Sports Medicine Cadaver Demonstration Distance Learning Program Sports Medicine Cadaver Demonstration This guide will prepare

students to participate in an interactive human cadaver demonstration that will outline the most common sports injuries of the shoulder, elbow, knee and ankle. Basic principles of injury management will also be discussed. The musculoskeletal system consists of muscles, bones and connective tissue. During physical activity these components work in unison to move the body. Injury to the components of this system can often result in limited range of motion or pain during movement. Muscle strengthening, stretching and proper technique can help to reduce the incidence of sports related injury. At the end of this guide, you will find vocabulary review, and pre/post tests for your students.

Educational Standards: The demonstration meets the following standards. National Science Education (NSE) content standards for grades 9-12: 1. Systems order and organization 2. personal and community health 3. form and function 4. matter, energy and organization of living systems 5. evidence, models and explanation Show Me Standards: (Science, and Health/Physical Education) 1. characteristics and interactions of living organisms 2. properties and principles of matter and energy 3. structures of, functions of, and relationships among human body systems 4. principles of movement and physical fitness 5. methods used to assess health, reduce risk factors, and avoid high risk behaviors (such as violence, tobacco, alcohol and other drug use) 6. diseases and methods for prevention, treatment and control Objectives: After completing this activity students will become acclimated to the use of a cadaver as a learning tool for health-science education. explore the structure of and relationships of the muscles, tendons, bones and ligaments of the knee, ankle, shoulder and elbow. describe the commonly occurring injuries to the above joints. describe principles of movement and physical fitness.

Knowledge of common sports related injuries will enable students to understand the significance of careful training, and proper technique for injury prevention. understand basic sports injury management

Prerequisite Knowledge: Students should be familiar with terms relating to the musculoskeletal system. Knee: Structures: bones: femur, tibia, fibula, tibial tubercle, and femoral epicondyles; Muscles: quadriceps-rectus femorus, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralus, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, illiotibial band, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus and brevis, gastrocnemius, soleus, femur, iliac crest, tibia, fibula, calcaneus, femoral artery, vein and nerve, ligaments: ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL. Ankle/Foot: Structures: Bones: tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, cuneiform bones, metatarsals, phalanges; Ligaments: deltoid ligament, anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments, calcaneofibular ligament, plantar fascia; Muscles: tibialis anterior and posterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum longus, peroneus longus and brevis, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles. Shoulder: Structures: clavicle, acromion process, coracoid process, glenoid fossa, humerus, deltoid, biceps, triceps, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis Elbow Structures: Bones: humerus, radius, ulna, olecranon process, humeroulnar joint, proximal radioulnar joint; Ligaments: medial collateral ligament (ulnar collateral ligament), lateral collateral ligament radial collateral ligament); Muscles: biceps, brachioradialis, and triceps

Sports Medicine
Vocabulary Review
Strain - tearing injury to muscle; usually causes some degree of bleeding within the muscle tissue. Sprain - tearing injury to a ligament. Sprains can be minor , with only slight stress to the ligament or may be severe, with total separation of a ligament that supports a joint. R.I.C.E. - an acronym for REST, ICE, COMPRESSION and ELEVATION. The four basic methods used to speed minor injury recovery.

Patellar tendinitis - an inflammation of the patella tendon. Often called jumpers knee. Osgood Schlatters disease - an osteochondritis of the apophysis of the tibial tubercle. Medial collateral ligament (MCL) - one of four important stabilizer ligaments of the knee. The ligament attaches to the femur and the tibia and runs across the inside of the knee. It prevents the knee from buckling inward. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) - a strong ligament which connects the femur and the tibia, stabilizing the outer aspect of the knee joint. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) - a strong ligament of the knee that originates from the anterolateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur, passes posteriorly and inferiorly between the condyles, and attaches to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia. Iliotibial band (tract) - a thickened lateral portion of the fascia lata. It extends as a tendinous band from the iliac crest to the knee. Achilles tendon - a tendon that attaches the calf muscles to the heelbone (calcaneus). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) - a nonsteroidal drug, such as aspirin or ibuprofen, used to treat inflammation, mild to moderate pain, and fever. Plantar fasciitis - an inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thin layer of tough tissue supporting the arch of the foot. May cause the heel to hurt, feel hot, or swell. Shoulder dislocation - the upper arm or humerus out of its socket. Medial epicondyle - a bony prominence of the inner aspect of the humerus. Apophysitis - inflammation of any apophysis, which is a prominence on any bone. Epicondylitis - inflammation of the epicondyle or of the tissues adjoining the epicondyle of the humerus. Tennis elbow - inflammation at the lateral epicondyle (bony process of the humerus) of the elbow and the tendon insertions. Tommy John injury (surgery) - rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament, also known as the medial collateral ligament, which is the main ligament that holds the bones of the lower arm and those of the upper arm together at the elbow and prevents them from moving in an abnormal way. Surgery typically involves transplanting another ligament to replace the MCL.

AIMS Sports Medicine Cadaver Demonstration Pre/Post Test

1. Name the four muscles of the rotator cuff: __________ / __________ / __________ / __________. 2. Condition of the shoulder in which the shoulder joint has significant loss of its range of motion in all directions: __________, also known as __________. 3. The three bones that make up the knee joint are the __________, __________, __________. 4. Sprains occur to __________, while Strains occur to __________. 5. A _________degree sprain/strain occurs when all or most of the fibers of the ligament/muscle are torn, and loss of function is severe. 6. __________ occurs because of wear-and-tear on the joint, and is the result of wearing away of the hyaline cartilage that lines the ends of the long bones. 7. This condition is an overuse injury to the ligaments around the knee, that frequently occurs in basketball players, skiers, and others who use the knee as a shock absorber: __________. It is also known as __________. 8. Name the condition which refers to pain along the inner two thirds of the tibial shaft, primarily caused by repetitive pulling of the tibialis posterior tendon as one pushes off the foot during running: __________ 9. Shoulder Dislocations occur at the __________ joint, while Shoulder separations occur at the __________ joint. 10. The vast majority (95%) of shoulder dislocations occur in an __________ direction. 11. This condition is usually a repetitive injury resulting in inflammation of the ligament from the lateral epicondyle to the radius. __________. It is also known as __________. 12. The most commonly sprained ligament in the ankle is the __________.

Bonus: Are you interested in a career in medicine, as either a doctor, nurse, or some other member of the healthcare community? Y or N

AIMS

Sports Medicine Cadaver Demonstration Pre/Post Test Answer Sheet

1. Supraspinatus / Infraspinatus / Teres Minor / Subscapularis 2. Adhesive Capsulitis / Frozen Shoulder 3. Femus / Tibia / Patella 4. Ligaments / Muscles 5. Third 6. Osteoarthritis 7. Patellar Tendonitis / Jumpers Knee 8. Shin Splints 9. Glenohumeral / Acromioclavicular 10. Anterior 11. Lateral Epicondylitis / Tennis Elbow 12. Talofibular ligament