lactic acid bacteria for production of extracellular polysaccharides Original Article
TAO, Jing; HUANG, Xiaohui; LING, Feiyue; YU, Bilian; ZHOU, Xiao; SHEN, Qing; SAGRATINI, GianniResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can produce extracellular polysaccharides that can be used as thickeners, emulsifiers, and gels in foods. The immobilization technology can effectively simplify and improve the separation and regeneration of extracellular polysaccharides. In this study, six strains of LAB, including the extracellular polysaccharide-producing strain Lactobacillus plantarum, were screened. The different immobilized carriers of sodium alginate, agar, gelatin-glutaraldehyde, and carrageenan were assessed for fermentation by these six LAB. Different diameters of beads were selected, and the optimum culture temperature, carrier concentration, and inoculum volume were evaluated. The results showed that the agar-embedding method was the best immobilization method and the optimum process conditions were as follows: 3% inoculum of L. plantarum, 30 g/L of agar as immobilization carrier with a particle diameter of 1 cm, and fermentation at 37 °C for 24 h. Through orthogonal experiments, the maximum exopolysaccharide (EPS) yield obtained was 1489.9 mg/L. -
Microcapsules Preparation of Alcohol Extracts from Nymphaea Hybrid and Determination of Its Antioxidant Capability in vitro and in vivo Original Article
HANG, Shuqin; SUN, Xiaoming; HE, Yuchen; YUAN, JianfengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To find efficient natural antioxidants and further improve the utilization value of Nymphaea hybrid, the alcohol extracts from that are embedded and an all-round evaluation for the antioxidant activity is carried out. The microcapsule process is optimized by Box-Behnken response surface analysis which includes the wall-to-core ratio of 3.39:1, inlet air temperature at 195.56 °C, and the homogeneous number of 4.03, exhibiting the highest microencapsulation efficiency (94.36%). Antioxidant experiments in vitro showed that there was no significant difference between alcohol extracts and microcapsule on DPPH·, ·O2- and ·OH, while the scavenging activity of microcapsule on ABTS+· was lower against alcohol extracts. It was worth noting that the activities of GSH, SOD and CAT in vivo were increased about 55.55%, 29.13% and 51.23%. Similar results were obtained with microcapsule treatment. The heat treatment results showed the scavenging activities of alcohol extracts and microcapsule on antioxidant experiments in vitro were all decreased; however, the antioxidant activity of microcapsule was higher than that of alcohol extracts, indicating that the microencapsulation could improve the thermal stability. In conclusion, Nymphaea hybrid alcohol extracts is a well natural antioxidants, moreover, this study provide basic support for comprehensive utilization of Nymphaea hybrid. -
Oligosaccharide production from preserved yuzu juice using Lactobacillus sakei NY 518 and its prebiotic function Original Article
JEON, Sae Hyun; KIM, Duk-Hyun; MONDAL, Shakti Chandra; YANG, Kwang-Yeol; JEONG, Hana; LEE, Bo-Bae; NAM, Seung-HeeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study focused on the physiochemical characteristics of the oligosaccharide produced in preserved yuzu by NY 518 and its functions based on the intestinal health through antimicrobial activities. NY 518 was identified as Lactobacillus sakei. The oligosaccharide produced by L. sakei NY 518 was gluco-oligosaccharide. The oligosaccharide from preserved yuzu (OY) was found to have lower degree of polymerization than the oligosaccharide from sucrose (OS) owing to the presence of tri- to nona-saccharides. These oligosaccharides had lower pH and increased acidity, soluble solids, and viscosity than their substrates. OY had 67% α-glucosidase inhibition activity of OS and higher antibacterial effects on food-poisoning bacteria than OS. These results indicate that the oligosaccharide produced by L. sakei NY 518 in sugar-preserved foods exhibits beneficial functions (antidiabetic and antibacterial activities) and could be a good substitute for sugar. -
Pequi pulp oil: effect on the physicochemical, nutritional, and textural properties of cottage cheese Original Article
BORGES, Otília Monica Alves; ARAÚJO, Ídila Maria da Silva; CANUTO, Kirley Marques; CARVALHO, Juliane Döering Gasparin; MAGALHÃES, Hilton César Rodrigues; RODRIGUES, Tigressa Helena Soares; CARIOCA, José Osvaldo Beserra; GABAN, Socorro Vanesca FrotaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The present study aimed to produce a new cheese added with pequi (Caryocar coriaceum) pulp oil. In total, 11 formulations, prepared according to the Central Composite Rotatable Design, with two independent variables (pequi pulp oil and emulsifier) and two levels (7 and 13%; 1 and 2%) were assessed for moisture, protein, lipids, pH, acidity, color, and texture. In conclusion, pequi pulp oil and emulsifier improved the texture and body of the cheese by decreasing its cohesiveness, hardness, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness. -
Physicochemical profile of milk and cheese of goat feed with flashseed oil substituting the corn Original Article
BELTRÃO, Leo Gustavo Coutinho; CRUZ, George Rodrigo Beltrão da; SOUSA, Solange de; SANT’ANA, Amanda Marília da Silva; FONSECA, Sthélio Braga da; SALVIANO, Giullyann de Oliveira; RIBEIRO, Neila Lidiany; Andrade, Romário Oliveira deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the physicochemical quality of milk and cheese from goats-fed diets containing different concentrations of flaxseed oil in replacement of corn. Eight multiparous Saanen goats weighing 51.0 ± 8.0 kg and 67.0 ± 18.0 days of lactation were used. According to the concentrations of linseed oil inclusion in the diet, the goats were randomly distributed in a latin square (4 x 4), according to the concentrations of linseed oil inclusion in the diet (0, 1, 2, and 3%). Milk samples from each animal were collected twice a day, at regular times, during the three days of data collection in each period, for subsequent physicochemical and fatty acid profile analysis employing gas chromatography. The non-fat solids (P = 0.0302) and density (P = 0.0327) variables sgnificantly affected linseed oil in the goats' feed. Regressive effects (linear and quadratic) were not observed for other variables studied, except for lactose and density. Thus, 20 fatty acids have been identified in goat milk, which gives us an essential source of information about animal diet and milk quality concerning human health benefits. Furthermore, there were changes in the lipid profile of milk, decreasing saturated fatty acids and increasing unsaturated fatty acids, resulting in health-promoting effects. -
Phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of extruded products made from yellow corn supplemented with apple pomace powder Original Article
LEÓN, Enaim A. Vargas; ALDAPA, Carlos A. Gómez; ROJAS, Jesús Aguayo; TORRES, Apolonio Vargas; URIBE, Juan P. Hernández; RODRÍGUEZ, Heidi M. Palma; CORTEZ, Ricardo O. NavarroResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aimed of this study was quantified total phenols content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in extruded ready-to-eat products made from yellow corn added with apple pomace powder. A central composite rotatable experimental design was used. The variables tested were exit die temperature (140-180 °C), feed moisture (14-20 g/100 g) and apple pomace concentration (0-30 g/100 g). The effect of the process variables on the total contents of phenols, flavonols, flavanols and flavonoids and antioxidant activity was evaluated using the response surface methodology. The data of each response were fitted to a second-order model with determination coefficients ≥ 0.71. The extruded product with no added apple bagasse showed the lowest values of the evaluated phytochemicals but had higher antioxidant activity by DPPH. The addition of apple pomace increased the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in extruded ready-to-eat products made with yellow corn. This makes it possible to obtain a formulation of an extruded food rich in phenolic compounds with potential to contribute to prevention of oxidative stress, while making use of agro-industrial waste from apple juice extraction. -
PP-10 induces apoptosis via JNK/SPAK activation and STAT3 inhibition in Hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro Original Article
AN, Ziyi; HE, Peiyan; WANG, Guocai; LIU, Gexiu; JIANG, JianweiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Background The detail of mechanism involving in PP-10 anti-cancer activity remains to be elucidated, and the effect on HCC cells is unknown. Methods: MTT and colony formation assays were used to determine the effect of PP-10 on cell growth. Flow cytometry analysis and Hoechst 33258 were used to assess apoptosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore changes in apoptosis-associated pathways. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression levels. Results: In our study, PP-10 significantly suppressed cancer cell viability while had low toxicity to normal cells, with the HCC cell lines HepG2 and HuH7 being particularly sensitive to PP-10 treatment. PP-10 induced mitochondrial-related apoptosis in HepG2 and HuH7 cells. Moreover, GSEA showed that the MAPK signaling pathway could be correlated with PP-10–induced apoptosis. We used western blotting to confirm that PP-10 induced apoptosis in HepG2 and HuH7 cells by modulating the JNK/SPAK signaling and inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Collectively, our results show that PP-10 induces apoptosis via the JNK/SPAK and STAT3 signaling pathways in HepG2 and HuH7 hepatocarcinoma cells. -
Preparation and properties of antibacterial sodium dehydroacetate/modified film Original Article
FAN, Fei; LU, Ning; PU, Shunchang; YANG, FuxinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Antibacterial polyethylene (PE) packaging films were prepared by combining granulation and casting with antibacterial agents sodium dehydroacetate (SD) and potassium sorbate (PS). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the structure of the films, and the effects of various additives on their physical, optical, microstructure, thermal stability, and antibacterial properties were investigated. The results show that when the SD: PS ratio is 2:1, the antibacterial film has higher tensile strength (14.71 MPa) than pure PE film. When the SD: PS ratio is 3:1, the water vapor transmission coefficient is the lowest, and The increase of SD concentration can result in good antibacterial activity against various microbes. The film has excellent physical and antibacterial properties, making it ideal for food packaging. -
Roles of different packaging materials on the quality and shelf life of yogurt Original Article
RASUL, Soma Fatah; NOORI, Rabar Jalal; ALI, Kale Mohammed; KHDHIR, Rezhna Baiz; AHMED, Shakar Rasul; QADIR, Ako MajeedResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The main functions of food packaging are providing an essential protection from the environment and from chemical and physical challenges. This study evaluated the effect of different packaging material on the chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of yogurt during 14 days of storage. To investigate the potential impact of packaging on yogurt quality, five different types of packaging material used including Glass(A), Aluminum(B), non-identified plastic (C), Polypropylene plastic (PP) (D) and mud(E). The tested materials selected based on the highly uses for local yogurt packaging in Kurdistan region. Analyses of samples were carried out at 1st, 7th and 14th days of storage with in the same yogurt process and storage condition. For chemical tests (pH, titratable acidity and dry matter percentage) determined. In all cases, pH values significantly decreased over storage time (ranged from 4.6 to 4.2), whereas titratable acidity (ranged from 0.40% to 1.11%) and dry matter content gradually increased (ranged from 82.30% to 98%). To investigate the microbiological quality of yogurt samples, total viable count was obtained by inoculating the sample on nutrient agar (NA) and potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). During storage the number of isolates obtained varies from one yogurt sample to the other. After 14th days of storage Sample B has the highest bacteria and fungi count at 106 dilutions. For sensory evaluation a total of 12 members (six male and six female) participated and performed sensory analysis during 14 days storage. The result indicated that the yogurt samples did not show any significant difference among sensory properties in the 1st session. The scores of yogurt sample in aluminum container were slightly higher than others in most of the sensory properties in day 14th of storage. -
Study on food sampling routing system based on traveling salesman problem Original Article
THUC, Dao Chanh; CHEN, Tzu-Chia; WIDJAJA, Gunawan; GRIBKOVA, Vera; SHAKHOVSKOY, Andrey; CHETTHAMRONGCHAI, Paitoon; HOI, Huynh Tan; THOI, Nguyen Thi; SHARMA, Hari PrapanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The issue of preserving fresh food during the transportation is one of the long-standing issues for food distributors. On the other hand, the issue of vehicle routing is one of the most important issues in distribution management. Affecting the quality of food is the distribution process, which reduces the distribution time through vehicle routing plays an important role in reducing food spoilage. Therefore, in this study, the problem of vehicle routing in the distribution of perishable food materials is investigated. The time is different so that the distance is minimized and the capacities and time windows are not violated. This research aims to find facilities, identify the size of each cargo, and establish the most efficient vehicle routes to reduce overall costs at three levels in the event of a system failure. Undoubtedly, the traveling salesman issue is one of the most famous issues in the field of artificial intelligence. -
Surveillance for foodborne diseases in a sentinel hospital in Jinhua city, Midwest of Zhejiang province, China from 2016–2019 Original Article
XU, Fang-Rong; YANG, YangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To analysis the main clinical symptoms and causative hazards of foodborne disease outbreaks to provide a reference for the prevention, control, and early warning of foodborne diseases. 2,919 FBDs cases were collected and summarised through the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) surveillance system. Foodborne diseases were detected according to national standards. Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 12.0 were used for data descriptive analysis. The mean±standard deviation was used to describe the numerical variables, and the frequency and composition ratio were used to describe the classification variables. There were 2,919 FBDs cases included in the analysis. The highest number of cases occurred among students (41.49%) and farmers (22.85%). The months of August (398,13.63%), September (333,11.41%) and July (330,11.31%) accounted for most cases. The two most frequent pathogens supported by laboratory confirmation are Norovirus and Salmonella. The major symptoms of illness were diarrhoea (97.64%), fever (27.95%), abdominal pain (24.67%), vomiting (22.30%), and nausea (13.7%). This study revealed epidemiological characteristics of FBDs and identified some higher risk factors for interventions. Salmonella and Norovirus were the main pathogens. Foods from catering service settings and animal foods were the factors most likely to contribute to foodborne diseases. Most cases of intoxication and outbreaks were related to wild mushrooms. -
The kinetic behavior of antioxidant activity and the stability of aqueous and organic polyphenol extracts from navel orange peel Original Article
YU, Limei; WU, Yingxian; LIU, Dongjie; SHENG, Zhili; LIU, Junmei; CHEN, Haiguang; FENG, WeihuaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The kinetic behavior of the antioxidant activity of aqueous/organic polyphenol extracts from navel orange peel was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays to assess their capacity to scavenge DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The stability of polyphenol extracts, including the influencing factors of temperature, pH, light, and the correlation of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were also investigated. The kinetic reaction results showed that the antioxidant activity i.e. DPPH radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power depended on concentration and reaction time. Its stability in aqueous phase and organic phase was influenced by temperature, pH and light in varying degrees. 50 °C was a key temperature point above which the total polyphenol content and antioxidant ability decreased remarkably. The phenolic compounds were not stable at pH 7, but showed a strongest DPPH radical scavenging capacity in both aqueous and organic phases. Acidic conditions seemed to be better for maintaining antioxidant ability of extracts from navel orange peel than alkaline conditions in aqueous and organic phases. Avoiding light kept the extracted phenolic compounds stable. There is a significant correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. These results provide some basic understanding of extracts from navel orange peel and promote the application of the extracted polyphenol from navel orange peel as antioxidants. -
Transesterification synthesis of high-yield biodiesel from black soldier fly larvae by using the combination of Lipase Eversa Transform 2.0 and Lipase SMG1 Original Article
HE, Shi; LIAN, Weishuai; LIU, Xuan; XU, Wanli; WANG, Weifei; QI, SuijianResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The larvae of black soldier fly (BSFL) are rich in lipids, and in the current study, BSFL was used to produce biodiesel by enzymatic transesterification with methanol. Biodiesel obtained by free lipase-catalyzed transesterification is always with side-reactions. To address the limitation of free lipase, for the first time, Lipase SMG1 and Lipase Eversa Transform 2.0 were combined to use as catalysts at the same time. The effects of different reaction conditions on the yield of biodiesel were investigated, including the type of enzyme, reaction temperature, and molar ratio of BSFL to methanol. The molar ratio of BSFL to methanol 1:3, one-step addition of methanol at 25 °C were selected as optimal conditions. The fatty acid methyl ester content achieved to 98.45% after 8h reaction under the optimal conditions. Moreover, the main properties of the final biodiesel indicators met the EN14214 biodiesel standard. -
Trend and status of Food Science and Technology category based on the Essential Science Indicators during 2011 – 2021 Original Article
YUAN, Bao-Zhong; SUN, JieResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Based on the Essential Science Indicators database, this study analyzed 2,886 top papers in the subject category of Food Science and Technology from January 2011 to June 2021. The 2,886 top papers include 2,882 highly cited papers and 56 hot papers. All papers written in English, were from 10,698 authors, 2,666 organizations and 115 countries/territories, published in 106 journals and two book series in the field. The top five Journals are Food Chemistry, Food Hydrocolloids, Trends in Food Science Technology, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition and Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. The top six countries and regions were Peoples R China, USA, Spain, Italy, Brazil and India. The top six organizations of Jiangnan University, University of Massachusetts, South China University of Technology, Zhejiang University, Jiangsu University and University of Valencia were popular based on contribution of articles more than 45 papers each. The top five authors were Mcclements David Julian, Sun Da-Wen, Barba Francisco J., Lorenzo Jose M. and Zhang Min. All keywords were separated seven clusters for different research topic. Visualizations offer exploratory information on the current state in a scientific field or discipline as well as indicate possible developments in the future. -
Zingiber officinale attenuates neuroinflammation in LPS-stimulated mouse microglia by AKT/STAT3, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling Original Article
HAO, Suping; CHO, Byoung Ok; WANG, Feng; SHIN, Jae Young; SHIN, Da Jeong; JANG, Seon IlResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore the protective activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) root ethanol extract (GRE) on the neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in microglial cells. Ginger has been investigated as a neuroprotective and anti-aging agent. Nevertheless, ginger extract attenuates neuroinflammation in microglia have not been discovered in depth. The results showed that GRE had high total phenolic and (55.63 ± 0.16 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (4.33 ± 0.17 mg QUE/g), and antioxidant activity. GRE inhibited the release of cytokines and inflammatory mediators including COX-2, PGE2, Nitric oxide, interleukin-6, TNF-α, and iNOS. GRE ameliorated microglia-mediated neuronal insults via upregulating the expression of Bax and reducing the expression of Bcl-2. GRE suppressed NF-κB and AKT/STAT3, and the MAPK pathway in the neuroinflammatory response. In conclusions, GRE positively affected anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activity without serious side effects, which might be used as a functional food additive and/or therapeutic material for the management and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. -
Blanching effect on physicochemical and functional properties of flours processed from peeled and unpeeled white‐fleshed sweet potato Algerian cultivar Original Article
BELKACEMI, LouizaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract White sweet potato has high potential for flour production whose using in food preparations depends on its functional characteristics which in turn depend on variety, pretreatment methods and processing steps. This study investigated the effect of unpeeling and blanching on the chemical composition and functional properties of flour produced from white fleshed sweet potato Algerian cultivar. Sweet potato tubers were divided into two batches: a manually peeled batch and the unpeeled one, which were trimmed and soaked in water during 15 min. Each batch was then divided into two equal parts: one part was blanched in water at 100 °C for 5 min, the second part remained non-blanched. All samples were dried at 60 °C during 24 hours. The flours were analyzed for proximate composition, polyphenol and tannin content, and functional properties. Flour processed from unpeeling sweet potato exhibited higher (p < 0.001) lipid, starch, fiber, polyphenol and tannin content. Blanching decreased significantly polyphenols about 39% and 30% and tannins about 48% and 63%, respectively in unpeeled and peeled blanched SP-based flours. Finally, combination of both unpeeling and blanching increased water absorption capacity, swelling power, water solubility, emulsifying capacity of sweet potato flour which are interesting as properties in various food products. -
5-Aminolevulinic acid could enhance the salinity tolerance by alleviating oxidative damages in Salvia miltiorrhiza Original Article
LI, Xin; LI, Juanjuan; ISLAM, Faisal; NAJEEB, Ullah; PAN, Jianmin; HOU, Zhuoni; SHOU, Jianyao; QIN, Yebo; XU, LingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract S. miltiorrhiza is a Chinese medicinal plant that is widely cultivated. The root growth in S. miltiorrhiza are inhibited by soil salinity. Here we investigated the capability of a plant growth regulator, 5-ALA to promote the growth of S. miltiorrhiza under different salt stresses. Five-month old S. miltiorrhiza roots were uniformly irrigated with different levels of salt solution i.e. 0, 100, 200 mM NaCl. After 3 days of treatment, salt-treated S. miltiorrhiza plants were sprayed with different concentrations of ALA (0, 10 mg L-1, 20 mg L-1) on the leaves and cultured for another 7 days. Results revealed that ALA treated plants produced significantly higher biomass by sustaining leaf chlorophyll content under salt stressed. 10 mg L-1 ALA significantly up-regulated antioxidant enzymes activities under studied salinity treatments. Positive effects of ALA on antioxidant defense systems were also supported by a significant increase in the expression of SOD isoenzymes genes (CSD1, FSD1 and MSD2), defense response genes (DXS1, C4H, GGPPS) and stress-related gene (MYB36 , MYB39) of ALA treated plants. This study suggested that ALA can protect S. miltiorrhiza from salinity induced oxidative stress and injury by promoting antioxidant defense system, boosting secondary metabolic pathways and protecting photosynthetic pigments. -
Analysis of the potential of cupuaçu husks (Theobroma grandiflorum) as raw material for the synthesis of bioproducts and energy generation Original Article
MARASCA, Nicole; BRITO, Mateus Rodrigues; RAMBO, Michele Cristine Diel; PEDRAZZI, Cristiane; SCAPIN, Elisandra; RAMBO, Magale Karine DielResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Lignocellulosic waste is a valuable source of energy, fuels, and raw materials for the chemical industry. In this study, the potential of cupuaçu husks, derivative from a typical fruit of the Brazilian Amazon, was evaluated. Therefore, biomass was submitted to acid hydrolysis and pyrolysis, and the contents of sugars, by-products, bio-oil compounds, and bio-oil theoretical energy potential were determined. X-ray diffraction, High performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared and Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyzes were used. The hydrolysate has considerable sugar levels (31.7%) and presence of relevant by-products including furfural, levulinic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural. Bio-oil contained a variety of phenolic compounds, and its theoretical energy potential suggested usability of cupuaçu husks for energy generation. Economic analysis showed that commercialization of bioproducts obtained by biomass hydrolysis and pyrolysis could be highly profitable. These outcomes indicate a range of applications for cupuaçu husks in biorefinery processes and potential to promote sustainability and social development. -
Antioxidative stress effects of Humulus japonicus extracts on neuronal PC12 cells Original Article
WANG, Feng; SHIN, Jae Young; CHO, Byoung Ok; HAO, Suping; PARK, Ji Hyeon; JANG, Seon IlResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of the current study was to assess the antioxidant activity of different solvents containing Humulus japonicus extract (HJE) and their antioxidant effects on neurons. H. japonicus ethanol extracts (HEEs) together with H. japonicus water extracts (HWEs) were generated via extraction of H. japonicus leaves with 30%, 50%, and 80% ethanol solutions under a hot water temperature of 121 °C. HEEs showed higher levels of bioactive compounds, such as total flavonoids and polyphenols, with stronger antioxidant activities in contrast to HWEs. HEE (80%) showed the highest content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Next, we used a H2O2-induced rat model of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells to investigate the antioxidant activity and cellular signal regulation of 80% HEEs. The results showed that HJEs resisted oxidative stress via MAPK and/or AKT-NRF2 and NF-kappa B signaling pathways and upregulated antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, catalase, HO-1, and OGG1, thereby reducing intracellular ROS levels. Further, HJE promoted neuronal survival by upregulating sirtuin 1 expression. This study provides evidence supporting the potential benefits of HJE in preventing oxidative stress in PC12 cells, suggesting its application as a promising functional food additive or therapeutic agent for the prevention and the treatment of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases. -
Application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from industrial effluent for zinc biosorption and zinc-enriched SCP production for human and animal Original Article
FOROUGH, Saraei; KUMARSS, Amini; AZAM, Haddadi; MOHADDESEH, LarypoorResumo em Inglês:
Abstract We aimed to optimize the culture condition for industrial effluent isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to reach the highest zinc biosorption, biomass, and protein production for human and animals. S. cerevisiae strains carrying ZRT and FET genes were isolated from effluent samples and identified using standard methods. Subsequently, the growth rate of yeasts in the presence of Zn2+, as well as the level of Zn2+ uptake by the yeast cells, were examined at 24-hour intervals. RT-PCR technique was applied to quantify the expression level of the target genes in yeast cells. The effect of the initial pH of culture medium was studied on the yeast growth rate, zinc absorption, and target genes expression. After setting the optimum pH, Kjeldahl method was applied for assessment of the total protein content of yeast cells. In the optimum conditions, S. cerevisiae showed the maximum growth rate, zinc uptake, and expression level of Zrt1 and Fet4. In addition, protein content of S. cerevisiae biomass in this optimum condition was above 50% (w/w). We demonstrated that S. cerevisiae species isolated from industrial effluents could be considered as highly promising candidates for producing Zn-enriched single cell protein. However, further research is believed to be required. -
Organic vs conventional agriculture: evaluation of cadmium in two of the most consumed vegetables in Brazil Original Article
MUNIZ, Andressa da Silva; CARVALHO, Guisleyne Aparecida D’arc de; RAICES, Renata Santana Lorenzo; SOUZA, Simone Lorena Quiterio deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Cadmium (Cd) concentrations were evaluated in conventionally and organically grown foods. The samples were prepared, submitted to acid extraction and analyzed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). The mean concentration of Cd found in organic lettuce samples was 0.0811 ± 0.0367 mg kg-1, while in conventional lettuce samples it was 0.1549 ± 0.0266 mg kg-1. Organic carrot samples had a mean concentration of Cd of 0.1064 ± 0.0553 mg kg-1, while samples of carrots cultivated by the conventional method had a mean concentration of 0.1174 ± 0.0780 mg kg-1. It was observed that conventionally cultivated foods in individual evaluations presented concentrations of 1.2 to 3.1 times higher of Cd when compared to organic vegetables. The Brazilian legislation regarding the detection of Cd is established by RDC nº 42. It can be inferred that the average concentrations found in this study are within the values established by the legislation. When considering Cd exposure through vegetable consumption by evaluating the estimated daily metal intake (EDI) and the target hazard quotients (THQ), the samples did not present a potential health risk. -
Carcass characteristics and pork quality of pigs fed diets containing crude glycerin and ractopamine Original Article
BARROS, Imara Guimarães Lima; GARBOSSA, Cesar Augusto Pospissil; ALBUQUERQUE, Tatiane Mendonça Nogueira Carneiro de; COUTO, Claudiana Esteves; SILVA JUNIOR, Sudário Roberto; PINTO, Adriana Brasil Ferreira; FARIA, Peter Bitencourt; NAVES, Luciana de PaulaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of crude glycerin, with or without ractopamine, in the diet of finishing barrows on carcass characteristics and pork quality. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with four concentrations of crude glycerin (0, 100, 150, or 200 g/kg) and two concentrations of ractopamine (0 or 10 mg/kg). There was no interaction between the crude glycerin concentrations and the ractopamine use as well as there was no isolated effect of the dietary crude glycerin concentration for all the evaluated traits. However, the dietary ractopamine increased the hot (p = 0.021) and cold (p=0.020) carcass weight, the hot carcass yield (p = 0.038), the shear force (p = < 0.0001), lightness (L* index) (p = 0.043), hue angle (h*) (p = 0.026), and C16:1 (p = 0.023) concentration in the loin. Moreover, the dietary ractopamine decreased the red content (a* value) (p = 0.043), the activity of C16-C18 elongase (p = 0.037) and the C18:0 (p = 0.021) concentration in the loin. The inclusion of up to 200 g/kg crude glycerin in the diet of finishing pigs may be used as a partial substitute for dietary corn, combined or not with 10 mg/kg ractopamine, without impair the evaluated carcass characteristics and the quality of the loin. -
Analysis of the stability of phycocyanin when trehalose and citric acid are used as protectants in nutraceutical gelatin candies under in vitro digestion assays’ Original Article
VÁZQUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ, Josmar Araud; ESCALANTE, Froylán Mario EspinozaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Natural pigments are high value molecules for food industry as well as pharmacy, perceived as the best choice for today’s consumers given their origin and safety. However, its use is limited by its lability which hinders its application in products. In this work there was evaluated the stability of phycocyanin C in gelatin candies when added with trehalose and citric acid; the formulated candies were digested in synthetic gastric juice with pepsin. There were calculated predictive equations correlating the concentration of pigment as function of time, additives, and enzymatic presence. It was observed that phycocyanin can supports the gastric juice and pepsin when combined with trehalose for enough time to pass thru the digestive tract. It was concluded that the inclusion of trehalose in the formulation led to a longer stability of the pigment. Besides, it was determined that gelatin candies are a good vector to deliver phycocyanin C to the intestine. -
Effects of NaHCO3 on the colour, tenderness, and water distribution of raw and cooked marinated beef Original Article
KANG, Zhuang-Li; GAO, Zai-Shang; ZOU, Xiao-Li; LI, Yan-Ping; MA, Han-JunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Effects of NaHCO3 addition (0.2-0.8%) on the colour, shear force, and water distribution of raw and cooked marinated beef were investigated. The pH and cooking yield were found to be significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the shear force, L* and b* values were significantly decreased with increasing NaHCO3 amounts, except for samples with 0.6% and 0.8% NaHCO3, for which the cooking yield and shear force remained unaffected. Furthermore, the initial relaxation times T21 and T22 of marinated beef were, and the mobility of water in the raw marinated beef was reduced (P < 0.05) with increasing NaHCO3 content. This was due to the carbon dioxide production disrupting the beef structure during heating process. The mobility of water in the cooked marinated beef was found to be improved. In conclusion, NaHCO3 addition improved the water holding capacity and tenderness of marinated beef. -
Bactericidal effect of nisin and reuterin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus ATCC 25937 Original Article
YEHIA, Hany Mohamed; ALKHURIJI, Afrah Fahad; SAVVAIDIS, Ioannis; Al-MASOUD, Abdulrahman HamadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Nisin and reuterin are used in processed foods as preservatives. They are considered to be potential sources of natural antibiotics for the treatment of food contaminated by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus. We try to compare the best effect of both nisin and reuterin on the growth of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus ATCC 25923. The results indicated that nisin at different concentrations inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant S. aureus after 4 h, whereas after 12 and 24 h, the bacteria have regrown and reactivated. S. aureus ATCC 25923 was not affected by nisin concentration and has continuously grew at all times. Reuterin at different concentrations gradually inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. aureus ATCC 25923 and declined after 12 h for both. Therefore, it can be deduced that nisin alone exerts a bacteriostatic effect on methicillin-resistant S. aureus but not on S. aureus ATCC 25923. Reuterin is considered as bactericidal effect on both microorganisms. The combination of nisin at a concentration of 25.6 and reuterin at a concentration of 5.2 mg/mL exerted a bactericidal effect on both microorganisms. By mixing nisin with reuterin, it can be more active against both microorganisms. -
Effects of different frozen storage conditions on the functional properties of wheat gluten protein in nonfermented dough Original Article
ZHANG, Lin; ZENG, Jie; GAO, Haiyan; ZHANG, Keke; WANG, MengyuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The functional properties of wheat gluten protein isolated from nonfermented dough stored at -6 °C, -12 °C, -18 °C, -24 °C and -30 °C for 10 d, 20 d and 30 d were investigated. The solubility and water holding capacity of gluten protein decreased with decreasing frozen storage temperatures and increasing frozen storage time. The foamability of gluten protein was not affected by different frozen storage temperatures. However, the foamability of gluten protein decreased with extension of the frozen storage time. The storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") of gluten decreased with decreasing frozen storage temperatures. Meanwhile, the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") of gluten increased with extension of the frozen storage time. When the frozen storage temperature of gluten was -12°C, the frozen water content was lower than that in gluten with other frozen storage temperatures. The water migration of gluten protein under different frozen storage temperatures and times was measured by low-field NMR. The microstructure of gluten protein was also observed under a scanning electron microscope. It was found that more serious damage to the gluten structure occurred with lower freezing temperatures and longer freezing times. -
Effect of Hypsizygus marmoreus powder on cooking characteristics, color and texture of wheat noodles Original Article
TANG, Baosha; WU, Li; WENG, Minjie; CHEN, Junchen; LI, Yibin; LAI, PufuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Hypsizygus marmoreus is a kind of edible fungus with high nutritional value. This investigation evaluated the influence of Hypsizygus marmoreus powder on the quality characteristics of noodles. The cooking time, cooked breaking ratio, cooking loss rate, color difference value, texture and sensory of noodles were measured. The addition of 4% to 20% mass fraction of mushroom powder had no significant effect on the cooking time and hardness of the noodles. The cooked breaking ratio of noodles increased from 0% to 13.27%, the cooking loss rate increased from 3.47% to 10.73%, the color difference value increased from 18.23 to 23.58, and the chewing hardness increased from 4569.66 g to 5888.68 g, with the mass fraction of mushroom powder increased from 0% to 20%. The sensory of noodles with 4% mushroom powder is the best. This study provides a certain theoretical basis for the further processing of Hypsizygus marmoreus. -
Active compounds from the industrial residue of dry camu-camu Original Article
ARAÚJO, Patrícia Argemira da Costa; GARCIA, Vitor Augusto dos Santos; OSIRO, Denise; FRANÇA, Daiane de Souza; VANIN, Fernanda Maria; CARVALHO, Rosemary Aparecida deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This paper evaluated the drying kinetics at different temperatures and the effect of the drying temperature on the physical-chemical properties and active compounds of the residue from the industrial processing of camu-camu. The drying temperatures of 40, 50, and 60 °C were evaluated. The residues dried at different temperatures were characterized in terms of their pH, water activity, anthocyanins, flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The parameters of the Page model showed the best adjustments to the experimental data. Drying affected the concentration of active compounds in the camu-camu residue. At 60 °C, the degradation of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic compounds was lower than in the dry residue, possibly because less time was required to achieve equilibrium in moisture content. Thus, in order to maintain higher concentrations of active compounds in the residue, drying at higher temperatures is recommended. -
Nutritional value of Brazilian mangrove mussel (Mytella falcata) burger supplemented with refined or herb salts Original Article
LIRA, Giselda Macena; LOPEZ, Ana Maria Queijeiro; NANES, Gabriela Marques de Farias; SANTOS, Caroliny Fenandes de Melo; RAMOS, Gabriela Mendonça; Silva, Fernanda Geny Calheiros; Guedes, Cíntia Karla Rodrigues do Monte; NASCIMENTO, Ticiano Gomes doResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The mangrove mussel Mytella falcata (d'Orbigny, 1846), synonym of M. charruana (d'Orbigny, 1842), has a good nutritional, functional and low cost value. The effect of refined or herb salts in the preparation of sururu burger was evaluated through the determination of proximate composition, cholesterol content, fatty acid profile and acceptability index. In herbs, phenols were evaluated. In both formulations, the protein content was above the minimum limit (15%) required by the Food Brazilian law, while the fat percentage was lower than the stablished (5%). Due to oxidation reactions, the total cholesterol content in the preparations supplemented with refined salt was significant lower (p ≤ 0.05) than that in the burgers without salt supplementation or with the herb salt. The fatty acids were more preserved in the preparation with herb salt, once the herbs are rich in phenols with high antioxidant capacity. Oregano had a significant higher content of total phenols (p ≤ 0.05), compared to rosemary and parsley. In relation to the flavor, as the Brazilian public is more adapted to more salty formulations, the acceptability index of the formulation with refined salt was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05). -
Specialized food product for diabetic diet “Inullact-Fito” Original Article
ZHUMABAYEV, Ualikhan; KYDYRALIEVA, Mereke; OSPANOVA, Elmira; NAIMANBAYEVA, Raushan; DUYSEMBAYEVA, BaktylyResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious medical, social and economic health problems in countries of all worlds. The incidence of diabetes mellitus on the globe doubles every 10 to 15 years, acquiring the character of a non-infectious epidemic. According to the latest data from The International Diabetes Federation the number of patients with diabetes among adults (20-79 years old) in the world in 2015 was 415 million, that is, about 9% of the total population, of which more than 90% are patients with type 2nd diabetes. According to forecasts, by 2030, their number will be up to 439 million. In recent years, the interest of scientists around the world to study the pharmacological properties of medicinal plants has increased. Extensive factual material has accumulated on the beneficial effects of various medicinal plants and fees in the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus, as well as the possibility of correcting natural products, such as camel and mare's milk, containing ingredients that have a hypoglycemic effect. The aim of the study was to develop recipes and technologies for a specialized food product based on camel milk in combination with extracts of medicinal plants with antidiabetic properties and to evaluate the possibility of their use for the prevention and in the complex therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Taking into account the medical requirements for diet therapy for type diabetes the recipes and technology of a specialized food product of diabetic nutrition "Inullact-Fito" have been developed. The possibility of using medicinal extracts in the development of a specialized fermented milk product was evaluated, and the concentrations of applying medicinal extracts to the food product were worked out. The technology of step-by-step mixing contributed to the uniform distribution of biologically active substances in the mass of the product. The absence of sucrose and digestible polysaccharides in the composition of the developed specialized food product of diabetic nutrition was established. The results of laboratory tests indicate an improvement in the quality characteristics without any stabilizers and preservatives. The humidity does not exceed the standard values for similar products, the values of the "milk acidity" indicator are characteristic of products with low acidity, along with improved organoleptic properties, which justifies the microbiological stability of the developed product during storage. The products are balanced in amino acid composition, have a high score of essential amino acids due to the introduction of a combination of proteins from medicinal plant extracts. The consumption of one serving (200 g) of the product in the form of bio-yogurt provides the average daily requirement for essential amino acids by 12-21%, polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3 – by 10%, ω-6-by 20%, B vitamins – by 12-17%, C-by 33%, β-carotene-by 22%, E-by 10%, macro-and microelements-by 12-30%. The content of polyphenols is 48% of the adequate level of consumption. The inclusion of a specialized food product of diabetic nutrition "Inullact-Fito" in the hypocaloric diet shows an antioxidant, immunostimulating effect and leads to the stabilization of postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with type 2nd diabetes mellitus. -
Antimicrobial activity of Rhus Coriaria L. and Salvia Urmiensis bunge against some food-borne pathogens and identification of active components using molecular networking and docking analyses Original Article
GHANE, Maryam; BABAEEKHOU, Laleh; SHAMS, MasumehResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This research aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) and Salvia urmiensis Bunge against some food-borne pathogens, survey the phytochemical constituents of the extracts, and their activity against some drug targets in pathogens. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated against six pathogens using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Both extracts exhibited antibacterial activity and the highest activity was obtained by sumac against Staphylococcus aureus (27.7 ± 0.8 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of sumac against tested bacteria were in the range of 0.125-0.5 and 0.25-1 mg/mL, respectively. S. urmiensis showed weaker antimicrobial activity with a MIC range of 2-4 mg/mL. A molecular networking analysis of extracts resulted in annotation of 18 and 12 compounds from the methanol extracts of S. urmiensis and sumac respectively, which mainly were related to flavonoids. Molecular docking analysis could effectively characterize some glycosylated flavonoids with a high binding affinity to the studied enzymes. This study confirmed the efficacy of sumac and S. urmiensis extracts as natural antimicrobial agents and introduced a wide range of compounds, which can be used in food preservation to control foodborne pathogens in food. -
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and machine learning to predict amino acid content of nine commercial insects Original Article
HOU, Yinchen; ZHAO, Penghui; ZHANG, Fan; YANG, Shengru; RADY, Ahmed; WIJEWARDANE, Nuwan K.; HUANG, Jihong; LI, MengxingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The nutritional profile, especially amino acid profile, determines the quality and commercial value of insect protein products. Multiple previous studies have used spectroscopy technologies and machine learning algorithms to predict essential amino acid content in various foods and feeds. However, these approaches were not applied for predicting essential amino acid content in insects before. In this study, 200 insect samples containing 9 commercial insect species were collected. Machine learning methods were applied to build the prediction models to predict amino acid content using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) raw spectra and first derivative. For all amino acids, partial least square regression, decision tree and radial basis artificial neural network exhibited high performances to predict essential amino acids. Model performances were improved for some amino acids using first derivative than using raw spectra. The highest performance (coefficient of determination: 0.97, root mean square error of prediction: 0.05 g/100 g and ratio of performance: 4.07) was achieved for phenylalanine prediction using radial basis artificial neural network modeling. The high model performance indicates the potential of applying FTIR and subsequent machine learning modeling for fast and non-destructive prediction of amino acid of insect products. -
The calcium supplementation effect of calcium-binding oligopeptides from bonito (Auxis thazard) hydrolysate in rats Original Article
JI, Wei; CHEN, Ming; JI, HongwuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Sixty Ca-deficient male Wistar rats were divided into six groups to investigate the effect of a calcium-binding bonito hydrolysate (PBH-Ca) on calcium bioavailability in rats, including the normal group, the control groups (PBH + CaCO3 group and the CaCO3 group), and three PBH-Ca groups with doses of 2,000 (PBH-Ca-H group), 1,000 (PBH-Ca-M group), and 500 (PBH-Ca-L group) mg/kg body wt/day. Each group was given the corresponding drug by intragastric administration for 4 weeks. The indices measured included the rate of increase in body weight and body length, apparent calcium absorption rate, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), and trabecular microstructure of the rats scanned by micro-computed tomography. The results showed that PBH-Ca promoted the growth of rats, significantly increased the apparent calcium absorption rate and the number of bone trabeculae, stabilized serum calcium and serum phosphorus content in serum, significantly inhibited ALP activity, decreased the separation of bone trabeculae, accelerated bone growth of rats, and raised the BV/TV and femoral BMD in the rats. These results illustrate that PBH-Ca has promising potential in a high-quality calcium diet. -
Production of instant pomelo peel powder by spray drying: Optimization of wall material composition to microencapsulate phenolic compounds Original Article
TO, Nguyen Phuoc Mai; HA, Thanh Toan; NGUYEN, Van Muoi; TRAN, Thanh TrucResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Microencapsulation technique helps to protect the core materials from deterioration, thereby improving the bioavailability of active compounds. In microencapsulation, the wall properties determine the encapsulation efficiency, and better results can be achieved when a mixture of multiple wall materials is used. This study aimed to optimize the wall material composition of pomelo peel (Citrus maxima (Burn.) Merr.) microcapsules prepared by spray drying technology to achieve the best values of polyphenol recovery and encapsulation efficiency. Response surface methodology was employed and a Box-Behnken design was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables, including the concentrations of resistant maltodextrin, pectin, β-cyclodextrin, and gum arabic. The concentration of the feeding liquid, and spray drying inlet and outlet temperatures were fixed at 30 °Bx, 180 °C, and 65 °C, respectively. The results showed that the optimized wall material composition consisted of 52.66% maltodextrin, 0.92% pectin, 5.30% β-cyclodextrin, and 6.28% gum arabic. Using this formula, the polyphenol recovery yield was found to be 78.86%, while the encapsulation efficiency was 77.78%, which agreed well with the predicted values of 78.90% and 77.67%. These results strongly indicate that the optimized wall material composition proposed in this study may be beneficial in the encapsulation process. -
Comparison of serum cytokines for bacteremia and fungemia in rat bloodstream infection model Original Article
SUN, Jingjing; CHENG, Zhenyun; YE, YafeiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Objective We aim to measure the serum levels of cytokines/chemokines in cases of candidemia and bacteremia using mouse model. Methods and Materials: Mice models of bloodstream infection (BSI) with Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), Enterococcus faecalis (Ef), Escherichia coli (Ec), Klebsiella pneumonia (Kp), Candida albicans (Ca) and Candida parapsilosis (Cp) were established. Cytokines and chemokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, MIP-1β, MIP-2 and G-CSF in serum were detected by Luminex xMAP assay and were compared among different groups at different time points. Results: TNF-α, IL-1β and G-CSF first increased and then decreased after infection in all infection groups, while IL-10 decreased to the minimum levels 12h after injection and then gradually increased. As for IL-17, MIP-1β and MIP-2, they increased more rapidly than the other cytokines and then also decreased. The maximum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17 MIP-1β and MIP-2 were all higher in GN group, when compared with GP groups and fungemia groups. Peak level of G-CSF in GP groups was higher than the other two groups, while IL-10 was the highest in fungemia groups. Conclusion: Our study indicates that variation trend of serum cytokines and chemokines were different in bacterial or fungal BSI models. -
Unraveling the effects of Lactobacillus sakei inoculation on the microbial quality and bacterial community diversity of chili sauce by high-throughput sequencing Original Article
ZHANG, Yalin; ZHU, Wenyou; REN, Hongyang; TIAN, Tian; WANG, XinhuiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, the effects of the starter culture Lactobacillus sakei on microbial quality and the bacterial community diversity of chili sauce were investigated. In starter culture inoculated chili sauce (CPN sample), Lactobacillus spp. was predominant bacteria with 86.08% of the relative abundance on the 30th day of fermentation. Meanwhile, the spoilage organisms and pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Neorhizobium spp. were nearly undetectable in starter culture inoculated chili sauce. In contrast, Lactobacillus spp. and Weissella spp. were predominant bacteria, and trace Pseudomonas spp. and Neorhizobium spp. were still detectable at the end of fermentation in the spontaneous fermentation (CPS sample). These results revealed that L. sakei could be used as a potential starter culture for the microbial quality improvement. -
Puerariae Flos extracts possess the potential antioxidant efficacy against oxidant stress Original Article
SEON, Ho-Young; JEON, So-Heon; YIM, Soon-HoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, yield of Puerariae Flos extract showed 60% ethanol gave the highest yield of 26.34%. Total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents were highest in 40% ethanol extract (5.86 mg TAE/g) and hot water extract (3.06 mg CE/g), respectively. Evaluation of the reducing power of transition metal ions such as phosphomolybdenum and ferric tripyridyltriazine complex were high in 100% ethanol extract (4.41 mg AAE/g) and hot water extract (42.62 µM TE/g), respectively. Evaluation of free radical scavenging activity such as DPPH, ABTS and NO were excellent in 40% ethanol extract (95.74 µM TE/g, 17.78 µM TE/g, 175.5 µg/mL) and the HP radical scavenging activity was excellent in 80% ethanol extract (308.3 µg/mL), respectively. A positive correlation (p < 0.01) was showed between TFC and FRAP assay (r = 0.866) highest significant. The correlation between PMA and ABTS radical scavenging activity was significantly high with r = 0.913 (p < 0.01). The overall results of this work showed that Puerariae Flos is a candidate natural source of antioxidants. -
Revealing the action mechanisms of scutellarin against glioblastoma based on network pharmacology and experimental validation Original Article
SUN, Junzhao; WANG, Hongwei; CHENG, Gang; ZHANG, Leiming; QU, Zhifeng; HAN, Chengchen; ZHENG, Wei; WU, Lin; ZHANG, JianningResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Scutellarin, a flavonoid compound found in Scutellaria barbata, has been demonstrated to exert anti-cancer properity in a variety of human malignancies. However, its biological significance and underlying mechanism in glioblastoma (GBM) remain ambiguous. Network pharmacology approaches and molecular docking technologies were used to predict the crucial biological processes, candidate targets and signaling pathways of scutellarin against GBM. CCK-8, EdU, and colony formation experiments were performed to determine the effects of scutellarin on cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis was utilized to detect apoptosis. Western blot assays were used to measure the expression of proteins associated with EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling. Through network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis, we found that EGFR might be a potential target and PI3K-AKT signaling might be the key signaling pathway for scutellarin to combat GBM. Scutellarin inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Scutellarin also suppressed the phosphorylation level of EGFR in a dose-dependent manner. Scutellarin inactivated PI3K-AKT signaling by targeting EGFR. Moreover, scutellarin-mediated suppression of cell proliferation and increase of apoptosis was greatly reversed in GBM after overexpressing EGFR. Taken together, scutellarin is a novel inhibitor of EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling to prevent GBM progression. -
Identification and molecular docking of two novel peptides with xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity from Auxis thazard Original Article
WEI, Liuyi; JI, Hongwu; SONG, Wenkui; PENG, Shuo; ZHAN, Suhong; QU, Yushan; CHEN, Ming; ZHANG, Di; LIU, ShuchengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Auxis thazard meat was hydrolyzed by alkaline protease. Auxis thazard hydrolysate (ATH) obtained was isolated by ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Two peptides with high XOD inhibitory activity purified from ATH were identified as Pro-Asp-Leu (PDL, 344.87 Da) and Ser-Val-Gly-Gly-Ala-Leu (SVGGAL, 504.26 Da) by UPLC-MS/MS, which possessed high in vitro XOD inhibitory activity with the IC50 values of 4.37 ± 0.11 mg mL-1 and 5.59 ± 0.09 mg mL-1, respectively. Molecular simulation indicated that PDL and SVGGAL binded to XOD mainly through hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, thereby inhibiting XOD activity. The research results suggested that the two peptides had potential application prospects as a safe XOD inhibitor substance for hyperuricemia treatment. -
Hygiene conditions of mussels Perna perna captured in Niterói, RJ, Brazil: thermal intervention and microbiological evaluation Original Article
ANDRADE, Nayara Martins de; CARVALHO, Alice Marqui de; SALEH, Mariana Marques; FONSECA, Ana Beatriz Monteiro; MESQUITA, Eliana de Fátima Marques de; DUARTE, Maria Carmela Kasnowski Holanda; CALIXTO, Flávia Aline Andrade; NASCIMENTO, Elmiro Rosendo doResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Bivalve molluscs are important fishing resources for human consumption around the world. However, for safe consumption, good hygiene conditions must be ensured throughout the production chain. Eating bivalve molluscs, particularly raw, can pose a significant health risk to consumers because they can act as vectors of infectious pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of mussels from Niterói, RJ and the use of cooking to ensure food safety, as well as assessing the susceptibility of Escherichia coli and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus strains to different antimicrobials. Therefore, microbiological analyzes were performed on mussels Perna perna before and after thermal processing, the impact of cooking on the microorganisms was verified. Cooking the mussels in water at 95°C for 1 (one) minute reduced product contamination. The use of the time x temperature binomial was sufficient to reduce pathogenic microorganisms to acceptable levels according to Brazilian legislation, although the pathogens were only completely eliminated after five minutes. The bacteria investigated had a high antibiotic resistance index: 66% of E. coli strains and 34.78% of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus strains were found to be resistant to multiple drugs. -
Combinations of traditional kombucha tea with medicinal plant extracts for enhancement of beneficial substances and activation of apoptosis signaling pathways in colorectal cancer cells Original Article
KAEWKOD, Thida; SANGBOONRUANG, Sirikwan; KHACHA-ANANDA, Supakit; CHAROENRAK, Sonthirat; BOVONSOMBUT, Sakunnee; TRAGOOLPUA, YingmaneeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Traditional kombucha tea was prepared by black tea leaves before fermentation with symbiotic microorganisms for 15 days. In this study, kombucha was prepared through a combination with medicinal plant extracts of T. catappa (KT) and A. marmelos (KA) to enhance a number of beneficial aspects. The results revealed that the phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidants and six organic acids, namely glucuronic, gluconic, D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (DSL), acetic, ascorbic, and succinic acids, in kombucha combined with the medicinal plant extracts resulted in the production of substances with greater beneficial properties than traditional kombucha tea. The viability of colorectal cancer cells (Caco-2) after treatment with KT and KA was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner, while DNA fragmentation in Caco-2 cells was induced via the apoptosis mechanism. This process involved the apoptosis pathways related to the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, which was activated by KT and KA through the mitochondrial-dependent pathways including cytochrome c release and Bcl-2 suppression, and activation of caspases-9 and caspases-3. The findings of this study support the enhanced beneficial properties of traditional kombucha tea through a combination with medicinal plants. This outcome would also support the consideration of natural supplementary kombucha beverages as medicinal food products in the prevention of colorectal cancer. -
Identification of lactobacilli from milk enzymatic clots and evaluation of their probiotic and antimicrobial properties Original Article
KOUSHA, Sanaz; AHARI, Hamed; KARIM, Gity; ANVAR, Seyed Amir AliResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the probiotic characteristics profile of the isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from cow milk enzymatic clots. Some criteria for probiotic potential such as fermentation profile, acid and bile tolerance, bile salt hydrolysis, antimicrobial activities, lactic acid and bacteriocin production assay, acidification and coagulation, and hemolytic properties were examined. 16S rDNA-based method was applied to confirm the identity of the isolated LABs. LAB E showed the highest resistance to acidic environments. In bile conditions, the number of LAB B and D colonies was also significantly reduced from about 107 to 102 after 1 hour and to less than 100 after 2 and 4 hours. None of the strains showed sensitivity against fungal and microbes except Escherichia coli. This study showed that LABs B, E, and G isolated from cow milk enzymatic clots presented good properties to consider as probiotics and to use for the production of probiotic dairies. -
Optimization of ultrasound-homogenization combined extraction of phenolics in peony roots and leaves Original Article
WANG, Chunyu; LI, Nana; WU, Liyang; XIA, Libin; HU, Zhiyong; LI, Xiaojun; QU, Zhican; YANG, JingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Paeonia ostii is the representative of oil-utilized peony, its roots (PR) and leaves (PL) are discarded as by-products, resulting in a waste of resources. The exploration of extraction process of active ingredients from PR/PL is beneficial to the comprehensive utilization. In this work, the optimum process of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAEo) of total flavonoids content (TFC) from PR and PL was determined by single factor and response surface methodology. The results showed that UAEo was 80 min, 1:5 g/mL, 250 W, 33.83 mg Rutin/g dw for PR and 60 min, 1:10 g/mL, 250 W, 25.85 mg Rutin/g dw for PL. Then, Homogenization-Assisted Extraction (HAE), Homogenization-Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (HUAEo) and Ultrasound-Homogenization-Assisted Extraction (UHAEo) were further analyzed. The highest PR(PL)-TFC by HUAEo at homogenization 5 min was 49.58 ± 0.25 mg/g with an increase of 46.6% (33.02 ± 0.04 mg/g with an increase of 27.7%). The highest PR/PL-total phenolic content by the HUAEo reached 77.84 ± 0.52 mg/g dw and 146.62 ± 2.77 mg/g dw for homogenization 3 min. However, there was no significant difference between HUAEo and UHAEo. In conclusion, the TFC increased with the extension of HAE time, and the combined extraction was higher yield than the single extraction. -
Corosolic acid improves erectile function in metabolic syndrome rats by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and increasing nitric oxide bioavailability Original Article
LI, Bi-Bo; PANG, Kun; HAO, Lin; ZANG, Guang-Hui; WANG, Jian; WANG, Xi-Tao; ZHANG, Jian-Jun; CAI, Long-Jun; YANG, Chen-Di; HAN, Cong-HuiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the effect of corosolic acid treatment on erectile function in metabolic syndrome induced rat model. Fifty male 3-week-old SD rats were fed a high fat and high sugar diet. Six months later, metabolic variables were determined. Metabolic syndrome induced erectile function (MED) rats were confirmed by an apomorphine test. Then MED rats were treated with corosolic acid daily by oral gavage for 4 weeks. To evaluate erectile function, intracavernosal pressure (ICP)/mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) ratio was measured. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay and dihydroethidium staining were used to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Protein expressions of gp91phox and eNOS were examined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Fasting blood glucose, body weight, total cholesterol and insulin were markedly increased in metabolic syndrome rats compared with those of the control rats (p < 0.05). The ratios of max ICP/MAP and area under curve (AUC)/MAP was markedly reduced in MED rats compared with the control rats (p < 0.05). The concentration of cyclic guanosine mono-phosphate (cGMP) and the expression of eNOS were significantly decreased in MED rats compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, ROS level and the expression of gp91phox were significantly increased in MED rats. Treatment with corosolic acid reversed these changes (each p < 0.05). Corosolic acid reduces the level of ROS, ameliorating endothelial dysfunction and improvement of erectile function in MED rats. -
The influence of Nutren on postoperative nutritional status, inflammation and incision healing in patients with colon cancer Original Article
REN, Hong-Chang; HUANG, Zhi-Jun; YANG, He-Ming; YANG, Jian-WuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore the impact of Nutren on postoperative nutritional status, incision healing and inflammation in patients with colon cancer (CC). Division of 94 patients with CC as the research object was into the observation group (51 cases) and the control (43 cases) on the grounds of postoperative enteral nutrition support (ENS). Analysis of the influence of Nutren on postoperative nutritional status, inflammation and incision healing was performed. No distinct differences between the two groups in surgical efficacy, survival rate, distant metastasis rate and recurrence rate after surgery of 2 years (P > 0.05); The incision healing time of the observation was shorter versus the control, and the incision healing was superior versus the control. Hemoglobin, albumin and total plasma protein of 14 d after operation were elevated versus the control, and c-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 were declined versus the control (P < 0.05). Giving of enteral nutrition support is to patients after CC radical resection, which is available to ameliorate the nutritional status, accelerate incision healing, and decline inflammation. -
Effect of pre-injection of Shenfu injection on the hemodynamics of elderly patients with hypertension undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer Original Article
KE, Weiqi; JI, Xuan; WANG, Yuting; GUO, Xukeng; ZHUANG, ShaohuiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the effect of pre-injection Shenfu injection on the hemodynamics of radical resection of colorectal cancer in elderly patients with hypertension. The candidates were randomly divided into control group (receiving pre-injection of sodium chloride injection) and research group (receiveing pre-injection of Shenfu injection) before anesthesia induction. The perioperative hemodynamic changes and use of vasoactive drugs were compared. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) values in the research group were lower than those in the control group at the time of tracheal tube extraction (P < 0.05). The use rate of antihypertensive drugs in the research group was lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Pre-injection of Shenfu in elderly hypertensive patients had no influence on anesthesia effect and it can reduce the volatility of hemodynamic parameters, decrease the use of vasoactive drugs. -
Antioxidant activity and inhibitory efficacy of Citrus grandis peel extract against carbohydrate digestive enzymes in vitro Original Article
HA, Thanh Toan; MAI, To Nguyen Phuoc; TRAN, Thanh Truc; NGUYEN, Nguyen Hong Khoi; LE, Truong Dang; NGUYEN, Van MuoiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Citrus peel extract has been observed with many beneficial-promoting effects. Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L) Osbeck) peel extracts (PPE) from the flavedo and albedo of two varieties namely Long Co Co and Thanh Kieu were investigated. In this study, the qualitative analysis indicated the presence of phytochemical groups including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannin in the PPE from the flavedo and albedo. The PPE from the Thanh Kieu flavedo was found to possess the highest antioxidant activity at the EC50 values of 60.89 ± 0.31 µg/mL, 60.69 ± 0.21 µg/mL, and 24.16±0.06 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay. However, the Long Co Co albedo- PPE induced better inhibitory effect against α-amylase (EC 232-560-9) and α-glucosidase (EC 232-604-7) with respect to EC50 values of 3.59 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 80.77 ± 0.34 µg/mL. This result suggested potential in the anti-hyperglycemic effect of pomelo peel extract from the flavedo and albedo that can serve as a nutraceutical in food and pharmaceutical industries. -
Development and storage stability of conjugated linoleic acid fortified yogurt Original Article
NAEEM, Sadia; AHMAD, Nazir; IMRAN, Muhammad; HUSSAIN, Syed MakhdoomResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The core objective of this research work was to fortify milk with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and to develop yogurt. Cow milk was analyzed for proximate analysis, minerals content, fatty acid profile and CLA content. After chemical analysis, milk was fortified with 1, 2 and 3% of CLA and yogurts were made. CLA fortified yogurts of cow milk was analyzed for proximate analysis, titratable acidity, synersis, pH, viscosity, CLA and sensory evaluation. Results showed that the proximate composition significantly changed particular fat. CLA contents also changed significantly. The value of titratable acidity was changed significantly in all treatments whereas the entire samples showed lower value of pH after 14 days storage. All treatments showed higher values of viscosity at 0 day and decreased significantly at 14th day. Yogurt samples showed the lowest syneresis value after 14 days of storage. All the treatments were showed overall acceptability. The sensory evaluation indicated good sensory and high textural quality with the maximum consumer satisfactoriness. The results showed that CLA fortification can meet recommended CLA dietary intake for health benefits. -
Effect of Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch on oil uptake and physical properties of French fries Original Article
NGATIRAH, Ngatirah; RUSWANTO, Adi; SUNARDI, SunardiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) can be used as raw material for Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC). HPMC can be used as a French fries coating to reduce oil uptake. This research aims to study the utilization of HPMC OPEFB as a French fries coating. This research consists of two stages. The first stage is cellulose extraction and HPMC synthesis. HPMC synthesis through alkalization, methylation, propylation, and neutralization. The second stage is the use of HPMC as a French fries coating with different concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3%). Potatoes that have been peeled and washed, cut lengthwise with a thickness of about 0.5 cm. Further dipped in HPMC solution with different concentrations for 10 seconds, then carried out a frying pan. The HPMC from OPEFB is characterized by methyl and hydroxypropyl groups found at a wavenumber of 2891.30 cm-1, a ring of pyranose at 995.79 cm-1 and hydroxyls (OH) groups at 3371.10 cm-1. The coating of French fries with 3% HPMC OPEFB can reduce oil absorption by 16.09%. The higher the concentration of HPMC, will reduce the fat content but increase the moisture and the texture of French fries become softer. The preferred type of coating was HPMC 1%. -
Zingiber officinale attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through AKT, Nrf2, MAPK, NF-κB signaling pathway in PC12 cells Original Article
HAO, Suping; CHO, Byoung Ok; WANG, Feng; SHIN, Jae Young; SHIN, Da Jeong; JANG, Seon IlResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore the protective impact of the ginger root ethanol extract (GRE) against the oxidative stress induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and apoptotic and its mechanism. Parkinson's disease (PD) model was established using 6-OHDA in the cells of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12). The GRE pretreatment increased PC12 cell viability of injury induced by 6-OHDA. The GRE effectively suppressed 6-OHDA-induced death, apoptosis through decreased Bax and cleaved-caspase 3 expression, and up-regulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). GRE also inhibited 6-OHDA-inducel oxidative stress, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and up-regulates the heme oxygenase (HO-1), antioxidant enzymes, catalase and, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), 8-oxoguanine glycosylase1 (OGG1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1). Besides, GRE up-regulating Protein kinase B (Akt), nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), down-regulating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) translocation, together with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. In conclusions, the GRE prevented apoptosis and oxidative stress in 6-OHDA-induced PC12 cells. The ginger ethanol extract could be treatment and prevention of PD. -
Health risk assessment of dietary exposure to phthalates from plastic-coated paper among university students Original Article
MAKKAEW, Prasert; CHALOEIJITKUL, Kanatpath; VATTANASIT, UdomratanaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Plastic-coated paper (PCP) is commonly used as a takeaway food container in Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the phthalate content in PCP and to evaluate the health risk of dietary exposure to phthalates. Determination of phthalates, namely, of benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), was carried out using a simple total immersion test followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Consumption data of 430 students in a university were collected by a questionnaire for health risk assessment. The results showed that DEHP was the most abundant compound detected in the PCP samples, followed by DBP and BBP, respectively. The hazard indexes (<1) showed that the health risk to all subjects was acceptable, but monitoring of phthalates in PCP on market shelves should be performed regularly to protect consumers’ health. -
Protection of antioxidants in pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) peel: effects of blanching conditions on polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase and antioxidant activities Original Article
MAI, Thi Hai Anh; TRAN, Thi Thu Tra; LE, Van Viet ManResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Pitaya peel is a by-product of the fruit processing, rich in phytochemicals and has great potential for application in food industry. In this study, blanching was applied to the pitaya peel treatment for inactivation of the polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) which caused the antioxidant loss in the material during the processing and preservation. The effects of blanching temperature and time on the PPO and POD activities as well as the stability of betacyanins and phenolics of pitaya peel were investigated. At the blanching temperature of 98 ± 2 oC, the inactivation rate constants and half-life values of PPO and POD were 6.6 × 10-3.s-1 and 105 s and 16.6 × 10-3.s-1 and 42 s, respectively. During the blanching, betacyanins and phenolics were partially destroyed, their degradation rate constants and half-life values were 9.3 × 10-4.s-1 and 744 s and 3 × 10-4.s-1 and 2310 s, respectively. During the storage of dried pitaya peel powder (PPP), the degradation rate constants of betacyanins and phenolics of the blanched PPP were 1.4 and 1.8 times, respectively lower than those of the unblanched PPP. In addition, reduction in DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the blanched PPP was significantly lower than that of the unblanched PPP. -
Viability of selected strains of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. and sensory evaluation of concentrated yogurt (labneh) made from cow, camel, and cashew milk Original Article
AL-SULBI, Ohoud Shami; SHORI, Amal BakrResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of concentrated yogurt (labneh; L) made from cow (Co), camel (Ca), and cashew (Ew) milk (M) and their mixture (100% and 50%) using three strains of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. as starter culture (S) i.e. Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp; S1), L. casei (Lc; S2), L. rhamnosus (Lr; S3) or Lp, Lc, and Lr (S4) in co-cultures with Streptococcus thermophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp. Lactis on the changes of post-acidification and the viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of storage. In addition, sensory evaluation of all yogurt samples was run during the first day of storage. The lowest pH among all samples was seen in Ew-/Ca-ML50%S3 and Ew-/Co-ML50%S3 during the 21 days of storage. S. thermophilus increased to the highest numbers in Co-/Ca-ML50%S3 during 7th and 14th day as compared to other treated samples. All EwML100% were the most accepted by the panels compared to other samples. In conclusion, the combination of EwM with Co-/Ca-M during labneh preparation might enhance the viability of all different starter cultures especially S3 during the storage. -
Changes of moisture distribution and starch properties in fermented dough under subfreezing temperature storage Original Article
ZHANG, Lin; TIAN, Xiaoling; ZENG, Jie; WANG, Heng; GAO, Haiyan; ZHANG, Keke; WANG, MengyuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This paper took fermented dough as the research object. The difference between the subfreezing temperature and other freezing temperatures for long-term storage of fermented dough was discussed. The fermented dough was quick-frozen at -30 °C for 1 h and then stored at -6 °C, -12 °C and -18 °C for 5 d, 10 d and 15 d. The results indicated that with decreasing freezing temperature, the content of bound water in the dough increased gradually so that the water in the dough could be better preserved and the storage time of the dough could be prolonged. Although low temperatures could have a better storage effect, too low temperature and prolonged freezing time would destroy the structure of the starch in the dough. The structure of the starch stored at the subfreezing temperature (-12 °C) was better than that stored at other temperatures. Compared with the common freezing temperature (-18 °C), the subfreezing temperature not only achieves a better storage effect but also reduces energy consumption. -
Effects of dipping time in chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixture to quality of orange fruits during storage Original Article
NGOC, Le Si; VAN, Pham Thi Ha; NHI, Tran Thi Yen; DUNG, Nguyen Anh; MANH, Tran DinhResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Maintaining fruit freshness and quality in extended storage life represents a major obstacle in the fruit production industry. One of the easiest ways to prolong shelf life is by dipping fruits in a suitable storage solution. In this research, we assessed the effects of the dipping time of sweet orange cultivar with the mixture containing 1.15% chitosan (CS) and 0.39% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the external and internal quality parameters of oranges during 12 days storage at 30 °C. The results showed that 6 min dipping time are optimum to maintain quality of tested oranges, including giving better skin color, higher total soluble solids (TSS), fruit firmness, ascorbic acid, and taste scores as well as lower weight loss, decay incidence, ethylene production, and respiration rate when compared with those of other dipping treatments. The results can be recommended to maintain the quality of postharvest orange fruits. -
Hypoglycemic effect of Zingiber striolatum bud extract in db/db mice Original Article
TAN, Daopeng; CUI, Jinguo; QIN, Lin; WANG, Yuhe; HE, Yuqi; CHEN, Li; SHE, XiangqianResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To evaluate the effectiveness of regulating insulin sensitivity via the insulin receptor substrate-1 of Zingiber striolatum bud extract in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. The C57BL mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10), including normal control group, model group, metformin group, ZS-l (ZS low dose) group, and ZS-h (ZS high dose) group. The body weight and blood glucose were determined weekly. The oral glucose tolerance test, plasma insulin and biochemical parameters, pancreas histopathology, and the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 were assayed at the end of experimental point. The results showed that Z. striolatum bud extract can significantly decrease the fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in C57BL mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated Z. striolatum bud extract could regulate the insulin sensitivity by upregulating the express of phospho-insulin receptor substrate-1. In conclusion, Z. striolatum bud extract could prevent the progression of diabetes and pancreatic fibrosis in C57BL mice. -
Optimization of preparation of calcium acetate from eggshell by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Original Article
YAO, Yutong; ZHANG, Jing; ZHANG, Run; SHI, Yueru; AN, Peipei; HU, Xin; WAN, YouzhongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the preparation-process parameters on calcium acetate from eggshell. Box-Behnken was employed for experimental design, and the optimal combination of reaction temperature, solid-liquid ratio, acetic acid concentration, primary reaction time and secondary reaction time for preparing calcium acetate was analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was used to fit the experimental data to the second-order polynomial equation, and appropriate statistical methods were used for analysis. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions of calcium acetate were as follows: reaction temperature of 39 °C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:12, acetic acid concentration of 159%, primary reaction time 1.5 h and secondary reaction time of 80min. Under the optimum preparation conditions, the experimental yield of calcium acetate was 96.5%, which was in good agreement with the predicted value. -
Antibacterial and antiseptic activities of various spices to the mala food ingredients Original Article
SHIN, Gi Hyun; KIM, WongeunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Chinese Mala dishes, typical and traditional Chinese cuisines, have a high risk of exposure to contaminants due to its characteristic cuisine culture where customers can personally add ingredients into the dish. The main spices added to mala dishes commonly have antibacterial and antiseptic properties. This study was conducted to find spices and concentrations suitable for inhibiting bacterial infection and spoilage of Mala cooking ingredients. Ten types of ingredients bought from professional Mala restaurants were checked for the occurrence of bacteria in the Mala dishes. Six major spices sauce constituting the Mala dishes were added to food ingredients with severe bacterial contamination, and the progression of spoilage was observed for 47 days. E. coli and 9 species of bacteria were found in all ingredients, and 2 species of them were C. geocarposphaerae and E. americana, which known to be found in human wounds. Of the 6 types of spices, Star anise and Sichuan pepper best inhibited the bacteria growth and slowed the spoilage progression of ingredients. In conclusion, Mala cooking ingredients can be contaminated with various bacteria due to its unique storage method, but Star anise or Sichuan pepper could be safely protected the ingredients from bacteria and spoilage. -
Hair loss improvement effect of Chrysanthemum zawadskii, peppermint and Glycyrrhiza glabra herbal mixture in human follicle dermal papilla cell and C57BL/6 mice Original Article
SHIN, Jae Young; SHIN, Da Jeong; KANG, Hyun Ju; CHO, Byoung Ok; PARK, Ji Hyeon; JANG, Seon IlResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In today's society, hair is not only used to protect the body and maintain body temperature, but to play an aesthetic role. Therefore, interest in natural products that can improve hair loss is increasing. In this study, the hair loss improvement effect of a mixture of Chrysanthemum zawadskii, peppermint and Glycyrrhiza glabra (FHH-CZ) was investigated in Human follicle dermal papilla cell (HFDPC) and C57BL/6 mice. ELISA, Western blot, RT-PCR and animal experiments were performed. The results showed that FHH-CZ suppressed the expression of 5α-reductase type 2 and androgen receptor in testosterone-treated HFDPC. In addition, pretreatment with FHH-CZ reduced the Bax/Bcl2 expression ratio through inhibition of Dkk-1 expression in testosterone-treated HFDPC. In animal experiments, FHH-CZ promoted hair growth and increased the number of hair roots in C57BL/6 mice. Therefore, the results of this study suggested that FHH-CZ could be used as a natural material with few side effects to improve hair loss. -
Effects of Agaricus bisporus alone or in combination with soybean oil or water as fat substitutes on gel properties, rheology, water distribution, and microstructure of chicken batters Original Article
NAN, Haijuan; ZHOU, Haoyu; LI, Bo; STEPANOVA, Tetiana; KONDRATIUK, NataliaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This research aimed to investigate the effect of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms alone or in combination with soybean oil or water as fat substitutes on different properties of chicken batter. The cooking yield, water holding capacity, colour, texture, storage modulus (G'), T2 relaxation time, and microstructure of chicken batters were analysed. Results showed that the above three adding ways of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms promoted the transformation of free water into immobilized water and improved the cooking yield, water holding capacity, texture, and rheological properties of the chicken batter. However, the colour of the chicken batter changed significantly (p < 0.05). Particularly, the combination of Agaricus bisporus and soybean oil demonstrated the optimal effect to improve the gel properties, rheology, microstructure and water-binding ability of the chicken batter. Thus, the results suggest that the concomitant use of Agaricus bisporus and soybean oil is a promising strategy for developing healthier chicken products. -
Effects of taro powder on the properties of wheat flour and dough Original Article
ZHANG, Ziyang; ZHANG, Lisha; CHEN, Mengyu; HE, ZhianResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This work aimed to investigate the effect of taro powder on the quality of wheat flour products. The water and starch content, whiteness, pasting properties, texture, microstructure, rheological properties of dough and water distribution in dough were analyzed. Taro powder significantly increased the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and setback value in the gelatinization process of flour, reduced the breakdown value, and increased the gelatinization temperature. Taro flour showed the ability to improve the farinographical properties and gelatinizing properties of flour. Adding taro flour reduces the development time and softness of the dough while increasing water absorption. The starch content, peak viscosity and water absorption of the mixed flour were the highest when the proportion of taro powder was increased to 25%. As the amount of taro powder increases, the color and hardness of the mixed flour dough become deeper, and the moisture inside the dough becomes less easily lost. The addition of taro powder may make the dough less resistant to mechanical blending and slightly less viscoelastic, but the gluten structure is smoother. In short, when the added amount of taro powder is 20% or 25%, it can meet the processing conditions. -
Extraction of lycopene from tomato pomace and its protective effects on renal injury in diabetic rats Original Article
XIE, Rong; ZHANG, Heping; LIU, Xiaohui; LIU, Jiali; LI, QinyunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of lycopene from tomato pomace on renal injury in diabetic rats. Lycopene was extracted from tomato pomace. The rats were divided into control, model and 10, 20 and mg/kg lycopene groups. The diabetic nephropathy model was constructed in the latter four groups. Then, the latter three groups were treated with 10, 20 and mg/kg lycopene, respectively. After four weeks of treatment, compared with the model group, in 20 and 40 mg/kg lycopene groups the serum fasting plasma glucose level was decreased (P < 0.05), the fasting insulin level was increased (P < 0.05), the renal index and 24-h urinary protein level were decreased (P < 0.05), the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were decreased (P < 0.05), the renal tissue superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels were increased (P < 0.05), the renal tissue malondialdehyde level was decreased (P < 0.05), and the serum tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6 and hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels were decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, lycopene from tomato pomace can alleviate renal injury in diabetic rats. The mechanism may be related to the resistance of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. -
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) improve scars by vivo and vitro study Original Article
LI, Yan; GE, Jingping; YIN, Yuanyuan; HE, Xu; GU, JianpingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The purpose of this research was to evaluate HSYA’ effects and mechanisms to improve Scars Induced by Anticoagulant Injection by vivo and vitro study. New Zealand rabbits were divided into Normal control (NC), Anticoagulant, Anticoagulant+HSYA-Low, Anticoagulant+HSYA-Middle and Anticoagulant+HSYA-High. Measuring TGF-β1 and IL-1β concentration by Elisa assay; evaluating pathology and fibrosis level by HE and Masson staining, measuring collage I, collage III, TLR4 and NF-κB(p65) protein expression by IHC assay. Relative gene expression (Collage I, Collage III, TLR4 and NF-κB(p65)) were evaluated by RT-qPCR assay. Relative proteins expression (Collage I, Collage III, TLR4 and NF-κB(p65)) were evaluated by WB assay. And using TGF-β1 to stimulate cell to make cell model. Compared with NC group, TGF-β1 and IL-1β concentration were significantly increased (P < 0.001); The pathology and fibrosis level were significantly deteriorated, meanwhile, Collage I, Collage III, TLR4 and NF-κB(p65) proteins and gene expression were significantly up-regulation in Anticoagulant group (P < 0.001). With HSYA supplement, TGF-β1 and IL-1β concentration were significantly depressed, Pathology and fibrosis levels were significantly improved, Collage I, Collage III, TLR4 and NF-κB(p65) proteins and gene expressions were significantly improved with dose-dependent (P < 0.05). HSYA could improve anticoagulant injury induced subcutaneous scar via regulation TLR4/NF-κB(p65). -
Effects of ethanolic extract from onion skin on the quality characteristics of beef patties during refrigerated storage Original Article
WANG, Cuntang; AN, Xuanzhe; GAO, Zengming; LI, Ziyu; TIAN, Shengxin; LU, YueyiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, the effects of ethanolic extract from onion skin (EEOS) on the storage quality of refrigerated beef patties were studied. EEOS concentrations of 0.00%, 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.10% were added to beef patties. These beef patties were stored at 4 °C for 12 days and compared with 0.05 VC treatment group. At the end of storage, compared to control, 0.1% EEOS effectively reduced the contents of metmyoglobin (MetMb) (P < 0.05) and thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBARS) (P < 0.05) in beef patties by 30.89% and 44.72%, respectively. On day 12, the carbonyl contents in 0.1% EEOS treatment increased only 3.3 times, lower than control and VC treatment (4.5 and 4.1 times). Microbial contamination was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). The antioxidant and antibacterial effects of EEOS were the main reasons for the improvement of pH and a* stability of beef patties. However, the addition of EEOS had no significant effect on cooking loss and texture properties except hardness and springiness. Overall, 0.1% EEOS had a positive effect on the sensory characteristics and storage quality of beef patties and could prolong the storage life of beef patties to 9 days. This showed that EEOS as a natural additive has great potential for beef storage and preservation. -
Cyanogenic compounds removal and characteristics of non- and pregelatinized traditional detoxified wild yam (Dioscorea hispida) tuber flour Original Article
ESTIASIH, Teti; KULIAHSARI, Dessy Eka; MARTATI, Erryana; AHMADI, KgsResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The presence of cyanide compounds restricts the utilization of wild yam (Dioscorea hispida) tubers for food or food ingredients. Traditional detoxification, usually used in wild yam chips processing, has not been evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing cyanogenic compounds. Processing into flour will increase wild yam tubers utilization and pregelatinization usually improve flour functional properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 4 traditional detoxification methods and pregelatinization on cyanogenic compounds removal and wild yam tuber flour characteristics. The different methods were in rubbing ash, soaking time, and pregelatinization methods by boiling or steaming. The duration of a particular step was also different. The results showed that traditional detoxification methods reduced total cyanides 97%, cyanogenic glycosides 98-100%, acetone cyanohydrin 89-97%, and HCN 94-95%; also affected degree of cyanogenic compounds removal. Pregelatinization also reinforced the degree of cyanogen removal. Tuber flour physicochemical properties were affected by detoxification methods and pregelatinization. Modification of starch might occur due to the presence of SiO2 and calcium in rubbing ash and affected functional properties of wild yam tuber flour. Starch granule morphology appeared not to be affected by detoxification methods. Traditional detoxification methods could be used to make a safe wild yam tuber flour. -
Killer yeast isolated from some foods and its biological activity Original Article
YEHIA, Hany Mohamed; EL-KHADRAGY, Manal Fawzy; Al-MASOUD, Abdulrahman Hamad; RAMADAN, Elshahat Mohamed; EL-DIN, Mohamed Ferkry SeragResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Seventy eight yeasts were isolated from different foodstuffs. Out of the seventy eight isolates four yeast species namely C. parapsilosis Q3, C. solani F8, C. versatilis J3 and K. jensenii H1 were selected to study their biological activity. The four strains termed as killer yeast by observing its activity against microorganisms. Killer yeasts secrete proteinaceous killer toxins lethal effect against some of Gram positive and negative bacteria, molds and yeasts. The antagonistic effect of the four killer yeast strains on the growth of different microorganisms recorded as zone of inhibition (mm), demonstrated that C. versatilis J3 was an active stains against majority test microorganisms. Consumed sugar determined for the four strains and showed that C. versatilis J3 and C. parapsilosis Q3 reached to its maximum on the 12 hours of incubation both yeast consumed 97.5 and 95% of initial sugar (sugar utilization efficiency) while both of C. solani F8 and K. jensenii H1 sugar utilization efficiency was recorded on the 24 hours being 99.65 and 99.30%, respectively. -
Effects of quercetin on renal autophagy and interstitial fibrosis in diabetes mellitus Original Article
WANG, Shuling; SHANG, Sainan; LV, Juan; HOU, DandanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To observe the effect of quercetin (Que) on renal autophagy level and renal interstitial fibrosis in the mice with diabetes mellitus (DM),and to discuss the possible mechanism. The wild-type C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups,including normal control (Normal) group, DM group and Que group (n = 9 in every groups). The diabetic mouse model was established by injection of streptozotocin. After 8 weeks of successful replication of the diabetic model,Que was given to the mice in Que group by continuous gavage for 12 weeks,and then the mice in each group were sacrificed to detect the relevant biochemical parameters. The pathological changes of the kidney tissues were observed by HE staining and Masson staining. The levels of the proteins related to autophagy,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and fibrosis were determined by Western blot. The mRNA expression of collagen type IV (Col IV),α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and E-cadherin were detected by real-time PCR. Compared with Normal group, fasting blood glucose (FBG), kidney index (KI),serum creatinine, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate and 24-hour urine total protein were remarkably increased in DM group (P < 0. 001). The results of HE and Masson staining indicated that renal tissue presented fibrosis in DM group. The protein levels of E-cadherin,beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II)/LC 3I ratio were reduced in DM group,while the levels of α-SMA,Col IV and Snail1 were increased (P < 0.001). After intervention with Que for 12 weeks,all the relevant biochemical parameters and KI were reduced (P < 0.001) except FBG (P > 0. 05), and renal fibrosis lesions were obviously alleviated. Compared with DM group,the protein levels of E-cadherin,beclin-1 and LC3-II were increased in Res group,but the protein expression levels of α-SMA,Col IV,Snail1 were reduced(P < 0. 001). Compared with DM group, the mRNA level of E-cadherin was increased in Que group, but the mRNA levels of Col IV and α-SMA were reduced (P < 0.001). Quercetin significantly inhibits EMT and reduces renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic mice,and its mechanism may be related to the promotion of renal autophagy. -
Tripterygium glycoside ameliorates kidney injury in diabetic rats by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway Original Article
HOU, Dandan; SHANG, Sainan; LV, Juan; WANG, ShulingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To discuss protective effect of Tripterygium Glycoside (TG) on renal injury in diabetic rats and preliminary exploration of its mechanism. The rats were divided into Normal, Model, Low, Middle and High groups. Measuring FBG, TG, TC, HDL-C, BUN and Scr concentration by ELISA assay; using coomassie brilliant blue method to measure 24 h Urine protein. Measuring Kidney index; using HE staining to observation renal histomorphological changes; The ultrastructural changes of renal tissue were observed by transmission electron microscope; TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of rat renal cells; using WB assay to evaluate PTEN, PI3K, Akt, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 expression. Compared with Normal group, FBG, TG and TC concentrations significantly increased and HDL-C concentration significantly decreased (P < 0.001); BUN, Scr and 24 h Urine protein significantly up-regulated (P < 0.001); Kidney weight and KI significantly down-regulated; Kidney injury score and apoptosis cell number significantly increased (P < 0.001) with PTEN, Bcl-2 protein downregulation and PI3K, Akt, Bax and caspase-3 protein expression significantly up-regulation in Model group (P < 0.001). With TG supplement, the kidney injury significantly improved. TG improved diabetic induced kidney injury via PI3K/Akt pathway in vivo. -
Examining the production amount of milk and dairy products using network analysis in Turkey Original Article
AKIN, Ahmet Cumhur; ARIKAN, Mehmet Saltuk; POLAT, Murat; MAT, Burak; ÇEVRİMLİ, Mustafa Bahadır; DEMİRSÖZ, Mert; TEKİNDAL, Mustafa AgahResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Among the sub-branches of the livestock industry in Turkey, milk and dairy product sector is one of the most active production areas. It is essential to examine the supply structure of the milk and dairy product sector and reveal the relations between the production amounts of the products to understand the overall structure of the sector. We determined the pattern network structures based on the amount of raw cow milk entering the industry and the production amounts of six products between 2010/01 and 2020/09. In addition, we studied the product-based development of the sector. The findings obtained from the network analysis of the production amounts of milk and dairy products indicated a relationship between the products and their interactions with each other. The amount of raw milk entering the production process was located in the center and displayed a positive relationship with all products it interacted with. The amount of raw cow milk entering the production process and the amount of cow cheese produced affected other products included in the network. In addition, among the products produced, the production amounts of ayran and yogurt exhibited the highest correlation coefficient with a moderate positive correlation value (0.609). The resulting social network graph provides important clues about the general production understanding of Turkey’s dairy sector and consumer preferences in the market. -
Nanoparticles of freeze-dried Garcinia mangostana L. peels and its effective on the protein formation of Gram positive bacteria Original Article
YEHIA, Hany Mohamed; AWAD, Manal Ahmed Gasmelseed; ELKHADRAGY, Manal Fawzy; ALKHATEEB, Mariam Abdulaziz; ALAHDAL, Hadil; ALI, Hatem Salama Mohamed; ALAJAMI, Reem Atta; El-Din, Mohamed Ferkry SeragResumo em Inglês:
Abstract A novel method to create nanoparticles from freeze- and air-dried mangosteen was developed to study the effects of these particles on the growth and protein formation of various gram-positive bacteria that act as foodborne pathogens. This new method produces freeze- and air-dried mangosteen peel nanoparticles that are prepared by a process based on a wet-milling technique, and these particles were tested on various gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. Our results indicated that the nanoparticles derived from freeze dried mangosteen contained higher antioxidant activity than nanoparticles derived from air-dried peels. The total phenol content in the freeze-dried nanoparticle extract was 1112.646 ± 1.842 (mg gallic acid /g sample), whereas that in the air-dried extract was 479.744 ± 2.564 (mg gallic acid/g sample). The total flavonoids in the mangosteen freeze-dried nanoparticle extract were 14.154 ± 0.119 (mg catechin/g sample), whereas levels in the air-dried extract were 4.711 ± 0.207 (mg catechin/g sample). The levels of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were 95.707 ± 0.070 and 94.303 ± 0.074% for freeze- and air-dried mangosteen nanoparticle extracts, respectively. Similar levels were obtained for 2,4,6-tri (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (ABTS), and these were 42.753 ± 0.200 and 16.069 ± 0.424 (g trolox/g sample) for freeze- and air-dried mangosteen nanoparticle extracts, respectively. Levels of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were 17.806 ± 0.056 and 6.696 ± 0.085 (g trolox/g sample) for freeze- and air-dried mangosteen nanoparticle extracts, respectively. Whole protein bands from various bacteria disappeared on SDS-polyacrylamide gels when bacteria were cultured in medium containing both freeze- and air-dried mangosteen nanoparticles. -
Extraction and stability of pigments obtained from pitaya bark flour (Hylocereus costaricensis) Original Article
VELLANO, Patrícia; MORAIS, Romulo; SOARES, Camila; SOUZA, Adriana Régia de; SANTOS, André dos; MARTINS, Glêndara Aparecida; DAMIANI, ClarissaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Red pitaya fruits have become a source of natural dye, because they are rich in betacyanin, a pigment that imparts a red-violet colour. However, natural dyes can be highly unstable and prone to rapid degradation. In this study, an experiment was initially carried out to determine the best extraction solution with an extraction time of 20 min for each solution at room temperature (50% methanol, water, 95% ethanol and 80% acetone), in different pH ranges (4.0 to 9.0) and wavelength (485, 535 and 700 nm), for the red pitaya bark. The stability of the pigments extracted from pitaya peel meal was analysed taking into account the best extraction solutions by spectrophotometric measurements at 15-day intervals, during a 60-day storage period, in the absence and presence of light and under different storage conditions. Pigments stored in the absence of light at freezing temperatures for less than 15 days showed least degradation. The FTIR spectrum in shows two distinct peaks at 3263.870 and 1636.807, these absorption bands are characteristic of betalain functional groups. The spectrum indicates the presence of hydroxy and amine groups as strong, broad, stretching-mode bands, appearing between 3200 cm-1 and 3600 cm-1. -
Impact on antioxidant activity of including grape peel flour in a novel sorghum-based extruded food Original Article
FONTOURA, Laís Martins; ASCHERI, José Luis Ramírez; BAZÁN-COLQUE, Ronel JoelResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining grape (Vitis vinifera L.) peel flour (GPF) and the colored sorghum BR305 (brown) flour (CSF) by extrusion and the consequent impact on antioxidants in the final product. The physical properties and bioactive compounds of both raw GPF and blended GPF/CSF extruded materials were investigated. The results before extrusion of raw materials, the antioxidants by ORAC the CSF was 89.111 ± 0.25; GPF before drying 321.033 ± 0.21; GPF flour after drying was 311.022 ± 0.30 µmol Trolox.g−1, respectively. Considering the different treatments (10, 15 and 20% of GPF), the highest values of the compounds obtained: Antioxidant activity, ORAC, was 37.889 ± 0.32 (µmol Trolox.g−1); with 15% of GPF, at 120 °C and 17% moisture processing. ABTS, 12.222 ± 0.14 (µmol Trolox.g−1); with 20% GPF at 140 °C and 19% moisture processing as best processing conditions. Anthocyanins 138.31 ± 0.11 (mg cyanidin-3-glucoside 100 g−1); Total phenolic 307.95 ± 0.11 (mg catechin.100 g−1). The water absorption index was 38.99 ± 0.19, g of gel.(g dry matter)−1 perhaps are sufficient for the preparation of beverages for breakfast or in porridge in order to contribute to the health of the consumer. -
Action of phenolic extract obtained from rice bran fermented with Rhizopus oryzae in the synthesis of trichothecenes and emerging mycotoxins in sweet corn Original Article
DENARDI-SOUZA, Taiana; LUZ, Carlos; MAÑES, Jordi; BADIALE-FURLONG, Eliana; MECA, GiuseppeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The phenolic extracts obtained from rice bran cultivated with Rhizopus oryzae were evaluated about their abitily to inhibit the production of trichotecenes and emerging mycotoxins by Fusarium strains on sweet corn cobs (Zea mays L.). The rice bran was cultured with R. oryzae for 48 h at 30 °C. The phenolic compounds were extracted, clarified, lyophilized and ressuspend as water solution with different concentrations. The phenolic acid extracts were applied on sweet corn inoculated by F. cerealis, F. graminearum and F. poae incubated by 15 days at 25 °C and afterward the fermented corn was autoclaved and frozen. The mycotoxins were quantified by LC-MS/MS. The mycotoxin production by all Fusarium strains evaluated was reduced in relation to the control. F. poae was the most sensitive, because its production of the toxins T-2 and HT-2 and BEA was inhibited by phenolic extract 0,5% (p/v), while extract 1% (p/v) inhibited 96% of the DON production. DON, 3ADON and 15ADON production by F. graminearum and F. cerealis was also reduced. Therefore, the extract is a promising antimicotoxinogenic against Fusarium toxins production on sweet corn cobs and should be a good alternative to reuse wastes from agroindustry. -
Quality of reduced sodium shrimp paste from shrimp head as alternative source Original Article
RUJIRAPONG, Chanonkarn; SIRIPONGVUTIKORN, Sunisa; USAWAKESMANEE, Worapong; WANIKORN, BandhitaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The significantly decreased availability of the main raw materials for making shrimp paste is a big problem, while most by-products from shrimp processing, especially head, are not yet properly used. Therefore, using shrimp head for shrimp paste production is well motivated. However, traditional shrimp paste is high in salt and can impact health via hypertension, kidney, or cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to produce a reduced sodium shrimp head paste, using 12, 14 or 16-fold amount of shrimp heads relative to salt. The salted shrimp head was fermented for 14-16 hr. Thereafter, it was dried at 60 °C, then ground and fermented further for 30 d. The paste was dried again to 40-45% moisture content and fermented for another 90 d. The total viable count and lactic acid bacteria significantly decreased in all treatments, and no pathogenic microorganisms were detected. After fermentation for 90 d, the aw had decreased in all treatments. The highest shrimp head proportion (16:1) exhibited the highest total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and trimethylamine (TMA) contents. In conclusion, shrimp head can serve as an alternative raw material in shrimp paste with comparatively low salt content that may reduce the risks of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. -
Chemical and microstructural characterization of three seaweed species from two locations of Veracruz, Mexico Original Article
HERNÁNDEZ-CRUZ, Karina; JIMÉNEZ-MARTÍNEZ, Cristian; PERUCINI-AVENDAÑO, Madeleine; MATEO CID, Luz Elena; PEREA-FLORES, María de Jesús; GUTIÉRREZ-LÓPEZ, Gustavo Fidel; DÁVILA-ORTIZ, GloriaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Seaweeds or marine macroalgae are sources of industrial important macro compounds. This work characterizes the chemical composition, morphology, cellular structure, morphometric parameters, protein distribution, density, and quantifies the chemical elements of three seaweed species. The morphological characterization performed by Digital Image Analysis (DIA) showed that the length/width ratio for UF (Ulva fasciata) (15.4/10.9 cm) was greater compared to SC (Sargassum cymosum) and GS (Grateloupia subpectinata) (8.9/7.6 cm and 87/5.3 cm). Using Schiff's and Coomassie blue reagents, identified carbohydrates and proteins in cells and protein bodies (PB). Cell morphology showed larger cells in the SC cortex (457.8 µm2) and smaller cells in the SC meristoderm (80.5 µm2). PB density (PB/area) and distribution (area occupied by the cell, %) were higher in the cortex of GS (10468 PB/mm2, 20%) and lower in the meristoderm of SC (917 PB/mm2, 7%). Chemical analysis showed as major compounds: carbohydrates (12-46%), ashes (13-42%), and proteins (6-17%). Meanwhile, the concentration of metals was below the toxicity level. These results contribute to the knowledge of the structure-function relationship of seaweeds metabolites which could be a source of compounds of interest for the industrial sector. -
Volatile compounds of umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) fruits during post-harvest ripening from two accessions Original Article
FERREIRA, Giovana Ribeiro; FIDÊNCIO, Paulo Henrique; CASTRICINI, Ariane; ANDRADE, Raísa Queiroz; SILVÉRIO, Flaviano OliveiraResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The chemical composition of volatile compounds from Spondias tuberosa fruits were investigated at four days of maturity and from two accessions. These days were characterized through the compounds’ profiles obtained by extracting volatiles using solid-phase microextraction in headspace mode (HS-SPME) and analyzed by gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 27 and 22 compounds were identified from the EPAMIG-C02 and EPAMIG-C10 accessions, respectively. The main chemical class in both accessions were the esters, aldehyde, alcohols and terpenes. The study revealed a tendency to increase the ester content and decrease the aldehyde and terpene content during four days of post-harvest ripening for the two accessions. This behavior may be monitored by five key compounds such as two esters (ethyl butanoate and ethyl hexanoate) and three aldehydes (hex-2-enal, nonanal and dec-2-enal). These compounds may be used as markers for the maturity stage for the two accessions. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) accumulated 73.85% of the total variance in principal components 1 and 2 and showed that it is possible to differentiate the fruit ripening stages through these compounds. -
Effect of pretreatments and drying methods in the quality attributes of fortified yam flour (Dioscorea rotundata) Original Article
RODRÍGUEZ-LORA, Maria Camila; CIRO-VELÁSQUEZ, Héctor José; SALCEDO-MENDOZA, Jairo GuadalupeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Yam is consumed in tropical regions because it is a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, fiber, and micronutrients, together with several alternatives of consumption such as cooked, boiled, roasted or fried. Its use for the development of flours and subsequent fortification has been considered as an alternative to address micronutrient deficiencies that have irreversible physical and cognitive consequences to child population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pretreatments (precooking and dipping) and drying methods (convection and vacuum) on the quality attributes of pretreated yam flour as well as the stability during storage after fortification with iron, calcium, and vitamin A. The results show that gelatinization temperature ranged from 79.2 to 86.0 °C and precooking led to changes on pasting properties where values of maximum viscosity and retrogradation diminished. The drying methods favored the protein concentration on the surface of the granules, reducing the solubility and hydration of the samples. With the fortification, the lightness decreased from 72.29 to 66.64 due to the addition of iron. The presence of molecular oxygen conditioned the oxidative degradation of vitamin A. Precooking caused greater colloidal stability and convection drying preserved on the nutritional quality of the flour. -
Association of physical activity status with dietary energy density and nutritional adequacy Original Article
YESILDEMIR, Ozge; GENCER BINGOL, Feray; ICER, Mehmet Arif; KOKSAL, EdaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study evaluated the association of physical activity status with dietary energy density and nutritional adequacy. 205 individuals between the ages of 19-35 years (102 active, 103 inactive) (50% women) participated in the study. The individuals were grouped according to their physical activity status by gender. When the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of the individuals' diets was evaluated, there was a significant difference between active and inactive men only in vitamin A and E adequacy (p < 0.05). On the other hand, energy, protein, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, niacin, vitamin E and folate intake adequacy were found to be lower in active women compared to inactive women (p < 0.05). While the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of the diet did not differ among men, it was significantly higher in inactive women compared to active women (p < 0.05). Dietary energy density was found to be lower in all active individuals compared to inactive individuals (p < 0.05). A positive association was found between nutritional adequacy and body weight (p < 0.05), body mass index (p < 0.05), body fat percentage (p < 0.05) and fat free mass (p < 0.05) in inactive men. As a result, physical activity status can affect nutritional adequacy and dietary energy density, and this effect differs between genders. -
Effects of pseudocereal flours addition on chemical and physical properties of gluten-free crackers Original Article
TURK ASLAN, Sinem; ISIK, FatmaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, potato flour used in gluten free cracker formulation was substituded with pseudocereal (amaranth, buckwheat, quinoa) flours, and the effects of pseudocereals on some chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of gluten-free crackers were determined. Results show that the crackers having pseudocereals had significantly higher (p < 0.05) fat, protein, insoluble and total dietary fiber, essential and non essential amino acid, and Mg contents than control sample which was produced with potato flour and potato starch. In addition, crackers having amaranth had higher (p < 0.05) Ca and P contents than control. Pseudocereal containing crackers had lower L* and higher a* values than control, and according to ΔE values, they were evaluated as extreme (another) color group than control crackers. In SEM micrographs, more cracks and pores were observed with the addition of pseudocereal flours to crackers. Therefore, hardness decreased significantly with pseudocereal flours addition in crackers. Flavor, chewiness, crispiness and overall acceptability scores of crackers having pseudocereal flours were higher than control in sensory analysis. -
Development and characterization of wheat rusks supplemented with Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour with respect to physicochemical, rheological and sensory characteristics Original Article
KHAN, Muhammad Asif; AMEER, Kashif; SHAKOOR, Sadaf; ASHRAF, Muhammad Rizwan; BUTT, Madiha; KHALID, Muhammad Shafique; RAKHA, Allah; ROHI, Madiha; NADEEM, Muhammad; KHALIL, Anees Ahmed; CHAUDHARY, Neelam; SAFEER, Muhammad; RAFEH, MuhammadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Highly nutritional and functional properties of chia seeds would make it unique than other grains. Considering its known properties chia can be used as an important food ingredient. These are rich in fiber, ash, protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and antioxidants. Higher proportion of protein having greater biological value with essential amino acids and high dietary fiber content prevents several metabolic disorders and obesity. It is also consist of PUFA helpful in lowering cardiovascular diseases. Rusks were supplemented with chia flour at a rate ranging 5 to 20% with the goal to modify the fiber content, nutritional contents and physicochemical properties. The obtained results were highly significant and showed increasing trend in dietary fiber and PUFA values. Texture values decreased significantly. Sensory evaluation showed significant (p<0.05) differences in color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability. Most acceptable treatment was with 5% chia flour supplementation with a mean score of 8.10. Hence, Chia flour-supplemented rusks up to 5% addition level could be utilized as a convenience food and vehicle of improved nutritional status with health beneficial bioactive compounds. Moreover, supplementation of chia flour led to improvement of functional properties of wheat rusks as a valuable source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. -
Characterization of Lactobacillus zeae as probiotic and starter culture for tamarillo fermented product Original Article
INAYAH, Istiyati; WIBOWO, Marlia Singgih; JULIANTI, Elin; SUCIATI, TriResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Probiotic was known as the microorganism that can improve human health. It can be in the form of supplements, probiotic food, or fermented food. Probiotic delivery as fermented food has several challenges. Bacteria must have characteristics as probiotics and must be able as a starter culture for fermentation. The characteristics of probiotics were safety, functionality, and high viability during manufacturing, storage, and transit in the gastrointestinal tract. Some fruit-based fermentations provide a protective environment for probiotics that can improve viability. This study aimed to isolate Lactobacillus, potentially a probiotic and a starter culture for tamarillo juice fermentation. The isolate was characterized for antibiotic susceptibility, haemolytic activity, lysozyme, acid and bile salt resistance, antimicrobial activity, bile salt hydrolase activity, and tamarillo's fermenting ability. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were used as comparison bacteria in this study. The results indicated that Lactobacillus zeae could be isolated from tamarillo fruit. It was potential as a probiotic, which was safe and had functional properties. Then, it has high resistance to lysozyme, acid, and bile salt, with the percentage of survival successively 92.62, 89.93, and 96.75%. L. zeae can grow in tamarillo juice until the 30th hours. -
Study and discussion on nursing and psychological comfort after heart valve replacement surgery: a new method to explore the nursing for patients receiving heart valve replacement surgery Original Article
BAI, Huan; YANG, Qingqiong; LIU, XiaohongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In order to e xplore the clinical effects generated by the post-operative nursing and psychological comfort implemented for the patients with heart valve replacement surgery. In this study, select 50 patients receiving heart valve replacement surgery in recent one year from our hospital, and divide the patients into treatment group and control group by randomization method (each group contains 25 patients). Implement conventional nursing for 25 patients in control group, and implement post-operative nursing and psychological comfort for 25 patients in treatment group, and compare the treatment effects of two groups. The final result shown, after post-operative nursing and psychological comfort, the patients in treatment group realized an overall effective rate significantly higher than the control group; the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score of the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group, and the inter-group difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Therefore, we came to the conclusion that taking reasonable and effective post-operative nursing measures and psychological comfort for the patients with heart valve replacement surgery, could effectively reduce the post-operative mortality rate and incidence of complications of the patients, reduce the anxious mood of the patient, is the key factor for success of heart valve replacement surgery and smooth recovery after the surgery, and is suitable for clinical promotion. -
Bioactive and Functional properties of gelatin peptide fractions obtained from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) skin Original Article
TEKLE, Sefik; BOZKURT, Fatih; AKMAN, Perihan Kubra; SAGDIC, OsmanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Fish skin is one of the most common resources of gelatin, which can be hydrolyzed bioactive peptides. In this study, gelatin from sea bass skin (SBS) was hydrolyzed with flavourzyme® to obtain peptide fractions with different molecular weights and determined their bioactive and functional properties. All peptide fractions obtained showed antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP). The bass gelatin peptide fraction 1 (BF1) (≤5 kDa) showed the highest DPPH (44.9%) and FRAP (42.04 mmol Fe+2 /g and 22.98 mmol trolox/g) activities. Besides, the BF1 (≤5 kDa) peptide fraction showed the highest in vitro cytotoxic effect (16.58%) at 20 mg/mL concentration compared to the other peptide fractions. The highest emulsifying capacity (389.5 m2/g), emulsifying stability (53.2 min), foaming capacity (30.47%), and foaming stability (10.40%) were obtained from the control gelatin sample. Moreover, the BF3 (≥10 kDa) peptide fraction showed an excellent fat binding capacity (9.39 mL/g). Enzymatic hydrolysis decreased emulsifying and foaming capacity of gelatin while increasing its fat binding capacity. In particular, antioxidant and anticancer activities of peptide fractions with low molecular weight were found to be high. The results demonstrated that gelatin and hydrolysates from the SBS offer an important alternative as a functional food ingredient for food technology. -
Improving quality of smoked sardine fillets by soaking in cuttlefish ink Original Article
ESSID, Ines; AROUSSIA, Hassen; SOUFI, Emna; BOURIGA, Nawzet; GHARBI, Sonia; BELLAGHA, SihemResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Cuttlefish ink, a by-product of food processing, is a promising source of natural compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and it can be used as a natural additive for sea food products. Therefore, this work aimed to extend the shelf life of smoked sardine by soaking in cuttlefish ink solution. No antibacterial activity of cuttlefish ink solution with different concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) has been determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DPPH radical scavenging activity for the ink samples ranged from 91% to 95% for the three ink solutions. Fresh fillets were steamed, smoked and soaked in the three ink solutions and then stored at 4 °C for 35 days. During storage, total viable counts, total volatile basic nitrogen values and peroxide values increased significantly only for control samples and those soaked with 1% of ink solution. Soaked samples showed the lowest amount of histamine when compared to the control one which may be related to a better controlled microbial proliferation. Ink solutions did not affect the whiteness of fillets, whereas the hardness increased significantly during the two first weeks of storage. Obtained results support using cuttlefish ink to lengthen smoked sardine shelf life. -
Curcumin chitosan microsphere improve ulcerative colitis inflammatory response by regulating miR-224-3p/TLR4 axise Original Article
YU, Shujiao; HUANG, Yuanhua; WU, Yinglin; WU, Yan; HUANG, Guodong; XIONG, Jun; YOU, YuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Objective To observe the clinical effect of curcumin chitosan microsphere (CCM) on ulcerative colitis. Methods: Our group selected 75 cases with ulcerative colitis (UC) receiving treatment at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University as observation group, and 75 cases that were healthy and received examination at the same time as control group. We detected serum miR-224-3p, TLR4, TNF-α and NF-κB levels using the double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA). In animal experiments, our team applied DSS to induce IBD mice models, allocated into control group, model group, sulfasalazine group, curcumin group and CCM high dose group, CCM medium dose group, and CCM low dose group, in total 7 groups (n = 10). After molding, on 3rd day our team began intragastric administration for 10 days. On 14th d, we sacrificed the mice, conducted HE staining, observed changes in the pathological form of bowel tissue in each group, and gave inflammation scores. Taking the colon tissue and serum, our team applied ELISA to detect inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, TLR4, IFN-γ levels in supernate of tissue homogenate, as well as performed western blot to detect SDF-1, CXCR4, miR-224-3p protein expression levels in intestinal tissue. Results: TNF-α, TLR4, NF-κB expressions in observation group were signally elevated while miR-224-3p expression visually decreased. In control group, TNF-α, TLR4, NF-κB expressions in observation group were signally decreased while miR-224-3p expression visually elevated, the difference was significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, serum TNF-α, TLR4, NF-κB expressions in sulfasalazine group, curcumin group, CCM low, medium and high dose groups were signally reduced, while IFN-γ expression was elevated significantly, when comparing with those in model control group, the difference was significant (P < 0.01). Compared CCM low, medium and high dose groups with sulfasalazine group, there was a significant difference in efficacy (P < 0.05). Compared CCM low, medium and high dose groups with curcumin group, there was a significant difference in efficacy (P < 0.05). We applied western blot to detect SDF-1, CXCR4, and miR-224-3p protein expression levels, finding that CCM enhanced in SDF-1, CXCR4, and miR-224-3p protein expression levels, with significant differences when comparing with those in model control and curcumin groups. Conclusion: CCM may elevate IFN-γ level and enhance SDF-1, CXCR4, and miR-224-3p protein expression levels through inhibiting TNF-α, NF-κB, and TLR4 expressions, thus reducing inflammatory response as well as damage to colon tissue in mice with UC through anti-inflammatory effects. -
Functional properties of cow's milk and soy drinks prepared by fermentation with probiotic and yoghurt bacteria Original Article
ŠERTOVIĆ, Edina; SARIĆ, Zlatan; ORAŠČANIN, Melisa; BOŽANIĆ, Rajka; BARAĆ, Miroljub; OMANOVIĆ-MIKLIČANIN, EnisaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Fermented probiotic products deserve special attention because they have probiotic activity and unique nutritional, sensory, and therapeutic properties, which is why they are classified as functional products. Since both probiotics and soy beverages are beneficial to human health, this study aimed to evaluate the chemical and functional characteristics of fermented beverages based on cow’s milk and soy beverage in addition to probiotic cultures. The content of macro and microelements in the produced beverages, polyphenolic components as well as the content of isoflavones were monitored. Having in mind the importance of minerals in the diet, it can be said that all variants of fermented beverages are a very rich source of calcium, potassium, and sodium. Based on the results of physical and chemical changes in the quality of fermented dairy beverages made from a mixture of cow's and soy beverage, concerning the characteristics of the products obtained by using only cow's milk, can be explained by the justification of the use of soy beverage in the production of fermented dairy products, with the aim of obtaining new functional fermented dairy product with a high content of bioactive components, mineral elements, significant nutritional and organoleptic properties. -
Effects of different doses of dezocine on central nervous system in mice Original Article
GONG, Wen-yi; XU, Bing; LIU, Li; LI, Shi-tongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Dezocine is an opioid receptor agonist – antagonist gaining popularity in clinical practice. It is both μ-receptor agonist and antagonist activities. This study was designed to investigate the effects of dezocine on the CNS oxidative and inflammation in mice. Eight-week old female BALB/c mice were obtained from Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University animal center. All animal procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Nanjing Medical University. We found that increasing dose of dezocine induced oxidative stress and inflammation in multiple brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, temporal cortex, and striatum. Elevated expression levels of anti- oxidants (NRF2, SOD-1 and HO-1), KEAP-1, GSH and MDA were found in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Elevated HO-1 and NRF2 levels were detected in the cerebellum and temporal cortex in the 3.0 mg/kg dezocine treated group. The SOD-1, HO-1, KEAP-1, NRF2, GSH and MDA levels were similar among groups in the olfactory bulb. The prefrontal cortex and striatum showed the most elevated oxidative stress (NRF2, SOD-1, and HO-1) marker levels. The number of PV-positive interneurons was decreased in the 1.5 mg/kg dezocine treated group, while the number of PNNs steadily increased over 3.0 mg/kg dezocine treated. -
Effects of mixed strains of rhizopus oryzae and lactobacillus on corn meal fermentation Original Article
ABDUL-ABBAS, Sinan Jawdat; AL ALNABI, Dhurgham Ismael Baqer; AL-HATIM, Raqad Raheem; AL-YOUNIS, Zena Kadhim; AL-SHAWI, Sarmad Ghazi; BOKOV, Dmitry Olegovich; ABDELBASSET, Walid KamalResumo em Inglês:
Abstract As long as they are provided in appropriate proportions, probiotics can be beneficial to the host. These bacteria are increasingly used in food to balance intestinal microbiota and relieve gastrointestinal disorders. However after traveling through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, surviving probiotic bacteria comprise 10 to 30 % of this population. It is a probiotic bacterium found in many probiotic foods. As a result of its inability to hydrolyze proteins and macromolecule carbs, L. acidophilus grows poorly in cereal products. The goal of the present investigation was a synbiotic beverage made from corn mash and Rhizopus oryzae-fermented corn mash. Starting culture concentration is one such element. Milk powder and Corn mash that had been fermented with Rhizopus oryzae were both researched in depth. Fermented cornflour with R. oryzae had just enough nutrients to support L. acidophilus' survival, but not its development. The proliferation of Lactobacillus acidophilus was not improved by adding sugar (1 or 2 %, w/v). However, once milk powder (1 % or 2 %, w/v) was put in, L. acidophilus developed rapidly. After 10 hours of fermentation using 5.5 % Rhizopus oryzae -fermented corn mash and 2 % Cell counts for skim milk powder were about. 9.0 log CFU/mL. During fermentation, the content of -glucans (approximately 781 mg/L) did not change considerably. -
Solar drying of 'Prata' bananas Original Article
SILVA, Álvaro Gustavo Ferreira da; CRUZ, Renata Ranielly Pedroza; MOREIRA, Wennia Gomes; PEREIRA, Maria Angelica Freitas; SILVA, Adriano Sant'Ana; COSTA, Franciscleudo Bezerra da; NASCIMENTO, Ana Marinho do; SOUZA, Pahlevi Augusto de; TIMOTEO, André Luiz dos Santos; RIBEIRO, Wellington SoutoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The banana is one of the most consumed fruits in the world, but it has little shelf life due to its high water activity. Drying is able to increase shelf life and pre-treatments can optimize the process. The objective was to study the solar drying kinetics and evaluate the effect of pre-treatments on the drying kinetics and physico-chemical quality of 'Prata' bananas. The drying was carried out in a solar dryer and the pre-treatments consisted of immersing the samples in solutions of water, citric acid (1%) and lemon juice (10%). Water loss, drying kinetics, mathematical models and physical-chemical and colorimetric characteristics of fresh and dried bananas were evaluated. The drying rate was higher at the beginning and stabilized after 20 hours. The mathematical model of Midilli and Kucuk was the one that best fit the experimental data. The water content, ascorbic acid and the parameters L *, b *, C * and h ° reduced after drying. Reducing sugars and a * coordinate increased and the acidity was not changed with drying. The solar drying of 'Prata' bananas is a sustainable and economical way to make a product available with a longer shelf life. -
Optimization of microencapsulation of yellow mombin juice by spray drying using a central composite rotatable design and powder physicochemical properties Original Article
MOURA, Naíra Paes de; SILVA, Jackelinne de Andrade; SOUZA, Michelle Maria Barreto de; SILVA JÚNIOR, Marcony Edson da; AZOUBEL, Patrícia Moreira; CONVERTI, Attilio; MACIEL, Maria Inês SucupiraResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Yellow mombin juice was microencapsulated by spray drying. Optimum operating conditions were selected from the outcomes of tests carried out according to a central composite rotatable design, using air inlet temperature (90 to 190 °C), feed flow rate (0.20 to 1.00 L/h) and 15 DE maltodextrin concentration (10 to 30%) as the independent variables, while powder moisture content, water activity, hygroscopicity, total carotenoids retention, and process yield as the responses. As expected, water activity, moisture content and yield of samples were significantly reduced by spray drying. The powder prepared under optimum conditions, whose reconstituted nectar was the most appreciated by panelists in sensory analysis, was partially characterized in terms of physicochemical properties. It exhibited an apparent density of 0.59 g/mL and a solubility of 81.49%. Particles generally occurred in clusters and exhibited spherical shape and smooth surface. The antioxidant activity was shown to be weak to intermediate. -
Provenient residues from industrial processing of açaí berries (Euterpe precatoria Mart): nutritional and antinutritional contents, phenolic profile, and pigments Original Article
ALVES, Vânia Maria; ASQUIERI, Eduardo Ramirez; ARAÚJO, Elias da Silva; MARTINS, Glêndara Aparecida de Souza; MELO, Adriane Alexandre Machado de; FREITAS, Barbara Catarina Bastos de; DAMIANI, ClarissaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract With worldwide recognition of the açaí berry as a source of nutrients and promising raw material, its residues/co-products such as peels and seeds have become an environmental problem. The present work aimed to characterize the pulp residue (peel + pulp), fresh dreg, and respective flour, as well as the seed and respective flour. The fractions were analyzed for physical, chemical, technological parameters, antinutritional compounds, and antioxidant profiles. The results showed that the peel + pulp is a source of lipids, soluble and insoluble fiber, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and antioxidants. The fresh dreg is a source of insoluble fiber; dreg flour is a source of carbohydrates and insoluble fiber; the seed and its respective flour are sources of carbohydrates, insoluble and soluble fiber, contain phytic acid, condensed tannins, and antioxidants. Such results demonstrate the possibility of incorporating these co-products in food formulations, besides enabling an efficient destination for these agribusiness residues. -
Ice creams made from cow’s and goat’s milks with different fat concentrations: physical-chemical and sensory properties Original Article
CARVALHO, Carolina Corrêa de; BODINI, Renata Barbosa; SOBRAL, Paulo José do Amaral; OLIVEIRA, Alessandra Lopes deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Goat’s milk ice cream made with different fat concentrations was compared with cow’s milk ice cream. DSC curves indicated typical behavior of the high water content system. The thermal properties, the enthalpy of fusion (ΔHm) and the amount of water (wuf) did not vary with the formulations. For goat’s milk ice cream, the viscosity was higher for smaller fat content. Independent of the milk, high fat content promoted greater air incorporation and melting point, indicating a softer and more stable product. Goat’s milk ice cream was highly accepted by the consumer with the term "liked it a lot" on the hedonic scale. -
An evaluation of the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics and the hygienic status of naturally fermented camel sausages (sucuks) Original Article
ŞİMŞEK, AzimResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of fermented camel sucuks and their hygienic status. In order to determine the hygienic status of sucuks, the study investigated the presence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, and carried out counts of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. Analyses were performed on 40 sucuks collected from different production and retail outlets in the Aydın province of Turkey. The physicochemical characteristics of the samples were generally within legal limits (except for the pH results). S. aureus and B. cereus were detected in 9 (22.5%) and 24 (60%) of sucuks, respectively. The counts of B. cereus in 9 sucuks and S. aureus in 5 sucuks were found to have exceeded the acceptable limits. E. coli counts were below the detection limit in all sucuks. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were not detected in any of the sucuks. The pH was negatively correlated with the counts of lactic acid bacteria and positively correlated with the pathogenic bacteria counts. The fat content had a significant effect on TBARS, cholesterol, energy and color values. Study results demonstrated that some sucuks were of insufficient hygienic quality and may have posed a hazard to consumer health. -
Cestode and nematode larvae of hygienic-sanitary importance parasitizing Balistes capriscus Gmelin, 1789, collected from fish markets of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Original Article
LEITE, Mayla Monique dos Santos; KNOFF, Marcelo; FONSECA, Michelle Cristie Gonçalves da; FELIZARDO, Nilza Nunes; GOMES, Delir Corrêa; SÃO CLEMENTE, Sergio Carmona deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Balistes capriscus is an appreciated fish species in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, due its excellent quality flesh. The constant presence of helminth larvae in the abdominal musculature, viscera and serosa of individuals of the species has been the subject of complaints among local fish traders because of economic losses due to their repugnant aspect. Considering their hygienic-sanitary importance and significance for collective health, the presence of helminth larvae was investigated in 44 individual fish of B. capriscus purchased from fish markets in the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, Campos dos Goytacazes and Cabo Frio, state of Rio de Janeiro, in 2017–2018. Cestode larvae, identified as Diphyllobothriidae gen. sp. and Callitetrarhynchus gracilis, were found parasitizing the abdominal cavity, abdominal musculature, mesentery and liver serosa. Nematode (Raphidascaridiidae) third-instar larvae, identified as Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum and Raphidascaris sp., were found parasitizing stomach, intestine, liver, spleen, liver serosa, mesentery and abdominal cavity. The highest parasitic indices were for Raphidascaris sp., with prevalence of 70.45%, mean intensity of 15.61, mean abundance of 11 and infection range of 1–76 specimens per host. Considerations of the zoonotic potential and hygienic-sanitary significance of these helminths are presented to increase food safety for consumers. -
Determining the amount and bioaccessibility of methylglyoxal and glyoxal in functional snack foods with herbal teas: effect of different herbal teas on α-Dicarbonyls Original Article
YUSUFOĞLU, Büşra; KARAKUŞ, Emine; YAMAN, MustafaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The global challenge against cardiovascular diseases, some tumours, diabetes, and diabetes-related disorders have accelerated. These conditions are often due to several dysfunctions in the metabolic pathway, which are influenced by diet. One reason for this is that excess consumption of processed foods may be accompanied by conversion of their components into harmful macromolecules such methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO) in the body. These hazardous compounds can be restricted during metabolism by plant-based natural sources or some medications. In this paper, anti-diabetic beverages such as green tea, bergamot-flavored black tea, and olive-leaf tea were used as plant-based sources, and functional snacks were developed using these ingredients. According to the results, the teas limited the formation of glycation products, with the greatest effects from bergamot-flavored black tea, followed by green tea and olive-leaf tea, respectively. The rates of MGO reduction were 83.80 ± 4.19, 97.84 ± 4.4, and 96.51 ± 4.37 µg/100 g, while the rates of GO reduction were 65.18 ± 2.95, 93.7 ± 4.2, and 33.1 ± 1.50 µg/100 g, respectively. -
Effect of annealing and α-amylase extract on the rheological properties, syneresis, and water holding capacity of different starches Original Article
ALQAH, Hisham; ALAMRI, Mohammed S.; MOHAMED, Abdellatif A.; HUSSAIN, Shahzad; QASEM, Akram Abdu; IBRAHEEM, Mohamed A.; YEHIA, Hany M.Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the impact of annealing and enzyme extract on the gel properties of chickpea (C.P), corn (C.S), Turkish bean (T.B), sweet potato (S.P.S), and wheat starches (W.S). Starches were annealed at different temperatures and times in excess water with or without germinated sorghum extract (GSE). The concentration of α-amylase in the GSE was 5 mg/10 mL. Dynamic rheological properties, freeze-thaw stability and water holding capacity (WHC) were investigated. The dynamic rheological parameters of the native or GSE-treated starches varied significantly (p < 0.05), while the G` of some starches were frequency-independent others exhibited sharp increase in G` at low frequencies. Unlike T.B and S.P.S, the G` of the native C.P and C.S starches was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by annealing, whereas GSE-treatment reduced G` of all gels regardless of annealing temperature or time. Starch gels demonstrated significant (p<0.05) reduction in freeze thaw stability and increase in water holding capacity after annealing and GSE treatment. -
Glycerin diet affects the size of the fat globule and the fatty acid profile of goat's milk Original Article
FREIRE, Luís Flávio da Silva; CRUZ, George Rodrigo Beltrão; COSTA, Roberto Germano; RIBEIRO, Neila Lidiany; GUERRA, Ricardo Romão; SOUSA, Solange; LIMA, Aécio Melo de; SILVA, Gislaine Ferreira; SANT’ANA, Amanda Marilia da Silva; NASCIMENTO, George Vieira doResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the production, fat and fatty acids of milk as well as the diameter, classification and quantity of the milk fat globules (MFG) of goats consuming a diet with 15% of crude glycerin. Twelve multiparous Saanen goats weighing 40 ± 6 kg and 90 ± 5 days of lactation were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (0 and 15% inclusion of glycerin). In this way, each milk sample is classified according to the percentage of milk fat globules that were included in these three size categories. For the variables milk production, fat, diameter, medium and large fat globules and amount of globules showed a significant effect of the inclusion of glycerin in the diet (p < 0.05). Fifteen fatty acids were found, mostly saturated. For caprylic, palmitic, and linoleic fatty acids, there was no significant influence of the inclusion of glycerin (p > 0.05). Can recommend the use of 15% double-distilled glycerin in the feeding of lactating goats increased milk production, the amount of fat, increased the size of the milk fat globule. Regarding the saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, they kept the level of 15% of glycerin. -
Evaluation of cookery methods in reduction of pesticide residues and quality attributes of okra fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Original Article
ISHFAQ, Bushra; SAMEEN, Aysha; PASHA, Imran; SHAHID, Muhammad; ABRAR, MuhammadResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the okra before cooking (fresh) and after cooking to determine the best cooking method by using compositional analysis, colour, texture, sensory evaluation and pesticide residues reduction. The cooking methods used were steam blanching, simmering, baking and sautéing. Cooking treatments resulted in a momentous increase (p < 0.05) in crude fibre and fat content during sautéing and total carbohydrate in baking in comparison to control. The CIE lab coordinates (L* and b*) significantly decreased while a* increased in all cooking treatments except in baking. The texture analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in shear force N (Newton) due to contact of the heating medium in moist cooking i.e. steam blanching and simmering. Sautéing and steam blanching scored better and showed acceptance of the consumers except simmering that exhibited lower acceptability (p < 0.01). Moreover, among the analyzed pesticide residues, minimum reduction occurred in cypermethrin (8.57-37.14-%), while the chlorpyrifos was completely removed in case of baking and sautéing. Among all cooking treatments, only sautéing resulted in maximum pesticide residues reduction. The study revealed that the sautéing cooking treatment was best to preserve the vegetable nutrients compounds, maximum pesticide residues reduction and maybe among preferred cooking treatments. -
Structure and nutrition of dark chocolate with pequi mesocarp (Caryocar villosum (Alb.) Pers.) Original Article
LORENZO, Natasha Dantas; SANTOS, Orquídea Vasconcelos dos; LANNES, Suzana Caetano da SilvaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In response to consumer’s claims, the aim of this study was the addition of lyophilized pequi mesocarp (pulp) in dark chocolate formulation to improve nutritional value. The lyophilized pequi mesocarp was analyzed and granulometry, centesimal composition, carotenoids, and scanning electron microscopy were verified. Lyophilized mesocarp was added (1.5%) (F2) to the dark chocolate (F1) formulation, and particle size, temper index, physicochemical parameters, rheology, thermal analysis, total antioxidant capacity by iron reduction method, and total phenolics were determined. The addition of 1.5% of pequi lyophilized mesocarp caused no significant increase (p < 0.05) in the particle size of the formulated chocolate mass, without increasing its viscosity and the initial tension. For the formulated chocolate’s tempering curve relative to the control there was an increase in the initial temper temperature and a decrease in the total process time. Infrared showed the presence of fatty acids in the pequi pulp, with 47% fat content and energy value of 519.71 kcal.100 g-1. Pequi pulp oil content was added (0.7%) to the formulated chocolate by adding the oil properties as high contents of oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids. The energy value of F1 and F2 formulations were 557.5 and 559.73 kcal.100 g-1, respectively. The thermal analyzes of the control and added chocolates showed that both withstood until 50 °C, not having interference of pequi pulp in the chocolate. The analysis of total phenolics showed an increase in the concentration of these compounds in the chocolate formulation added with lyophilized pequi mesocarp (813.49 µg GAE.mL-1) compared to the dark chocolate control formulation (235.98 µg GAE.mL-1). The use of lyophilized pequi pulp as an alternative for the enrichment of nutritional properties in dark chocolate was confirmed in this work. The products obtained have desirable nutritional quality and physical properties, being suitable for industrial production. -
Characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide extracted from Benincasa hispida var. chieh-qua How Original Article
WANG, Kuiwu; SHENG, Xinyuan; CHEN, Xinjuan; ZHU, Xinyue; YANG, ChuangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The water-soluble polysaccharide (BHCP) was isolated from the hot aqueous extract of Chieh qua (Benincasa hispida var. chieh-qua How) fruit. The polysaccharide was found to contain D-galactose and D-glucose in a molar ratio of 2.59:1 with both α- and β-glycosidic bond. The strong free radicals scavenging activity on DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals of the BHCP was demonstrated, and showing the BHCP from Chieh qua has potential application value on the functional food. -
Investigation the inhibitory effects of AgNPs generated by Bifidobacterium spp. on bacteria isolated from ready-to-eat foods Original Article
JAFAR, Nehan Bahaaldden; FADHIL, Zainab Hussein; MUSTAFA, Evan Mohammed; SAADI, Ali MohammedResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods including vegetable salads are one of the most preferable foods sold and served in resturants in Kirkuk city-Iraq. Foodborne diseases endure a major problem in developing countries because lacking of personal hygiene and food safety measurements. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are nanomaterials are one of the crucial and fascinating nanomaterials involved in various fields including control of pathogenic bacteria like foodborne pathogens. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize AgNPs by using eco-friendly Bifidobacterium (a silver reducing agent), and studying their effects against a range of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms. The synthesis of the AgNPs was monitored using ultraviolet visible UV- Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the absorption spectra of biologically-prepared AgNPs was at wave length ranging from 200-600 nm. The AgNPs have also different functional groups such as O-H, -C≡CH, C=C stretching vibration respectively. Antagonism effect of AgNPs on Staphyloccocus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.coli and Proteus mirabilis has been tested that isolates from (RTE) vegetable salads. Diameter of growth inhibition zone of these bacteria was determined using agar well diffusion method. -
Effect of time and storage condition on the performance of an electrochemical immunosensor for Salmonella Original Article
BRITO, Francisca Airlane Esteves de; FURTADO, Roselayne Ferro; BEZERRA, Lorena Cristina Rodrigues; FIGUEIREDO, Evânia Altina Teixeira de; MELO, Aíris Maria Araújo; ALVES, Carlucio Roberto; CHENG, Huai N.; BISWAS, AtanuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Storage of immunosensors has been rarely studied despite its importance for technology transfer to diagnostic companies. In this study was proposed a novel stabilizer storage solution of an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of Salmonella. A commercial stabilizer solution for immunoglobulin was also tested for the devices. The immunosensors were kept in solution for 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days at refrigerated (4 ºC) and room temperature (25 ºC). There was a statistical difference (p < 0.05) between the two stabilizer solutions and the temperatures. The best condition found for the storage of the immunosensors was the formulated solution under refrigeration (4 ºC). -
The lipid source can modify saturated and unsaturated fatty acids profile of meat of lambs Original Article
RODRIGUES, Bruna Junqueira; ÍTAVO, Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira; ÍTAVO, Luís Carlos Vinhas; GOMES, Marina de Nadai Bonin; DIFANTE, Gelson dos Santos; ARCO, Thais Fernanda Farias de Souza; GURGEL, Antonio Leandro Chaves; HIGANO, Larissa Marques; GODOY, Camila de; MIGUEL, Aline Aparecida da Silva; SOUZA, Gabriella Vitor de; LUZ, Rosanne Cristine da Silva; BRIXNER, Bárbara MartinsResumo em Inglês:
Abstract We hypothesize that lambs fed diets with different lipids sources from oilseeds would similar performance but fatty acids profile of meat superior to those fed with conventional diets. We evaluated the effects of inclusion of oilseeds on the ingestive behaviour, performance, carcass trait and meat quality in feedlot lambs. Three isonitrogenous (18.31% crude protein) diets were evaluated, where one diet was the standard (control), and the others two diets contained soybean and cottonseed. Fifteen Texel lambs, weighting 28.5 ± 1.65 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design by 56 days. Animals fed soybean diet demonstrated greater final body weight when compared to animals fed cottonseed diet and standard diet. The inclusion of cottonseed provided lower average daily gain and total weight gain. Ingestive behaviour of the animals fed diets with grains resulted in greater rumination time. Lambs fed cottonseed diet spent greater time during rumination and presented greater number of chews/day. The hot carcass and cold carcass weight presented lower values in animals fed cottonseeds diet. There was no significant difference in meat for marbling, maturity, fat texture and shear force. Meat from animals fed soybean diet had highest fat content. There was a diet effect for fatty acids composition in the meat. Meat of lambs treated with soybean have greater amounts for fatty acids mostly the unsaturated ones, related to the decrease in cholesterol levels, and lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, thus, lambs fed soybean enrich meat produced with fatty acids that benefit human health. -
Effects of kefir on paraoxanase activity (PON1), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and serum lipid profiles in smokers and non-smokers Original Article
DIKEN, Huda Oflazoglu; DEMIRTAS, Berjan; KAYA, Hacer KayhanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Some scientific evidence indicates that antioxidant-rich diets may prevent the negative effects of free radicals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of kefir consumption on paraxonase-1 (PON1) activity, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and serum lipid parameters in smokers and non-smokers. At baseline, PON1 activity, TAS, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were lower (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.05, respectively) whereas TOS, triglyceride (TG), and light-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were higher (all P<0.05) in smokers compared to non-smokers. There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (TC) levels between two groups (P>0.05). After 6-week of kefir consumption, PON1 and TAS values were significantly increased in smokers (both P<0.05) and non-smokers (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Kefir consumption did not have any significant effect on TOS, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, and TG values both in smokers (all P>0.05) and non-smokers (all P>0.05). Regular consumption of kefir increases the PON1 activity and TAS value in both smokers and non-smokers. It can be concluded that kefir plays an important role in favor of antioxidants in the formation of antioxidant/oxidant balance in both smokers and non-smokers. -
Modified QuEChERS combined with UPLC-MS/MS to determine eight biogenic amines in Xinjiang smoked horsemeat sausages Original Article
WANG, Yuan; XING, Lijie; LUO, Ruifeng; LI, Xianyi; ZHANG, Fei; LU, ShilingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract A modified QuEChERS method coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of eight biogenic amines (BAs) in Xinjiang smoked horsemeat sausages. The conditions of UPLC-MS/MS, extraction solvent and QuEChERS purification were optimized. The internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis. Results showed that the eight BAs exhibited good linearity (1-200 μg/L, correlation coefficient > 0.99). The limits of detection and quantification were 5 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg, respectively. The accuracy was between 80.4% and 111.4%, and the precision was less than 10%. The established method was effectively used for the determination of eight BAs in forty Xinjiang smoked horsemeat sausages. Results showed that tyramine was the major amine, followed by cadaverine, putrescine and spermine. Total BAs content ranged from 26.5 mg/kg to 352.9 mg/kg, the contents of BAs in Xinjiang smoked horsemeat sausages may pose a potential health risk. -
Eutectic point and freeze-drying curve of Tremella fuciformis containing sucrose Original Article
LI, Yibin; CHEN, Shouhui; TANG, Baosha; WU, Li; LAI, PufuResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The eutectic point and drying curve of food multicomponent materials are the key to improve the efficiency of freeze-drying.The eutectic point, co-melting point, pre-freezing time, heating temperature and freeze-drying curve of Tremella fuciformis containing sucrose were investigated. The eutectic point and co-melting point temperature of materials were - 15.49 °C and - 8.35 °C respectively measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At the pre-freezing temperature of -25 °C for 3.5 h, the moisture of the sample was completely transformed into glassy ice. Different heating temperatures were set in sections during the drying process of multicomponent materials. The best heating temperature was 80°C for 3 hours, then 70 °C for 5 hours, then 60 °C for 12 hours, and finally 50 °C to constant dryness. Under the optimal operating conditions, Tremella fuciformis entered the desorption drying stage at the 8th hour, and the material could be dried to less than 5% moisture content at 25 h. -
Effects of Lactobacillus sakei inoculation on biogenic amines reduction and nitrite depletion of chili sauce Original Article
ZHANG, Yalin; ZHU, Wenyou; REN, Hongyang; TIAN, Tian; WANG, XinhuiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, the effects of the starter culture Lactobacillus sakei on pH, the total lactic acid concentration, nitrite depletion and histamine reduction of chili sauce were investigated. The nitrite concentration in the CPN sample was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the CPS sample (as control), and decreased by 30.87%.The putrescine and histamine concentration in starter culture inoculated chili sauce were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the control sample, and were decreased by 38.08% and 49.88%, respectively. These results revealed that L. sakei could be used as a potential starter culture for nitrite depletion and biogenic amines reduction of chili sauce with good sensory attributes. -
Volatile organic compounds present in jerked beef, a traditional Brazilian meat product Original Article
FREIXO, Ana Paula Alexandre; SILVA, Ana Carolina Ramos da; CASTRO, Maria Luiza Reis de; QUITÉRIO, Simone Lorena; RAICES, Renata Santana LorenzoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Jerked beef (JB) is a salty and dry meat product, which is considered the evolution of traditional charque (CH). Despite being a product subject to inspection by several government spheres, its production process may suffer some variations depending on the manufacturer, as the Technical Regulation of Identity and Quality of the product does not establish the time allocated to each processing step. The determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) can reveal characteristic substances of the food and possible quality markers. The application of solid-phase microextraction in the headspace, in series with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS/SPME-GC/MS), allowed the detection of 103 VOC, among acids, ketones, aldehydes, amines, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ethers, esters and others. Acetic, butanoic and pentanoic acids were identified and associated with the characterization of the JB product, having already been correlated in previous studies to deterioration in fresh meat. Compounds possibly from the migration of plastic packagings, such as caprolactam and oxalic acid, were observed in the analyzed samples. -
Purification and the effects on structure and bioactivity for polysaccharide from Actinidia valvata Dunn. using macroporous adsorption resin Original Article
PAN, Feng; LI, Sanhua; ZHU, Xinting; YANG, Jianbo; WEN, Jing; SONG, Changwei; LUO, Xirong; RUAN, Guoyong; LIU, YunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Resin AB-8 was screened from seven resins with different polarity and particle size because of its better decoloration and deproteinization efficiency to polysaccharide from the root of Actinidia valvata (AvPs), and then the optimized parameter conditions were applied by the single-factor experiments and were shown as follows: a concentration of crude polysaccharide of 3 mg/mL, an adsorption time of 40 min, an initial pH of 7.0, a flow rate of 1.5 BV/h. In addition, the results of HPGPC, FT-IR, PMP-HPLC-DAD, 1H NMR and Congo red test showed that the sugar chain, structural group, monosaccharide composition and triple-helix conformation structure of AvPs were not broken during resin AB-8 treatment. Moreover, AvPs could keep the stability of biological activity after the resin AB-8 treatment, and revealed an obviously antioxidant and anticancer activities in vitro as well. This research suggests that this method is promising for the deproteinization and decolorization of AvPs which could be explored as a potential antioxidant or anticancer agent for use in functional food or medicine. -
Prepparation, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides selenides from Qingzhuan Dark Tea Original Article
ZHOU, Hongfu; WANG, Shiyue; WANG, Ziyao; XIE, Wenjing; WANG, Cai; ZHENG, MinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The effective selenylated polysaccharides (refer as TPS-Se) with an average molecular weight (MW) of 3.109 × 104 Da was synthesized by the reduction of sodium selenite with ascorbic acid in the presence of Qingzhuan Dark Tea polysaccharides (TPS). The selenium (Se) content of TPS-Se was up to 37.05%. The differences between TPS and TPS-Se were compared in morphology, structure, antioxidant activity, and molecular weight using FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), SEM, AFM, and Integrated thermal gravimetric analysis. The results indicated that Se4+ was reduced to Se0 by ascorbic acid. Further, the Se0 atoms aggregate into Se nuclei and bind to the C=O from TPS. Also, TPS-Se exhibited higher DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging abilities than TPS. This difference may be attributed to the fact that Se has good antioxidant activity. The test results demonstrated that TPS-Se was prepared successfully by reducing sodium selenite with ascorbic acid, which exhibited a higher radical-scavenging ability. Finally, LD50 value of 136.89 mg/kg, with a 95% confidence interval of 102.82~182.82 mg/kg, was determined by gavage administration for TPS-Se’s. -
Investigation of in vitro formation of advanced lipoxidation end products and advanced glycation end products precursors in high-fat processed meat products Original Article
DUMAN, Erman; KURBAN, HaticeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The precursors glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) or advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) occur exogenously and endogenously. These α-dicarbonyl compounds, GO and MGO, can be formed from Maillard reactions during food processing as well as protein and lipid peroxidation. The purpose of the present study was to determine and evaluate the in vitro formation of AGEs and ALEs precursors, GO and MGO, in high-fat processed meat products. Before digestion, GO and MGO amounts in the samples ranged between 59.0 and 81.0 µg/100 g and between 11.7 and 47.0 µg/100 g, respectively. After in vitro digestion, GO and MGO formation ranged between 147.0 and 514.1% and 156.0 and 6912.3%, respectively. It is believed that prooxidant components, such as oxygen, enzymes, or heme-proteins, in the gastrointestinal tract promote lipid oxidation; therefore, GO and MGO can be formed. A higher rate of MGO increase was observed in starch containing meatball (chicken) and nugget samples in the gastrointestinal tract. It is thought that the carbohydrates in the meat samples may have contributed to the amount of GO and MGO formed. Thus, reducing fat and starch may produce low levels of GO and MGO formation in the foods during processing or digestion. -
Dynamic changes of microbial flora in the pickled bergamot (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis) - LaoXiangHuang (LXH) during aging Original Article
LIN, Liang-Jing; CHEN, Xi; CAI, Hui-Tian; ZHANG, Xiao-Yong; GAO, Xiang-YangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract LaoXiangHuang (LXH) is a medical pickled fruit made of fresh finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis) in Chaozhou, China. Aging is a process to strengthen the efficacy of Laoxianghuang (LXH), which is related to the activity of microorganisms. In this study, the changes of the microbial community of LXH within the three-years aging process were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). According to alpha diversity results, bacterial abundance and diversity were higher than those of fungi. A total of 3 phyla and 13 bacterial genera were identified whereas 2 phyla and 4 fungal genera were identified. Meta-taxonomic of the overall bacterial communities in samples revealed that Halomonas spp. was the most abundant genus in all samples, which showed the first decresed, and then increased and decreased finally. The followed by Nitriliuptor spp., Nesterenkonia spp., Weissella spp., Notinibacter spp., Streptococcus spp., Nocardiopsis spp., Acinetobacter spp., Ralstonia spp., Lactobacillus spp. and unassigned genus. The unassigned genera (through the whole three-years fermentation period), Ustilago spp., Malassezia spp., Aspergillus spp. and Schizophyllum spp. were the predominant fungal genera. The result of PCOA and T-test analysis exhibited that the samples with different aging times have significant differences and are mainly reflected in Halomonas, unassigned bacterial genera, Nitriliruptor, Nesterenkonia, Weissella, Intestinibacter, Streptococcus and Nocardiopsis, Lactobacillus, Acinetobacter, Ralstonia, unassigned fungal genera, Ustilago spp. Malassezia spp. Aspergillus spp. and Schizophyllum spp., which may have important potential in promoting the aging process of LXH. This study helps us to understand the dynamic change of microorganisms of LXH during the aging process and provides a research basis for shortening the aging time of LXH in the future. -
Determination of SOD in black ginger extract and its effect on the liver of rats with type 2 diabetes Original Article
HUA, Li Yue; NING, Zhou; YUEBAO, NingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The peeling process of fresh ginger during factory production causes not only waste but also pollution to the environment. Now, by fermenting whole pieces of fresh ginger into black ginger, people are able to further enhance the nutritional value of ginger while lowering the burden on the environment. In this experiment, fresh ginger was fermented into black ginger, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) crudely extracted from both fresh ginger and black ginger were gavaged separately in type 2 diabetic rats to compare the SOD activity and effect in rat liver during the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It was found that the SOD activity of extracts from fermented black ginger was much higher than that of extracts from fresh ginger. In addition, the activity of SOD in the liver of rats gavaged with black ginger extract is higher than that in the liver of rats gavaged with fresh ginger extract, which shows that black ginger extract has certain protective effects on the liver. -
Development of a reliable pH-STAT in-vitro model for gastrointestinal digestion of lipids and application for infant formula Original Article
WANG, Mengxun; XU, Shixiang; CHEONG, Ling-Zhi; XU, Xuebing; BI, Yanlan; ZHANG, HongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Present study aims to establish a reliable infant digestion model using pH-STAT method and the model is also applied to static in-vitro digestion of different infant formulas. Model-3 which consisted of NaCl, KCl and CaCl2 as gastrointestinal digestive fluids demonstrated better repeatability than model-1 was selected for the evaluation of static in-vitro digestion of different infant formulas (different fatty acids, protein composition and with/without milk fat globule membrane) using pH-STAT method. Three infant formulas (IF) with different fatty acids composition were evaluated and IF2 which contained the highest amounts of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (8.02 ± 0.47%) demonstrated the highest in-vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis rate (65.88 ± 0.24%). Infant formulas containing peptides and amino acids were more easily hydrolyzed by protease, which probably enhanced the release of FFA (IF1, 50.60 ± 0.87%; IF4, 60.17 ± 2.97%; IF5, 62.21 ± 2.27%; IF6, 66.51 ± 2.38%). In addition, the presence of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM, IF7) was found to accelerate in-vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis (IF1, 50.60 ± 0.87%; IF7, 58.05 ± 1.77%). In summary, the new developed model is suitable for investigating in-vitro digestion of different infant formulas. -
Comparative analysis on the quality of Wuyi Rougui (Camellia sinensis) tea with different grades Original Article
PANG, Xiaomin; CHEN, Fangya; LIU, Guoying; ZHANG, Qi; YE, Jianghua; LEI, Weixing; JIA, Xiaoli; HE, HaibinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Wuyi Rock tea is one of well-known tea in China. The ‘Spring Tea Competition’ every year is a big event in tea industry of Wuyishan City. In this paper, 667 samples with four grades of Wuyi Rougui teas from ‘Spring Tea Competition, 2019’ were collected to determine quality indexes. The relationship between the quality index and tea grades was analyzed. The results showed that the higher the grade of teas, the higher the total quality score (TQS) of sensory evaluation. Most of tea quality indexes had the same tendency with TQS. The contents of tea polyphenols, soluble sugar, and catechins were significantly different between the different grades teas. PCoA showed that grades of teas could be effectively distinguished by the tea quality indexes. The contents of tea polyphenols, caffeine, epigallocatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin were significantly and positively correlated to TQS of sensory evaluation. These results suggested that higher content of multicomponents is the material basis of high quality tea. The tea polyphenols, caffeine and catechin can be used to evaluate the grade difference of Wuyi Rougui tea. The ratio of phenols to amino acids, ester catechins to non-ester catechins, and characteristic amino acids are important hallmark of the top tea. -
Establishing a MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS method for rapid identification of three common Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Micrococcus luteus) associated with foodborne diseases Original Article
ZHANG, Rui; ZHANG, Yalun; ZHANG, Tao; XU, Miaomiao; WANG, Hui; ZHANG, Shuang; ZHANG, Tonghe; ZHOU, Wei; SHI, GuohuaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract We aimed to establish a method for the rapid identification of three common Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Micrococcus luteus) associated with foodborne diseases. MALDI-TOF-MS was used to determine the effects of sample pretreatment, culture medium, and culture time on the identification results. Then, MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS was used to establish an optimized method and further explore the effects of culture time on secondary proteins. Among the three sample pretreatment methods, formic acid extraction outperformed direct transfer and extended direct transfer, resulting in more protein peaks and higher peak intensity in B. cereus culture samples. However, with different culture times (1–7 d), ion peaks of all bacterial proteins were relatively stable according to MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS data. The protein peaks of B. cereus (1430 m/z), L. monocytogenes (2100 m/z), and M. luteus (2140 m/z) were split into small ion peaks at 1162, 1465, and 1625 m/z, respectively. After 7 d of culture, the secondary spectra, peak intensities, and peak values of formic acid-treated samples were relatively stable, indicating that secondary protein peaks were less affected by culture time. It provides a new approach for the routine identification and market supervision of food safety in China. -
Mechanochemical-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from bamboo leaves and its optimized processing parameters Original Article
SHEN, Dan; JIN, Tingyu; WANG, Jianguo; ZHU, XingyiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Mechanochemical-assisted extraction (MCAE) method was applied to the extraction of polysaccharides from the bamboo leaves. The MCAE parameters were investigated via response surface methodology design experiments, the processing conditions were optimized as follows: milling time 30 min, liquid-solid ratio 2:1, extraction time 48 min. Under these conditions, the experimental value of (11.40 ± 0.12)% corresponded with the value predicted by the model and was higher than super fine-grinding extraction (SFGE) of (11.17 ± 0.15)% and heat reflux extraction (HRE) of (10.92 ± 0.17)%. The mechanism of mechanochemical-assisted extraction (MCAE) was discussed based on scanning electron microscope. Compared to HRE, the extraction time was significantly shortened, the water consumption and extraction temperature were also lowered. MCAE is a good choice for the efficient extraction of polysaccharides from bamboo leaves. -
Application of neural networks in predicting the qualitative characteristics of fruits Original Article
ABDELBASSET, Walid Kamal; NAMBI, Gopal; ELKHOLI, Safaa Mostafa; EID, Marwa Mahmoud; ALRAWAILI, Saud Mashi; MAHMOUD, Mustafa ZuhairResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this research, the quality properties of persimmon were predicted using artificial intellect techniques. The persimmon samples were transferred to a computer vision lab, room temperature of 24 °C and 22% RH. The samples were divided into three groups for temperature treatment. They were kept at three temperature levels of 5 °C, 15 °C, and 24°C (control group) for 72 hours. The sample was then placed at room temperature and was imaged every second day for a 14 day period. After imaging, each sample underwent destructive tests to determine their quality attributes, including sugar content, firmness, and pH. The results indicate that the neural network's predicted values of acidity, firmness, and sugar of persimmon were not statistically significant differences from their actual values. In predicting the acidity of persimmon, the sugar RMSE is more than the two factors of firmness and acidity. For this reason, the accuracy of firmness and acidity is higher than sugar. MAPE is 10.11, 20.81, and 6.03 for acidity, firmness, and sugar, respectively. The model for sugar indicates a high difference between the actual values and the predicted values. -
Immunoblotting identification of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) LOX isoforms and in vitro crosslinking assay over selected collagenous materials Original Article
Ramírez-Guerra, Hugo E.; Mazorra-Manzano, Miguel A.; Pacheco-Aguilar, Ramón; Lugo-Sánchez, María E.; Carvallo-Ruiz, Gisela; Acevedo, Susana M. Scheuren; Torres-Arreola, Wilfrido; Cota-Arriola, Octavio; Ramírez-Suárez, Juan C.Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract Jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) muscle hardness has been related to hydroxylysyl-pyridinoline (HP) formation (collagen fibre stabilization) via condensation of oxidized ε-amino groups of lysine and/or hydroxylysine by lysyl oxidase (LOX). Previously published literature has suggested the presence of LOX isoforms in squid muscle. Thus, the objective of the present research was to test the hypothesis that squid LOX isoforms exist in fresh mantle muscle. A semi-pure LOX extract (SPLE) was used to perform an immunoblotting assay using two commercial human-LOX antibodies. Furthermore, SPLE (specific activity of 20 mU/mg of protein) was tested in vitro for possible HP formation using several collagenous materials. Immunoblotting assay confirmed the presence of squid LOX at 32 kDa and its isoforms at 34 kDa and 24 kDa. Although LOX oxidized ε-amino groups on collagenous materials, no HP formation was detected. However, the latter could promote interesting collagen functional modifications. -
Screening and characterization of a salt-tolerant aflatoxin B1-degrading strain isolated from Doubanjiang, a Chinese typical red pepper paste Original Article
ZHAO, Chi; DONG, Ling; ZHANG, Fengju; LUO, Yongliang; YANG, Zebo; ZHANG, Xiaoping; LI, ZhihuaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a carcinogenic mycotoxin present in many foods, posing a serious human health problem. Oriental high-salt fermented foods are highly susceptible to AFB1 contamination due to their production process and condition. Therefore, it is necessary to isolate microbial resources that can remove AFB1 in a high-salt condition. In the current study, forty-nine salt-tolerant microorganisms with the ability to remove AFB1 were isolated from Doubanjiang, a Chinese typical high-salt red pepper paste. Among them, Bacillus velezensis AD8 had the highest removal rate of AFB1. The AFB1 removal activity of B. velezensis AD8 was mainly attributed to culture supernatant, and it was sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or/and proteinase-K treatment, which indicated that extracellular enzyme contributed to the degradation of AFB1. The optimal incubation time, pH value and NaCl concentration of the initial medium for degradation of AFB1 by the B. velezensis AD8 were investigated. In addition, the AFB1 concentration had no significant effect on degradation activity. The addition of nitrogen source, Mg2+ and Mn2+ stimulated degradation rate, whereas addition of carbon source, Zn2+ and Fe2+ inhibited degradation. Thus, B. velezensis AD8 might be a potential candidate to degrade AFB1 in high-salt food matrices. -
Mechanism of inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by bavachalcone Original Article
FENG, Yingying; NAN, Haijuan; ZHOU, Haoyu; XI, Penghang; LI, BoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Bavachalcone is an important active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Fructus Psoraleae. The inhibitory effect of bavachalcone on α-glucosidase activity is reported for the first time and the mechanism elucidated by molecular docking. The inhibition of α-glucosidase by bavachalcone (IC50 15.35 ± 0.57 μg/mL) was significantly superior to acarbose (IC50 2.77 ± 0.09 mg/mL). Inhibition type was mixed competitive and non-competitive. Molecular docking suggested this inhibition stems from hydrogen bonds formed with the trp391, arg428, and trp710 residues of α-glucosidase. -
Effect of lemon essential oil-enriched coating on the postharvest storage quality of citrus fruits Original Article
ZHANG, Weiqing; LIN, Mei; FENG, Xianju; YAO, Zhoulin; WANG, Tianyu; XU, ChengnanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of lemon essential oil and its mixtures with chitosan, calcium chloride, and natamycin on the postharvest storage quality of citrus. The analysis of the physiological and biochemical index changes of citrus stored at 20 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity for 60 days showed that lemon essential oil and its mixtures could help to maintain nutritional and sensory quality of citrus. In addition, the lemon essential oil and its mixtures increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). The citrus treated with 1.0% lemon essential oil, 1.0% chitosan, 1.0% calcium chloride, and 0.03% natamycin presented the highest contents of total soluble solids(TSS), titratable acid (TA), and vitamin C (Vc), and the lowest decay rate, weight loss, relative conductivity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and better SOD, CAT, and POD activities, all of which suggested that this mixture had the best effect on keeping citrus fresh. This work could provide a theoretical basis for using a lemon essential oil mixture as a green preservative to improve the storage quality of citrus. -
Quinoa starch microspheres for drug delivery: preparation and their characteristics Original Article
LUO, Yang; NI, Futai; GUO, Mingzhu; LIU, Juan; CHEN, Huan; ZHANG, Sitong; LI, Yanli; CHEN, Guang; WANG, GangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Quinoa starch microparticles (QSMs) fabricated with unhydrolyzed quinoa starch (QS) by inverse microemulsion technology could be used as medicine delivery and cosmetic accessories. The size distribution of QSMs was uniform at 28.5 μM, and the adsorption capacity of methylene blue was 0.82 mg/ g. The optimum preparation process was as follows: a QS mass fraction of 9%, an epoxy chloropropane content of 1%, an amount of oil phase of 100 mL, a span 80 of 3 mg/mL, and a stirring speed of 400 r/min for 3 h at room temperature and pressure. The QSMs were spherical, ellipsoidal in shape with the specific surface area of 1.676 m2/g. The crystallinity of the QSMs increased from 1.24% to 16.8% after crosslinking. The maximum thermal degradation temperature of the QSMs rose slightly than QS. It will be a promising material for application as a drug carrier and in cosmetics. -
Pear pomace powder added quinoa-based gluten-free cake formulations: effect on pasting properties, rheology, and product quality Original Article
BOZDOGAN, Neslihan; ORMANLI, Ebru; KUMCUOGLU, Seher; TAVMAN, SebnemResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Pear pomace powder (PPP), xanthan gum (XG), and their combined effect on batter rheology, pasting properties, and the quality parameters of quinoa-based gluten-free cupcakes (GFC) were investigated. The water-retention capacities of flour blends, the batters’ rheological properties, and the flour blends’ pasting properties were analyzed and the quality characteristics of the GFCs were determined. The addition of XG to the formulation led to an increase in peak viscosity, final viscosity, and breakdown viscosity while PPP content caused a decrease. Opposite effects that XG and PPP have on pasting properties help to form a more stable structure. PPP and XG demonstrated escalating impacts on the flour blends’ water-retention capacities, density, and batter viscosity. All batters displayed pseudoplastic behavior, whereas Power-law model was found to be the most suitable model describing the batter's rheological characteristics. Increasing PPP and/or XG amounts led to larger elastic and viscous modulus. The PPP addition decreased the cake volumes and increased the crumb hardness. However, the XG addition to the blends caused the sample volume to increase and the hardness to decrease. The porosity of the samples decreased as the amount of PPP increased in the formulation. However, in the presence of XG, PPP demonstrated increased porosity. -
Bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and consumer acceptability of heat-treated quinoa cookies Original Article
VALENZUELA-GONZÁLEZ, Maribel; ROUZAUD-SÁNDEZ, Ofelia; LEDESMA-OSUNA, Ana Irene; ASTIAZARÁN-GARCÍA, Humberto; SALAZAR-LÓPEZ, Norma Julieta; VIDAL-QUINTANAR, Reyna Luz; ROBLES-SÁNCHEZ, MaribelResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) stands out because of its high nutritional value and bioactive compounds, which can benefit human health. Heat treatments can improve the content of these compounds; however, few reports have investigated the behavior of phenolic compounds in quinoa when subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of heat treatments on: (1) Total phenols and flavonoids, individual phenolics, and antioxidant activity of quinoa flour subjected to two different heat processes (boiling and microwaving); (2) Bioaccessibility of total phenols, flavonoids, individual phenolics, and the intestinal recovery of antioxidant activity of cookies made using heat-treated quinoa flours and (3) Consumer opinions of cookies made using heat-treated quinoa flours. The results demonstrated that cookies formulated with microwave-treated quinoa flour had greater bioaccessibility of phenols (647%), flavonoids (98%), ferulic acid (144%), rutin (65%), quercetin (85%), and kaempferol (97%) than cookies made with raw or boiled quinoa. Cookies made with heat-treated quinoa showed better consumer acceptability than those made with uncooked quinoa. Therefore, the microwave treatment of quinoa may be a viable alternative for producing healthier foods. -
Using Purple Amerindian Yam (cará roxo, Dioscorea trifida L.) as brewing adjunct: technical and sensorial analysis Original Article
MATOS, Ítalo Thiago Silveira Rocha; MOTA, Maria Luisa Forasteiro; CARMO, Edson Júnior doResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Purple Amerindian Yam (PAY, Dioscorea trifida L.) is an important component of traditional people dietary in Brazilian central amazon rainforest. It is mainly produced by family farmers, using ecologically friendly ways of cultivation. Face to the new Brazilian legislation about brewing adjuncts, its technical viability for use as brewing adjunct was evaluated, besides a sensorial analysis of the resulting beers by trained consumers. Were produced 4 different beers: control group (only barley malt), PAY15, PAY30 and PAY45, using 15%, 30% and 45% of PAY in substitution of barley malt respectively. Along mashing phase, sugar concentration was affected only in PAY45, while soluble protein increased in all assays using adjunct. The kinetic of fermentation was not affected in any assay. In the final products, not significant differences were observed for pH and sugars and proteins concentration. Alcoholic concentration was signiticantly decreased only by the PAY45 assay. EBC scale values increased in assays using PAY, due its purple color. Flavors and aroma's perceptions for hops and ferment were not affected, being the only significant organoleptic difference observed to malt's flavor in PAY45 assay. These results indicate the viability of PAY as brewing adjunct, viable to substitute until 30% of barley malt. -
Proteus penneri encapsulation with maltodextrin and sodium alginate using a spray-drying method Original Article
NOOR, Erliza; YUSRON, Muchamad; SITORUS, Ruth Desi Mery ChristinaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Proteus penneri has been isolated from the digestive tract and used for coffee fermentation. As its viability is compromised rapidly by unfavorable environmental conditions, encapsulation technique is used to protect it. The purpose of this study is to develop a bacterial encapsulation method that can preserve viability of Proteus penneri. The Proteus penneri were isolated from civet feces. Bacterial encapsulation was performed using a spray-drying method, and maltodextrin and sodium alginate were used as coating materials. We tested 15%, 20%, and 30% (w/v) concentrations of maltodextrin and 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1% (w/v) concentrations of sodium alginate. The encapsulated bacteria were stored for two weeks to study the stability of enzyme activity. We found that the spray-drying technology using maltodextrin as coating material resulted in a stable encapsulated bacterium. However, Proteus penneri did not survive well during the process. Loss of viability is caused by the membrane cell wall damage. After two weeks storage, bacterial viability decreased significantly. The enzymatic activity of the encapsulated cellulolytic bacteria was influenced by concentration of the bacteria, however the activity appeared to be stable after two weeks of storage. -
Effects of ω-3 fatty acids and ratio of ω-3/ω-6 for health promotion and disease prevention Original Article
MUKHAMETOV, Almas; YERBULEKOVA, Moldir; AITKHOZHAYEVA, Gulsim; TUYAKOVA, Gulim; DAUTKANOVA, DinaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Awareness of the role of essential fatty acids in human health and disease prevention has been increasing among the population over the past decades. It is known that the positive correlation of essential fatty acid content with a decrease in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, infant development, brain and vision functioning, arthritis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and neurological/neuropsychiatric disorders. Rich sources of essential fatty acids are fish, fish oil, and some vegetable oils. In this paper, the average content of linoleic and α-linolenic acids in oils (g/100 g of fat) and their ratio is presented. In Kazakhstan, among vegetable oils, sunflower oil is the most commonly consumed, in which the ratio ω-6 to ω-3 on average is about 220:1, which exceeds all recommended norms. Based on the examination of literary data on this topic, the desk-based research approach was used in this paper. According to the results, statistical data on the number of diseases of the cardiovascular system and diabetes mellitus are confirmed by studies on the positive relationship between PUWC and the development of these diseases, which indicates the need to conduct more studies on the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 in the diets. The objective of this research is to encourage scientists to increase their basic grasp of biochemistry in order to improve health and prevent fatty acid illness. -
Analysis of microbiological contaminants in mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758), before and after depuration, from mariculture of the lowland coast, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Original Article
GUIMARÃES FILHO, Carlos Eduardo de Freitas; CALIXTO, Flávia Aline Andrade; KASNOWSKI, Maria Carmela; MESQUITA, Eliana de Fátima Marques deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Mussels can be used in the assessment of contamination of marine environments because of their filtering particles. Since they are used as a food source, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the (experimental) depuration process for the microbiological quality of mussels obtained from two regions of the Baixadas Litorâneas in Rio de Janeiro. Samples of cultivation water and mussels were collected seasonally from March 2019 to February 2020, in a total of 240 animals from both regions to perform the Most Probable Number of coliforms at 35 °C, at 45 °C (E. coli), Enterococcus spp., research Salmonella spp., count of heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria in control samples and debugged. A low count of E. coli was observed for the cultivation water, but in mussels the counts were high in the winter period in Armação de Búzios, exceeding the limits established in accordance with the current legislation. However, the depuration technique adopted after collection provided a reduction in bacteriological counts, proving to be an effective process. Therefore, if there is a bacterial reduction with the adoption of the depuration process, there is a need for mitigation measures adopted by mariculturers and city halls regarding the safety of marine waters and molluscs. -
Encapsulated omega-3 addition to a cashew apple/araça-boi juice - effect on sensorial acceptability and rheological properties Original Article
PRADO, Giovana Matias do; SOUSA, Paulo Henrique Machado de; SILVA, Larissa Morais Ribeiro da; WURLITZER, Nedio Jair; GARRUTI, Deborah dos Santos; FIGUEIREDO, Raimundo Wilane deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The elaboration of fruit blends added of functional components results in nutritionally enriched products. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical, sensorial and rheological properties of cashew-apple and araça-boi beverages added with encapsulated omega-3 and stability during 120 days of storage. Juice formulations were prepared with and without adding omega-3 oil and encapsulated omega-3, pasteurized and stored at room temperature, and evaluated sensory, physicochemical and rheological properties. The optimized formulation of the beverage was obtained with 18.6% of cashew-apple and 9.3% of araça-boi pulps, selected in the experiment of the response surface. The formulations with encapsulated omega-3 maintained sensory acceptability. The physicochemical parameters did not present significant interactions among the formulations and the storage time. A consumer test with 100 people was performed using an acceptance test and check all that apply (CATA). The beverage added with unencapsulated omega-3 presented a variation in the sensory attributes along with the storage. All samples showed non-Newtonian behavior and pseudoplastic character. Omega-3 encapsulation is recommended to favor the acceptability and constancy of rheological characteristics in the beverage nutritionally enriched with omega-3. -
Structure of intestinal microflora under different diets based on PCR-DGGE technology Original Article
ABDELBASSET, Walid Kamal; ELNEGAMY, Tamer Emam; ABDELAZIZ, Mohamed Abdelaleim; ELSAYED, Shereen HamedResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aims to review the effects of conventional and organic diet on the diversity of rat intestinal microbiota and look at how intestinal microbiota composition changes the following moxibustion at the Piyu and Zusanli points. A total of twenty-four Sprague Dawley (SD) rats of the Specific-Pathogen-Free (SPF) grade were haphazardly assigned to one of 3 groups: conventional food + moxibustion, conventional food, and organic food. For 12 weeks, organic food was given to the organic category, and typical food was prepared for the conventional category of mices, and mices in the combination category received typical food for eight weeks and administered moxibustion at the Piyu and Zusanli points for another four weeks. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to assess alterations in intestinal flora. The content of intestinal microbiota differed significantly across the three groups, according to the similarity clustering analysis. In the combination group, the intestinal bacterial diversity index rose considerably (P < 0.05). Moxibustion at Zusanli and Piyu points enhanced Bacteroides stercoris and Barnesiella intestinihominis growth, according to DNA sequencing. It was concluded that moxibustion has a greater influence on intestinal bacterial diversity than an organic diet. -
Use of mid infrared spectroscopy to analyze the ripening of Brazilian bananas Original Article
LUIZ, Leandro da Conceição; NASCIMENTO, Cláudia Aline; BELL, Maria José Valenzuela; BATISTA, Rafaela Tavares; MERUVA, Seshadri; ANJOS, VirgílioResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Banana is one of the most consumed fruits in the world due to its flavor and nutritional value. The knowledge of the ripening stage of bananas is essential for its commercialization, since, after harvesting it can take days in transportation until reaching their destination. The use of spectroscopic techniques in the infrared region has been widely used in the food industry. In this study, a nondestructive analytical method was developed to monitor the maturation of silver bananas, dwarf bananas, gold bananas and bread bananas using Fourier Transform Mid Infrared spectroscopy. To accompany the ripening of the bananas, 3 regions in each banana were chosen (bottom, middle and top) and from these, 3 measures were taken around the banana perimeter. Beyond the ripening process of the bananas, functional groups are identified as well as the beginning of the stage previous to the mature fruit, characterized by the emission of ethylene and CO2. Principal components analysis allowed the identification of the process irrespective of the banana type which suggest the automation possibility of the process. -
Biotechnological aspects of the modification of secondary collagen-containing raw materials – tripe for the production of cost-effective functional meat products Original Article
SHUKURLU, Yusif; SALMANOVA, Ayshen; SHARIFOVA, MadinaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The paper presents the scientific justification for the creation of a food product, that can satisfy the physiological needs of a person in the necessary energy, as well as the functional nature, created taking into account the nutritional value of food. The authors have chosen a method of limiting chemotaxis – the process of directing bacteria to the attractants, thereby preventing the development of microorganisms. The selected source of structural collagen protein – tripe, was cleaned and ground in a meat grinder, treated with diocide (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + sodium chloride or (CH3)2S = O + NaCl), introduced into sausage mince in exchange for lard. Mince was grinded and packed into protein shell, fried, boiled, and smoked. Obtained semi-smoked sausage product became more stable in storage than boiled sausage because it contained less moisture, had a high nutritional value and functionality. DMSO has been proven to have antioxidant effects. It prevents the oxidation of lipids by H2O2 and inhibits free radicals such as OH. -
Gene screening for fatty acid synthesis of flax based on transcriptome sequencing Original Article
WANG, Shuyan; XU, Jun; WANG, Zhuo; LI, Zhiwei; YI, Liuxi; YAO, Lijun; WANG, XiaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To understand differential expression of genes (DEGs) based on transcriptome and transcription features of fatty acid desaturase genes (fads) in development of oil flax capsules. Three varieties of flax with high, medium and low linolenic acid (C18:3) content was investigated. The differential expressed genes (DEGs) of seed developing periods (15 d and 30 d after flowering, DAF) were compared with that of the flowering day based on RNA sequencing technology. DEGs related to fatty acid accumulation were distinguished and compared with Gene Ontolygy (GO) database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. In the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and α-linolenic acid metabolism, DEGs acted in multiple processes and signaling pathways. Lus_GLEAN_10046787, Lus_GLEAN_10024616, Lus_GLEAN_10024710, Lus_GLEAN_10046516, scaffold280_unigene_193 and scaffold272_unigene_19 participated in 23, 11, 12, 12, 12, 13 processes in GO description, respectively. And they acted in fatty acid degradation (ath00071), metabolism (ath01212), biosynthesis (ath00061) and elongation (ath00062) in the KEGG signaling pathway. The scaffold96_unigene_47 was differentially expressed between FR46 and FR48 with different linolenic acid contents. The DEGs can be utilized describe the structure and transcription expression features, which contribute to the selection and utilization of flax breeding lines. -
Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, physical and sensory characteristics of Mırra coffee Original Article
YALÇINKAYA, Cihan; ABDALLA, Hassan Sarbaz; BAKKALBAŞI, EmreResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Mırra is a coffee beverage widely consumed in Syria and Turkey, and often produced from roasted and ground coffee beans. Recently, it is prepared from classical instant coffee. In this study, some physicochemical, bioactive and sensory properties of Mırra samples were determined. The average viscosity, °Brix, HMF, total phenolic content, DPPH and ABTS values were 1.36 cP, 3.70, 71.60 mg/L, 3431.55 mg GA eq./L, 6.24 mmol Trol. eq./mL and 35.23 mmol Trol. eq./mL for Mırra samples made by traditional process, and 4.85 cP, 16.36, 303.3 mg/L, 11276.47 mg GA eq./L, 23.89 mmol Trol. eq./mL and 89.70 mmol Trol. eq./mL for Mırra samples made with classic instant coffee, respectively. All Mırra samples also contained high levels of caffeine (1416.93 - 4347.46 mg/L). Chlorogenic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid and trans-5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were identified in Mırra samples. Total chlorogenic acid contents of Mırra samples were ranged from 1097.85 to 5283.21 mg/L. In all sensory parameters, Mırras with °Brix value over 5.75 had high scores. Results show that Mırra has high antioxidant activity. However, Mırra consumption may have negative health effects for risk groups due to the high caffeine content. -
Proteomic analysis of japonica sorghum following microwave intermittent drying based on label-free technology Original Article
ZHANG, Ji-Jun; CAO, Long-Kui; YI, Shu-Juan; CHE, Gang; WANG, Wei-Hao; LIU, Wei; JIA, Xin-Yu; WEI, Chun-Hong; WANG, Yi-Fei; WU, Yun-Jiao; JIANG, Yan-BinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of microwave drying on the protein quality of japonica sorghum following an intermittent drying test. Using label-free technology and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for proteomic analysis, the effects of microwave drying on sorghum differential protein expression, functional classification, and metabolic pathways were analyzed at the molecular level. After sorghum was dried using a microwave, 85 differential proteins were identified. Among them, 51 showed up-regulated expression while 34 had down-regulated expression. The up-regulation and down-regulation of differential protein expressions significantly changed them, and proteins with larger up-regulated and down-regulated expressions were postulated to affect biological and metabolic processes of sorghum during subsequent processing. Differential proteins were significantly (P ˂ 0.01) involved in metabolic pathways, such as carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, biosynthesis of amino acids, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and the TCA cycle. For the protein interaction network, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of the down-regulated proteins was postulated to be the key factor affecting the entire metabolic system or signal transduction pathway. Up-regulated proteins, including phosphoglycerate mutase and phosphopyruvate hydratase, as well as down-regulated proteins such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, not only directly or indirectly affected a variety of metabolic processes, but were specifically closely related to glycolysis and glycometabolism. Overall, this study showed that among the related metabolic pathways, differential protein changes in glycometabolism pathways may have the greatest impact on metabolic processes. The research results discussed herein can provide theoretical support for the industrial application of microwave drying and deep processing of sorghum. -
One-step method for improving the stability of coconut milk emulsion and keeping its flavor based on dynamic high-pressure microfluidization Original Article
DENG, Limei; LIU, Yujia; ZHANG, Shuyan; LI, Lin; ZHU, Jie; YU, HongpengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Coconut milk is a traditional subtropical food, but its quality and flavor stability are the biggest challenge for promotion and commercialization. In this study, the effect of dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) on texture and flavor properties of coconut milk was investigated under different pressures. The mean particle size decreased from 24.04 ± 1.17 μm (blank sample) to 8.21 ± 0.11 μm, reaching the minimum at 18000 psi. Microfluidization technique has positive effect on the taste of coconut milk, reducing the bitterness value from 13.39 ± 0.23 to 11.50 ± 0.20 (p > 0.05) using electronic tongue; simultaneously, the other tastes were retained. The flavor of coconut milk is less affected by pressure, and the flavor is essentially not lost in the appropriate pressure range. This work provides a new understanding of quality and flavor changes of coconut milk using DHPM in the future processing process. -
Analysis of structural changes and anti-inflammatory capacity in soybean protein isolates conjugated with anthocyanins Original Article
WANG, Zhongjiang; LI, Bailiang; WANG, Zengbo; LI, Jian; XING, Lei; ZHOU, Linyi; ZOU, Xiaoshuang; YIN, HuaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study investigated the covalent cross-link at alkaline (pH 9.0) between different concentrations of anthocyanins and soybean protein isolate (SPI). The structure of the product was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, fluorescence spectrum, and circular dichroism. In order to test the effects of SPI on the anti-inflammatory ability of anthocyanins, in vitro inflammatory cell model was set by RAW264.7 cell line. Results showed that fluorescence quenching of soybean protein isolates was static strengthened. The α-helix content of the secondary structure gradually decreased with the content of the β-sheet and random coil increasing. A super molecular weight subunit was observed, and the complex of soybean protein and anthocyanins can markedly reduce the secretion of TNF-α and NO at the dose of 200 μg/mL when the concentration of anthocyanins is greater than 0.167 mg/mL. -
Antioxidant potential of extruded snacks enriched with hyper-protein quinoa flour and vegetable extracts Original Article
ACOSTA, Diego Fernando Roa; GÓMEZ, Jesús Eduardo Bravo; DUQUE, Jose Fernando Solanilla; GALINDEZ, Jaminton Zamir Zuñiga; CRUZ, Jordan Alexis MartínezResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To account for the global trend towards a healthier diet, in recent years the snack market has grown substantially, with a demand for products that are more beneficial to consumers' health. Extruded snacks from a mixture of cereals, quinoa, and corn, with and without the addition of vegetables were used. Snacks made from a mixture of rice flour and quinoa high protein flour (HHP) supplied by SEGALCO S.A.S., (Popayán, Colombia) were studied. Thus, the use of sources of phenolic compounds such as Beet, Broccoli, Avocado, and Spinach, combined with sources of protein such as quinoa, can increase the nutritional quality of snack products. A combination of cereals and vegetables can produce nutrient-rich products. In this paper, phenolic compounds (given in mg AGE/g sample d.b.) and antioxidant capacity were determined using ABTS•+, DPPH and FRAP (in mg AEAC /g sample d.b.). The highest content of phenolic compounds was found in Spinach 4% and HHP snacks (5.7 ± 0.3 and 3.5 ± 0.2 AGE/g sample d.b., respectively). Kale (2%) and Beet (4%) snacks showed a significant increase in antioxidant capacity using the ABTS•+ method. The antioxidant capacity determined using the DPPH method increased significantly in snacks made from Beet (4%), Broccoli (4%), Avocado (4%), and Spinach (4%). Using FRAP, the antioxidant capacity showed a significant increase in Kale snacks (2%) and a significant decrease in Spinach snacks (4%). In conclusion, snacks with an elevated antioxidant potential can be produced from vegetables such as kale, which can be an alternative for the food industry to develop healthier products and satisfy market trends. -
An analysis of probiotic bacteria's ability to produce biological preservatives and the determination of their minimal inhibitory concentrations Original Article
ABDELBASSET, Walid Kamal; NAMBI, Gopal; ELKHOLI, Safaa Mostafa; EID, Marwa Mahmoud; ALRAWAILI, Saud Mashi; MAHMOUD, Mustafa ZuhairResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Food safety is enhanced by the use of antimicrobials that prevent or delay spoilage and ensure widespread use of pesticides with drawbacks such as increased costs, concerns about food residues and toxins. This study evaluated the production capacity of antimicrobial proteins by two Enterococcus strains (Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus hirae). After the cultures of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus hirae in BHI agar medium, the antimicrobial compounds of the strains were purified by dialyzing, and the amount of produced protein was determined by a Lowry test. Further, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used to estimate molecular weight. The well-diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial properties of the compounds studied. Before and after dialysis, factors related to protein activity were determined. Additionally, compounds were evaluated for their minimum inhibitory concentrations. The results show that the most antimicrobial effect of antimicrobial species on the Bacillus cereus and more antimicrobial effects on the hirae species on Staphylococcus aureus. -
The role of infrared waves in increasing the quality of food products Original Article
ABDELBASSET, Walid Kamal; ALRAWAILI, Saud Mashi; ELKHOLI, Safaa Mostafa; EID, Marwa Mahmoud; ABD-ELGHANY, Amr Adel; MAHMOUD, Mustafa ZuhairResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Infrared waves have found a special place in the food industry as one of the new sources of heat production. Infrared heating technology transfers large amounts of energy to the environment or material being processed in a short time. Also improves the quality of the product and makes the product produced by this method have a higher quality than the product produced by traditional methods. Applying modern methods of heating food achieves high-quality processed products and also reduces energy consumption. One of these methods is infrared heating, which can replace many other processes in the industry as an effective method in food processing. Infrared heating has many advantages over conventional heating in similar conditions, including reduced heating time, uniform heating, high heat transfer coefficient, reduced quality loss, significant energy savings, and environmental friendliness. This paper investigates heating using infrared radiation at temperatures of 55, 65, 75, and 85 °C, and its effect on pumpkin drying. The studied parameters include moisture ratio, drying rate, effective diffusion coefficient, and activation energy. According to the results, with increasing temperature from 55 to 85 °C, the drying time decreases by about 60%, and the effective diffusion coefficient has increased by 140%. -
Determination of the antioxidant and mineral contents of raspberry varieties Original Article
SHOUKAT, Shehla; MAHMUDIONO, Trias; AL-SHAWI, Sarmad Ghazi; ABDELBASSET, Walid Kamal; YASIN, Ghulam; SHICHIYAKH, Rustem Adamovich; ISWANTO, Acim Heri; KADHIM, Abed Jawad; KADHIM, Mustafa Mohammed; AL–REKABY, Heba QassimResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Humans maintain their health by consuming a variety of vegetables and fruits that contain antioxidants, both enzymatic and no enzymatic. Raspberry is one of the most diverse genus of true dicotyledonous plants, which includes 12 subspecies and about 429 species. Raspberry fruit is rich in antioxidant compounds, especially polyphenols. Two species of raspberry were studied to determine the amount of antioxidants and phenolic and flavonoid compounds in their fruits at three different stages of fruit ripening immature, semi-ripe and mature. Natural samples of Rubus idaeus and Rubus strigosus were collected. In this study, the fruit extracts of two species were stored at -23 °C for about six months. Free radical cleansing and Ferric reducing antioxidant power methods were used to determine the antioxidant activities of the extracts. The antioxidant activity of both methods revealed a higher mean value in extracts from fully matured fruits compared with immature and semi-ripe fruits. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of Rubus strigosus is 9%, 10%, and 8% higher than Rubus idaeus in the stages of immature, semi-ripe, and full maturity, respectively. -
Investigation of parameters in restaurant food waste for use as poultry rations Original Article
GARNIDA, Yudi; RUDIANSYAH, Mohammad; YASIN, Ghulam; MAHMUDIONO, Trias; KADHIM, Abed Jawad; SHARMA, Sandhir; HUSSEIN, Hussein Ali; SHICHIYAKH, Rustem Adamovich; ABDELBASSET, Walid Kamal; ISWANTO, Acim HeriResumo em Inglês:
Abstract One way to use food industry wastes is to feed the livestock and poultry. Applying appropriate management methods for the optimal use of agricultural waste in the preparation of livestock and poultry feed increases productivity and reduces damage to agricultural and conversion industries and the use of new resources in animal and poultry feed. In this paper, in order to investigate the possibility of recycling food waste as poultry feed, the waste produced in a restaurant has been used. The parameters of fat percentage were measured using Soxhlet extractor, percentage of dry matter using the oven, percentage of protein in it using Kjeldahl method, and also the percentage of calcium and phosphorus with the standard beard. Comparing them with the usual diet used in poultry feed shows that the average values of calcium, protein, and fat content of food waste are 0.14%, 5.65%, 7.34% higher than the average diet of poultry, respectively. Also, the average amount of phosphorus and dry matter of food waste is 0.48% and 60% less than the average diet of poultry, respectively. -
Effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on proliferation and apoptosis of 786-0 cells and AktmTORSTAT3 signaling in renal carcinoma Original Article
LI, Hongwei; WANG, Tong; CUI, Wei; GAO, Zhan; CHE, ZiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Surgery is currently the major approach treating kidney cancer, which is insensitive to chemo-/radio-therapy. However, due to the limitation of current diagnostic technique, certain number of patients has lost the opportunity of surgery. Therefore the searching for novel effective treatment approach is of critical importance. Ginsenoside Rg3 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of various tumor cells. It effect in kidney cancer, however, is still lacked. This study thus treated kidney cancer cell line 786-O with ginsenoside Rg3 to illustrate its effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis, and investigated possible mechanism.Gradient concentrations of ginsenoside Rg3 was used to treat 786-O cells, whose proliferation was measured by CCK8 assay. The apoptotic rate was quantified using flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-STAT3. Ginsenoside Rg3 significantly inhibited proliferation of kidney cancer cell 786-O in a dose- and time-dependent manner: higher concentration and longer treatment time caused more significant inhibition on cell proliferation. Similar patterns also occurred for the induction for cell apoptosis by ginsenoside Rg3. The expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-STAT3, however, were decreased with higher dosages of ginsenoside Rg3, and were negatively correlated with apoptotic ratio. Ginsenoside Rg3 can exert anti-tumor role via inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of 786-O cells, possibly via the blocking of Akt/mTOR/STAT3 pathway. -
Expression and correlation of cycde-2 protein and nuclear factor kB in serum of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma Original Article
LI, Yuanjing; WEN, Xing; WU, Jie; XIANG, Debing; QUAN, JinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To determine the clinical prediction role of the serum level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. 60 cases of PTC from February 2015 to May 2017 were collected to perform retrospective analysis and 10 patients with normal thyroid function were included as control group. We detected two immune factors: COX-2 and NF-κB in serum and analyse its relation to disease-free survival, overall survival, clinicopathological of PTC. COX-2 expression was associated with tumor tissue grade (p = 0.029), which was more abundant in III or IV stage (p = 0.087) patients. Relative to control group, PTC patients exhibited low NF-κB level. Survival analysis showed that the total survival time and disease-free survival time of low NF-κB level was shorter than that of control group (p < 0.05). Low COX-2 expression was associated with highly differentiated tumors (p = 0.015). However, COX-2 expression exerted little link with tumor grade, type, recurrent, age and clinical stage of PTC (p > 0.05).Further, regression analysis showed COX-2 and NF-κB expression is a risk factor for PTC, affecting prognosis. PTC patients exhibited low COX-2 and NF-κB expression, proving to correlate with the PTC development. -
Effects of lipoproteins on yolk microstructure in duck, quail, goose, pigeon, and chicken eggs Artigo Original
ZHANG, Ruiqi; LI, Xinghua; FAN, Cuidie; NING, ZhonghuaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Poultry eggs are among the most important protein and nutrient sources in human diets. There are considerable differences in the evolutionary processes of different species. Therefore, we evaluated the differences and correlations among the microstructure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in duck, quail, goose, pigeon, dwarf chicken, ShanDong chicken, Rhode Island Red, and HeTian DaHei chicken eggs. The egg microstructures were polygonal, compact, and granular and showed no evidence of cross-linking. There was a significant variation among the eight poultry egg types in terms of yolk particle size (3829.34-10373.25 μm2), LDL level (0.023-0.048 mmol/l), and HDL level (3.39-7.98 mg/g). There were also significant differences among the chicken species in terms of yolk particle size (4070.87-8139.48 μm2), LDL level (0.028-0.047 mmol/l), and HDL level (3.57-7.98 mg/g). The yolk granules of local chicken breeds were smaller than those of typical egg-laying chickens. The LDL level weakly correlated with the size of egg yolk (r = 0.24)l there was a very weak correlation between HDL level and yolk particle size (r = 0.008). This study provides a theoretical basis for variations in the taste of eggs from different poultry species and sub-species. -
Exposure assessment of selected pesticide residues using occurrence data in foods and serum samples in Pakistan Original Article
FAZAL, Ambreen; ISMAIL, Amir; NAEEM, Iqra; OLIVEIRA, Carlos A. F.; SHAUKAT, Sohail; SALEEM, Muhammad Usman; SAIMA, Shehzadi; NASIR, Usama; ALAM, Arooj; ASLAM, Zahid; ASLAM, RashidaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Pesticides have emerged as a global threat to human health, especially in developing countries. In this study, we examined nine major types of pesticide residues in the food commodities (8 groups) and serum samples (n = 80) of people living in the region of Southern-Punjab, Pakistan. Pesticide residues quantification was performed using gas chromatograph coupled with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The estimated daily intakes of the selected pesticide residues through consumption of food were also calculated. The concentration of analyzed pesticide residues in food was found below the EU maximum permissible limits except for α-HCH, and β-HCH. The highest risk of cancer was found to be associated with the consumption of HCHs contaminated cereals than other products. The incidence rate of pesticide residues in the serum samples of studied subjects was 96.25%. Pearson correlation test showed no significant correlation between thyroid hormone levels of the studied population group and the analyzed pesticide residues in the food commodities (p>0.05). Findings of this study indicate that people of Southern-Punjab, Pakistan are exposed to pesticides via food chain although non-significant health implications were recorded, the levels of a few pesticides need to be curtailed. -
Quality characteristics of sponge cakes made of rice flour under different preservation conditions Original Article
LI, WangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, indica rice flour was used as raw material to substitute 100% (w/w) of low-gluten flour to make sponge cake (IRSC). The effect of different packaging atmospheres and temperatures on the characteristics of IRSC quality was investigated in a series of storage tests for six weeks. Quality prediction models were built based on Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis on quality indicators of IRSC. Results showed that in the process of preservation, the moisture content, water activity (Aw), springiness and resilience evidently decreased, but the hardness and adhesiveness significantly increased. The aging and degradation rate of IRSCs stored at 37 °C was notably faster than when stored at 25 °C, where it had a higher Aw, a lower hardness, a better springiness and resilience of more than 14 days. Nitrogen-filled packaging and a 25 °C storage had a synergizing effect on maintaining good quality and extending the shelf-life of IRSCs for nearly 10 days. -
Mulberry leaf polysaccharide extracted by response surface methodolog suppresses the proliferation, invasion and migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells Original Article
FENG, Fan; HU, Ping; TAO, XingkuiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Breast cancer with highly heterogeneous characteristics is the main cause of cancer deaths in women all over the world. Chemotherapy-assisted diet therapy has become an effective way to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. Currently numerous dietary components have been found to inhibit the molecular events and signalling pathways associated with various stages of breast cancer development, but the dietary components extraction and its regulation mechanism were long-term and complex. In this study, low-temperature ultrasonic-assisted method was used to extract MLP, and through employing the Design-Expert software, the optimal conditions for MLP extraction were ultrasonic power 179.34 W, ultrasonic time 13.92 min, and ratio (v/w, mL/g) of water to raw material 23.55. Subsequent experiments evaluated the antioxidant activity of mulberry leaf polysaccharide and found that it has obvious ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals. Interestingly, the extracted MLP could inhibit the cell viability, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, we suggested MLP could been used as an antioxidant supplement that contains these micronutrients for cancer patients or used to develop anti-oxidant functional health food for breast cancer patients. -
Effect of heat-moisture treatment on physicochemical properties and digestive characteristics of sweet potato flour Original Article
ZHANG, Xiunan; JIA, Yajuan; ZENG, Jie; LI, GuangleiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In the present study, the effects of heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on the structural properties, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of sweet potato flour were investigated. Moisture mass fractions of samples were set as 20%, 25%, 30% or 35%, and treated at 110 °C for 4 h. Gelatinization characteristics, short-range order, double helix structure, crystallinity and digestive characteristics were studied by test of pasting and thermal, analysis of X-ray diffraction spectra, infrared spectra and in vitro digestion test. The results showed that the structural characteristics of the sweet potato flour with different moisture concentrations were quite different. The viscosity, breakdown value and setback value of HMT-sweet potato flour were all lower than those of the original flour. The content of rapidly digestible starch (RDS) decreased, while the contents of slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) increased after HMT. The results showed that HMT-25 had good cold and heat stability, low pasting viscosity and high contents of SDS and RS. -
Probing a best suited brown rice cultivar for the development of extrudates with special reference to Physico-chemical, microstructure and sensory evaluation Original Article
MURTAZA, Ghulam; HUMA, Nuzhat; SHARIF, Mian Kamran; ZIA, Muhammad AnjumResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Seven Pakistani brown rice cultivars (KS-282, SB, C-9, SUPRI, PK-386, IRRI-9 and IRRI-6) were investigated as an alternative raw material to develop directly expanded extrudates. Results indicated that bulk density remained constant in all rice cultivars, whereas SUPRI presented a higher length-breadth (LB) ratio and lower thousand kernel weight and starch content than other cultivars. Amylose content was higher in KS-282, C-9 and IRRI-9 and lowest in SB. SUPRI rice extrudates produced optimum expansion and crispiness with reduced hardness, piece and bulk density. Scanning electron micrographs showed more cell pockets and evenness in porosity per unit area in SUPRI brown rice extrudates, indicating more porous and crispier extrudates. It is also evidenced from the micrographs that cavities were evenly distributed and less ruptured in SUPRI brown rice. Consequently, SUPRI extrudates exhibited better microstructure, crispiness (No. of peaks 9), and porosity (0.838 ± 0.009) along with minimum piece density (0.038 ± 0.001 g/cm3) and hardness (17.85 ± 1.05 N). Conclusively, low amylose rice cultivar (SUPRI) perform better as substitute raw material for extrudates development. -
Fluidized bed drying characteristics of moringa leaves and the effects of drying on macronutrients Original Article
HASIZAH, Andi; DJALAL, Muspirah; MOCHTAR, Andi Amijoyo; SALENGKE, SalengkeResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Moringa oleifera is an important source of nutrients and phytochemicals with beneficial bioactive properties. However, its availability must be improved through processing to transform it into storage-stable products. One of the most important processing steps is drying. The aims of this study were to investigate drying behaviour of moringa leaves under fluidized bed drying conditions and the effects of fluidized bed drying at 35, 45, 55, and 65 oC on nutritional contents of dried moringa leaves. The parameters measured were moisture contents during drying, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, and carbohydrate. Results of chemical analysis revealed that the effects of drying on these nutrients can be significant. Moisture content of moringa leaves decreased linearly with time at the early stage of drying and became non-linear after the moisture content dropped to about 60-70% dry basis. Drying process occurred mostly in the constant rate period at low temperature and in the falling rate period at high temperature and drying behavior of moringa leaves can be best fitted using Page model. The effective moisture diffusivity during falling rate period were 4.86 x 10-13 m2/s at 35 oC, 5.70 x 10-13 m2/s at 45oC, 1.07 x 10-12 m2/s at 55oC, 1.44 x 10-12 m2/s at 65 oC. -
Evaluation and survey of nutrition and sensory quality in domestic and foreign milk sold in China Original Article
CAI, Honghao; JIANG, Ju; LIU, Miaofang; DU, Jiaying; NI, HuiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Consumer choice of milk commonly lacks a scientific basis, and consumers are often unable to obtain the most suitable milk for themselves. As far as know, data profile has not been used to investigate and compare the quality of domestic and foreign milk in Chinese market. Therefore in the current study, we compared the quality of 112 domestic brands and 48 foreign brands using independent samples t-test, correlation analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis, principal component analysis and sensory analysis. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the factors affecting consumers' purchase intention. The results show the contents of protein, calcium and fat in domestic milk were lower than those in foreign milk, whereas domestic milk achieved a higher 50 percentile score in the sensory analysis, but the principal component analysis showed no obvious difference in sensory quality between domestic and foreign milk. The correlation analysis results revealed that the price of domestic milk was strongly positively correlated with protein and fat. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that protein has significant and positive impact on the price. The questionnaire survey revealed that protein, calcium and fat were the most important nutrients consumers sought to obtain through drinking milk. -
Selected lactobacilli strains inhibit inflammation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages by suppressing the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPKs activation Original Article
SHI, Jialu; LI, Huizhen; LIANG, Shengnan; EVIVIE, Smith Etareri; HUO, Guicheng; LI, Bailiang; LIU, FeiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Probiotics are known to provide the host with immune-modulatory effects, which is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diarrhea, and ulcers.Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS 1.0901, Lactobacillus helveticus KLDS 1.8701, and Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0318 were isolated from Chinese fermented dairy food with antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and immunomodulatory activity, respectively. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of the tested strains in LPS (Lipopolysaccharide)-induced RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that all tested strains could inhibit the mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 and reduce the concentration of NO and PGE2 production. Furthermore, all tested strains markedly reduced proinflammatory cytokines' production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Moreover, these results may be associated with inhibiting TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathway activation. These results indicated that L. acidophilus KLDS 1.0901, L. helveticus KLDS 1.8701, and L. plantarum KLDS 1.0318 possesses an anti-inflammatory potential and provide a molecular basis regarding the development of functional probiotic products. -
Isolation, purification and bioactivity of ACE inhibitory peptides from peach kernel protein enzymatic hydrolysate Original Article
WANG, Le; LI, Anping; ZHONG, Zhengchang; TANG, Yumei; LI, Dongyang; XIAO, JianpingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Peaches mainly produced in China are a source of food-derived proteins, but much of it is wasted. To make full use of the peaches and peaches related resources, we extracted proteins, including albumin, globulin, gliadin, and glutelin, from defatted Tibet wild peach kernels using Osborne method to study their angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting activity, which is an active ingredient for hypertension treatment. The different enzymatic products of these extracts were further separated by ultrafiltration membranes and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The component K2 originated from globulin hydrolysate by alcalase treatment showed the highest ACE inhibiting activity (IC50 0.78 mg/mL). Through further analyzing the Mass spectrometry results of K2 and searching the BIOEP database, the specific dipeptide AH (consisted of Ala and His) has been identified as the ACE inhibitory peptide, providing a potential for using Tibet peach kernel-derived peptides as an ingredient in functional food to control hypertension. -
Risk of Bacillus cereus contamination in cooked rice Original Article
ALBARIDI, NajlaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Rice is prone to contamination with Bacillus cereus which causes food poisoning. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Bacillus cereus in cooked and uncooked rice. A total of forty samples of rice were collected from local supermarkets and tested before and after cooking for the presence of B. cereus. Half of the uncooked rice samples were B. cereus positive. In contrast B. cereus was not detected in the cooked samples when they were immediately examined for the presence of B. cereus. Storing the cooked sample at room temperature (25 °C) for twelve hours, however, gave the spores the chance to grow, and two samples showed bacterial growth higher than 1×103 Cfu/g. The D-value of B. cereus ATCC 14579 spores was found to be 2.7, 1.55, 1.35, 1.2 and 0.6 min at 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100 °C respectively. The Z-value was 9 °C. The level of bacterial growth was below the limits but it was sufficient to suggest that cooked rice should be routinely checked for B. cereus to control bacterial contamination and reheating should reach 80 °C to insure the safety. -
Biological activities and chemical profile of Hericium erinaceus mycelium cultivated on mixed red and white jasmine rice Original Article
DARMASIWI, Sari; ARAMSIRIRUJIWET, Yaovapa; KIMKONG, IngornResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Functional foods have received considerable attention due to their numerous health benefits. Lion's mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) is a functional food source that contains bioactive compounds of medicinal importance. The main aim of this study was to explore antimicrobial and anticancer activities and identify bioactive compounds of H. erinaceus mycelia cultivated on mixed red and white jasmine rice (HMR) with the aid of solid-state fermentation (SSF). The HMR extract and its fractions were analyzed for antibacterial activity via disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays and anticancer activity against cervical cancer (HeLa) examined with the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] (MTS) assay. Chemical profiles were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Our results showed that the lipophilic fraction (LF2) had antibacterial activity against P. mirabilis (MIC = 250 µg/mL). LF2 is primarily composed of fatty acid derivatives with antibacterial components, including nonanoic acid, 2-dodecen-1-yl(-) succinic anhydride, linoleic acid ethyl ester, 3,4-dimethylbenzoic acid, and lauryl acetate. However, all HMR fractions displayed relatively weak anticancer activity (IC50 > 100 µg/mL). Our collective findings support the potential utility of H. erinaceus mycelium cultivated on mixed red and white jasmine rice as an antibacterial agent. -
Listeria monocytogenes: challenges of microbiological control of food in Brazil Original Article
COSTA, Paula Vasconcelos; NASCIMENTO, Janaína dos Santos; COSTA, Leonardo Emanuel de Oliveira; FERREIRA, Paula Bernadete de Moura; BRANDÃO, Marcelo Luiz LimaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacterium that can survive in food production environments and food products. This microorganism is associated with listeriosis, a serious infection caused by the consumption of contaminated food. The aim of this study was to conduct an integrative literature review on the regulation of L. monocytogenes in food in Brazil, its occurrence and methodologies used for identification in studies published from 2001 to 2021, and the epidemiological surveillance of cases of infection. The current regulations for L. monocytogenes prohibit ready-to-eat foods of more than 102 per gram or milliliter. Officially, only two cases of outbreaks have been identified in the Epidemiological Surveillance of Foodborne Diseases system; however, the circulation of L. monocytogenes was observed in foods of different origins, with occurrence ranging from 3.1 to 48.7. The most commonly used identification method was ISO 11290. The isolation and identification methods for this pathogen are expensive and laborious, making it difficult to implement these methodologies in many laboratories. This scenario contributes to the underreporting of cases of listeriosis and therefore represents a risk for the population that is exposed to potentially contaminated food. -
Determination and assessment of the most potent precursors of advanced glycation end products in baklava and Turkish delight by HPLC Original Article
UĞUR, Halime; GÖRÜNMEK, Mihraç; ÇATAK, Jale; EFE, Esra; ÖZGÜR, Bahtiyar; DUMAN, Sabire; YAMAN, MustafaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study aims to investigate the glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO), and the effect of the types of sugar components on GO and MGO formation in Turkish delight and baklava. The values of GO and MGO ranged from 326 to 1842 µg/100 g, and from 31 to 517 µg/100 g in Turkish delight, respectively. The values of GO and MGO in baklava ranged from 344 to 815 µg/100 g, and between 19 and 358 µg/100 g, respectively. One of the baklava samples may contained high fructose corn syrup (HCFS) given the presence of significantly higher amount of MGO than that of other samples. Increased sugar concentration, processing time, storage, and HCFS in Turkish delight and baklava may affect the GO and MGO formations. Longer storage time may influence the increase of MGO formation in Turkish delight. Therefore, these products should be consumed less or formulated with agents that reduce AGEs. -
Screening and characterization of active herbal extracts and components stimulating human beta defensing (hBD-3) expression from HaCaT cells Original Article
LEE, Songmi; CHOI, Yu-Min; YIM, Soon-HoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Various antimicrobial peptides play important roles as barrier function against bacteria and as innate host immunity. Several major studies have shown reduced expression of human beta defensin (hBD-3) in atopic dermatitis, highlighting the importance of hBD-3. In course of our search for hBD-3 stimulatory herbal souces and biologically active components, we screened 400 oriental herbal extracts using a range of real-time PCRs in the human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT cells. We found that only six herbal extracts from Rubi Fructus, Lysimachiae Foenumgraeci Herba, Ailanthi Radicis Cortex, Galla Rhois, Peucedani Radix and Albizziae Cortex showed significant hBD-3 stimulatory effects. Although it did not have antimicrobial activity due to the low cytotoxic effect of Ailanthi Radicis Cortex, we further identified hBD-3-stimulating active ingredient in this extract. Efficient activity profiling based on HPLC was performed to identify active components from the extract of Ailanthi Radicis Cortex, and an hBD-3 stimulatory quassinoid component, ailanthone was identified by spectroscopic analysis. The present results show that Ailanthi Radicis Cortex and ailanthone have the potential to stimulate the expression of hBD-3 in HaCaT cells. These findings suggest new possibilities to control bacterial over-colonization found in atopic dermatitis using hBD-3 stimulatory herbal sources and ailanthone. -
Effects of two different selenium fertilizers on accumulation of selenium and heavy metals in rice grains in field trials Original Article
LIU, Menglan; CAO, Wenlei; GAO, Peng; ZHAO, Jianhua; MUHAMMAD, Usamayounas; NI, Shen; ZHOU, Yuanyuan; WANG, Shuai; PEI, Feng; ZHANG, Zezhou; YUAN, Linxi; WANG, Zhangmin; CUI, Ao; CHEN, Zongxiang; FENG, Zhiming; HU, Keming; CHEN, Hongqi; ZUO, ShiminResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Selenium (Se) is a nutritionally important micronutrient for humans. The use of Se fertilizers is often the most feasible approach to precisely increase Se contents in rice grains, but the effects of common commercial Se fertilizers on producing Se-rich rice remain to be investigated. In this study, we compared the effects of liquid and granular Se fertilizers on the accumulation of Se and heavy metals in rice grains of four different varieties in field. Results showed that Se accumulation in rice grains was affected by the form of fertilizers, applied concentrations of Se fertilizers, and rice varieties. Liquid fertilizer displayed significantly higher Se transfer efficiency than granular fertilizer, whereas the granular fertilizer had a slightly higher effect on organic Se accumulation. More than 95.5% Se in grains were organic Se, with selenomethionine (SeMet) being the dominant one. The proportion of organic selenocysteine (SeCys2) in grains was significantly higher in treatments with liquid fertilizer. Both forms of fertilizers significantly reduced the accumulation of cadmium, lead, and arsenic. Collectively, our study provides a reference for producing Se-rich rice in a more competitive manner in practice. -
Inhibition of LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 on extracts of Acanthopanax leucorrhizus (Oliv.) Harms stems Original Article
LUO, Jiao; LIU, Xiang-qian; LEE, Geon-ho; YOOK, Chang-sooResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Acanthopanax leucorrhizus is an endemic medicinal plant growing abundantly in the northwest region of China. The roots and stem barks have been widely used to treat rheumatism, numbness, contracture, quadriplegia, hemiplegia, traumatic injury, edema, and itchy skin, although the anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts of A. leucorrhizus have not been assessed until now. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages of various extracts from A. leucorrhizus stems, alterations in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and inflammatory cytokine production were measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. Briefly, the dichloromethane extract prepared from stems of A. leucorrhizus (ALSDC) effectively inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated cells and significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α at a dose of 40 µg/mL. We also confirmed a dose-dependent and significant inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. In conclusion, ALSDC exerted strong inhibitory effect on the expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and these results provide strong evidence to suggest that ALSDC may be considered as an important candidate for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases in the future. -
Physicochemical and organoleptic profile of the native fine aroma cocoa from northeastern area of Peru Original Article
GUTIERREZ, Eliana ALVIÁREZ; CAETANO, Aline Camila; HOYOS, Yhosep RAMIREZ; SANTOS, Milagros GRANDA; ESPINOZA, Santos LEIVAResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Peru is one of the main cocoa exporters worldwide, being the Amazonas region home of the native fine aroma cocoa (CNFA). The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the CNFA grown in Utcubamba province, Amazonas. The cocoa samples were collected in four areas (Cajaruro, Naranjos Alto, Llunchicate, and La Palma) in which farmers carry out the same postharvest handling practices. Samples underwent a six-day fermentation process and dried in full sun. The physical and chemical parameters of dried beans were evaluated. Then, chocolate pastes were evaluated through a sensory test. We found that the CNFA beans presented optimal physical characteristics to be used at an industrial level. In terms of chemical parameters there was no difference between the percentage of fat. The Cajaruro and Llunchicate samples had lower acidity values and adequate pH, which reflected on their greater acceptance in the sensory test. Therefore, CNFA beans from the Amazonas region, Peru, can be used as raw material to produce gourmet chocolates. -
Effects of heating method and refrigerating time on nutritional quality and digestive characteristics of refrigerated Chinese steamed bread Original Article
XIE, Dongdong; LEI, Yanan; SUN, YingqiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Two re-heating methods and different refrigerating time were carried to compare the re-heating stored, refrigerated bread quality. Compared with the natural thawed steamed, sensory properties of re-heating bread were significantly improved, steam method improved moisture content while that re-heated by microwave decreased, the secondary structure of protein was significantly affected by re-heating. Rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content in bread re-heated by steam and by microwave decreased significantly, compared with fresh bread. With the storage time increasing, the sensory quality of bread showed a downward trend after being re-heated by steam; water content increased and then decreased; β-turn decreased gradually, while random coil increased gradually; starch aging showed a trend of gradual enhancement. RDS content and protein digestibility decreased gradually. Nutritional quality of the bread re-heated by steam was better than that by microwave, optimum cold storage time for the bread re-heated by steam should be no more than 24 h. -
Construction and in vitro digestibility evaluation of a novel human milk fat substitute rich in structured triglycerides Original Article
ZENG, Guibing; TIAN, Wenran; ZENG, Zheling; YAN, Xianghui; YU, Ping; GONG, Deming; WANG, JunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The infants who cannot be breastfeed need to obtain energy and nutrition from other sources, such as formula. In this study, a human milk fat substitute (HMFS) rich in structured triglycerides (STG) and with a variety of fatty acids was prepared by one-step transesterification reaction. The optimum conditions for the lipase-catalyzed transesterification between basa catfish oil solid fraction, Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel oil, linseed oil, microbial oil and algae oil were studied and the in vitro digestibility of the constructed HMFS was investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the obtained HMFS contained 58.86% STG and 39.73% sn-2 palmitic acid (PA). Fatty acid composition analysis showed that HMFS was composed of capric acid (Ca), lauric acid (La), oleic acid (O), linoleic acid (L), linolenic acid (Ln), arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). LC-MS/MS analysis found that 142 new triglycerides were generated, such as Ca-P-ARA, Ca-P-Ln, La-P-ARA, La-P-L and P-O-ARA. Moreover, compared with physical mixture (PM), HMFS had better melting and crystallization temperature and the fatty acid release rate of HMFS was significantly improved. These results suggested that HMFS may have a great application in infant food as a nutritional ingredient. -
Fabrication and characterization of curcumin loaded ovalbumin nanocarriers and bioactive properties Original Article
AKMAN, Perihan Kubra; BOZKURT, Fatih; TORNUK, FatihResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, curcumin loaded ovalbumin nanoparticles (CONPs) were fabricated at optimized processing conditions and compared with the neat ONPs. The particles were characterized for molecular, thermal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The particle size values varied from 45.64 nm to 138.14 nm and the encapsulation efficiency of the CONP was 24%. SEM images indicated that ONPs and CONPs had spherical shapes and the particle diameters and size distributions were in accordance with the DLS measurement results. Fabrication of CONPs provided better (P < 0.05) inhibition on test pathogens as compared to pure curcumin, which demonstrates that particle size reduction of curcumin positively influenced its antibacterial efficiency. It was also clear that nanoencapsulation of curcumin significantly (P < 0.05) increased its antioxidant activity, suggesting that the curcumin/ovalbumin nanoencapsules could achieve similar antioxidant effect at much lower curcumin concentrations. FTIR results showed that curcumin was entrapped inside the ovalbumin nanocarriers successfully. According to DSC measurements, the melting temperature of ovalbumin did not change by curcumin encapsulation. In conclusion, the results suggested that ONPs could be an available carrier for encapsulation of curcumin at nano scale and had the potential to be used in the food industry and other bioactive delivery systems. -
Evaluate the effect of licorice on anti-liver fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis Original Article
CHEN, Li-Ping; WU, Xiao-Qian; ZHANG, Zi-Li; WANG, Ling; ZHANG, Feng; ZHENG, Shi-Zhong; KONG, De-SongResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To investigate the effect of licorice on anti-liver fibrosis actions, we present systematic review and meta-analysis via systematic literature between 2010 and 2020 from the electronic databases, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI. A software program (Endnote X8) has been utilized for managing the electronic titles. Searches were performed with mesh terms. Mean differences between two groups (Glycyrrhizic acid and control group) with 95% confidence interval (CI), fixed effect model and Inverse-variance method were calculated. Random effects were used to deal with potential heterogeneity and I2 showed heterogeneity. The Meta analysis and forest plots have been evaluated with the Stata V16. A total of 184 potentially relevant titles and abstracts were found during the electronic and manual search. Finally, a total of four publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria required for this systematic review. TGF-β1 mRNA expression significantly decreased following Glycyrrhizic acid relative to the control group and Glycyrrhizic acid significantly decreased expression of TGF-β1 mRNA, which was about 2.90 times that in the control group. Mean difference between Glycyrrhizic acid and control group was -18.12 U/L (MD, -18.12 U/L 95% CI 30.02 U/L, -6.22 U/L. P = 0.00). Glycyrrhizic acid reduced TGF-β1, Smads mRNAs, hypdroxyproline, alanine aminotransferase. -
Study on mechanism of starch phase transtion in wheat with different moisture content Original Article
SU, Lei; XIANG, Fengjuan; QIN, Renbing; FANG, Zhanxiang; ZENG, Jie; LI, GuangleiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Using Bainong 365 wheat starch as raw material, starch samples were preheated in a RVA to simulate DSC heating profiles. The thermodynamic properties, long-range orderliness, short-range orderliness, and structure of wheat starch were determined by DSC, XRD, FTIR, LF-NMR and SEM to explore the phase transformation mechanism of Bainong 365 wheat starch at different water contents. The results show that at different moisture contents, when the endothermic transition temperature of starch samples determined by DSC was reached or exceeded, the enthalpy of starch was 0, all free water was converted into uneasy flowing water and bound water, and the surface structure of starch was severely damaged. At this time, starch was completely gelatinized, but the short-range and long-range ordered structures of starch determined by FTIR and XRD still existed and gradually decreased with increasing temperature. Therefore, it was concluded that the temperature range of the starch endothermic transition does not represent the temperature range of complete gelation of starch, and the structure destroyed by complete gelation of starch may not be simple short-range and long-range ordered molecular structures. -
Survivability of probiotic strains, Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716 and Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079 in grape juice and physico-chemical properties of the juice during refrigerated storage Original Article
GUMUS, Sumeyye; DEMIRCI, Ahmet SükrüResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, non-fermented probiotic grape juices were produced with the inoculation of two different strains of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716 and Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079) separately. The viability of probiotic microorganisms, as well as the grape juices’ physicochemical properties were evaluated throughout 21 days of storage at 4 °C. In grape juice, both strains had similar survival rates, and viable cell counts remained above the recommended therapeutic minimum (107 CFU mL-1) throughout the monitored storage time. Both of the probiotic samples showed a drop in pH, total phenolic content and viscosity during storage, as well as an increase in acidity. The values of lightness, redness, and yellowness in grape juice containing L. acidophilus DSM 20079 were reduced over cold storage period; otherwise, color characteristics for the control and sample with added L. fermentum CECT 5716 were maintained. This study showed that grape juice is an effective vehicle for delivering the Lactobacillus strains studied, with their probiotic activity remaining for 21 days at 4 oC, making it a probiotic beverage alternative for non-dairy product users. Furthermore, L. fermentum CECT 5716 can be more suitable due to its maintenance of color properties in grape juice over the storage. -
Effect of strain, sex and process parameters on water to protein ratio of chicken cuts Original Article
BRUZAMARELLO, Franciele Oliveira; BALLEN, Sandra Cristina; STEFFENS, Clarice; VALDUGA, Eunice; STEFFENS, Juliana; JUNGES, Alexander; ZENI, Jamile; BACKES, Geciane Toniazzo; CANSIAN, Rogério LuisResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To keep up with chicken meat demand, genetic improvement, field performance, and technological processes have been sought. However, some consequences of this are already being observed, such as constant divergences in physicochemical parameters of in nature chicken cuts, since legislation has not been revised at the same speed. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate water content, protein and water content/protein ratio (W/P) for different conditions (slaughter, lineage, sex, and processing) and compliance with current legislation (Brazilian and European). Breast and half breast, drumstick and thigh cuts of in nature chicken were assessed. A significant difference was found in sex, with lower values in the females. Chickens have water content levels higher than those required by Brazilian legislation. In the different cuts evaluated, discrepancies were observed in relation to legislation. There was no compliance with W/P ratio to European legislation, where incompatibility approached 26.67% for skinless breast, 6.67% for breast and half chest and 64.44% for thigh and drumstick. The results reinforce the need for continuity of studies that support the revision of current legislation, clarifications regarding the calculations used to determine the established standards and clarifications of the collection and analysis methodologies currently employed. -
Microbiological study of the effect of a dielectric barrier discharge interaction on processed orange juices exposed to the environment Original Article
OCAÑA DE JESÚS, Rosa Laura; IBÁÑEZ, Ana Tarin Gutiérrez; PUEBLA, Itzel Rojas; DÍAZ, Aarón Gómez; ROMERO, Pedro Guillermo Reyes; SÁNCHEZ, Josefina Vergara; SEGUNDO, Cesar Torres; VALENCIA, Horacio MartínezResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Non-pasteurized juices may contain microorganisms that cause spoilage and public health problems. Owing to their physical properties, dielectric barrier discharge plasmas show high efficiency in the inactivation of microorganisms; in this study, coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. were identified in samples of orange juice collected from street stalls. Microbiological inactivation in orange juice was analyzed using the Weibull model. Using optical emission spectroscopy, the oxidant particles responsible for the inactivation of bacteria are observed. The 200 mL samples were treated for 2.5, 3.5, 5.0, and 6.0 min using a plasma with electrical power of 40 W. It was observed that for aerobic mesophilic, the colony-forming units were reduced from 4.47 to 1.00 Log; for coliforms, from 4.00 to 1.00 Log; and for yeast, from 4.75 to 3.18 Log. The evaluated physicochemical parameters indicate that there are no significant changes in the properties of the juice; therefore, the interaction process with dielectric barrier discharge is a technique that has viability in the inactivation of microorganisms and offers an alternative for the food industry in treating juices. -
Assessment of antioxidant activities of HeukHarang a novel Korean Lectuca sativa L. Original Article
JANG, Seo Woo; KIM, Yong-Dae; LEE, Songmi; YIM, Soon-HoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, antioxidant activities of HeukHarang a novel Korean Lectuca sativa L.extracts compair with Red skirt lettuce. The highest total polyphenol contents was 60% ethanol extracts of HeukHarang and total flavonoid contents was 40% ethanol extracts, 84.70 ± 0.11 mg TAE/10 g DW and 63.82 ± 0.09 mg QE/10 g DW, respectively. The highest FRAP activity and PMA were 60% and 80% ethanol extracts of heuharang, 1,876.3 ± 0.01 mM TEAC/10 g DW and 26.2 ± 0.0 mM AAEAC/10 g DW, respectively. Radical scavenging activity also HeukHarang ethanol extracts was higher than Red skirt lettuce. The highest ORAC value was 76.0 ± 0.43 mM TEAC/10 g DWthehd, 100% ethanol extracts of HeukHarang. As a result, the all antioxidant activities of Heuhalang ethanol extracts were higher than that of Red skirt lettuce as a control. -
Effect of storage and recipe on bioactive substance composition in bakery products made from a variety of colored wheats Original Article
DOLEŽELOVÁ, Jana; KRÁL, Martin; POSPIECH, Matej; TREMLOVÁ, Bohuslava; VYHNÁNEK, Tomáš; WALCZYCKA, Maria; FLORKIEWICZ, AdamResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Currently exist different colored wheat varieties which have various effect on bakery product. The aim of this study was to increase the nutritional value of biscuits by adding colored whole grain wheat (Koniny and Skorpion). The study compared biscuits made of colored wheat baked according to four recipes and evaluated the effect of storing biscuits in the refrigerator and in the warehouse. Polyphenols (TPC), antioxidant activity (FRAP), dry matter, fiber and sensory profile were determined in biscuits during a six-month storage period. Color wheat biscuits baked within this study showed a higher content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity than the control. The highest antioxidant activity was in biscuits from Konini variety (colored wheat). The results show that the antioxidant activity in the refrigerator decreased in the range of 58 to 37% depending on the variety. The smallest decrease of polyphenol compounds occurred during storage in warehouse compare to the refrigerator. The highest amount of fiber was found in the Konini variety and the lowest amount was observed in control variety. Sensory analysis showed that the overall acceptability of color wheat biscuits was slightly higher than control biscuits. -
Evaluation of uniformity of physical and texture quality in manufacture of gluten-free noodles using single-screw extruders: a case study on local SMEs in Subang district-Indonesia Original Article
KUMALASARI, Rima; SHOLICHAH, Enny; HARYANTO, Aidil; HANIFAH, Umi; MAYASTI, Nur Kartika Indah; YUNIAR, Annisa DwiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In the production of gluten-free noodles by using a single screw extruder, cooking is done at two consecutive stages. Initially, the dough of gluten-free formula is steamed manually at certain times and temperatures. During extrusion, the pre-cooked dough is re-cooked inside the extruder barrel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of gluten-free noodle (color, texture profile) produced from different production batches (batch 1 to 6) of two different single screw extruders (A: capacity 24 kg/hr, B: capacity 12 kg/hr) by using a single factor completely random design. The results showed that steaming process in batch cause intermitten time for extrusion and affected some non-uniform properties of the gluten-free noodles produced by the two extruders. The two extruders produced noodles with distinctive properties. The noodles from extruder A exhibited the hardness (average 26,925.14 ± 2,355.74gf) and adhesiveness (-7.66 ± 6.41 gs). The noodles of extruder B showed the elongation (157.91 ± 39.67%) and cohesiveness (0.91 ± 0.02). -
In vitro antioxidant potential and phytochemical profiling of Melastoma malabathricum leaf water extract Original Article
LESTARI, Oke Anandika; PALUPI, Nurheni Sri; SETIYONO, Agus; KUSNANDAR, Feri; YULIANA, Nancy DewiResumo em Inglês:
AbstractMelastoma malabathricum is one of the medicinal plants plated in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Its leaves extraction using organic solvents revealed bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. However, the antioxidant activity, toxicity, and chemical profile of water extract of M. malabathricum leaves are still unknown. This study aimed to determine extraction conditions that provide water extract of M. malabathricum with the highest antioxidant activity and the lowest toxicity. The extraction conditions were conducted at different water temperatures (25 ± 2 ºC and 90 ± 2 ºC), concentrations (10 and 5 g leaves/100 mL water), and extraction time (15, 30, and 45 minutes). Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test (p < 0.05). The result showed that M. malabathricum leaves of 5g/100 mL extracted with hot water (90 ± 2 ºC) for 15 minutes showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 2.13 ± 19.20 ppm), which was higher than vitamin C (IC50 4.32 ± 0.16 ppm), and low toxicity (LC50 333.06 ± 99.45 ppm). Six compounds namely, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, quercimeritin, digiprolactone, 3-O-trans-coumaroylquinic acid, norbergenin, and arteamisinin were identified for the first time in the water extract of M. malabathricum leaves. These compounds, individually or extracted from other ingredients, have previously been reported to have antioxidant activity. -
Termitomyces mushroom extracts and its biological activities Original Article
NHI, Nguyen Thi Ngoc; KHANG, Do Tan; DUNG, Tran NhanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Termitomyces mushrooms are affluent in bioactive components contributing to their therapeutic properties. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal activities and the toxicity of Termitomyces extracts. Termitomyces mushrooms were collected from the South of Vietnam, separated into different parts, air-dried, ground into powder, and extracted with methanol and ethanol at a divergent temperature of evaporation. Termitomyces mycelial biomass extract was discovered to be efficient in scavenging the free radicals through DPPH assay. The extract exhibited potent efficacy against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium) and Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria along with Candida albicans fungus applying the disc-diffusion method. Termitomyces extract underwent in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed no toxicity. The Termitomyces mycelial biomass extract is a potential source in developing novel antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal agents. -
A novel process to separate the eggshell membranes and eggshells via flash evaporation Original Article
CHI, Yuan; LIU, Ruihong; LIN, Mengmeng; CHI, YujieResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Eggshell membrane is a kind of cheap, abundant resources with great potential utilization value. A variety of active ingredients in it can be used as raw materials for medicine, light industry and other industries. At present, soluble protein, collagen, keratin, sialic acid, hyaluronic acid and antimicrobial protein have been successfully extracted from eggshell membrane and exploited in various fields. This study aimed to separate the eggshell membrane for fully exploiting the potential utilization value of the eggshell, and reduce the amount of waste discharged, which is conducive to protecting the ecological environment on which we depend. In order to reduce energy consumption of eggshell membrane separation, separate eggshell membranes from eggshells by flash evaporation was investigated. The flash separation conditions were optimized considering three independent variables at three different levels by response surface methodology. The results showed that the processing parameters of separating eggshell membranes and eggshells with flash evaporation were 1.0 Mpa pressure, 45% moisture content, and 5 mm eggshells’ particle size. Under these conditions, the separation rate was 69.16%. Therefore, flash separation can be a promising approach for separating eggshells and eggshell membranes. -
Antioxidant and prooxidant activities of phenolic acids commonly existed in vegetables and their relationship with structures Original Article
GAO, Qingchao; LI, Yi; LI, Yahui; ZHANG, Zhiyong; LIANG, YingResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Phenolic acids existed in many agricultural products especially in vegetables and considered as important natural antioxidants. Eleven phenolic acids existed commonly in vegetables were chosen to assess the antioxidant activities using DPPH·, ·ABTS+, ·O2-, and ·OH scavenging assays, as well as ferric reducing power and β-carotene bleaching assays. The results showed that caffeic and protocatechuic acid with simple dihydroxylation structures have the best antioxidant activities, while p-Hydroxybenzoic and p-Coumaric acid with mono hydroxylation structures have the lowest antioxidant activities in most assays. The antioxidant activity of caffeic acid was higher than protocatechuic acid and ferulic acid higher than isoferulic acid may be due to the substituents and the position of substituents on the benzene ring. Antioxidant activities of caftaric, chicoric and chlorogenic acid and its derivates with complex dihydroxylation structures were high relatively among phenolic acids. The different concentration ranges of phenolic acids were obtained based on the quantitative relationship between antioxidant or prooxidant activities and sample concentrations. The prooxidant effect of phenolic acids was rarely observed in the present study. The results were conducive to further research on potential biological activities of vegetables. -
Metabolome and transcriptome sequencing analysis reveals anthocyanins in the red flowers of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Original Article
ZHANG, Yanzhao; LU, Xi; JIA, Linglan; JIN, Huanhuan; CHENG, YanweiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) flowers display a white or red color. The white flowers are a popular food in Chinese markets, while the red flowers have high ornamental value. In this study, combined analysis of the transcriptome and flavonoid metabolome was performed to investigate the key genes and metabolites involved in flower pigmentation in the red and white flowers of black locust. A total of 308 flavonoid metabolites were identified, and five anthocyanins were significantly higher in the red flowers compared to the white flowers. Transcriptome sequencing yielded about 66 Gb data, from which 53,992 unigenes were assembled. Compared with the white flowers, 1,394 unigenes were up-regulated and 1,201 unigenes were down-regulated in the red flowers. Three anthocyanin structural genes, F3'H, ANS, and 3GT, were significantly up-regulated in the red flowers, representing the key genes for anthocyanin accumulation in the red flowers. Nine MYB and four bHLH genes were up-regulated in the red flowers, representing the candidate genes regulating the anthocyanin pathway. These results provide a theoretical basis for the development of black locust flowers as a food and also provide a foundation for the study of anthocyanin regulation in black locust. -
Effect of Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu on the exercise ability of D-galactose-induced oxidative aging mice Original Article
WU, Jianzhong; CHEN, Hongjiang; WANG, Dan; ZHAO, XinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu extract (CSTCYWE) was administered to D-galactose-induced aging mice to investigate the effect and mechanism of CSTCYWE on exercise endurance in aging mice. The effect of CSTCYWE on the improvement of exercise capacity in aging mice was evaluated by detecting serum biochemical indicators, pathological changes in tissues, and expression by qPCR. The composition of CSTCYWE was analyzed by HPLC. The experiment showed that CSTCYWE increased the running time and the exhaustive swimming time of aging mice to improve their exercise endurance. CSTCYWE also reduced the levels of BUN, BLA, and MDA and increased the levels of HG, MG, SOD, and GSH-Px in the serum of aging mice. Pathological observation found that CSTCYWE alleviated the liver and kidney tissue lesions and damage caused by aging. Meanwhile, CSTCYWE could down-regulate the relative mRNA expressions of nNOS, iNOS, TNF-α, and syncytin-1 and up-regulate the relative mRNA expressions of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and CAT in the mouse liver tissue and skeletal muscle tissue. The results of component analysis showed that CSTCYWE contained caffeic acid, hypericin, isoquercetin, dihydroquercetin, rosmarinic acid, baicalin, luteolin, and baicalein. These active ingredients enable CSTCYWE to act on aging mice and improve their exercise capacity. -
Incorporation of oat milk with probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei AP improves the quality of kefir produced from goat milk Original Article
WULANSARI, Putri Dian; WIDODO,; SUNARTI,; NURLIYANI,Resumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, we evaluated the quality of kefir with combined additions of oat milk (8, 12, and 16% w/v) and Lacticaseibacillus casei AP (2 and 4% v/v), and observed the products’ physicochemical characteristics (nutrient content, pH and acidity, viscosity and syneresis, ethanol concentration, and fatty acid profiles), microbiological characteristics (total lactic acid bacteria, total plate count, total probiotic, and total yeast), and sensory characteristics. The result showed that an increasing level of oat milk addition decreased water content and improved viscosity. A combination of 16% oat milk and 4% (v/v) L. casei AP increased the viscosity and water content, and resulted in the highest favorability and acceptability of kefir products. However, the increased concentration of L. casei AP inoculum and oat milk quantity did not affect microbiological qualities. It can be concluded that incorporating 16% oat milk and 4% L. casei AP improves the physical quality and sensory characteristics of kefir products. -
Antioxidant and antifungal properties of essential oils of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and mint (Mentha arvensis) against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium commune for use in food preservation Original Article
ALMEIDA, Priscilla de; BLANCO-PASCUAL, Núria; ROSOLEN, Daiane; CISILOTTO, Julia; CRECZYNSKI-PASA, Tania; LAURINDO, JoãoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study determined the chemical composition and evaluated the antioxidant activity and antifungal properties of essential oils of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and mint (Mentha arvensis) against the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium commune as possible alternatives for food preservation. The antimicrobial activity of both oils is shown by their minimum inhibitory concentration (4 mg/mL) for oregano oil, and (8 mg/mL) for mint oil, and minimum inhibitory dose (< 110 µl/L) for oregano oil, and (< 1500 µL/L) for mint oil. In addition, both oils presented antioxidant activity superior to 70% at the concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL for oregano oil and 30 mg/mL for mint oil after 360 min of reaction. As a control, the oils were evaluated for their cytotoxic potential using cells in culture and the method based on mitochondrial activity. Both oils were cytotoxic to both cell lines tested, with cells' survival rates less than 20% when in contact with 25 μg/mL of oils concentrations. Overall, the essential oils have activity against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium commune, and their volatile components expressed high antifungal activity that expands their use for situations in which direct contact with the liquid is undesired. However, both essential oils showed high cytotoxicity. -
Microbiological and physicochemical characterization of probiotic fermented milk throughout the shelf life under different storage temperatures Original Article
LACERDA, Sthefany; SANTOS, Marcos Cruz do; MARTINS, Otávio Augusto; PEREIRA, Juliano GonçalvesResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Probiotics can be defined as viable or inviable microbial cell (vegetative/spore or intact/ruptured) that is potentially healthful to the host. Commonly linked to fermented milk, one of the most popular fermented beverage, due to the greater consumer acceptance of dairy products. However, technical aspects such as inappropriate storage conditions and transport facilities can influence the viability of the microorganisms in these products. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical quality of probiotic fermented milk sold in the city of Botucatu/SP during its shelf life, and to determine the effect of different storage temperatures (4 °C and 12 °C), comparing results with the standard limits. For this purpose, four brands of probiotic fermented milk (A, B, C, and D) were analyzed counting lactic acid bacteria and evaluating physicochemical parameters (pH, acidity, proteins, lipids, moisture, and ash). As a result, only brand D did not fit the parameters determined by the technical norms of the Brazilian legislation; the variation in storage temperature, did not show significant influence on the results of the tested parameters. -
Consumers’ knowledge, practices, and perceptions about conventional and sustainable food packaging Original Article
CARVALHO, Jessica Santana; OLIVEIRA, Jhenifer de Souza Couto; SÃO JOSÉ, Jackline Freitas Brilhante deResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of the study is to evaluate consumers' knowledge, practices, and perceptions about conventional and sustainable food packaging. Cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study conducted with consumers in Vitória city, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. A questionnaire was applied to 163 consumers. Regarding the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, most of them were women, in the age group 18-24 years, did not live with a partner and had individual income. Consumers reported quality as the most important factor taken into consideration at food purchasing time and indicated that always observe the packaging conditions at purchasing time. Most consumers reported that packaging presents a fundamental role in their purchase decision, and they have mentioned also that material’s type influences their decision to purchase a food product. In addition, consumers preferred biodegradable packaging rather than the traditional one, whereas most of them reported to be willing to pay up to 5% more for products if their packaging had lesser environmental impact. Therefore, it appears that consumers evaluate products’ packaging at purchasing time, but lack of information about the material type used for packaging and about its environmental implications is a serious issue that avoids behavior’s changes from taking place. -
Anti-insecticides activity in cell-lines model of Thunbergia laurifolia leaf extract aiming for functional drink Original Article
JUNSI, Marasri; SIRIPONGVUTIKORN, SunisaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Thunbergia laurifolia has been used for folklore medicine and consumed as an herbal tea in Thailand ancient times. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of aqueous crude extracts of T. laurifolia leaves on endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and anti-insecticides property using three types of cells. Murine macrophage (RAW264.7), human embryonic kidney (HEK293), and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, were treated with crude extract either combined, pre, and post-treatment exposure to chlorpyrifos (CP) and methomyl (MT). Cell viability was determined using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test to find out anti-insecticide properties. Results indicated that crude extract increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in HEK293 and HepG2 cells and improved cells viability in all cell types induced by CP and MT toxins. The crude extract provided a protection and recovery effect on CP and MT insecticides better than atropine sulfate (AS) standard drug especially in HepG2 and HEK293 cells. Therefore, it was concluded that crude extract can improve antioxidant enzymes level and can be used as anti-insecticides. However, more investigation is needed to play it safe for functional drinks by processing in animal model further. -
Physical, chemical, and sensory quality of noodles fortification with anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) flour Original Article
LITAAY, Christina; INDRIATI, Ashri; SRIHARTI,; MAYASTI, Nur Kartika Indah; TRIBOWO, Raden Ismu; ANDRIANA, Yusuf; ANDRIANSYAH, Raden Cecep ErwanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Sago starch can be processed into flour and used as an alternative food ingredient to replace wheat flour. The lack of innovation in sago products is due to the very low protein and fat content of sago. Increasing the nutritional value of sago can be done by fortifying anchovies as a source of protein. This study was conducted to determine the effect of anchovy flour fortification on the physical, chemical, and sensory qualities of noodles. The study used a one-factor Completely Randomized Design. The results showed that with increased fortification of anchovy meal, the nutritional content of protein, fat, and noodle ash increased significantly. Rehydration power 34% to 52%, color intensity L* 42,87 to 55,70; redness a+ 1,91 to 2,85; and b+ yellowish 7,19 to 10,39, elongation 214,81 to 294,93. The composition of noodles with 9% anchovy flour fortification can be used to increase the nutritional content of noodles with physical and chemical characteristics, namely 4,08% protein content, 0,38% fat content, and 3,11% ash content. The sensory quality of noodle texture was 3,94; taste 3,32; and fragrance 4,66. -
Impact of the use of unmalted adjuncts on the rheological properties of beer wort Original Article
ROSA, Raul Santiago; LANNES, Suzana Caetano da SilvaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Understanding the behavior of fluids is important in industrial processes of the most varied types. Changes in the composition of the brewing wort can have an impact on the phenomenon of transport of matter, important in the manufacturing as well as in the sensory perception of palatability and dietary characteristics. Changes in viscosity are also of interest to the industry, as this parameter plays an important role in the filtration theory. The present study intended to analize the impact of different brewing inputs on rheological parameters, using the same beer formulation as the basis, the variations being compared to the control. The adjuncts tested were rye, unmalted barley, and sorghum. The analizes were performed in an oscillatory and rotational rheometer, obtaining measurements from three moments of the beer production process. The main results are the differences in the flow curve profiles, showing greater pseudoplasticity when using rye, and that the formation of gel at high shear rates can be a frequent cause of problems in the brewery. This work can contribute to the creation of a methodology that allows maximizing the contents of dietary fibers without compromising the smooth running of the production process. -
Post-harvest indices and color parameters in beet roots intercropped with lettuce under organic fertilization and population densities Original Article
GUERRA, Natan Medeiros; SANTOS, Elizangela Cabral dos; BEZERRA NETO, Francisco; LIMA, Jailma Suerda Silva de; Nascimento PORTO, Vania Christina do; Silva LINO, Vitor Abel da; QUEIROGA, Roberto Cleiton FernandesResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate and estimate the post-harvest indices and color parameters of beet roots in intercropping with lettuce under green manuring with different equitable amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on a dry basis) in diverse population densities of lettuce (150, 200, 250 and 300 thousand plants ha-1), in two cropping seasons in semi-arid environment. The lettuce crop presented the best post-harvest indexes when submitted to fertilization with an amount of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass of 20 t ha-1 in lettuce population densities between 203 and 300 thousand plants per hectare. The beet crop reached the best indices when it was manured with amounts of the green manures between 20 and 55 t ha-1 and between lettuce population densities of 150 and 300 thousand plants per hectare. The color parameters of purple/red beet roots (well appreciated by the consumers) were obtained in the amounts of green manures between 25 and 65 t ha-1 and between lettuce population densities of 280 and 300 thousand plants per hectare. -
Astragalus polysaccharide inhibits apoptosis and inflammation to alleviate chronic atrophic gastritis through NF-κB signaling pathway in rats Original Article
TANG, Zhongbin; WANG, Yi; HUANG, YanResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a process of inflammation characterized by injured gastric mucosal epithelium leading to reduction of mucosal glands, often accompanied by intestinal or pseudopyloric metaplasia. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is reported to improve gastric mucosal damage and inflammation, but its role in CAG remains elusive. Therefore, we intended to analyze the impact of APS on CAG and its potential mechanism to provide novel insight into the treatment for the disorder. After establishment of CAG model using MNNG method, the rats were administered Vitazyme (200 mg/kg), or low, moderate and high concentration of APS (20, 40, 60 mg/kg), respectively, with healthy rats as controls and some CAG rats untreated. After that, the rat gastric tissues were pathologically examined and ELISA, Western blot analysis and staining were carried out to assess the impact of treatment on inflammation and apoptosis Pathologically, APS treatment alleviated the pathological changes of CAG rats, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammation. Besides, APS significantly diminished the content of pro-inflammatory factors and decreased the level of gastrointestinal hormones. In the presence of APS, the apoptosis of gastric mucosal cells was inhibited and the p-NF-κB p65 and p-IKKα/β expression was decreased. Collectively, APS could mitigate inflammation and gastric mucosal damage in CAG, as it also suppresses the process of apoptosis and inactivates the NF-κB signaling pathway. In a word, APS treatment improves CAG via NF-κB pathway. -
Screening of isolated potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria from Sichuan pickle for cholesterol lowering property and triglycerides lowering activity Original Article
ZHAO, Xingxiu; HU, Rong; HE, Yiguo; LI, Shilu; YANG, Jiao; ZHANG, Jing; ZHOU, Jing; XUE, TaiyinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Sichuan pickle and to assess their probiotic potential. Total of 66 LAB were isolated from 2 types of Sichuan pickle based on their morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genotypic characteristics. Then, 6 strains (BH6, BH9, BH18, BH46, BH48, BH59) were selected as candidates for further studies. The in vitro experiment showed that the cholesterol degradation rate of 4 strains BH6, BH9, BH59 exceeded 60%. And the triglyceride degradation rate of 3 strains BH6, BH9, BH18 was more than 17%. Out of 6 tested LAB strains, most of them (BH6, BH9, BH18, BH48, BH59) exhibited moderate to high survivability (59%-90%) under high concentration of bile salt (3%) and their survival rate was 72%-95% (BH6,BH18,BH46,BH48,BH59) at low pH conditions. The in vitro experiment showed that all LAB strains inhibited the growth of tested pathogenic microorganisms. Based on the results of presently in vitro experiments, it was concluded that the BH6 isolate had better cholesterol lowering ability (65.36%), triglyceride degradation ability (18.97%), bile salt tolerance and bacteriostatic ability. The potential LAB strain, BH6 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by 16S rRNA sequencing. In conclusion, the strain BH6 screened from Sichuan pickle had good ability to degrade cholesterol and triglyceride; and it had better tolerance to acid and bile salt; which also had good bacteriostatic ability. Therefor the strain BH6 has the potential to be used as edible probiotics. -
Effect of germination time on protein subunits of Lupinus angustifolius L. and its influence on functional properties and protein digestibility Original Article
MUÑOZ-LLANDES, Ciro Baruchs; GUZMÁN-ORTIZ, Fabiola Araceli; ROMÁN-GUTIÉRREZ, Alma Delia; PALMA-RODRÍGUEZ, Heidi María; CASTRO-ROSAS, Javier; HERNÁNDEZ-SÁNCHEZ, Humberto; ZAMORA-NATERA, Juan Francisco; VARGAS-TORRES, ApolonioResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of germination in Lupinus angustifolius L. seeds on protein profile, functional properties (FP), protein digestibility, phytic acid concentration and trypsin inhibitory activity, the latter due to its influence on protein digestibility. The germination was development at 26 ºC for 2-7 days. The ungerminated sample showed a protein content of 24.06% that was increased at 3 days of germination. Electrophoretic profile showed that the germination time generates a reduction in the intensity of the bands with molecular weight of 40, 50, 97 and 116 kDa, corresponding to the β and γ-conglutin subunits. At day 7 of germination, the water and oil absorption capacities increased by 146 and 95.23% respectively. The emulsion and foam capacities also increased by 94.04 and 36.24%, respectively. The swelling capacity was reduced by 51.44%. The protein digestibility remained unchanged after germination due to the presence compounds as phytic acid and trypsin inhibitors activity. Three days of germination in Lupinus angustifolius are necessary to observe changes in the FP. Germinated Lupinus angustifolius flours can have multiple applications in the development of food. Germination time will depend specifically on the application, since the FP change with the germination time. -
The role of fat-producing yeasts in reducing food industry waste Original Article
HUY, Dinh Tran Ngoc; MAHMUDIONO, Trias; TRUNG, Nguyen Dinh; HACHEM, Kadda; HUSSEIN, Ahmed Remthane; HAFSAN, Hafsan; WIDJAJA, Gunawan; BOKOV, Dmitry; DHAMIJA, Aruna; KADHIM, Mustafa MohammedResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Yeasts are widely used as cellular factors in the production of bread and, more recently, various metabolic products such as vitamins, ethanol, citric acid, and lipids. Lipids synthesized by microorganisms are used in the pharmaceutical industry for technical purposes or as feed. The ability of the superior microorganism to grow on the xylose and the amount of fat production in this area were measured under optimal conditions. Xylose is one of the most abundant 5-carbon sugars in nature, and microorganisms that can grow on it are important. In this paper, the effect of different values of ammonium sulfate concentration, glucose concentration, temperature, aeration, incubation time, and pH are investigated. The results showed that with increasing ammonium sulfate concentration, glucose concentration, Incubation time, and pH, values of production of lipids, dry biomass, and percentage of lipid production by dry weight increased. Also, increasing the values of temperature and aeration has reduced the mentioned values. Finally, it can be said that the values for the studied parameters are: Concentration 1 g/L for ammonium sulfate, concentration 100 g/L for glucose, temperature 2 °C, aeration 150 rpm, incubation time 72 h, and pH equal to 6.5. -
Establishment of a novel pork kidney lavage method and detection of heavy metals and antibiotics Original Article
LIANG, Zhijuan; TAN, Hailin; LI, Dan; LIANG, Ye; WANG, Liping; CHEN, Yuanbin; NIU, HaitaoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The effectiveness and feasibility of a pork kidney lavage method to remove heavy metals and antibiotics from fresh pork kidney were investigated. This work provides a basis for the research and development of contaminant-free pork kidney foods. A comparative study was performed on pork kidneys with traditional treatment versus lavage treatment. The contents of Cu, Pb and Hg, 18 sulfonamides, 15 quinolones, ampicillin and cefalexin were detected by FAAS, GF-AAS, AFS and LC-MS/MS. The detection results of heavy metals and antibiotics showed that the content of Cu in pork kidney after lavage was significantly reduced, and antibiotics such as sulfachlorpyridazine and enrofloxacin were not detected. Therefore, lavage is an effective method to remove toxins from fresh pork kidney and can remove heavy metals and antibiotics to the maximum extent, providing a basic guarantee for the production of contaminant-free pork kidney foods. -
Effects of pre-treatments on drying kinetics and energy consumption, heat-mass transfer coefficients, micro-structure of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba L.) fruit Original Article
POLATCI, Hakan; TAŞOVA, Muhammed; ŞİN, BahadırResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, jujube fruits were investigated effects on drying kinetics and energy consumption (total-specific), heat-mass transfer coefficients, micro-structure of pre-treatments 2% ethyl oleate, 540 W microwave and freeze-thaw + 720 W microwave. Initial moisture of fruit from 0.75 ± 0.2 g (water).g-1 (dry matter) to 0.15 ± 0.1 g (water).g-1 (dry matter). The shortest drying durations were observed in 2% ethyl oleate pre-treated samples. The greatest total power consumption (1.502 kW) was observed in control samples The greatest specific energy consumption (158.98 kW.kg-1) was observed in freeze-thaw pre-treated samples. The effective diffusion values varied between 9.53 x 10-8-5.26 x 10-8 m2.s-1. Lewis and Jena-Das models the best estimated time-dependent moisture ratios in freeze-thaw pre-treated samples. The average speed values was determined between 0.0025-0.0005 (gr db.minute-1) at the beginning of the drying and decreased to about 0.0005 (gr db.minute-1) at the lasting of the drying. The largest mass transfer coefficient value was found depending on the time varied between 1.035 x 10-7-8.256 x 10-12 m.s-1. in the samples dried by dipping into a 2% ethyl oleate solution. The average heat transfer coefficient value is calculated 0.204 W.m2 °C-1. With regard to micro-structure of the dried samples, 2% ethyl oleate pre-treatments yielded the least deformations and had the closest structure to fresh samples. -
Extraction of total triterpenoids from raspberry fruit and evaluation of their effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells Original Article
LIU, Ying; WU, Min; ZHI, Mingyu; TANG, Ping; KE, LeqinResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, the total triterpenoids of raspberry fruit (TTRF) were prepared, and their effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells were investigated. SMMC-7721 cells were treated with TTRF with concentration of 0 (control), 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/mL, respectively. The cell proliferation, cycle and apoptosis were detected. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X (Bax) in cells were determined. Results showed that, TTRF could obviously inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells, arrest most cells in S and G2/M phases, and promote their apoptosis. In addition, TTRF could increase the ROS level, down-regulate the Bcl-2 protein expression and up-regulate the Bax protein expression in cells. In conclusion, cucurbitacin I has inhibitory effect on growth of SMMC-7721cells. The action mechanism may be related to its increasing ROS level and regulating of Bcl-2 and Bax expression in cells. -
Fish breaded made with tilapia fillet and inclusion of minced fish derived from salmon processing: nutritional, technological, and sensory properties Original Article
ALBERGARIA, Francielly Corrêa; COSTA, Mariana Silveira; SCHIASSI, Maria Cecília Evangelista Vasconcelos; LAGO, Amanda Maria Teixeira; TORRES, Luciana Marques; GOMES, Maria Emília de SousaResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The fish processing processes generate a large volume of residues, so, an alternative for the use is the production of minced fish (MF). Thus, this study aimed to develop breaded with different concentrations of MF of salmon and tilapia fillet, and to analyze the chemical, physical and microbiological characteristics, as well as to determine the acceptability and purchase intention of the formulations. In technological and nutritional terms, the use of salmon MF in the production of breaded products did not detract from the quality of the final product, indicating a viable alternative for the use of salmon waste. -
Use of peels in the formulation and acceptance of white pulp pitaya jellies Original Article
MAGALHÃES, Deniete Soares; MOREIRA, Renata Amato; Pasqual, Moacir; VILAS BOAS, Eduardo Valério de Barros; PIO, Leila Aparecida SallesResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The generation of agroindustrial waste has become a serious environmental problem, which conflicts with the need for sustainability sought by modern agriculture. An alternative that helps minimizing these effects is the use of residues, such as fruit peel, in food production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the mesocarp of the white-fleshed red pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) in the preparation of jellies, verifying the influence of different percentages of pulp replacement per mesocarp (0, 20, 40 and 60%) on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensorial characteristics of the final products. The jellies presented good acceptability among consumers, with the 60% substitution level being the most accepted. Besides the mesocarp not altering the flavor of the jellies, its use increases the attractiveness to the consumer in addition to contributing to cost reduction and environment preservation. -
Effect of γ-irradiation on the physicochemical and functional properties of rice protein Original Article
YAO, Gang; GUO, Yanan; CHENG, Tianfu; WANG, Zhongjiang; LI, Bing; XIA, Chunyang; JIANG, Jicheng; ZHANG, Yubao; GUO, Zengwang; ZHAO, HongtaoResumo em Inglês:
Abstract In this study, rice protein was used as raw material to explore the effects of γ-irradiation treatment doses (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 kGy) on the physicochemical properties of rice protein (particle size, zeta potential, secondary structure, scanning electron microscope microstructure), surface hydrophobicity (H0), thermal stability), functional properties (solubility, water and oil retention, emulsification) and sensory quality. The results show that when the γ-irradiation dose is 2 kGy, the average particle size of rice protein is the smallest, the absolute value of the potential is the highest 33.58 mV, the content of β-sheets in the secondary structure is at least 31.16 ± 0.16, and the content of random curl is at most 14.56 ± 0.06, the surface of the microstructure is rough and the degree of pore depression is the deepest, the highest H0 is 160.45 ± 2.98, the minimum denaturation temperature (Td) and enthalpy (△H) are 70.49 ± 0.05 °C and 1.30 ± 0.01 J/g, which shows that γ-irradiation treatment can be significant affect the physicochemical properties of rice protein. When the irradiation dose is 2 kGy, the highest solubility of rice protein is 69.18 ± 1.07%, and the highest water and oil holding capacity are 5.89 ± 0.08 g/g and 3.45 ± 0.04 g/g, respectively. The highest emulsification activity and emulsification stability are 45.65 ± 1.26 m2/g and 208.33 ± 4.79 min, which shows that γ-irradiation treatment can improve the functional properties of protein. When the irradiation dose was less than 5 kGy, the sensory quality of rice protein was not significantly affected. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the deep processing and value-added utilization of rice protein by γ-irradiation technology. -
Technological characterization and antibacterial activity of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strains for potential use as starter culture for cheddar cheese manufacture Original Article
CHENG, Tianfu; WANG, Lin; GUO, Zengwang; LI, BailiangResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Several technological applications of Lactococcus lactis are attributed to their high metabolite-secreting abilities. Among these, bacteriocins can be used as food preservatives or additives in cheese manufacture. The objective was to evaluate the technological characteristics and antibacterial activity of 10 Lactococcus lactis isolates from traditional fermented dairy products, including acidifying ability, proteolytic ability, diacetyl production and autolytic activity. L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y14 and Y15 showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher ΔpH than other strains. L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y17 exhibited the highest proteolytic, L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y15 and L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y18 were next in terms of proteolytic activity. All strains possessed the ability of diacetyl production, with the highest production of 10.39 mg/g observed in L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y15. L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y14 had the highest (P < 0.05) autolytic ability (8.96%), followed by L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y15 (8.05%). L. lactis Y15 exhibited discernible antibacterial activity with the largest zone of inhibition diameters (25.56 mm). Based on the above results, L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y15 was selected as the starter to manufacture cheese. There were no significant differences in texture and sensory acceptability of Cheddar cheese manufactured by L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y15 with L. lactis subsp. lactis KLDS4.0325 or commercial starter. L. lactis subsp. cremoris Y15 can be used as a starter to produce Cheddar cheese. -
Therapeutic value of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation incorporated with milrinone on restoring cardiac function Original Article
ZENG, Liyan; DING, Tianhang; CHEN, Xi; XIA, Ying; YANG, Na; XIAN, WeiweiResumo em Inglês:
Abstract To explore the potential effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) transplantation combined with milrinone on the myocardial cell survival and cardiac function in heart failure. After isolation and culture of rat BMSCs and establishment of rat model of heart failure through intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin, the animals were administered with BMSCs through tail vein injection and/or with milrinone through the jugular vein injection. After that, echocardiography and Doppler images were used to evaluate cardiac function, and ELISA determined the milrinone concentration before and after intervention. The expression of myocardial specific proteins GATA-4, Cx43 and cTnI was determined. Compared with other treatments, administration BMSCs combined with milrinone more significantly improved cardiac function (p < 0.05). The BMSCs treatment had similar effect on the heart as milrinone (p > 0.05). The combined treatment obtained significantly increased expression of BNP levels and the highest expression levels of GATA-4, Cx43 and cTnI, compared to the BMSCs group. Combined treatment with BMSCs and milrinone effectively increase the expressions of GATA-4, Cx43, cTnI, and enhances healing of damaged myocardial cells, reducing lung resistance and plasma volume, and heart afterload. This treatment restores systolic and diastolic functions of the heart. -
Development stage prediction of flat peach by SVR model based on changes in characteristic taste attributes Original Article
TAN, Fengling; ZHAN, Ping; ZHANG, Yuyu; YU, Bin; TIAN, Honglei; WANG, PengResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Prediction of the development stage of flat peach is very important to determine the harvest time and guarantee high quality peach fruit. The objective of this study was to predict the development stage of flat peach by applying the SVR model based on characteristic taste attributes changes. Seven development stages were divided into immaturity stage (F1-F5) and maturity stage (F6-F7) according to PIs analysis. Both human sensory evaluation and electronic tongue showed that sourness and bitterness significantly decreased, while sweetness increased during seven development stages (P < 0.05). PCA result revealed that sourness and sweetness attributes had a high correlation between human sensory evaluation and electronic tongue. HCA classified seven development stages as two clusters, which was consistent with the PIs analysis. Seven development stages of flat peach were accurately predicted by the SVR model and the correct rate (CR) was 93.9%. The mean squared error (MSE) of each evaluation index was around 0.14 and the squared correlation coefficient (SCC) was over 0.99, which indicated the model performed well. This study proved that taste attribute could be used as an index combined with the SVR model to accurately predict the development stage of flat peach. -
Analysis of spore-forming bacterial contaminants in herbs and spices and evaluation of their heat resistance Original Article
YEHIA, Hany Mohamed; AL-MASOUD, Abdulrahman Hamad; ELKHADRAGY, Manal Fawzy; SONBOL, Hana; AL-DAGAL, Mosffer MohamedResumo em Inglês:
Abstract The antimicrobial activities of certain spices and herbs are well-documented. Herbs and spices are often exposed to bacterial contamination, spore-forming bacteria in particular. The spores introduced during the production process result in a contamination that causes food alteration during storage. The aim of this study was to isolate spore-forming bacteria from commercially available spices and herbs, such as ginger, cinnamon, black pepper, curcumin, saffron, and clove. The API 50 CHB/E medium was used to identify different genera of spore-forming bacteria isolated from samples. We found that these belonged to the genus Bacillus, such as Bacillus cereus, which was isolated from cinnamon, and Bacillus subtilis, and isolated from curcumin and black pepper. The third species belonged to the genus Brevibacillus, Brevibacillus laterosporus, which was isolated from ginger. The D-values (decimal reduction) of each bacterium were determined at 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100 °C. The Z-value was determined for each bacterium. The whole-cell protein profiles of the identified bacteria were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Since spore-forming bacterial contamination of herbs and spices can occur during their harvest, exsiccation, or through cross-contamination during packaging, we propose different methods for spore elimination. -
Effects of different storage temperatures on the structure and physicochemical properties of starch in frozen non-fermented dough Original Article
ZENG, Jingjing; GAO, Haiyan; HUANG, Keqiang; TIAN, Xiaoling; WANG, ZhaojunResumo em Inglês:
Abstract This study investigated the effects of different storage temperatures on the structure and physicochemical properties of starch in frozen nonfermented dough. The results showed that the water activity and water loss rate of dough samples decreased with decreasing storage temperature. The density of hydrogen protons in the dough sample decreased as well. The freezable water content in dough increased with decreasing freezing temperature. The results showed that with decreasing freezing temperature, the formation and recrystallization of ice crystals in the process of freezing storage resulted in an increase in depressions and holes in wheat starch grains, internal and external damage to starch, and a gradual decrease in the relative crystallinity. The porous surface of starch particles and their loose molecular order structure promote the infiltration of water molecules into the interior of the starch particles. The combination of starch chain and water molecules makes the peak viscosity of starch in the dough gradually rise, but diminishes its stability when heated. Compared with the control group, the starch recovery value increased, and the starch enthalpy value increased gradually. The structure and physicochemical properties of starch in nonfermented dough stored at -12 °C and -18 °C were similar. -
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of probiotic as immunomodulatory and anti-Campylobacter agent Original Article
AL-MEGRIN, Wafa Abdullah; YEHIA, Hany Mohamed; KORANY, Shereen Magdy; ALKHATEEB, Mariam Abdulaziz; ALAHDAL, Hadil; SONBOL, Hana; ALKHURIJI, Afrah Fahd; ELKHADRAGY, Manal FawzyResumo em Inglês:
Abstract Human campylobacteriosis can be transmitted from animals to human either directly or through contaminated food. So, food safety plays a critical role in preventing the prevalence of food-borne diseases. Probiotics microorganisms are considered one of the most promising new strategies in controlling gastrointestinal tract (GIT) infection. In this study, two probiotic strains Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus DSM 20080 and Bifidobacterium bifidum were investigated as anti-Campylobacter agent both in vitro and in vivo. Where they showed elevated antibacterial activity when used as mixed culture with a significant downregulation in the mice intestinal gene expression of IL-1β mRNA and TNF-α mRNA induced by Campylobacter jejuni. Besides, the histopathological investigation of mice intestinal tissue showed great morphological changes in the infected groups with C. jejuni compared with Probiotics treated group that showed healthy intestinal sections with well-defined and enhanced villi. Generally, our findings demonstrate that probiotics have a beneficial and significant effect in the reduction and treatment of destructive effect of C. jejuni on mice gut. -
Optimization of antioxidant compounds extraction from feijoa (Acca sellowiana berg) residues Original Article
BURBANO-IPIALES, Lina; VILLOTA-AREVALO, Daniela; MUÑOZ-PAREDES, Juan; OSORIO-MORA, Oswaldo; VALLEJO-CASTILLO, Vladimir