Lifestyle modification advice in the control of diabetes in Nigeria: Aspect of Influencing behavioural change wheel

Purpose This study aimed to elucidate whether levels of physical activity (PA) return to normal after bone healing or whether long-term behavioural changes in PA are to be expected in children and teenagers who have sustained limb fractures. Methods In all, 100 children and teenagers with a first episode of limb fracture and 100 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (CTRL) were recruited for a prospective study. PA in limb fracture patients was assessed at 18-month follow-up using accelerometer measurements, and values were compared with those of CTRL. Time spent in PA at different levels of intensity was determined for each participant and expressed in minutes and as a percentage of total validly measured time. Results Mean levels of PA at different levels of intensity by previously injured children and teenagers were similar than CTRL (42 sets of paired data). However, time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was lower than 60 minutes among limb-fracture patients at 18-month follow-up. Conclusion The amount of skeletal loading in children and teenagers returns to normal values by 18 months after limb fracture. Even if time spent in MVPA is not significantly lower in children and teenagers with limb fractures, it no longer reached the international recommendations for school-aged children (MVPA > 60 minutes), which may be interpreted as a lifestyle modification or a behavioural change to avoid new trauma. Level of Evidence II

Lifestyle modification is a pivotal intervention for Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH). This study aims to describe the lifestyles (physical activity and healthy diet) and their associations with sociodemography, illness characteristics, psychological elements, family support and level of barrier. 100 participants were given Pro forma questionnaires to assess sociodemography and illness characteristics. The lifestyles, psychological elements, family support and level of barrier were assessed using the Theory of Planned Behaviour questionnaire. The determinants of healthy lifestyles include the status of receiving treatment, level of barrier and intention for behavioural change. The findings may inform the strategy for lifestyle modification of FH patients.Keywords: Familial Hypercholesterolaemia; lifestyle; physical activity; healthy diet.eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2335

Performing vigorous physical activity and taking balanced diet are parts of healthy lifestyles of patients with Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH). This study aimed to describe the status of engagement with physical activity and a healthy diet, and their contributing factors. FH patients diagnosed using Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria were given validated questionnaires to assess sociodemography, illness characteristics, the status of engagement with physical activity and healthy diet, psychological elements, family support and level of barrier. Significant contributing factors were receiving treatment, level of barrier and intention for behavioural change. The findings may inform the strategy for lifestyle modification of patients with FH. Keywords: Familial Hypercholesterolaemia; lifestyle; physical activity; healthy diet. eISSN: 2514-7528 © 2020 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment- Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v5i17.374

A coronary event has major psychological, as well as physical, consequences. The recent British Cardiac Society's Working Party Report on Cardiac Rehabilitation acknowledges the importance of comprehensive rehabilitation programmes incorporating a psychological input. Psychological intervention as part of cardiac rehabilitation serves two purposes: to maximise psychosocial recovery, including return to customary activities such as work and sexual relationships, and to facilitate the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. The latter involves providing behavioural change strategies for a range of lifestyle factors from stress identification and management, through dietary, smoking and physical activity change, to increasing adherence to medication regimes.Psychological interventions have proven successful in decreasing general morbidity in the year after coronary events and in reducing reinfarction-related mortality. Little is understood about the mechanisms by which psychological interventions may operate. However, a recent seminal study of intensive lifestyle modification in cardiac patients has demonstrated that it is possible to achieve regression of atherosclerosis (although the authors themselves caution that their intensive methods are unlikely to be applicable in most patient settings). More general discussion of the relationship between psychological factors and coronary disease is available. With regard to enhancement of psychosocial recovery, early work documented positive effects of exercise-only programmes on psychosocial functioning.

Abstract Obesity and increased body adiposity have been alarmingly increasing over the past decades and have been linked to a rise in food intake. Many dietary restrictive approaches aiming at reducing weight have resulted in contradictory results. Additionally, some policies to reduce sugar or fat intake were not able to decrease the surge of obesity. This suggests that food intake is controlled by a physiological mechanism and that any behavioural change only leads to a short-term success. Several hypotheses have been postulated, and many of them have been rejected due to some limitations and exceptions. The present review aims at presenting a new theory behind the regulation of energy intake, therefore providing an eye-opening field for energy balance and a potential strategy for obesity management.