PTI Economic Vision

PTI analysis of the economy

Where are we today? Where are we headed with business as usual? PTI Reform Agenda - What needs to be done to drive Pakistans economy on a path to sustainable high growth?

Crux of the problem

Flawed energy policy over the years has resulted in a crippling energy crisis Grossly inadequate tax-to-GDP ratio The rich and powerful do not pay taxes Spiraling fiscal deficits and record build up in debt Negative balance of trade and eroding value of PKR The economy has been bailed out time and time again by international politics related external capital flows Due to decades of under investment in Education/Health/Skills the demographic dividend turning into a liability

A crumbling state, rising corruption

Antiquated Governance and Management structure Unable to meet challenges of the modern era Weak Institutions getting progressively weaker Civil Servants and Politicians deeply suspicious of each other Failure of stakeholders to reach policy consensus All pervasive corruption Lack of transparency Every decade has seen new and higher records of corruption Lack of accountability has led to increasing corruption at all levels The people have become cynical about corruption and have developed higher tolerance levels Very little push back on corruption across the political divide

Mother of all problems

Lack of Political Leadership with
Vision Clarity of Purpose, and Ability to change the status quo

Instead we have
Political leadership has been a monopoly of a few Constituency politics remains mired in local power systems and Biradarism Parliamentarians focus on Ministries, symbols of State authority and patronage to increase their constituency power base

Long term decline in the economy

GDP growth has trended down sharply in the last three decades
Decline has accelerated sharply under the current government
10 9

8
7 6 5 4

3 2
1 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Source: IMF WEO 2012

Worst performance ever - Economy (FY08 to FY12)

Lowest 5 year growth period in the last 50 years. Average GDP growth of 3% a year

In the same period India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka has posted an average annual GDP growth of 7.8%, 6.8% and 6.1%, respectively
Inflation as measured by CPI has jumped by 70% in last 4 years (from June 2008 till June 2012). 5 years of double digit inflation for the first time in Pakistans history Investment to GDP ratio has collapsed to 12.5% in FY12 compared to 22.5% in FY07. This compares unfavorably with investment to GDP ratio of 35%, 28% and 25% for India, Sir Lanka and Bangladesh

International comparison
6 5 4 3 2

Real GDP growth %

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pakistan

1
0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(E) 2013(E)

Indias per capita growth rate of 6% will double its per capita Income in 12 years & with Pakistans 1% per capita growth rate it will take an average Pakistani 70 years to double their income

Failure of state comes at a very high cost

Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1000 births)
Pakistan

Ethiopia
Sudan Zimbabwe

India
Bangladesh

Vietnam
China Thailand Switzerland Singapore 0 10 20 30

A child born in Pakistan has a lower chance of survival than in most countries in the world
40 50 60 70 80

Source: World Bank WDI

Failure of state comes at a very high cost

Only 55% of Pakistanis above 15 years of age can read or write their names
Vietnam

Zimbabwe
Turkey Kenya

Rwanda
Nigeria

Liberia
Pakistan Cote d'Ivoire Senegal Sierra Leone 0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: World Bank WDI

Record build up in debt, burden on citizens

80,000

70,000 60,000
50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000

Per capita debt has doubled to PKR 72,162 under the current government

10,000 0
1990 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Source: IMF WEO 2012

Sharply depleting FX reserves limited options on table

15 FDI, aid, loans
10 FX reserves

18
16 14

5 0
C/A deficit -5

12 10
8 6

-10 -15
FY09

Debt payments

4 2 0
FY11 FY12F FY13F

FY10

Source: SBP, IMF Article IV 2012

Record deficit 8.4% first time in history

Fiscal deficit of PKR 1,720bn (SBP)
4.5 4.0 3.5

Banking sector credit by sectors Government has left no money for industry or farmers leading to collapse of economy

PKR trillion

3.0

Government

2.5
2.0

1.5
1.0 0.5 Agriculture

Industry

0.0 Jun-06

Jun-07

Jun-08

Jun-09

Jun-10

Jun-11

June-12

Business as usual is not sustainable

We cannot afford another 5 years of status quo

Pakistan will become the poor man of the 21st century
Per capita debt will rise to PKR 145,000 per Pakistani Record inflation will push another millions of Pakistanis below the poverty line Power shortfall will rise from 6,000MWs (1/3 of total demand) to 11,000MWs in 5 years (1/2 of demand) Gas shortfall will more than double to 3.5bcfd from 1.6bcfd Unemployment will rise by millions over next 5 years

PTI Reform Agenda

Time has come for institutionalized reforms

Without deep and Institutionalized reforms the economy Cannot be put on a sustained growth path Will not be able to provide the minimum level of basic services to its people Will be unable to provide employment to the millions of youth coming on the job market each year Cannot come out of the inflation trap

PTI reform program vs. status quo (PPP/PMLN/allies)

Economy will grow at an average of more than 6% under PTI vs. 3% under status quo Inflation will be brought down to 7% vs. 12% under status quo Industry will grow at 9% under PTI vs. 1% under status quo Investment spending will rise to 21.4% under PTI after collapsing to 12.4% under status quo Tax revenue will rise to 15% of GDP under PTI vs. less than 10% of GDP under status quo Welfare spending on citizens will rise more than four fold to PKR 4.6trn under PTI vs. 0.9trn under status quo Fiscal deficit will be brought down to 4.5% of GDP under PTI vs. 8.4% of GDP under status quo

National Emergency declaration

Get the Country working again with a 5 point Emergency Plan:
1. Energy sector reform (PTI plan has already been released) 2. Institutional reform
Anti-Corruption/Accountability Governance reform

3. Expenditure reform 4. Revenue Collection reform 5. Human Capital Development

Health/Education/Skill Development

Energy Emergency
Make Pakistan an Energy Secure state
Resolve Circular Debt through moving to lower cost production Divert all resources to maximising Energy production Bring Load shedding to manageable proportions urgently Initiate PTI medium term Energy plan to reduce Cost of Generation and Line losses etc
Provinces to play their role in resolving the Energy crisis

Electricity & Gas shortages to be eliminated within PTIs first term of government

Accountability Emergency
Independent, empowered Accountability mechanism
NAB to have its own investigative and prosecution arm outside the purview of the Executive
Take up all mega scandals of past and present

Create Teams of motivated and empowered investigators for each mega scandal
Investigate and bring to justice

Special Task Force to recover looted national wealth stashed outside the Country All recovered assets of corruption to be used for educating the youth of Pakistan

Institution Reform Emergency

Railway Ministry abolished
Railway to work under Independent, fully autonomous Board.no Govt. interference Within 12 months railway to be back on track

(contd)

PIA removed from Ministry of Defence control Strategic government institution to manage SOEs similar to Malaysias Khazanah
Fully Autonomous Board Mandate to revitalize within two years CEOs to be appointed by Boards, not PM

Institution Reform Emergency

Frontal Attack on Vested Interest
Strengthen and empower SECP, CCP, OGRA, NEPRA etc. to act against:
Cartels Speculators Hoarders Gas and electricity thieves

Protect land and property owners from exploitation by Real estate Mafia and Qabza groups Eliminate culture of specific SROs

Governance reform Emergency

Implement Civil Service Reforms
Results based Management Encourage functional specialization Monetize all civil service benefits and perks

Incentivize high performing civil servants and enable professionals the opportunity of working in the Government PFC for every province to ensure equal/non-Political distribution of Funds to Districts based on objective laid down criteria A DFC for every Districts to ensure equal distribution of funds to Tehsils and then Villages
Direct funding for villages and municipalities to generate local economic activity across the length and breadth of Pakistan (as announced in PTI Local govt. Policy)

Decentralize governance and empower communities for generating economic activity at the grass roots level

Expenditure Emergency
Begin at the TOP
All Governor houses, PM house, symbols of Pomp and Glory to be shut down and converted to places of public use Expense of president house to be cut by half CM Camp Offices to be restricted to one (CM Punjab has 6 Camp offices!!!)

Reduce number of Federal Ministries to 17 from the present 37 Limit perks of Ministers, MNAs, MPAs and civil and military bureaucrats Abolish policy of free and subsidized plots All state Institutions, including Defense to participate in Expenditure reduction Eliminate all discretionary funds No development funds of Parliamentarians

Revenue collection Emergency

Make FBR fully Autonomous Insulate from Political Influence Eliminate pressure for Lucrative postings GOP to make tax policy, FBR to implement independently Use deployment of technology and increase transparency to fight leakages Operationalize access to information laws to empower citizens to join the fight against corruption Independent estimates that Rs 900 Billion escapes the tax net every year Raise revenue by ensuring Tax collection without raising Tax rates Minimum Assets Taxadjustable against Income tax All Income to be taxable (Agriculture, real estate, stock market etc). End Soft Amnesty schemes Once the Reform measures kick in, reduce tax rates to reduce the burden on citizens and business

Revenue collection Emergency

Provincial government must play their due role
Law of pre-eminent domain - state takes over under-declared property End to Benami Transactions Agriculture Tax from Large Landowners GST on Services

Give evaders time to declare correctly and then apply full force of Law

Health sector Emergency

Health care for the poor
Increase spending from 0.86% of GDP to 2.6% of GDP in 5 years
A sixfold increase in absolute terms

Provide Primary Heath Care (PHC) to the poor of Pakistan

All BHUs, RHCs revitalised with Doctors, Staff and medicines
Rural Health Centre to be the fulcrum of PHC delivery

Focus on Mother and Child health care

All DHQ/THQ Hospitals to be modernised Focus on Health Care Delivery in every District Create jobs in healthcare (nurses, LHWs, LHVs, doctors, paramedics etc)
Dramatically increase the number of nurses , LHVs and paramedics Increase the number of doctors, with special focus on Dentists and Eye doctors

Education Emergency
Khud Mukhtar Pakistani one education system Increase spending from 2% of GDP to 5% of GDP in 5 years
Fivefold increase in absolute terms

Decentralise Service Delivery to District

All hiring within district Empower Community to help manage schools

Voucher system to Fund students to go to Private Schools to fill gaps where Govt schools are not enough Focus on Girls Education (Double number of Girls High Schools in 5 years) Special programme to modernise and upgrade Govt. sector Colleges for near term impact
Involve and empower community to share burden of Management

Sports and extra curricular activities like debates to be specially emphasized for developing the potential of youth

Skill Development Emergency

Leverage private / public / NGOs for mega skill development program
Target 2 million youth in skill development centers at the end of Year 2 Remove poverty as a barrier to entry Provide stipends for poor students Fund students, not schools Focus on employable skills and Placement Service to match students and jobs Focus on social service delivery providers (paramedics, nurses etc.) Carry out comprehensive regulatory reform Develop manpower skills for exports

Khud Mukhtar Pakistan - Elite to Citizen

Increase spending on poor & middle income households Reorienting 5% of GDP government budget for a Increase in welfare state Tax to GDP FY14 to FY18
5.5% of GDP Increase in Education, Health and Income Support spending

2% of GDP reduction in wasteful expenditure

Fiscal space 9% of GDP

2%

Improvement by elimination of PSEs Losses

3.5% Reduction in Fiscal Deficit

The Foreign Exchange Challenge

Khud Mukhtar Pakistan

Time and time again the Pakistani nation has run out of foreign Exchange and been forced to beg for Bailouts

PTI has evolved and will implement policies to reduce and then Eliminate dependence on Foreign Aid

Addressing the external vulnerabilities

Export strategy to boost FX earnings
Industrial Export Corner To be housed within existing Industrial Zones SME Export Vendor Scheme similar to export finance scheme (EFS) of SBP Rural Export Development Program Agriculture based value added exports Diversify export base to higher value added goods, diversify to new markets

Fix flawed energy policy to reduce large trade deficits

Reduce oil imports (USD 14bn in FY12, 36% of total imports) through converting existing generation plants to coal. Save USD 4bn annually on oil imports. Resolve energy crisis for higher manufacturing output and higher exports

Addressing the external vulnerabilities (contd)

Give confidence to overseas Pakistanis to invest home
Enhanced focus on remittances from Overseas Pakistanis Non-resident bonds to be floated Ensure legal protection of Overseas Pakistanis investment

Bring back Foreign Investment

Target wealth funds in China and Middle East for large investments in energy, minerals and infrastructure

Dire need to restore growth & create jobs

Growth strategy increase investment and trade flows

Investment spending to rise to 21.4% of GDP by FY18 (12.4% in FY12)

Fully exploit the ignored indigenous God-given natural resources

of Pakistan Boost agriculture output and farm incomes Rapid industrial growth for generating jobs, boosting exports Regional Trade to diversify markets Jumpstart economic growth to absorb 2mn youth to labor force every year

Large mineral resources can boost growth

One of the largest coal reserves in the world

Large mineral resources can boost growth

Pakistan has the 5th largest copper reserves
160 140

150

120

Million tonnes

100 80 60

40
20 0 Russia

18

23

25

30

33

Pakistan

Peru

USA

Indonesia

Chile

Source: Barrick Gold Canada, US Geological Survey 2008

Large mineral resources can boost growth

Large untapped gas reserves 60 years of gas at current consumption
90

80
70
Gas supply in years at Current consumption of 1.4trn cubic feet

Untapped resource
51

80.7

Trillion cubic feet

60
50 40

30
20 10 0

29.7

Proved Natural Gas Reserves

Technically Recoverable Shale Gas Resources

Total
Source: US EIA

Rapid Industrial growth for job creation & export growth

SME focus with performance based incentives

Access to finance, with performance based incentives Create market linkages including domestic & exports Management & Technical capacity building Remove energy & skill shortages

Set up Industrial zones with modern infrastructure

Industrial infrastructure in and around every district/cluster to create local employment Incentives for industries based on local endowments

Rapid Industrial growth for job creation & export growth (contd)

Make Pakistan the world leader in Islamic Finance

Float flexible vehicles for Venture Capital and Private Equity investment Develop short (musharika) and long term (Sukuk) debt market

Harness the potential of expatriate Pakistanis for mega projects through retails bonds, IPOs Establish Infrastructure Lending Bank (IPDF model) to encourage public-private partnership

Regional Trade is the lowest in the world

Intra-regional trade as a % of GDP
30% 25% 27%

20% 16%
15%

10%
6% 5% 0% East Asia Europe Latin America Sub Saharan Middle East South Asia Africa
Source: World Bank

5%
3%

1%

Agriculture
Focus on Farmer Profitability
Reducing Cost of Production Modern tillage to reduce use of diesel per acre (incentivize introduction of modern and high quality implements) Efficient use of water (Lined watercourses, efficient farm layout) Use less Energy per acre (Incentivized / Subsidized program to replace inefficient tube wells by efficient, modern technology) Increase Yield Mega program of Agriculture Financing - focus on small farmers Provision of Certified Seeds and technology package at farmer doorstep State of the art research institutions with participation of all stakeholders Efficient Markets Farmer should not suffer after a big harvest Create storage capacities to insulate against force selling at harvest and avoid post-harvest losses. Radically increase number of farmer markets to bring market closer to farmers

Agriculture
Using Farmers to fight Inflation Task forces for major kitchen table items to dramatically increase productivity within 5 years (Pulses, Onions, Tomatoes, vegetables etc) Community Dairy Farming in every village of Pakistan Reduce cost of Fodder Use of Silage Marketing Make Dairy farming profitable for small and medium farmers Turn dairy farming into rural Pakistans premier Industry Village Councils under PTIs Local Govt Plan to be empowered to aggregate farm inputs and market output

Reduce inflation & alleviate poverty

12% Supply side
Reduce cost of producing energy & energy shortages
Increase output & improve agriculture competiveness

Demand side
Increase savings
Eliminate money printing
Efficient markets & Effective regulators Lower tax rates

7%

Thank You