Seismic Analysis & Design of 10 Story RC Building

(Time History Analysis)

Using ETABS
(Metric Units) ACECOMS, AIT

0.3

yg

0.2

0.1

0 0 -0.1 2 4 6 8 10 12

-0.2

-0.3

Table of Content
Objective Problem Step by Step 1. Open Existing Model and Unlock Model 2. Delete Existing Seismic Load Case 3. Define Time History Function 4. Specify Time History Cases 5. Run Analysis 6. View Modal Analysis Results 7. View Time History Analysis Results 8. Run Concrete Frame Design and View Results 9. Run Shear Wall Design and View Results 5 5 11 11 14 15 18 23 26 29 38 48

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Objective
To demonstrate and practice step-by-step on time history analysis and design of 10 story RC building.

Problem
Carry out modal time history analysis, and design of 10 story RC building using ELCENTRO time history data.

3D View

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Plan View (Unit in m)

6.00 m

6.00 m

6.00 m

6.00 m

2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 m

6.00 m

BASE STORY 7
6.00 m 6.00 m 6.00 m

6.00 m

2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 m

6.00 m

STORY 8 STORY 10

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2.00 2.00 2.00

2.00 2.00 2.00

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Elevation View

Material Properties for Concrete (Unit in kg and cm)

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Section Properties Member Beam (width x Height) Column Slab Shear wall Dimension 30 x 60 cm 50 x 50 cm Thickness = 15 cm Thickness = 20 cm

Story Height Data Story Typical Story Story at base of building Static Load Cases Load Name Load Type Details Self Weight of Structural Members Calculate automatically using Self Weight Multiplier in ETABS DEAD Dead Load Uniform Load on Slabs: (Finishing + Partition Load) Uniform Load on Beams: (Wall Load) LIVE Reducible Live Load Uniform Load on Slabs: (Use Tributary Area: UBC97) Value Height 3.00 m 4.00 m

0.20 t/m2

0.50 t/m

0.25 t/m2

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ELCENTRO Time History Function

ELCENTRO Time History

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Ground Accerelation Normalized by g

0.2

0.1

0 0 -0.1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

Time (Sec)

Note: Use Built-in Time History Data in ETABS located at Time History Functions subfolder in main folder that ETABS has been installed (normally at C:\Program Files\Computers and Structures\ETABS\Time History Functions)

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Wind Load Cases (UBC97)

Load Case Parameter WINDX Wind Direction Wind Speed Exposure Type Importance Factor X 90 mph B (Suburban area) 1 (Building normal importance) WINDY Y

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Step by Step
1. Open Existing Model and Unlock Model
Step 1-1: Open Existing Model Start up screen of ETABS, click on Open button file from previous example. or go to File >> Open and find

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Step 1-2: Save As to New File Go to File >> Save As and specify new file name.

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Step 1-3: Unlock Model Click on Unlock Model button

Click on OK to confirm to unlock the model and delete all analysis results

Note: ETABS has locked the model automatically from previous analysis. Model has to be unlocked first before do any modification by clicking on Unlock Model button . ETABS will delete all analysis and design results after unlock.

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2. Delete Existing Seismic Load Case

Step 2-1: Delete Existing Seismic Load Case Case A: File from First Example (Equivalent Lateral Force) Go to Define >> Static Load Case, select EQXA and click on Delete Load Repeat this step to delete EQXB, EQYA and EQYB

Case B: File from Second Example (Modal Response Spectra Analysis) Go to Define >> Response Spectrum Case, select EQX and click on Delete Spectrum. Repeat this step to delete EQY

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3. Define Time History Function

Step 3-1: Add New Time History Function Go to Define >> Functions >> Time History, select Function from File and click on Add New Function.

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Step 3-2: Locate ELCENTRO Time History Data Click on Browse, select Files of type to All files (*.*) and locate file named ELCENTRO (normally at C:\Program Files\Computers and Structures\ETABS\Time History Functions)

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Step 3-3: Display ELCENTRO Time History Function Select Time and Function Values and click on Display Graph.

Note: To view coordinate of each point on graph, move cursor over this graph, location of current point over cursor on graph will display as red dot and coordinate of cursor is shown at bottom of graph. From above graph found that total time is 12 sec.

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4. Specify Time History Cases

Step 4-1:Add New Time History Case Make sure that current working unit is Ton-m by checking in drop-down menu at right-bottom of page. Go to Define >> Time History Case and click on Add New History

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Step 4-2: Specify Time History Case for EQX Specify time history case as shown in figure below

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Note: 1. Output time step size should be set such a way that the peak amplitude points on the time history function are not missed. (0.1 sec for this example) 2. Because the values along Y axis of time history function as specified in step 3 are normalized by ground acceleration (g), the scale factor will be value of g (9.81 in metric unit). 3. This scale factor can also be used to increase or decrease the time history magnitude for difference soil condition, site locationetc. 4. Total analysis time = Total time history function + 5 time of building period in first mode (for damping = 0.05). = 12 + 5 x 1.2 = 18 sec 5. Number of output time steps = Total analysis time / Output time step size

ELCENTRO Time History

0.3

Ground Accerelation Normalized by g

0.2

0.1

0 0 -0.1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

-0.2

-0.3

Output time step size Total analysis time

-0.4

Time (Sec)

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Step 4-3: Specify Damping for EQX Click on Modify/Show and enter Damping for all Modes as shown in figure below.

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Step 4-4: Specify Time History Case and Damping for EQY Repeat Step 4-1 to 4-3 to add EQY Time History Case as shown in figures below

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5. Run Analysis
Step 5-1: Set Dynamic Analysis Parameters Go to Analyze >> Set Analysis Options, select Dynamic Analysis, click on Set Dynamic Parameters and specify dynamic analysis parameters as shown in figure below

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Step 5-2: Start Analysis Go to Analyze >> Run Analysis or click on Run Analysis button to start analysis. ETABS will display deformed shape of model when analysis complete.

Note: ETABS will lock the model automatically from accidental or undesired changes. Model will be unlocked by clicking on Unlock Model button . ETABS will delete all analysis and design results after unlock.

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Step 5-3: Check Error from Analysis Run Record Go to File >> Last Analysis Run Log and scroll down to check error message.

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6. View Modal Analysis Results

Step 6-1: Display Mode Shape in 3D View Select 3D view window, go to Display >> Show Mode Shape or click on Show and select desired mode. Mode Shape button To view deformed shape in animation, click on Start Animation.

Note: Time Period of current mode shows at top of 3D window

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Step 6-2: Display Modal Displacement at Particular node Right click on desired node to display modal displacement at current mode shape

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Step 6-3: View Modal Analysis in Tabular Form Go to Display >> Set Output Table Mode and select items as shown in figure below

Select building modal information from drop-down menu

Note: This table can be copied to MS Excel by using Edit >> Copy menu in this window (Not main menu).

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7. View Time History Analysis Results

Step 7-1: View Analysis Result Diagrams of Frame Elements (Beam or Column) Select Plan View window by clicking on it, go to Display >> Show Member Forces/Stress Diagram >> Frame/ Pier/Spandrel Forces and select time history analysis (EQX or EQY) from Load and Component. Desired time step can be button to view previous time step specified from Time dialogue box or click on or button to view next time step.

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Note: Sign Convention for Frame Element

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Step 7-2: View Analysis Result Diagram at Particular Frame Element Right click on desired beam to display particular analysis result diagram

Note: To see analysis results in particular location, move mouse cursor over this diagram and see value at bottom of the window

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Step 7-3: Change View to Elevation View at Elevator Location Click on Set Elevation View button and select elevation view at elevator location

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Step 7-4: View Analysis Result Diagrams of Shear Wall (Pier) Right click on desired shear wall panel to view particular diagram

Note: Same as frame element, move mouse cursor over this diagram and see value at bottom of this window to check analysis results in particular location

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Step 7-5: View Analysis Result Contour in Shear Wall Panels (Elevation View) Change Plan View to Elevation View by clicking on Set Elevation View button and selecting desired elevation for elevator location, go to Display >> Show Member Forces/Stress Diagram >> Shell Stresses/Forces, select time history analysis case (EQX or EQY) from Load and Component. Right click on desired wall panel to view particular analysis result.

Note: Analysis results at particular location will display at the bottom of window when move mouse cursor over this diagram.

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Note: Sign Convention for Shell Element

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Step 7-6: View Analysis Result Contour in Slab Panels (Plan View) Change to Plan View by clicking on Set Plan View button and selecting desired floor, go to Display >> Show Member Forces/Stress Diagram >> Shell Stresses/Forces and select time history analysis (EQX or EQY) and Component. Same as shear wall panel, right click on desired wall panel to view particular analysis result.

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Step 7-7: View Analysis Results in Tabular Form Go to Display >> Show Output table Mode, select desired items and click on Select Loads to specify load case/combination.

Select analysis results from drop-down menu at top-right of screen

Note: This table can be copied to MS Excel by using Edit >> Copy menu in this window (Not main menu).

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8. Run Concrete Frame Design and View Results

ETABS will be defined load combination automatically based on load cases and select design code except time history analysis case that need to be defined manually as seismic load (E) for ACI load combination.
Step 8-1: Select Design Code Go to Options >> Preference >> Concrete Frame Design and select ACI 318-99 from Design Code

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Step 8-2: View Load Combination for Concrete Frame Design Go to Design >> Concrete Frame Design >> Select Design Combo to view load combination for concrete frame design. Load combinations have been defined as selected code from previous step. Select desired load combination from Design Combos column and click on Show to view load combination parameters (load factors and details)

Note: There is no seismic load case (E) in all load combination that are defined automatically by ETABS.

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Step 8-3: Add New Load Combination for Seismic Load (E) Go to Define >> Load Combinations, click on Add New Combo.

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Step 8-4: Specify Load Case and Load Factor for CON11 Load Combination Select Case Name, enter Scale Factor and click on Add to specify load case and load factor one by one for CON11 load combination

Note: DCON11 name can be used for manual load combination because DCON is reserved for auto load combination for RC concrete frame design.

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Step 8-5: Specify Load Case and Load Factor for the remaining of Load Combination Repeat Step 8-3 to 8-4 to define load combination as details shown in table below one by one.

Load Comb. Name CON11 CON12 CON13 CON14 CON15 CON16 CON17 CON18

Load Case/ Load Factor DEAD 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 LIVE 1.275 1.275 1.275 1.275 WINDX WINDY EQX 1.4025 -1.4025 1.43 -1.43 EQY 1.4025 -1.4025 1.43 -1.43

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Step 8-6: Specify Load Combination for Concrete Frame Design Go to Design >> Concrete Frame Design >> Select Design Combo, select CON11 to CON18 from left column and click on Add to add manual load combination to Design combo list.

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Step 8-7: Start Concrete Frame Design Go to Design >> Concrete Frame Design >> Start Design/Check of Structure

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Step 8-8: Display Longitudinal Reinforcing for Concrete Frame Design Select kg-cm, go to Design >> Concrete Frame Design >> Display Design Info, click on Design Output and select Longitudinal Reinforcing from first drop-down menu.

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Step 8-9: Display Shear Reinforcing for Concrete Frame Design Go to Design >> Concrete Frame Design >> Display Design Info, click on Design Output and select Shear Reinforcing from first drop-down menu.

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Step 8-10: Display Concrete Frame Design in Details To see concrete frame design in details, right mouse click on desired element. The highlighted row is the critical location along the element length (maximum required reinforcement). More details can be displayed by clicking on button below. Click OK to close this dialogue.

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9. Run Shear Wall Design and View Results Typical Shear Wall Design Procedure
Following is a typical shear wall design process that might occur for a new building. Note that the sequence of steps you may take in any particular design may vary from this but the basic process will be essentially the same. 1. After create the building model Use the Options menu > Preferences > Shear Wall Design command to review the shear wall design preferences and revise them if necessary. Note that there are default values provided for all shear wall design preferences so it is not actually necessary for you to define any preferences unless you want to change some of the default preference values. 2. Run the building analysis using the Analyze menu > Run Analysis command. 3. Assign the wall pier and wall spandrel labels. Use the Assign menu > Frame/Line > Pier Label, the Assign menu > Shell/Area > Pier Label, the Assign menu > Frame/Line > Spandrel Label, and the Assign menu > Shell/Area > Spandrel Label commands to do this. Note that the labels can be assigned before or after the analysis is run. 4. Assign shear wall overwrites, if needed, using the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > View/Revise Pier Overwrites and the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > View/Revise Spandrel Overwrites commands. Note that you must select piers or spandrels first before using these commands. Also note that there are default values provided for all pier and spandrel design overwrites so it is not actually necessary for you to define any overwrites unless you want to change some of the default overwrite values. Note that the overwrites can be assigned before or after the analysis is run. Important note about selecting piers and spandrels: You can select a pier or spandrel simply by selecting any line or area object that is part of the pier or spandrel.

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5. If you want to use any design load combinations other than the default ones created by ETABS for your shear wall design then click the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Select Design Combo command. Note that you must have already created your own design combos by clicking the Define menu > Load Combinations command. 6. Click the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Start Design/Check of Structure command to run the shear wall design. 7. Review the shear wall design results. To do this you might do one of the following: a. Click the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Display Design Info command to display design information on the model. b. Right click on a pier or spandrel while the design results are displayed on it to enter the interactive wall design mode. Note that while you are in this mode you can revise overwrites and immediately see the new design results. If you are not currently displaying design results you can click the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Interactive Wall Design command and then right click a pier or spandrel to enter the interactive design mode for that element. 1. Use the File menu > Print Tables > Shear Wall Design command to print shear wall design data. If you select a few piers or spandrels before using this command then data is printed only for the selected elements. 2. If desired, revise the wall pier and/or spandrel overwrites, rerun the shear wall design, and review the results again. Repeat this step as many times as needed. 3. If desired, create wall pier check sections with user-defined (actual) reinforcing specified for the wall piers using the Section Designer utility. Use the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Define Pier Sections for Checking command to define the sections in Section Designer. Be sure to indicate that the reinforcing is to be checked. Use the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Assign Pier Sections for Checking command to assign these sections to the piers. Rerun the design and verify that the actual flexural reinforcing provided is adequate.

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4. Assign these check sections to the piers, change the pier mode from Design to Check, and rerun the design. Verify that the actual flexural reinforcing provided is adequate. 5. If necessary, revise the geometry or reinforcing and rerun the design. 6. Print or display selected shear wall design results if desired. Note that shear wall design is performed as an iterative process. You can change your wall design dimensions and reinforcing during the design process without rerunning the analysis. However, you always want to be sure that your final design is based on analysis properties (wall dimensions) that are consistent with your design (actual) wall dimensions.

A: Shear Wall with Line Loads

B: Finite Element Model

Rigid Beam Column

3 per rigid zone

C: Define Beams & Columns

D: Beam-Column Model

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Step 9-1: Change view to Elevation View Click on Set Elevation View button , select desired elevation and use Rubber Band Zoom button to zoom shear wall view.

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Step 9-2: Select Design Code for Shear Wall Design Go to Options >> Preference >> Shear Wall Design and select parameters as shown in figure below.

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Step 9-3: View Load Combination for Shear Wall Design Go to Design >> Shear Wall Design >> Select Design Combo to view load combination for shear wall design. Load combinations have been defined as selected code from previous step. Select desired load combination from Design Combos column and click on Show to view load combination parameters (load factors and details)

Note: Same as concrete frame design, load combination for seismic load (E) from time history analysis are required to be defined manually.

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Step 8-11: Specify Load Combination for Shear Wall Design From Design Load Combination Selection dialogue, select CON11 to CON18 from left column and click on Add to add manual load combination to Design combo list.

Note: Load combination for concrete frame design that have been defined in step 8-3 to 8-5 can be used for shear wall design

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Step 9-4: Start Shear Wall Design Go to Design >> Shear Wall Design >> Start Design/Check Structure

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Step 9-5: Display Pier Design Information for Shear Wall Design Go to Design >> Shear Wall Design >> Display Design Info, click on Design Output and select Pier Longitudinal Reinforcing.

Note: Longitudinal reinforcing area displayed in above figure is for all 3 shear wall panels because all of them have been assigned in same pier label (P1) from previous example

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Step 9-6: Display Pier Design Details for Shear Wall Design To see pier design in details, right mouse click on desired pier panel.

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Reinforcement Location for Pier

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Note: Typical Detailing of Shear Wall

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